广东海洋大学水产养殖学2014,2015年考博真题
2015年广东海洋大学考博真题英语
广东海洋大学2015级博士研究生入学英语考试试题Part Ⅰ: Reading Comprehension (30%) Direction: In this part, there are four passages. Read each passage carefully, and then choose the best answer from the four choices given below. Passage 1 Humans are forever forgetting that they can't control nature. Exactly 20 years ago, a Time magazine cover story announced that "scientists are on the verge of being able to predict the time, place and even the size of earthquakes". The people of quake-ruined Kobe learned last week how wrong that assertion was. None of the methods raised two decades ago have succeeded. Even now, scientists have yet to discover a uniform warning signal that precedes all quakes, let alone any sign that would tell whether the coming quake is mild or a killer. Earthquake formation can be triggered by many factors, says Hiroo Kanamori, a seismologist at the California Institute of Technology. So, finding one all-purpose warning sign is impossible. One reason: Quakes start deep in the earth, so scientists can't study them directly.If a quake precursor were found, it would still be impossible to warn humans in advance of all dangerous quakes. Places like Japan and California are filled with hundreds, if not thousands, of minor faults . It is impossible to place monitoring instruments on all of them. And these inconspicuous sites can be just as deadly as their better-known cousins like the San Andreas . Both the Kobe and the 1994 Northridge quakes occurred on small faults. Prediction would be less important if scientists could easily build structures to withstand tremors. While seismic engineering has improved dramatically in the past 10 to 15 years, every new quake reveals unexpected weaknesses in "quake-resistant" structures, says Terry Tullis, a geophysicist at Brown University. In Kobe, for example, a highway that opened only last year was damaged. In the Northridge earthquake, on the other hand, well-built structures generally did not collapse. But engineers have since found hidden problems in 120 steel-frame buildings that survived. Such structures are supposed to sway with the earth rather than crumple. They may have swayed, but the quake also unexpectedly weakened the joints in their steelskeletons. If the shaking had been longer or stronger, the buildings might have collapsed.A recent report in Science adds yet more anxiety about life on the fault lines. Researchers ran computer simulations to see how quake-resistant buildings would fare in a moderate-size tremor, taking into account that much of a quake's energy travels in a large "pulse" of focused shaking. The results: both steel-frame buildings and buildings that sit on班级：姓名： 学号：试题共页加白纸张密封线GDOU-B-11-302insulating rubber pads suffered severe damage.More research will help experts design stronger structures and possibly find quake precursors. But it is still a certainty that the next earthquake will prove once again that every fault cannot be monitored and every highway cannot be completely quake-proofed. Questions 1 to 5 are based on the passage 11. Which of the following statements is true about Kobe -------- ?A. Last week's quake occurred on small faults.B. People there believe in scientists' ability to predict earthquakes.C. Buildings there swayed with the quake rather than crumpledD. It can be expected that every fault can be monitored as a result of more research.2. The author's focus in Para. 3 is on --------A. the need for more researchB. the impossibility to predict earthquakesC. the designing of stronger structures and the finding of quake precursorsD. the impossibility of building completely quake-proofed structures3. It's impossible to avoid damages in earthquakes because --------A. scientists can't study quakes that occur deep in the earth directlyB. it's hard to build perfect "quake-resistant" structuresC. instruments cannot be placed on all of the minor faultsD. all of the above4. It is implied in the passage that --------A. well-erected structures do not collapseB. steel-frame buildings survive any earthquakeC. buildings in Northridge will probably collapse in a stronger