中国能源统计年鉴2019：中国2018年能源平衡统计(实物量)(二)
城市能源平衡表编制探索
41CENTRAL ISSUE区域治理作者简介：曹寅雪，生于1986年，中级工程师，工学硕士，研究方向为节能咨询。
城市能源平衡表编制探索南京市节能评审中心 曹寅雪摘要：区域的能源平衡表是研究一个地区能源消费情况、流向的基础，本文提出了城市能源平衡表编制的主要方法，探索主要存在的问题及其解决对策。
围绕碳达峰、碳中和的各项工作正在紧锣密鼓地展开，而摸清本地区碳排放现状就成了当下的首要任务。
能源平衡表作为反映一个地区能源系统流向的基础工具，是分析地区碳排放现状的重要手段。
通过能源平衡表的数据，可以进一步分析一个地区的能源消费结构、行业能源消费结构、能源加工转化水平、能源利用水平等，从而发现节能减碳的具体方向。
关键词：能源平衡表；编制方法；常见问题中图分类号：P754.1文献标识码：A文章编号：2096-4595（2020）28-0041-0001目前，根据我国的各级能源核算制度，国家和省级都通过编制对应的《能源平衡表》匡算总体的能源情况，而对市一级而言，全面、准确采集能源的输入输出数据较为困难，本文试着探索市一级能源平衡表的编制。
一、能源平衡表的构成能源平衡表全面反映一定时期内一个地区的能源供应、加工转换、终端利用的能源流程，以及各种能源在各流程中的转化和流向的关系。
其主栏表现的就是能源流向和经济活动的关系，而宾栏则是平衡表所包括的各能源品种。
以原煤为例，在第一矩阵“可供本地区消费的能源量”中，反映了其通过本地生产、地区间调入、进口等途径增加的可供消费的能源数量，扣除地区调出、出口、库存增加等途径减少的量，各项之和得到该地区可供消费的能源数量。
第二矩阵“能源加工转换”则反映了煤炭在火力发电、供热等环节中的投入量。
第四矩阵“终端消费”则是除掉“加工转换”环节外，各终端直接消费的数量，体现的是能源的终止。
二、能源平衡表的编制方法简述以能源平衡表的构成为出发点，编制方法从主栏的“经济活动流向”和“能源品种”对能源消费量数据进行编制，并对数据交叉进行核验。
火力发电厂碳排放测算方法和减排措施研究
火力发电厂碳排放测算方法和减排措施研究摘要：由于电力输送环节对碳排放的影响相对较小，因此当前对该环节考虑较少，但随电力跨区域输送不断增加，输送环节也应当引起注意。
本文主要分析火力发电厂碳排放测算方法和减排措施研究关键词：碳排放；火力发电；碳排放测算；碳减排分析引言电力行业是中国碳排放最多的行业，其碳排放量占全国碳排放总量的比重超过40%。
因此，我国碳排放控制应对电力行业重点关注。
研究我国电力碳排放的影响因素，解析各因素的贡献，能够为我国有效控制电力碳排放提供决策依据，对完成全国碳排放的控制目标也将具有重要意义。
1、数据来源与计算方法1.1数据来源电力生产量、电力消费量、火电生产量、用于火力发电的各种能源消耗量等能源数据来自2014—2017年《中国能源统计年鉴》。
《中国能源统计年鉴2014》对2000—2012年中国能源平衡表进行了修正，比之前出版的年鉴更具时效性。
GDP来自《中国统计年鉴2018》。
在省级层面，由于缺少香港、澳门、台湾及西藏的相关数据，因而研究对象为这4地之外的其他30个省、自治区、直辖市(总称为30个省份)。
1.2二氧化碳核算方法本文所称电力碳排放，指电力生产过程中发电机组排放的二氧化碳量。
水电、风电等可再生电力和核电(统称为非化石电力)生产环节的碳排放均视为0，因此电力碳排放即火力发电过程中的碳排放。
根据联合国政府间气候变化专门委员会发布的国家温室气体清单指南，核算方法如下。
C=ΣEiUi式中C为电力碳排放量;Ei为用于火力发电的第i种能源的消耗量(实物量)，来自能源统计年鉴中的能源平衡表;Ui为第i种能源的二氧化碳排放系数。
1.3LMDI分解模型LMDI法具有分解无残差、适用性强、结果易于解释等优势，已成为应用最广的指数分解方法。
LMDI分解模型的同时还指出，在分解总量指标时，加法LMDI模型为优选方法。
因此，本文选用该模型对我国电力碳排放量进行分解，涉及7个影响因素。
Ei为火力发电第i种能源的消耗量(标准量);E为火力发电的能源消费总量(标准量);P为火力发电量;Q为电力生产总量;F为电力终端消费量;G为GDP，折算为2005年不变价;fi等于Ci与Ei之比，体现能源的碳排放系数;ei等于Ei与E之比，体现火力发电的能源结构;h等于E与P之比，体现火电能耗强度;p等于P与Q之比，体现电力结构;q等于Q与F之比，体现发用电比，在国家层面其值越大则电力损失占比越大;g等于F与G之比，体现用电强度;G体现经济规模。
能源统计报表表式
能源统计报表表式一综合年报表综合机关名称：能源平衡表实物量表 号：Ｐ３０３—１表 制表机关：国 家 统 计 局 文 号：国统字号说明：. 本表由各设区市统计局根据现有资料加工编制并负责报送;第一部分“可供本地区消费的能源量”免报;.本表的统计范围为辖区内除军队系统以外的全部能源生产和消费活动; . .平衡关系：列平衡关系：煤炭合计；石油合计;行平衡关系：平衡差额12-21-23；消费量合计加工转换的投入量加工转换部分的全部负值求和后取绝对值；可供本地区消费的能源量；加工转换投入产出；终端消费量；≥；≥；≥；第二产业；≥；第三产业；生活消费;.报送时间为月底前,报送方式为电子邮件;说明：.本表由表乘以折标准煤系数生成,由各设区市统计局负责报送;.平衡关系：列关系：合计当量值合计等价值上述两式不适用第行消费合计;行关系：平衡差额12-21-23； 可供本地区消费的能源量；加工转换投入产出；终端消费量；≥；≥；≥；第二产业；≥；第三产业；生活消费;行至列的消费量合计加工转换的投入量加工转换部分的全部负值求和后取绝对值； 行、列的消费量合计加工转换投入产出损失量终端消费量能源平衡表标准量２００ 年表 号：Ｐ３０３—４表 制表机关：国 家 统 计 局 文 号：国统字号 有效期至：２００年６月能源加工转换损失包括发电、供热损失行列的单元数值能源加工转换损失等价值损失,发电、供热没有损失行列的单元数值 .报送时间为月底前,报送方式为电子邮件;主要能源消费与库存表 号：Ｐ １ ０ ９ 表 制表机关：国 家 统 计 局文 号：国统字号综合机关名称： ２００ 年 有效期至：２００年６月说明：. 本表由省直有关部门报送;. 统计范围为全省铁路、民航、公路、水路运输企业及石油经营企业;不包括部门所管理的工业、建筑业等企业及行政、事业单位; . 