第四节英语写作之 平行结构
平行结构的运用技巧与注意事项
平行结构的运用技巧与注意事项平行结构是英语语法中一种重要的修辞手法，它能够使句子更加平衡、简洁，增强语言的表达力。
本文将针对平行结构的运用技巧与注意事项进行讨论，以帮助读者更好地运用平行结构提升文章质量。
I. 平行结构的基本概念平行结构即在句子中使用相同的语法结构或形式来表达相似的意义。
它要求相关语法成分在结构和形式上保持一致，使得句子在逻辑上更加清晰。
下面以一些例子对平行结构进行说明：1. 平行的并列动词：He enjoys swimming, hiking, and playing basketball.（他喜欢游泳、远足和打篮球。
）2. 平行的连词：You can either stay at home or go out with friends.（你可以要么呆在家里要么和朋友们出去。
）3. 平行的形容词：She is intelligent, diligent, and motivated.（她聪明、勤奋且有动力。
）II. 平行结构的运用技巧为了更好地运用平行结构，我们需要注意以下几点技巧：1. 保持逻辑一致性平行结构要求相同语法成分表达相似意义，因此在使用平行结构时，要保证所使用的并列成分逻辑上是一致的。
例如：I like to read books, listen to music, and going to the cinema.（我喜欢读书、听音乐和去电影院。
）在这个例子中，"going to the cinema"与前面的两个动词形成了不一致，应该改为"go to the cinema"才符合平行结构的要求。
2. 使用相同的词性为了保持平行结构的一致性，我们通常会使用相同的词性来修饰并列成分。
例如：She is not only beautiful, but also intelligence.（她不仅漂亮，而且聪明。
）这个例子中，"intelligence"应该改为"intelligent"，以保持并列成分的一致性。
Parallel Structures：英语的平行结构
Parallel Structures：英语的平行结构平行结构是一种由两个或多个词，短语，句子或段落连接在一起的结构，用来强调同样的话语或意思。
这些结构是由相同结构和词汇创建的，例如，“练习努力，背书”或“探索未知，尊重传统”。
平行结构的使用可以帮助作者更好地表达他们的想法，并使文章更加有吸引力和流畅。
Parallel structures are structures created by connecting two or more words, phrases, sentences, or paragraphs together to emphasize the same idea or speech. These structures are created with the same structure and vocabulary, for example, "practice hard, memorize books" or "explore the unknown, respect traditions". The use of parallel structures can help authors express their ideas better and make their articles more attractive and fluent.平行结构是一种由两个或多个词，短语，句子或段落连接在一起的结构，用来强调同样的话语或意思。
Parallel structures are a structure of two or more words, phrases, sentences, or paragraphs connected together to emphasize the same language or meaning. Parallel structures are structures composed of two or more words, phrases, sentences or paragraphs linked together to emphasize the same words or meanings. These structures are created using the same structure and vocabulary, such as “Practice hard, memorize books” or “Explore the unknown, respect the tradition”. The use of parallel structures can help authors better express their ideas and make the article more attractive and fluent.平行结构是一种由两个或多个词，短语，句子或段落连接在一起的结构，用来强调同样的话语或意思。
平行叙事结构
平行叙事结构平行叙事结构是一种强调对比和并行关系的修辞手法，在英语写作中很常见。
这种结构的特点是将两个或多个相似的事物并列在一起，用相同的句式表达，以达到强调的效果。
下面是几个例子，帮助你更好地理解这个结构。
1. 这种结构可以表现对比关系，例如：他们是同学，但性格却截然不同。
一个外向、活泼，一个内向、安静。
她的生活充满了挑战，但她从未放弃过。
她在工作中取得了很大成功，但在个人生活中却遇到了许多困难。
2. 这种结构可以表现相同、平行的关系，例如：他们都是最好的朋友，同时也是同事。
他们一起工作，一起闲聊，一起玩乐。
这家公司一直致力于环保，不仅在生产、运营中注意节约能源，而且积极参与社区活动，帮助当地居民了解环保知识。
3. 这种结构可以表现时间上的平行关系，例如：他们同时开始了新的工作，并且都面临着挑战和困难。
他们互相鼓励、支持，在这个新的环境中迅速适应。
这个城市有很多历史遗迹，其中一些已经存在了几百年。
同时，这个城市也在积极发展现代化的建筑和设施，保持着历史与现代的平衡。
4. 这种结构还可以表现因果关系，例如：他迟到了，因为他的车坏了。
他很懊恼，因为他的老板对迟到的员工很严格。
这个地区最近发生了一次地震，许多房屋被摧毁了。
因此，当地政府立即采取措施，帮助灾区居民重建家园。
通过以上例子，我们可以看到平行叙事结构的灵活运用在英语写作中的重要性。
运用这种结构可以让文章更好地表达出强调、对比和平行的意思。
同时，这种结构也能使文章的句式更加丰富多彩，提高文章的语言水平。
英文写作中的平行结构是什么？怎么用？
英文写作中的平行结构是什么？怎么用？英文写作疑难问题之一是语句的平行结构(或称对称性构造parallelism)，换句话说当语句或一个字融合在一起的情况下，务必保证每一个一部分全是「同样使用价值」，也就是务必是一样方式。
平行结构是什么呢?立即举例说明，看着你是不是能发觉在其中的难题。
I like apples,oranges,and going to the zoo.The coach advised that I should eat healthily,exercise regularly,and that joining a gym would make this easier.Mary is a celebrated author,dancer,and writes great songs.有发觉吗?没事儿，大家把在其中有什么问题的地区标出了，而道德底线的地区则是平行结构的起止点。
I like apples,oranges,and going to the zoo.The coach advised that I should eat healthily,exercise regularly,and that joining a gym would make this easier.Mary is a celebrated author,dancer,and writes great songs.了解为何红色字体一部分不对吗?下边剖析句式给你们句一“I like noun,noun,and-ing phrase.”句二“The coach advised that I should:(1)verb;(2)verb;(3)that-ing phrase.句三“Mary is a noun,noun,and verb.”这种语句便是不符平行结构，句中的同样部位的一个字沒有以一样的语法方式展现。
英语中的平行结构
9.句子的并列（并列句）
I was tired, but I felt happy.