earthquakeD. seismic engineering has improved enough for structures to resist quakes5. The best title for this passage could be --------A. Nature Is beyond Human ControlB. Earthquakes: Can We Bring Them under Control?C. New Methods and Stronger Structures to Predict and Withhold QuakesD. Can't We Predict Earthquakes?Passage 2Systematic efforts at national nutrition planning in developing countries go back barely a decade. During that brief time there has been considerable progress in establishing the extent and causes of malnutrition and what can be done to reduce it.Ten years ago, malnutrition was often thought to reflect primarily a shortage of protein (and in some cases, vitamins or minerals). Most nutrition programs concentrated on providing high-protein food to children, usually in schools. The emphasis today is different. There is now a wide measure of agreement on several broad propositions.Serious and extensive nutritional deficiencies occur in virtually all developing countries, though they are worst in low-income countries. They are usually caused by undernourishment—a shortage of food—not by an imbalance between calories and protein. There may often be shortage of specific micronutrients and of protein, especially among young children. But given the typical composition of the diets of the poor, to the extent that calorie requirements (as estimated by the FAO and the WHO) are met, it is likely that other nutritional needs will also be satisfied.Malnutririon affects old and young, male and female, urban and rural dwellers; particularly prevalent among children under five, it reduces their resistance to diseases and is a major cause of their death. In many societies, girls suffer more than boys.Malnutrition is largely a reflection of poverty; people do not have enough income for food. Given the slow income growth that is likely for poverty-stricken people in the forseeable future, large numbers will remain malnourished for decades to come.Poor nutritional practices and the inequitable distribution of food within families are also causes of malnutrition.The most effective long-term policies are those that raise the incomes of the poor, and those that raise food production per person. Other relevant policies include food subsidies, nutrition education, adding minerals or vitamins to salt and other processed foods, and increasing emphasis on producing foods typically consumed by the poor.These points will be amplified in the following discussion.Questions 6 to 10 are based on the passage 26. During the past 10 years developing countries ----------.A. have made considerable attempts to plan about nutrition on a nation-wide scaleB. have started nutrition programs that aim at providing high-protein food…tochildren in schoolC. have taken effective measures to reduce malnutrition everywhereD. have reached an agreement to fight malnutrition by combining efforts7. Which one of the following is NOT mentioned as a cause of malnutrition?A. PovertyB. Poor nutritional practiceC. Inequitable distribution of foodD. Inadequate nutrition education8. With regard to the future, the author tends to believe that ----------.A. malnutrition will be largely eliminated in some developing countries in the nextfew yearsB. the developed countries are planning to offer some help to reduce malnutritionC. many people still have to suffer from malnutrition in the near futureD. people’s income in developing countries will grow rapidly in the foreseeablefuture9. “Nutrition education” is mentioned in the passage as ----------A. one of the most effective policies to reduce malnutrition in the long termB. one of the secondary measures of reducing malnutritionC. one of the ways to improve education in developing countriesD. one of the efforts that has been made during the past 10 years10. It can be predicted from the last sentence of the passage that the author is going totalk in detail about ----------.A. policies for reducing malnutritionB. the causes for malnutritionC. how to raise the incomes of the poorD. producing foods typically consumed by the poorPassage 3The chief purpose of work is not to produce things