报送时间为月底前,报送方式为邮寄报表;二综合定报表综合机关名称：单位、工业增加值能耗２００ 年半年、年报表 号：Ｐ ４ ０ ６ 表制表机关：国 家 统 计 局 文 号：国统字号 有效期至：２００年１月说明：.本表由各设区市统计局报送;、半年报只填报带“”指标;.年报报送时间为月底前；半年报报送时间为月日前,报送方式为电子邮件;三基层年报表重点耗能工业企业能源生产、购进、销售与库存量表号：表制表机关：江西省统计局企业法人代码□□□□□□□□—□２００年文号：赣统字号批准机关：国家统计局批准文号：国统字号企业详细名称：有效期至：年月能源名称计量代码生产量购进量销售量年末库存单位省外购进国外进口销往省外出口国外甲乙丙原煤吨洗精煤吨其他洗煤吨煤制品吨型煤吨水煤浆吨煤粉吨焦炭吨其他焦化产品吨焦炉煤气万立方米高炉煤气万立方米其他煤气万立方米天然气万立方米液化天然气吨原油吨汽油吨煤油吨柴油吨燃料油吨液化石油气吨炼厂干气吨其他石油制品吨热力百万千焦电力万千瓦时其他燃料吨标准煤煤矸石吨生物质能吨标准煤工业废料吨标准煤城市固体垃圾吨标准煤单位负责人：统计负责人：填表人：报出日期：年月日说明：.本表由各设区市统计报送分企业数据;.统计范围是辖区内规模以上且年综合能源消费量在吨标准煤以上或是有能源加工转换活动的工业法人企业; .报送时间为年后月日前,报送方式为电子邮件;．本表统计范围：季报：辖区内年主营业务收入万元及以上的法人工业企业；月报：年综合能源消费量在万吨标准煤及以上的规模以上工业企业填报;．报送时间：月季后日前,月免报;根据年报的企业名录增减情况上报年度数据,上报时间为月10日前;报送方式为电子邮件或联网直报;.主要逻辑审核关系：消费合计工业生产消费非工业生产消费；工业生产消费≥用于原材料；消费合计≥运输工具消费;.综合能源消费量的计算方法：非能源加工转换企业：综合能源消费量工业生产消费的能源合计回收利用合计表第列；能源加工转换企业：综合能源消费量工业生产消费的能源合计能源加工转换产出合计表第列回收利用合回收利用———————————————————————说明：.本表统计范围、报送时间和方式同表;.计算“能源加工转换产出”、“回收利用”指标使用的折算系数同表 .主要逻辑审核关系：工业生产消费量与表的工业生产消费量数字一致；加工转换投入合计火力发电投入供热投入原煤入洗投入炼焦投入炼油投入制气投入液化投入加工煤制品投入;企业法人代码□□□□□□□□—□ 企业详细名称：主要耗能工业企业 单位产品能源消耗情况２００ 年 １ — 月表 号：Ｐ ２ ０ ７ 表 制表机关：国 家 统 计 局 文 号：国统字号 有效期至：２００９年１月年 月 日说明：. 本表由各设区市统计局报送分企业数据;．本表统计范围：辖区内年综合能源消费量万吨标准煤及以上的规模以上法人工业企业;.报送时间和方式：月后日前报送, 月免报；报送方式为电子邮件或联网直报；.主要逻辑审核关系：指标值子项值母项值×单位换算系数吨钢可比能耗没有这种逻辑关系; .备注用于填写有关需要说明问题; 企业法人代码□□□□□□□□—□ 企业详细名称：工业企业水消费２００ 年半年、年报表 号：Ｐ ２ ０ ６ 表 制表机关：国 家 统 计 局 文 号：国统字号 单位负责人： 统计负责人： 填表人： 报出日期：２００ 年 月 日 说明：.本表统计范围：辖区内年主营业务收入万元及以上的法人工业企业;.本表由各设区市统计局报送分企业数据；.报送时间,年报为月日前,半年报为月15日前；报送方式为电子邮件;.主要逻辑审核关系：取水总量地表水地下水自来水管道供应的未经达标处理的水中水海水其他水;。
15电力能源平衡表(等价值)力能源平衡表(等价值)
182.97 270.52
625.75 925.17
-210.9
-722.55
-254.89
-871.72
598.27 598.27
2049.7 2049.7
589.87 589.87
2017.34 2017.34
787.05 8.57 8.57
592.95 583.64
2696.47 29.36 29.36
2031.47 1999.58
788.47 9.34 9.34
583.8 572.89
2696.54 31.94 31.94
1996.58 1959.27
9.31 85.48 14.47 26.78 44.23 100.05 61.05
39 -1.43 787.05
31.9 292.86
49.57 91.75 151.53 342.78 209.16 133.62
（四）生活消费
1. 城镇
2. 乡村
五、平衡差额（+、-）
六、消费量合计 注：从2011年起部分大 企业集团工业用电量包括
2012
2013
单位：（实 物量）万吨
（实物量）
（标准量） （实物量） （标准量）
187.35
641.87
198.6
679.21
123.37 274.88
422.67 941.75
-4.9
10.91 96.98 17.43 29.83 49.72 98.35 62.77 35.58
788.47
37.31 331.67
59.61 102.02 170.04 336.35 214.67 121.68
7-15 电力能源平衡表 （等价值）
国家能源统计口径清单
国家能源统计口径清单
能源消费总量是指一定地域内，国民经济各行业和居民家庭在一定时期消费的各种能源的总和。
包括：原煤、原油、天然气、水能、核能、风能、太阳能、地热能、生物质能等一次能源；一次能源通过加工转换产生的洗煤、焦炭、煤气、电力、热力、成品油等二次能源和同时产生的其他产品；其他化石能源、可再生能源和新能源。
其中水能、风能、太阳能、地热能、生物质能等可再生能源，是指人们通过一定技术手段获得的，并作为商品能源使用的部分。
能源消费总量是通过能源综合平衡统计核算，即编制能源平衡表的方法取得。
在核算过程中，一次能源、二次能源消费不能重复计算。
能源消费总量分为终端能源消费量、能源加工转换损失量和能源损失量三部分。
计算公式：能源消费总量=终端能源消费量+能源加工转换损失量+能源损失量。
在全国及各地区按年度编制能源平衡表后，于次年末发布在《中国能源统计年鉴》中。
中国能源统计年鉴2019：中国主要年份石油平衡统计(1980-2018)
项目
可供量 生产量 进口量 出口量(-) 年初年末库存差额
消费量 在消费量中: 1.农.林.牧.渔业 2.工业 3.建筑业 4.交通运输.仓储和邮政业 5.批发和零售业.住宿和餐饮业 6.其他 7.居民生活 在消费量中: (一)终端消费 工业 (二)中间消费(用于加工转换) 火力发电 供热 制气 炼油损失量 (三)损失量