四、需掌握的知识点
1. be about to do sth when+从句 2.祈使句+and+句子 3. while conj.然而，而 4. 分辨谓语动词的并列和伴随状语 5. what名词性短语的并列 6. “随着”两种表达:with+复合结构/as+句子 7. 分辨短语和句子 8. 分辨定语从句和并列句 9. 不定式的并列 10. 分辨：句子+并列连词+句子、短语+句子
preparing a long speech for the president.
10. As there are nearly 50 streets in the
city, most of which we can’t remember
clearly.
which---them
在高考中的体现及解题思路
从句：If you use your head，you will find a way. ___and they bought a picnic with them. A. It being a fine day B. It is a fine day
C. Being a fine day √D. It was a fine day
比如下面句子就违反了平行结构的准则： Do some nice things for your parents that they
don't expect like cooking, doing the dishes, washing clothes, or clean the floors. "做饭"、"刷碗"、"洗衣服"、"拖地"在本句中应为 并列结构作为介词like“像”的宾语，故应用相同 的形式，都用动名词，所以应将clean改为 cleaning。
[精品]英语平行结构（parallelism）
![[精品]英语平行结构（parallelism）](https://img.taocdn.com/s3/m/5c78215fe55c3b3567ec102de2bd960590c6d97c.png)
英语平行结构(parallelism)一、平行结构的定义平行结构指的是相同的语法结构，它要求有同等重要的思想、概念，并列的句子成分要用同类的语法形式来表达，要用并列连词连接。
平行结构是一种修辞手法，它可以使句子前后保持平衡和协调，从而增加语言的连贯性。
新牛津英语词典将平行结构定义为：“the use of successive verbal constructions in poetry or prose which correspond in grammatical structure, sound, meter, meaning, etc.”，(“在诗歌或者散文中，连续运用在语法结构、发音、韵律和意义等方面相似的语言结构。
”) 它可以很简单，如单个的词和词组，也可以很复杂，如完整的句子；它要求词与词、短语与短语、句子与句子一一对应，例如：The child was pretty and intelligent.You can go there on foot, by bus or by train.It is important to know how to study and to learn how to plan one’s time.The coach told the players that they should get a lot of sleep, that they should not eat too much, and that they should do some warm-up exercises before the game.二、使用平行结构的注意点平行结构常常使用并列连词，如and, but, as well as， or, or else， neither...nor, either...or, not only...but also, not...but等。
英语写作中如何运用平行结构？
英语写作中如何运用平行结构？关键信息项：1、平行结构的定义与类型语法平行词汇平行逻辑平行2、平行结构在不同文体中的应用议论文记叙文说明文3、运用平行结构的原则保持结构一致避免逻辑混乱注重语言简洁4、错误使用平行结构的案例分析结构不一致的错误逻辑不清晰的错误语言冗余的错误5、提高平行结构运用能力的方法阅读优秀范文写作练习寻求反馈与修改11 平行结构的定义平行结构是指在一个句子或段落中，相似的语法结构、词汇或逻辑关系被重复使用，以增强语言的节奏感、逻辑性和表现力。
111 语法平行语法平行是指在句子中使用相同的语法形式，如动词时态、名词单复数、形容词比较级等。
例如：“I like reading, writing and speaking English” 这个句子中，“reading”“writing”“speaking”都是动名词形式，保持了语法的平行。
112 词汇平行词汇平行是指使用相同词性或语义相关的词汇。
比如：“She is kind, gentle and friendly” 其中“kind”“gentle”“friendly”都是形容词，且都表达了人的性格特点。
113 逻辑平行逻辑平行是指在表达观点或列举事项时，遵循相同的逻辑顺序或逻辑关系。
例如：“To succeed in life, one needs to be hardworking, persistent and intelligent” 这里“hardworking”“persistent”“intelligent”都是成功所需的品质，在逻辑上是平行的。
12 平行结构在不同文体中的应用121 议论文在议论文中，平行结构可以使论点更清晰、更有说服力。
比如在阐述观点时，可以说：“We should not only study hard but also learn to think critically and act independently” 通过使用“not onlybut also”的平行结构，强调了学习的多个方面。
平行结构英语作文模板
平行结构英语作文模板英文回答：Parallel structure is a grammatical construction in which two or more elements of a sentence have the same grammatical form. This creates a sense of balance andrhythm in the sentence, making it easier for the reader to understand.There are several different types of parallel structure, including:Simple listing: This is the most basic type ofparallel structure, in which two or more items are listedin a series. For example:> "I went to the store to buy milk, bread, and eggs."Compound phrases: Two or more phrases can be joined together with a coordinating conjunction to create aparallel structure. For example:> "I went to the store because I needed milk, bread, and eggs."Compound sentences: Two or more independent clauses can be joined together with a coordinating conjunction to create a parallel structure. For example:> "I went to the store. I needed milk, bread, and eggs."Parallel structure can be used to add emphasis to a sentence, to make it more clear and concise, and to create a sense of rhythm.Here are some examples of how parallel structure can be used in writing:To emphasize a point:> "I am not only tired, but I am also hungry."To make a sentence more clear and concise:> "I went to the store to buy milk, bread, and eggs." (instead of "I went to the store to buy milk. I went to the store to buy bread. I went to the store to buy eggs.")。
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6. Sentences
• History became popular, and histories became alarmed. • Should scientists go into research, or should they teach, or should they work in industry?