but to build the man. It is not so important what shape or form our work may take; what is vitally important is our attitude toward that work.Even if the particular duty is one which doesn’t seem worth doing, if you must do it, it is important to do it right. Even if no one else will ever know whether you did it right or not, you will know. By making a commitment to quality work, you make a commitment to yourself to develop your abilities and self-respect, to do the best you can do and be the best you can be. When you do as little as possible or just enough to get by, you are not merely cheating your employer, your customers, your clients and your co-workers, but most importantly, you cheat yourself. To cheat yourself out of an opportunity to develop pride and self-worth. You cheat yourself out of an opportunity to meet a challenge and develop your own inner powers and abilities. You may be able to get away with cheating others, but you never get away with cheating yourself.Thus, the key is a commitment to yourself to use every possible opportunity for self-development and treat every work assignment, no matter how small or boring, as a challenge that can be used in your development.Work is a projection of self. Consciousness can regard any job as a potential opportunity for self-expression, for play, for creativity, for the furtherance of social objectives, and it can arrange the factors in the job so that they form a means of self-expression.Most jobs contain at least some limited options for creativity. To the extent that any job can be done in different ways, the job presents you with an opportunity to project your unique abilities and values into that job. Any type of communication, written or spoken, presents a significant opportunity for creative expression. Even if your efforts are reviewed and must be toned down to fit into the mold of your organization, there is always a slight opening through which you can project your unique personality. Use these opportunities to express and confirm your existence.Questions 11 to 15 are based on the passage 311. The most important thing about work is _________.A. to produce thingsB. the shape one’s work takesC. the amount of money it makesD. one’s attitude towards the work12. If the work doesn’t seem worth doing, you should _________.A. give it upB. tell others to do itC. stop in the middleD. perform it carefully13. What can work assignments offer people?A. An opportunity to develop oneselfB. A chance to get away with cheating themselvesC. Few options for creativity.D. A way to get rid of your unique personality.14. Which of the following statements is not true?A. Sometimes you have to adjust yourself to your workB. There is space for you to show your creativity.C. Work must be done in one way in order to be the most efficient.D. You may never cheat yourself.15. The main idea of the passage is _________.A. how to improve your creativityB. the importance of projecting your values into your jobC. when to express yourselfD. how to change one’s personalityPassage 4The study of genetics has given rise to a profitable new industry called biotechnology. As the name suggests, it blends biology and modern technology through such techniques as genetic engineering. Some of the new bi0tech companies, as they are called, specialize in agriculture and are working enthusiastically to patent seeds that give a high yield, that resist disease drought and frost, and that reduce the need for hazardous chemicals. If such goals could be achieved, it would be most beneficial. But some have raised concerns about genetically engineered crops.