1664.6 110.3 202.4
2015
55688.0 21455.6 39748.6 5128.2 -388.1 55960.2
1733.4 19718.0 3384.3 20663.1 615.7 3683.3 6162.2
52945.7 16739.7 2926.9 265.5 493.2
1203.2 9349.3 242.8 2863.6 333.9 1390.3 682.0
13676.3 7095.5 2230.0 1358.5 399.9 51.6 420.1 158.6 7.8
2000
22631.4 16300.0 9748.5 2172.1 -1245.0 22495.9
788.5 11248.5 840.6 6399.0 247.0 1635.9 1336.5
2168.2 87.6 -272.2
2016
57710.6 19968.5 44502.9 6382.9 -377.8 57692.9
1730.3 20382.5 3599.1 21146.1 584.9 3537.1 6712.8
54387.0 17100.2 3264.3 284.6 517.8 4.8 2457.2 41.6 17.7
1748.7 182.0 67.4
2013
中国能源统计年鉴2004年-2016年地区能源平衡表消费量合计统计表
地区能源平衡表：消费量合计煤合计原煤洗精煤其他洗煤型煤煤矸石序号省份年份(万吨)(万吨)(万吨)(万吨)(万吨)(万吨) 1北京20042939.642425.31505.958.15 3.41 1北京20053068.972605.37455.38.28 2.421北京20063055.672692.64338.548.0544.721北京20072984.672741.56227.329.1133.271北京20082747.732522.02223.948.8524.871北京20092664.72452.61214.859.3220.21北京20102634.622415.41220.52 6.4334.620.37 1北京20112365.532358.9813.1729.730.11 1北京20122269.892264.7914.3427.251北京20132019.232011.7112.34022.231北京20141736.541728.2510.050.0217.751北京20151165.181153.578.710.0317.081北京2016847.62841.810.02 1.16 6.222天津20043508.573025.25483.322天津20053801.453289.27512.182天津20063809.313226.55582.762天津20073926.73394.32532.382天津20083972.773485.24487.532天津20094119.653633.1486.552天津20104806.794362.1424.5116.87 3.3158.65 2天津20115261.54799431.128.11 3.2957.71 2天津20125298.124855.55419.9820.88 1.7164.08 2天津20135278.674832.5427.1817.62 1.3716.36 2天津20145027.284597.19403.1425.44 1.5114.71 2天津20154538.834172.65350.3914.11 1.6817.68 2天津20164230.163865.1529667.64 1.3715.9 3河北200417084.2616952.82370.14804.9785.153河北200520542.3919383.293366.941149.2586.453河北200621345.4219580.724426.211100.84115.463河北200724548.5122437.175454.861148.69112.23河北200824418.6222898.375493.19916.18174.223河北200926515.8124050.596933.33919.19279.663河北201027464.7226676.517183.47742.88278.3348.21 3河北201130791.7528747.198663.86818.29313.94379.83 3河北20123135930248.899246.91799.99241.13254.18 3河北201331663.2731346.689275.9227.24264.41233.81 3河北201429635.5429776.338122.52653.97204.38192.89 3河北201528943.1330140.467627.02172.91300.27307.97 3河北201628105.6528608.057112.78641.24270.58202.19 4山西200422432.6725352.36403.84736.7432.314山西200525681.4278508571.16863.1528.064山西200628351.2231255.9810498.75900.5634.044山西200729203.4832878.7912566.851890.285.164山西200828372.7132603.7211082.881778.65184.534山西200927761.9332207.7110354.691476.51148.584山西201029865.135315.1711523.581427.14139.852248.64 4山西201133478.6541395.5612436.121724.53167.682225.89 4山西201234551.1746049.512023.181782.28182.62208.75 4山西201336636.518118512704.871790.41158.521133.18 4山西201437587.4384055.812340.031728.76166.931328.7 4山西201537115.179799.5511265.521611.03135.461225.21 4山西201635621.0377492.0110935.82117.46124.971461.45内蒙古200411391.4411646.4875.51482.58102.175内蒙古200513921.8113910.211182.17598.41 