IV. Parallel Structure
并列结构中的成分必须结构相同：名词与 名词相连，动词与动词相连，从句与从句 相连，动词相连时也必须以相同的形式连 接。 在平行句中常常使用成对的关联词 (correlatives)，例如：both…and, either…or…, not only…but also, neither…nor, not…but等。
3. Infinitives or Infinitive Phrases
• To walk in the rain and to swim in the lake are two of my greatest pleasures. • They decided to begin again: to begin hoping, to begin trying to change, to begin working toward a goal. • One ought, every day at least, to hear a little song, read a good poem, see a fine piture, and, if it were possible, to speak a few reasonable words. (Goethe)
IV. Parallel Structure
表达平行意义的语法结构有许多种，我们可 以使用词、短语或从句等来表达。 1. Words or Phrases 2. Prepositions or Prepositional Phrases 3. Infinitives or Infinitive Phrases 4. Gerunds or Gerundial Phrases 5. Clauses 6. Sentences
1. Words or Phrases
• James is aideration. • If you want to earn a satisfactory grade in the training program, you must be punctual, courteous, and conscientious. • English academic writing has good content, clear organization, and effective language.
Excellent Parallel Structure in Classics
• Now is the time to make real the promises of democracy. Now is the time to rise from the dark and desolate valley of segregation to the sunlight path of racial justice. Now is the time to lift our nation from the quicksands of racial injustice to the solid rock of brotherhood. Now is the time to make justice a reality for all of God’s children… • I have a dream that one day every valley shall be exalted, and every hill and mountain shall be made low, the rough
Excellent Parallel Structure in Classics
• It is for us, the living, rather to be dedicated here to the unfinished work which they who fought remaining before us—that from these honored dead we take increased devotion to the cause for which they here gave the last full measure of devotion—that we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain; that this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom, and that the government of the people, by the people, and for the people, shall not perish from the earth. —Abraham Lincoln
IV. Parallel Structure
1. Viruses carry either DNA or RNA, never both. 2. Either we go full speed ahead or we stop right here. 3. Clearly, neither serological tests nor virus isolation studies alone would have been adequate. 4. Some products appeal to more customers not by advertisements but by good qualities.
Excellent Parallel Structure in Classics
• And so, my fellow Americans: ask not what your country can do for you; ask what you can do for your country. • My fellow citizens of the world: ask not what American will do for you, but what together we can do for the freedom of man. —John F. Kennedy
2. Prepositions or Prepositional Phrases
• In matters of principle, stand like a rock; in matters of taste, swim with the current.(Thomas Jefferson) • Managers direct people at work, at home, and at play. • Studies serve for delight, for ornament, and for ability. Their chief use for delight, is in privateness and retiring; for ornament, is in discourse; and for ability, is in the judgement, and disposition of business. (Francis Bacon)
Excellent Parallel Structure in Classics
• I have a dream that one day every valley shall be exalted, and every hill and mountain shall be made low, the rough places will be made plain, and the crooked places will be made straight, and the glory of the Lord shall be revealed and all flesh shall see it together… • With this faith we will be able to work together, to pray together, to struggle together, to go to jail together, to stand up for freedom together, knowing that we will be free one day.
IV. Parallel Structure
分析下列句子：
2. Popular exercises for men and women include aerobic dancing, weight lifters, and jogging. R：Popular exercises for men and women include aerobic dancing, weight lifting, and jogging.
4. Gerunds or Gerundial Phrases • Writing is a skill like driving, typing, or cooking. • I spent the day cleaning the house, reading poetry, and putting my life in order. • Hiking and playing golf are my favorite hobbies.
Excellent Parallel Structure in Classics
• Let history say of us: These were golden years—when the American Revolution was reborn, when freedom gained new life, when America reached for her best. • —Ronald Reagan