“In nature, genetic diversity is created within certain limits,” says the book Genetic Engineering, Food, and Our Environment. “A rose can be crossed with a different kind of rose, but a rose will never cross with a potato.... Genetic engineering, on the other hand, usually involves taking genes from one species and inserting them into another in an attempt to transfer a desired property or character. This could mean, for example, selectinga gene which leads to the production of a chemical with antifreeze properties from an arctic fish, and joining it into a potato or strawberry to make it frost-resistant. It is now possible for plants to be engineered with genes taken from bacteria, viruses, insects, animals or even humans.” In essence, then, biotechnology allows humans to break the genetic walls that separate species.Like the green revolution, what some call the gene revolution contributes to the problem of genetic uniformity-- some say even more so because geneticists can employ techniques such as cloning and tissue culture, processes that produce perfectly identical copies, or clones. Concerns about the erosion of biodiversity, therefore, remain. Genetically altered plants, however, raise new issues, such as the effects that they may have on us and the environment. “We a re flying blindly into a new era of agricultural biotechnology with high hopes, few constraints, and little idea of the potential outcomes,” said science writer Jeremy Rifkin.Questions 16 to 20 are based on the passage 416. According to the author, biotech companies are _________.A. mostly specialized in agricultureB. those producing seeds of better propertiesC. mainly concerned about the genetically engineered cropsD. likely to have big returns in their business17. Now biotech products are made _________.A. within the limits of natural geneticsB. by violating laws of natural geneticsC. without the interference of humansD. safer than those without the use of biotechnology18. In nature, genetic diversity is created _________.A. by mixing different speciesB. within the species itselfC. through natural selectionD. through selection or contest19. According to the author, with the development of biotechnology _________.A. the species of creatures will be reducedB. our living environment will be better than it is nowC. humans will pay for its side effectD. we will suffer from fewer and fewer diseases20. The author's attitude towards genetic engineering can best be described as _________.A. optimisticB. PessimisticC. concernedD. suspiciousPassage 5Computers have been taught to play not only checkers, but also championship chess, which is a fairly accurate yardstick for measuring the computer’s progress in the ability to learn from experie nce. Because the game requires logical reasoning, chess would seem to be perfectly suited to the computer .all a programmer has to do is give the computer a program evaluating the consequences of every possible response to every possible move, and the computer will win every time. In theory this is a sensible approach; in practice it is impossible. Today, a powerful computer can analyze 40 000 moves a second. That is an impressive speed. But there are an astronomical number of possible moves in chess—literally trillions. Even if such a program were written (and in theory it could be ,given enough people and enough time), there is no computer capable of holding that much data. Therefore, if the computer is to compete at championship levels, it must be programmed to function with less than complete data. It must be able to learn from experience, to modify its own programm, to deal with a relatively unstructured situation—in a word, to “think” for itself . In fact, this can be done. Chess-playing computers have yet to defeat world champion chess players, but several have beaten human players of only slightly lower ranks. The computers have had programs to carry them through the early, mechanical stages of their chess games. But they have gone on from there to reason and learn, and sometimes to win the game.There are other proofs that computers can be programmed to learn, but this example is sufficient to demonstrate the point. Granted , winning a game of chess is not an earthshaking event even when a computer does it . But there are many serious human problems which ban be fruitfully approached as games. The Defense Department uses computers to play war games and work out strategies for dealing with international tensions. Other problems—international and interpersonal relations , ecology and economics , and the ever-increasing threat of world famine—can perhaps be solved by the joint efforts of