1.385内蒙古200616188.88160901300.15757.229.015内蒙古200718531.5118560.731696.14870.4317.515内蒙古200822241.8422962.121712.11992.44229.845内蒙古200924047.324528.822105.261317.29303.375内蒙古201027004.0429657.12873.231639.97300.48613.55 5内蒙古201134683.5139528.363389.06641.77233.19921.77 5内蒙古201236620.4941421.53723.52431.01166.78645.58 5内蒙古201334915.7241475.154037.65401.2639.38694.28 5内蒙古201436465.9742741.244473.36381.8935.64984.46 5内蒙古201536499.7640474.133929.19305.2649.2786.43 5内蒙古201636675.3240491.873308.7497.3661.09781.06 6辽宁200411945.1811475.51618.99902.5413.756辽宁200513069.6712116.612059.37891.5 6.56辽宁200614211.3112860.492334.17975.5611.766辽宁200715224.3213339.142550.081151.99.866辽宁200815346.6613381.522713.141138.6811.86辽宁200916032.5214468.422924.111055.9411.356辽宁201016908.4315311.142926.591033.0731.74187.35 6辽宁201118053.616320.363142.791110.7737.2339.12 6辽宁201218218.8616474.023160.271108.138.77614.15 6辽宁201318132.77166943482.57474.0821.9529.35 6辽宁201418002.2716383.253441.05495.2925.22464.89 6辽宁201517336.3615387.243284.78563.6224.85440.86 6辽宁201616943.714806.82921.04714.337.15505.78 7吉林20045715.025432336.682.9410.697吉林20056802.486458.15419.67108.5213.027吉林20067548.837445.25359.4187.739.987吉林20077846.567935.75547.3582.6114.427吉林20088367.428371.34576.8660.4515.897吉林20098588.918896.59648.1468.1716.427吉林20109582.6610087.31712.8263.815.65 5.32 7吉林201111035.2911909.25861.35 4.8617.42 6.81 7吉林201211082.6712187.99825.37 5.0212.627.02 7吉林201310413.7410502.45728.94483.1511.7335.85 7吉林201410379.3410453.85677.49638.327.710.13 7吉林20159805.319698.71557.12430.86 6.647吉林20169416.849268.82426.62425.067.438黑龙江20047954.988949.8760.83372.88黑龙江20058559.7310050.95938.08526.918黑龙江20069025.0410425.961142.99626.878黑龙江20079852.6411316.611438.44776.4716.168黑龙江200811203.8712891.451822.12895.8431.258黑龙江200911050.1312926.132053.43888.132.18黑龙江201012219.1314983.072165.471220.928.21301.58 8黑龙江201113200.0316316.112024.131063.2917.94342.51 8黑龙江201213964.9217038.521908.5999.4923.551067.12 8黑龙江201313266.8115324.121675.38922.423.191192.03 8黑龙江201413595.5314632.221545.68891.4324.041034.43 8黑龙江201513432.8514592.211361.5732.1714.02629.95 8黑龙江201614034.3915267.95936.21805.2627.36567.35 9上海20045144.3240081125.687.01 3.689上海20055324.524128.731160.55 1.5333.719上海20065143.094033.331106.92 2.849上海20075259.534052.761201.03 5.749上海20085463.914269.671183.211.049上海20095305.174185.851108.0511.279上海20105875.524795.531059.59.8210.679上海20116141.954990.961123.867.5919.549上海20125703.224645.081032.76 6.4618.929上海20135681.194830.93821.81 4.1224.339上海20144895.784128.5742.09 2.522.699上海20154728.133860.25849.1918.699上海20164625.623814.74800.6710.2110江苏200413272.812917700.53117.888.9910江苏200516778.5715814.251242.8185.6418.4910江苏200618427.6817272.081455.17252.819.110江苏200719951.818415.631596.76566.4131.4710江苏200820736.7118974.31830.87651.3638.3210江苏200921003.0219465.222022.17516.2828.2310江苏201023100.4821748.682165.74380.1724.2856.05 