human beings and truly intelligent computers .Questions 21 to 25 are based on the passage 521.T he purpose of creating chess-playing computers is __________A to win the world chess championB to pave the way for further intelligent computersC to work out strategies for international warsD to find an accurate yardstick for measuring computer progress22 .Today , a chess-playing computer can be programmed to ________A give trillions of reponses in a second to each possible move and win the gameB function with complete data and beat the best playersC learn from chess-playing in the early stage and go on to win the gameD evaluate every possible move but may fail to give the right response each time23. For a computer to “think” , it is necessary to ________A mange to process as much data as possible in a secondB program it so that it can learn from its experiencesC prepare it for chess-playing firstD enable it to deal with unstructured situations24 .The author’s attitude towards the Defense Department is____A criticalB unconcernedC positiveD negative25. In the author’s opinion,______A winning a chess game is an unimportant eventB serious human problems shouldn’t be regarded as playing a gameC ecological problems are more urgent to be solvedD there is hope for more intelligent computersPassage 6The wor ld has become so complicated that we’ve lost confidence in our ability to understand and deal with it. But common sense is useful now as it ever was. No amount of expertise substitutes for an intimate knowledge of a person or a situation. At times you just have to trust your own judgement. It almost cost me my life to learn that. I was reading a book one day, idly scratching the back of my head, when I noticed that, in one particular spot, the scratching echoed inside my head like fingernailson an empty ca rdboard carton, I rushed off to my doctor.“Got a hole in your head, have you?” he teased. “It’s nothing—just one of those little scalp nerves sounding off.”Two years and four doctors later, I was still being told it was nothing. To the fifth doctor. I said, almost in desperation,”But I live in tis body. I know something’s different.”“If you won’t take my word for it,I’ll take an X-ray and prove it to you,” he said.Well, there it was, of course, the tumor that had made a hole as big as an eye socket in the back of my skull. After the operation, a young resident paused by my bed. ”It’s a good thing you’re so smart,” he said.” Most patient die of these tumors because we don’t know they’re there until it is too late.”I’m really not so smart. And I’m too docile i n the face of authority. I should have been more aggressive with those first four doctors. It’s hard to question opinions delivered with absolute certainty. Experts always sound so sure. Nevile Chamberlain, the British prime minister, was positive, just before the start of World War II, that there would be “peace for our time.” Producer Irving Thalberg did not hesitate to advise Louis B. Mayer against buying the rights to Gone With the Wind because “no Civil War picture ever made a nickel.” Even Abraham Lin coln surely believed it when he said in his Gettysburg Address:” The world will little note, nor long remember, what we say here…”We should not, therefore, be intimidated by experts. When it’s an area we really know about—our bodies, our families, our houses—let’s listen to what the experts say, then make up our own minds.Questions 26 to 30 are based on the passage 61. We have to trust our own judgement since ____A. not all of us have acquired reliable expertiseB. experts often lose their common senseC. experts may sometimes fail to give good adviceD. intimate knowledge of a person is not to be substituted for by expertise2. While reading one day, the author______A. found a hole at the back of his headB. heard a scratching sound from a cartonC. noticed some echo from his head where he was scratchingD. noticed a sound coming out from his head28 “tease” in paragraph 3 means______A. to make fun ofB. to comfortC. to replyD. to disbelieve29 The author didn’t think he was smart(para.7)because____A. he had already suffered for two yearsB. he had not been able to put up with the painC. he had believed too much in expertiseD. he had formed too strong an opinion of himself30 .It happens that the examples given by the author_____A. all concern with warsB. are taken from modern American historyC. have become popular themes in moviesD. have American Civil War as the backgroundPart Ⅱ Multiple Choice (15%)Direction: In this part, there are 30 statements. Below each statement are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Choose one word or phrase that best completesthe statement.31.As a teacher you should not show -------- towards any of your students.A. pleasureB. favorC. preferenceD. inclination32. Traffic is -------- by police at every intersection.A. enforcedB. imposedC. limitedD. regulated33. The classroom is 30 feet -------- and 20 feet in breadth.A. at lengthB. in lengthC. as for lengthD. to length34. Theodore Roosevelt was a -------- man; he was successful as a statesman, soldier,sportsman, explorer, and author.A. ableB. capableC. skilfulD. versatile35. If you are to be accepted as a member of the club you must -------- by its rules.A. agreeB. abideC. confirmD. conform36. He gave a -------- account of what has happened.A. discomfortedB. distortedC. dismissedD. discovered37. The speaker was a long way --------.A. on the trackB. in the trackC. of the trackD. off the track38. If the body is robbed this way for too long, vital organs --------.A. break downB. break outC. break awayD. break in39. My pencil is -------- to a stump.A. wornB. worn downC. worn offD. worn out40. After 10 years’ efforts, the farmers have ------- the waste land -------- paddy fields.A. turned … outB. turned … overC. turned … intoD. turned … down41. What you say now is not -------- with what you said last week.A. consistentB. persistentC. permanentD. insistent42. They have decided to -------- physical punishment in all local school.A. put awayB. break away fromC. do away withD. pass away43. The price of the coal will vary according to how far it has to be transported and howexpensive the freight -------- are.A. paymentsB. chargesC. fundsD. prices44. Professor Hawking is -------- as one of the world’s greatest living physicists.A. dignifiedB. clarifiedC. acknowledgedD. illustrated45.Individual sports are run by over 370 independent governing bodies whose functionsusually include -------- rules, holding events, selecting national teams and promoting international links.A. drawing onB. drawing inC. drawing upD. drawing down46. Within seconds, the experienced instructor -------- the situation and decided to attemptrescue.A. assumedB. assuredC. assessedD. affirmed47. The captain of the ship -------- the passengers that there was no danger.A. securedB. ensuredC. assuredD. guaranteed48. A very large cat was watching us intently from the top of a -------- car.A. movelessB. stationeryC. motionlessD. stationary49. The police are -------- a war against crime in the city.A. committingB. breakingC. undertakingD. waging50. Black Death was -------- in England in the summer of 1348 without any warning and,most importantly, without any cure.A. currentB. circulatingC. prevailingD. universal51. He -------- the level of unemployment in China.A. concernsB. has concernedC. is concerning aboutD. is concerned about52. Computer software -------- some 70 percent of our range of products.A. accounts forB. accounts outC. counts onD. counts for53. They tried to ------- the project from being destroyed for shortage of money.A. get inB. leave offC. head offD. bring about54. He spoke clearly and -------- and we could understand every word he said.A. distinguishedB. distinguishableC. distinctlyD. distinctively55. The Bank of England has taken further steps to -------- control over the value of thepound.A. resumeB. resurrectC. retainD. retard56. Except for some colleges --------- by the Catholic church, all colleges and universitiesin the United States, public and private, are governed by a board of trustees composed primarily of laymen.A. elevatedB. grantedC. patentedD. sponsored57. Today, household chores have been made much easier by electrical --------.A. facilitiesB. equipmentC. appliancesD. utilities58. Boys who try to -------- a teacher are not sincere.A. make in forB. make up forC. make up toD. make on to59. Doctors are often caught in a -------- because they have to decide whether they shouldtell their patients the truth or not.A. puzzleB. perplexityC. dilemmaD. bewilderment60. Many countries have adopted systems of -------- education in order to promote theaverage level of education.A. constrainedB. compulsoryC. cardinalD. conventionalPart ⅢCloze(10%)Directions: In this part, there are 10 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A, B, C and D on the paper. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.The use of nuclear power has already spread all over the world. However, scientists still have not agreed 61 what should be done with the large amounts of waste material that tend to increase every year. Most waste material are 62 of simply by placing them somewhere. But nuclear waste must be handled with great care. It 63 dangerous radiation and it will continue to be 64 for hundreds, thousands, even millions of years.How should we get rid of such waste material in such a way that it will not harm the environment? Where can we 65 distribute it? One idea is to put this radioactive waste inside a thick container, which is then dropped to the deep bottom of the ocean. But some scientists believe that this way of 66 nuclear waste could kill fish and other living things in the oceans or interfere 67 their growth. Another way to 68 nuclear waste is to send it into space, to the sun, 69 it would be burned. Other scientists suggest that this polluting material be buried thousands of meters under the earth’s surface. Such underground areas must be free of possible earthquakes.Advances are being made. But it may still be many years 70 this problem could be finally settled.。
广东海洋大学海洋生态学2014,2016,2017年考研真题
广东海洋大学2014年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试《海洋生态学》（808）试卷（请将答案写在答题纸上，写在试卷上不给分。
本科目满分150分）一、多项选择题（10分，每小题2分）1. 外来生物入侵会可能对原有生物群落和生态系统带来极大威胁，主要包括（）。
A．生物多样性降低 B.生境退化 C.病害频发 D.原有生态系统崩溃2. 海洋中主要分解者生物的类别有（）。
A．细菌 B.微型食植者 C.有机凝聚体 D.后生动物3.种群调节因素可分为密度制约和非密度制约,属密度制约的有( )。
A.捕食B.竞争C.共生D.传染病E.温度4.种群具有个体所不具备的特征,主要有( )。
A.年龄结构B.性比C.出生率、死亡率D.多样性指数5.海水中溶解有机物DOM的来源主要有( )。
A.径流输入B.植物细胞释出C.动物代谢排泄D.POM分解二、判断题（10分，每小题1分）1．大洋中海洋的盐度是可变的，但其主要组分的比值是恒定的。
…………（）2．分解作用的生物化学过程正好与光合作用相反的过程。
…………………（）3.一个种群其种群密度越大,对其自身的生存越有利。
………………………（）4.一个群落,各个种占的相对比例越均匀,则该群落的异质性程度越大。
……（）5.生态系统中的能量流动和物质循环是相互独立的,二者基本无联系。
……（）6.一个物种的适应能力与其遗传多样性高低有直接必然的联系。
……………（）7.一个物种多样性水平高的群落其系统必然比物种多样性水平低的系统有更强的抗干扰能力。
……………………………………………………………………（）8.POC是指颗粒有机碳，POM是指溶解的颗粒有机物。
……………………（）9.新生产力反映真光层营养物质循环的效率，取决真光层之外所提供的N。
（）10.大洋区表层和次表层的POC数量高于下层，而在深洋水中一直保持着相对恒定的低含量状态。
…………………………………………………………………（）三、名词解释（40分，每小题4分）1.生态因子2.关键种3.临界深度4.温室效应5.持续产量6.耐受性定律7.光周期现象8.有效积温9.异株克生现象10.同化效率四、简答题（56分，每小题8分）1.为什么说食物链本质上是生态系统地能流途径？能流有何特点？2.试述海流有哪些生态作用？3.什么叫海洋微型生物食物环？4.什么是赤潮？赤潮有什么危害？5.试述温度因子的生态作用？6.K—对策和r—对策各有哪些特点?7.试述植物群落的基本特征？五、分析题（34分）1.何为浮游生物，简述浮游生物在海洋生态系统中的作用。
广东海洋大学研究生入学考试真题3402水产食品学
广东海洋大学
2015年攻读博士学位研究生招生考试试题
考试科目（代码）名称：3402水产食品学满分100分
（所有答案写在答题纸上，写在试卷上不给分，答完后连同试卷一并交回。
）
1、简述水产原料化学组成的基本特性？（10分）
2、简述水产动物死后的生理生化变化，这些变化规律对水产品贮藏与加工利用有何指导意
义？（18分）
3、影响水产动物活体生理特征的因素有哪些？阐述水产动物保活运输的主要方法及基本
原理？（15分）
4、简述水产品冻结保藏的基本原理？画出水产品的冻结曲线，根据此曲线说明水产品采用
冻结保藏时要注意的基本问题？（10分）
5、简述鱼糜制品弹性的形成机制和影响鱼糜制品的主要因素？（12分）
6、请写出一种高附加值的水产冷冻调理食品的加工工艺，并进行简要说明？（15分）
7、简述水产调味料的概念与基本特征？简述酶解型水产调味料的主要呈味成分与呈味特
性？归纳水产调味料主要发展趋势？（20分）
3402水产食品学 1。
水产养殖学专业毕业生就业状况统计和对策研究——以广东海洋大学为例
·38·工 作 研 究农业开发与装备 2016年第11期摘要：以广东省大学生就业在线院校客户端系统数据为基础，对广东海洋大学近5届水产养殖学本科专业的毕业生就业去向的相关数据进行统计，分析水产养殖学专业本科毕业生就业基本状况，着重从就业率、单位所在地、就业单位类型、职业类型、单位所属行业、平均薪酬、专业对口率七个维度研究水产养殖学专业毕业生的就业动态趋势并提出相应的建议，以期为水产养殖学专业毕业生就业工作提供指导和参考依据。
关键词：水产养殖；毕业生；就业；对策研究目前，在中国开设水产养殖学专业的高等院校至少有80所，据新华日报报道，10年前水产养殖学专业还名列全国较难就业榜，而近两年却是近20个岗位抢一个毕业生，连续几年水产养殖学专业初次就业率均高于95%。
为了促进水产养殖学专业毕业生的就业良好态势可持续发展及实现更高质量的就业，本文通过以广东海洋大学为列，分析了水产养殖学专业毕业生就业的基本状况，并提出相应的建议。
1 数据内容以统计就业率、就业单位类型、单位所在地、单位所属行业、职业类型、平均薪酬、专业对口率为主要内容，分析就业趋势。
1.1 毕业生就业率、专业对口率、升学率、就业平均薪酬我校近5年水产养殖学专业初次就业率较高，均在98%以上，都高于广东省及全国同专业的平均水平，平均为99.33%；专业对口率也较高为62.19%，而升学率为9.23%，就业平均薪酬为2 000多元低于省平均数水平。
1.2 毕业生就业单位类型分布我校近5年水产养殖学专业高达87.92%的毕业生是到企业就业，其中2012届去企业就业的最低也有83.13%，2015届最多，高达90.99%。