10江苏201127363.8325464.952818.85320.8921.13239.49 10江苏201227762.3625402.23268.9371.4424.4631.49 10江苏201327946.0725333.913419.02350.2926.8711.59 10江苏201426912.6123995.623715.96388.3732.4410江苏201527209.1224189.363701.99411.6239.2910江苏201628048.1324894.913398.92734.5841.0511浙江20048368.1827091.8126.5711浙江20059680.89583.8596.93140.0211浙江200611334.4311240.8799.17 2.46114.3711浙江200713024.1212914.78115.247.04109.0311浙江200813040.9412840.17215.83 3.32106.0211浙江200913276.1613076.91221.13 5.74120.5211浙江201013949.8613592.67363.6510.17134.6235.24 11浙江20111477614382.45401 2.37151.5325.24 11浙江201214373.5213957.66420.61 1.52159.4227.34 11浙江201314161.2613730.13423.98 1.16162.1417.66 11浙江201413824.3713425.21400.270.65206.22 2.15 11浙江201513826.0713420.01406.280.55295.57 1.9 11浙江201613948.4913671.08261.4116.94332.77 2.2 12安徽20047904.067859687.9445462212安徽20058339.648500.41752.82771.4858012安徽20068830.529158.78732.07603.29500.712安徽20079783.749834939.29899.32446.2112安徽200811377.111368.21200.271139.1212安徽200912666.413029.11175.361430.1212安徽201013375.713706.451262.741738.7613.11247.23 12安徽201114538.3115050.831286.852013.8419.99195.97 12安徽201214704.2517058.291280.93348.9917.55314.51 12安徽201315665.0818310.541381.87322.0919.41336.9 12安徽201415786.9818599.461446.49421.8117.82403.12 12安徽201515671.3218234.631421.46413.0416.37386.87 12安徽201615728.6817618.931341.32524.83158.6419.07 13福建20043806.123718.581.4 6.213福建20054857.134733.76127.727.4413福建20065395.085256.34120.57 4.0248.5313福建20076117.156013.64117.34 3.4781.913福建20086595.886431128.12 1.3580.2113福建20097109.256898.14152.57086.2613福建20107026.246805.98195.850.8798.5134.67 13福建20118713.758566.19198.180.7119.123 13福建20128484.878252.66255.09 1.1329.7913福建20138078.647905.19217.57 1.1526.2713福建20148198.37970.51264.95 3.673013福建20157659.947454.72247.59 1.9931.7613福建20166826.56668.88156.3763.173014江西20043943.913621.2530.18118.96202.0214江西20054242.93815.07611.9899.41249.6714江西20064592.264235.82641.98163.77247.9714江西20075169.994727.99735.01173.93224.7114江西20085267.454924.65704.77169.74226.7914江西20095356.114820.83862.54153.97224.3714江西20106246.245689.5935.78168.95222.6575.22 14江西20116988.416261.661090138.35158.2249.27 14江西20126801.856048.631115.24161.46166.5867.68 14江西20137254.696573.061138.01164.73177.8373.25 14江西20147477.316768.081202.67176.51183.4362.34 14江西20157698.246979.621137.14147.3999.8564.37 14江西20167617.596781.411036.86151.36100.6459.21 15山东200418270.0820856.31619.27824.0929.8115山东200525247.9128212.192260.11155.0431.0615山东200629001.2531409.813368.32758.32211.5615山东200731702.7834285.544175.031054.44196.5915山东200834389.6135061.664707.441564.85366.3415山东200934795.1736740.85105.861793.46470.0515山东201037327.8938490.245533.331813.73593.941079.63 