而且主要去向是股份及责任有限公司，达到77.35%。
到各类事业单位就业、继续升学深造的毕业生仅有10.57%，2012届最高达到14.61%，2016届最低仅有8.98%。
到各级机关党群、部队及政法系统就业的毕业生极少，仅有9人，占1.51%，其中2013届达到最高也仅有3人，占2.86%。
广东海洋大学10--15第二学期高数
广东海洋大学2014—2015学年第二学期《高等数学》课程试题课程号：x2□√考试□√A 卷□√闭卷□考查□B 卷□开卷题号一二三四五六七八九十总分阅卷教师各题分数24 14 28 286100实得分数一 . 填空（3×8=24分）1.设1,2,1a ，0,1,x b ，b a，则x2.设1,0,2a，0,1,0b，则ba3.曲面222y xz在点)2,1,1(处的切平面方程为4.将xoz 平面上的曲线1422zx绕x 轴旋转一周所得的旋转曲面的方程为5.函数)3ln(22y xz的驻点为6.设L 为连接)0,1(到点)1,0(的直线段，则dsx y L)(7.幂级数13n nn x的收敛半径为8.微分方程xey3的通解为y二 .计算题（7×2=14分）1.设)ln(22y xy z，求dz .2.设函数),(y x f z 是由方程333a xyz z所确定的具有连续偏导数的函数，求22,xzxz.姓名：学号：试题共5 页加白纸3 张密封线GDOU-B-11-302三 .计算下列积分（7×4=28分）1.dxdy x yD)(2，其中D 是由0y, 2x y及1x所围成的闭区域。
2.证明曲线积分dy xy xdxy xy )2()2(2)1,1()0.0(2在整个xoy 平面内与路径无关，并计算积分值。
3.计算dxdyz dzdx y dydzx )3()2()1(,其中是球面9222zyx的外侧。
4.计算dxdy yxD2211，其中D 是由2522yx围成的闭区域。
四 .计算题（7×4=28分）1.判别级数2121)1(nn n是否收敛? 若收敛，是绝对收敛还是条件收敛? 2.将函数31)(xx f 展开为x 的幂级数。
3. 求微分方程62ydxdy满足初始条件20xy的特解。
4.求微分方程xe yy 的通解。
五.证明)()()(ydx x f x dxx f dy（6分）2014-2015学年第二学期《高等数学》A 卷（参考答案及评分标准课程号：×2一、填空（3×8=24分）1. 2；2. 2,0,1；3.02zyx；4. 4.14222zyx；5.)0,0(；6.2；7.3；8. 21391c x c ex二、计算题（14分）1.222yxxyx z ,222222)ln(yxyy xy z ,(4分)dy yxyy xdxyxxydz]2)[ln(22222222(3分)2.令),,(z y x F 333a x yz z （1分），得y zF F zx 33,12，则yzF F xzzx 3312，（4分）则322222)33(6)33(6y zz y zx z z xz. (2分)三．计算下列积分（7×4=28分）1.原式101)21()21()(4101022分3210分422dx x dxy x ydyx y dxxx2.设xy xy x Q y xy y x P 2),(,2),(22，有y xxQ yP22，所以曲线积分与路径无关。
广东海洋大学_鱼类学2015--2017年考研初试真题
广东海洋大学2015年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试
《鱼类学》（807）试卷
（请将答案写在答题纸上，写在试卷上不给分。
本科目满分150分）
一、选择题（10分，每小题1分）
1、眼后缘到鳃盖骨后缘或最后一鳃孔为（）
A．颊部B．眼后头部C．峡部D．喉部
2、侧扁型鱼类（）
A．大多数游动迅速B．多栖息于水流较缓静的水域中
C．常营底栖生活D．行动敏捷，常作长距离洄游
3、板鳃类的鼻孔一般位于（）
A．头部背面眼前方B．头部腹面口前方
C．头部侧面眼后方D．吻端
4、软骨鱼类特有的角质鳍条（）
A．分支分节B．不分支分节
C．不分支不分节D．分支不分节
5、鱼类的鳞片可分为三大类，即（）
A．盾鳞、圆鳞、栉鳞B．硬鳞、骨鳞、盾鳞
C．圆鳞、骨鳞、盾鳞D．盾鳞、硬鳞、栉鳞
6、沿水平体轴有一结缔组织的水平隔膜将大侧肌分成上下两部分，其中上部称为（）
A．上棱肌B．轴上肌C．白肌D．红肌
7、在鱼类分类上常记载某鱼的鳃耙数是指（）
807《鱼类学》1 / 11。
2014年广东海洋大学硕士研究生考试试卷《农业知识综合四》(342)
广东海洋大学2014年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试《农业知识综合四》(342)试卷（请将答案写在答题纸上，写在试卷上不给分。
本科目满分150分）一、选择题(每空1分，共20分)1、（蛛网）理论是指随着市场价格的变化，农产品的供给量和需求量围绕（平衡）点呈蛛网状波动的理论。
2、农产品期贷市场已经成为发达国家的农民和农业企业（锁定）风险，进而可以在比较稳定的市场价格、信息条件下合理安排生产的（避险）工具。
3、土地国家所有制是指国家依法对国有土地享有占有、使用、收益和处分的权利。
国有土地属于（国家）所有，由（国务院）代表国家行使。
4、一般来说，能够物化成商品的农业科技成果可以通过（市场）机制得到解决，而具有基础性、公益性或公共产品性的科研和推广则应由（政府）通过公共资金来支持。
5、在市场经济条件下，政府要实现由过去的行政（管理）型向（公共）服务型转变，强化政府在农业信息服务中的主导、组织、协调、人员培训以及创造良好环境的职能。
6、家庭成员具有利益目标的认同感，使得农业家庭经营的（管理）成本最小，劳动（激励）多样。
7、古典契约和新古典契约都是商品契约，而（关系型）契约已经不纯粹是商品契约，他涉及到更为复杂的（要素）产权关系。
8、食品质量安全的（公共）品和市场上信息不对称等特性，提出了（政府）对提高食品质量安全负有不可推卸的责任。
9、可持续农业必须既能使农业生态系统的物质、能量资源得到充分开发利用，以适应经济增长和社会进步的需要，又不（超越）农业生态系统自我调节机制所能承载阀限，维护系统的（动态）平衡和持续生产力，在经济增长的同时生态系统能够自我调节，自我修复，相互促进，良性循环。
10、目前，我国农村集体经济组织实行（家庭承包）经营为基础、（统分）结合的双层经营体制。
二、名词解释（每题5分，共40分）1、农业产业化经营同20132、食品质量安全食品质量安全有绝对性与相对性之分，绝对安全性是指确保不可能因食用某种食物而危及健康或造成伤害的一种承诺，也就是食物绝对没有风险。
海大水产养殖复习资料及13年真题分解
真题如下：接下来是复试大纲细胞生物学考试性质《细胞生物学》是中国海洋大学水生生物学专业及动物学专业硕士研究生入学复试考试的专业基础课程。
考试目标本考试大纲的制定力求反映水生生物学及动物学硕士研究生对生物科学基础知识掌握的情况，测评考生的基本知识素质和综合能力，具体考察考生对细胞生物学基础理论的掌握与运用，反映考生分析问题与解决问题能力。
本考试旨在三个层次上测试考生对细胞生物学基本概念、基础理论知识及相关研究方法的掌握程度和运用能力。
三个层次的基本要求分别为：1、基本概念：对细胞生物学相关名词的理解。
2、基础理论：对细胞生物学基础理论知识掌握情况来反映考生对基本生命规律的认识。
3、综合运用：基于细胞生物学的理论知识及研究方法开展相关某一生命活动的综合分析。
考试形式和试卷结构1、试卷满分及考试时间本试卷满分为100分，考试时间为120分钟。
2、答题方式答题方式为闭卷、笔试。
试卷由试题和答题纸组成，所有题目的答案必须明确写在答题纸上。
考生不得携带具有存储功能的计算器。
3、试卷结构名词概念的比例为20%，分值为20分；基础理论的比例为60%，分值为60分；综合分析的比例为20%，分值为20分。
考试内容1、细胞生物学的发展及细胞基本概念细胞生物学的产生与发展；现代细胞生物学的研究内容以及重点研究领域。
2、细胞研究方法细胞显微观察、成分分析及细胞培养的基本方法和原理。
3、结构细胞生物学细胞质膜、线粒体、叶绿体、内质网、高尔基体、溶酶体、微体、核糖体、细胞骨架及细胞核等主要细胞器的结构组成、起源特征及功能。
4、功能细胞生物学细胞能量转化、信息转导及基因表达调控的方式和主要物质变化以及细胞增殖、细胞衰老及凋亡的细胞特征、发生过程和功能细胞器的活动及作用。
水产养殖学综合考试考试性质《水产养殖学综合考试》是中国海洋大学水产养殖专业硕士研究生入学复试考试的专业基础课程。
考试形式和试卷结构1、试卷满分及考试时间：本试卷满分为100分，考试时间为120分钟。
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广东海洋大学
2015年攻读博士学位研究生招生考试试题考试科目（代码）名称：3101水产养殖学满分100分（所有答案写在答题纸上，写在试卷上不给分，答完后连同试卷一并交回。
）
一、概念题（45分，每题15分）
1、对虾类整个发育阶段及概念
2、鱼类人工繁殖中“卵子成熟”、“鱼已成熟”、“卵子过熟”、“排卵”和“产卵”的基本概念。
3、贝类的几种育苗方法及其概念。
二、试述池塘养鱼“八字精养法”的具体内容和相互关系。
（15分）
三、试分析我国鱼类资源开发利用面临的主要问题。
（12分）
四、试述虾、蟹的生长模式，蜕皮的影响因素、蜕皮的生物学意义。
（15分）
五、试分析我国对虾养殖业的历史、现状、存在的问题，可持续发展对策。
（13分）
1
3101水产养殖学。