15山东201138920.5340588.756190.462053.05656.71172.52 15山东201240232.841294.946303.633103.351059.17764.04 15山东201337683.4437751.956790.4902.091397.33892.11 15山东201439561.7338706.527151.1928.491414.27690.1 15山东201540926.9440502.436637.6936.651393.17686.08 15山东201640939.239871.196126.781451.081223.36639.72 16河南200414937.6416554.3866.57222.160.0416河南200518467.8920215.521031.55341.3822.5316河南200621002.8223752.931188.09305.685116河南200723170.4926570.571523.37244.8966.9216河南200823867.5227060.122032.11218.9560.8116河南200924445.4229411.422168.46220.767.516河南20102605029816.14395.11417.35103.5298.73 16河南201128373.8433389.594247.25552.95219.92402.32 16河南201225240.3230805.543121.62240.59192.84270.66 16河南201325058.1428113.014621.041896.4432.46305.2 16河南201424249.8826934.325031.541987.7443.91224.66 16河南201523719.9425808.484978.991658.4348.08255.27 16河南201623226.5225965.663504.052064.14375.81188.85 17湖北20048053.717375.2678.517湖北20058652.647689.66940.08 2.917湖北20069651.648587.781076.74 3.02 1.817湖北200710534.629306.91177.34 5.246.4417湖北200810196.088949.241165.75 5.7780.5617湖北200911099.759818.561198.86 4.5481.8717湖北201013470.0611899.261465.9536.4768.38171.93 17湖北201115805.3214065.81618.3649.2777.57157.2 17湖北201215799.3614165.191507.3246.0292.7156.26 17湖北201312166.7210466.211562.85§6.00113.2756.54 17湖北201411887.8310265.061512.1247.92110.3781.29 17湖北201511765.9110170.131490.6946.78120.3564.88 17湖北201611685.8810265.611253.29134.1191.2146.72 18湖南20046039.795650.3454.4127.8911.0918湖南20058739.298146.98782.3440.6268.7518湖南20069438.518843.64857.23116.51249.0318湖南200710277.399628.52959.51122.3258.2418湖南200810169.019012.74960.24118.72763.4418湖南200910751.419602.81106.14195.81795.6618湖南201011323.3310448.51216.54265.04611.8767.24 18湖南201113005.7512076.621556.29279.63691.8587.57 18湖南201212083.7111598.591256.97253.2541.6132.31 18湖南201311223.8410969.331268.77205.6426.66166.45 18湖南201410899.5110461.511248.42202.31471.49117.34 18湖南201511142.2610315.051260.43208.25517.43153.84 18湖南201611443.5310840.48913.97198.92553.99181.77 19广东20048790.248628.2161.8219.3531.2819广东20059942.379683.05230.0812.3534.2819广东200611125.9810776.02306.5213.58201.4219广东200712593.9712064.96264.9115.53404.7319广东200813298.1612661.63308.7316.43452.0119广东200913647.2612508.9696.2118.43472.9919广东201015983.6214488.431176.1518.43344.78307 19广东201118439.3717099.561015.5517.52329.83321.65 19广东201217633.9516303.91070.8 2.56326.04359.67 19广东201317106.7815967.26895.0422.15308.79459.44 19广东201417013.7115923.69921.8922.68313.5435.11 19广东201516587.3215473.23991.7624.7294.27363.27 19广东201616135.2915308.51678.7246.97330.55371.46 20广西20043366.713107.6253.05 4.35 1.7420广西20053733.993380.67350.42 2.730.1720广西20064172.863786.73376.23 2.810.320广西20074772.144368.95383.739.5712.7820广西20084676.334194.92463.7 6.3313.1720广西20095199.114667.54520.76 4.3414.9320广西20106206.825633.45575.85 5.4126.1217.81 20广西20117032.896390.04626.78 3.7312.34 4.75 20广西20127263.76645.06608.99 2.96 6.69 3.27 20广西20137344.116641.83702.160.06 3.7620广西20146796.516081.14709.12 1.988.4120广西20156046.715398.87673.63 2.45 5.10.97 20广西20166517.775839.51676.9220.59 4.5621海南2004477.34477.30.0521海南2005341.6341.621海南2006332.23327.93 4.321海南2007414.08411.65 2.4321海南2008471.95456.3610.9 4.6921海南2009536.89531.59 5.321海南2010647.2643.37 3.8321海南2011815.47815.440.0321海南2012930.62930.6221海南20131008.781008.7821海南20141018.31018.321海南20151071.921071.9221海南20161015.311015.3122重庆20042904.382850.3253.56187.12 5.3322重庆20053335.23226.74308.82236.817.8422重庆20063734.63703.91419.24197.147.6622重庆20074078.694152.36461.81205.92 5.4522重庆20085272.735483.17502.09246.4810.3722重庆20095781.726294.44509.99213.63 3.6722重庆20106396.96475.451100.03395.53 4.95608.02 22重庆20117189.257007.391350.44451.239.55540.83 22重庆20126749.856559.561331.24508.7414.33215.65 22重庆20135794.475815.481281.83212.0218.86225.57 22重庆20146095.785935.061439.52462.0922.41282.85 22重庆20156047.195882.181331.64536.1824.76190.05 22重庆20165674.376065.36186.34891.8318.38113.76 23四川20048188.688135.7990.11360.2223四川20057791.937552.431018.54260.8223四川20068532.718387.741143.1330.78-0.0123四川20079450.119640.751296.08493.88-0.0123四川200810727.4110904.621316.28504.9-0.0123四川200912147.3512128.691538.98819.6259.9223四川201011520.411505.961820.24867.5862.05209.33 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872.3220.7714.89 1.85 1.47 5.42727.32432.77 878.6622.521.39 4.210.27 3.05779.82508.22 854.9320.86342.3223.96 4.59919.12520.28 871.1323.98343.424.03 4.65940.66472.24 891.724.76340.2224.7612.161017.97555.96 839.8221.75339.1125.5413.661048.29725.75 1235.522.6318.9636.212021.483196.39 1992.5738.277.615.883279.653300.36 1714.0342.8661.9716.783444.233878.27 2593.4449.6335.0916.783685.064075.67 2611.935.5630.0554.973648.654626.97 2922.5734.3983.3766.854129.465142.9 3067.5851.29312.9 6.4884.284691.485593.4 3314.7765.72190.4520.0419.63114.275039.165826.37 3506.0570.28291.9825.4820.91115.135178.576271.5 3680.2970.92470.8931.5625.75114.83901.176766.01 3761.5178.32453.432.81 1.32129.243648.137815.9 3703.5574.8515.4339.48 4.1898.664042.328607.02 3718.3680.19562.239.3 5.12109.294361.210203.42 818.017.8975.1813.57825.48704.54 994.378.91110.9914.37902.12668.82 1192.2312.04105.21 3.27901.36696.57 1437.0516.6158.6857980.37713.83 1488.9828.83208.3720.191036.22704.22 1441.7431.07256.8633.361019.36785.82 1743.4461.92246.8 3.5996.1728.91334.16835.07 2052.6334.3229.6119.4836.841524.78874.63 2221.9326.44203.23 5.6291.8545.681692.61010.02 1817.4723.13264.268.4832.5165.491951.1963.57 2700.9432.44284.7911.939.9169.921978.04845.17 2843.5231.94286.9811.8445.9691.462100.77847.26 3045.954.63304.0112.9839.69127.342158.88707.29 560.3619.81 1.2620.471027.67754.01 685.4731.216 6.611252.95822.13 752.1322.524.7162.421387.95851.1 82027.6221.8533.821648.21910 952.2730.6632.5936.591807.53884.26 910.7634.951.644.961914.41946.61120.8339.58333.1518.248.1430.281760.321033.86 1172.7242.05360.0319.62 4.817.591851.581026.23 1113.8539.5338.7718.84 3.7412.961987.6947.74 1114.3938.47338.5819.54 3.78 4.392268.351176.72 1124.438.13330.6720.4149.142505.151290.87 1030.0137.8315.5320.290.5248.572551.161299.01 1095.3135.69316.2522.140.531.682529.391239.61 553.3710.897.578.1656.24615.79 756.5811.3126.3718.53858.04660.86 823.1212.8648.825.68908.45574.49 915.8914.382.6721.381017.12671.67 998.913.31150.4724.27935.91614.11 1011.9216.15165.7825.641042.19565.77 1089.1913.13173.0810.45 1.8824.651145.84587.6 851.6520.36188.139.94 2.124.431234.55766.03 1072.1314.79186.249.43 1.2825.761302.74926 1075.8214.91175.4510.890.0125.191520.2946.54 1040.2915.120.1524.091559.52801.03456.841.38 1145.0515.34181.9312.4424.341734.45878.46 960.519.56343.4511.8411844.2841.6 278.03 5.4669.35 2.74132.452391.35 300.16 4.3779.14 3.14968.122388.37 410.78 4.12106.53 3.385224.172805.71 460.97 3.19108.56 2.385354.82940.1 449.6 3.82114 6.6253513046.21 466.43 3.92114.289.785277.043709.44 485.97 6.487.49 3.6319.6511.585563.444455.31 552.13 6.94133.17 4.6418.2510.655462.214403.37 545.5 6.51182.857.9718.5511.255481.094511.51 585.02 5.9190.029.5521.469.845178.254729.48 558.05 6.4182.6311.5523.210.185319.574765.76 543.028.29175.9314.4229.067.085619.244899.6 782.4618.04263.8217.9421.437.065942.095044.45 344.16665.947.98526.8282.36 441.956132.2614.56621.697.71 451.2610.02103.32657.92118.21 520.4210.41107.9716.78152.98 580.0312.78124.88 4.13704.04133.3 627.8818.68153.9310.89769.79163.03 682.0716.26176.647.4328.647.25890.03396.02 740.2518.57149.917.4332.722.521018.841064.06 805.119.05175.99.2740.71 3.591131.751473 974.522.67237.0613.3137.56 1.27998.71296.13 1018.6525.2276.6618.0341.45 1.211109.341390.47 1000.1223.32267.6120.249.59 1.471227.61428.77 1120.9626.41266.7119.551.3825.811299.321340.433.51181.2413.871.61165.2611.4618.65218.31230.122.99280.13816.2814.88331.14796.8317.76362.58835.680.05391.3859.170.02402.44915.190.05410.1930.810.04387.49737.650.04418.82942.52453.061116.11448.561118.66 191.420.69 3.11 2.77264.40.48 3880.54 3.21 3.51284.38 2.86 329.150.59 4.79 3.51319.62 3.17 323.38 1.539.3810.6374.450.13 342.447.6163.0910.97409.680.02 334.17.4363.8610.33422.80.01 299.47 1.627.190.180.3816.26505.35377.79 1.7442.530.3319621.72503.7711.0492.88 3.20.3215.87636.5208.8212.499.88 3.0814.77706.16161.7 320.438.8183.56 2.2513.23704.330 269.918.368.78 2.788.52793.060 384.31 4.8744.11 1.87 5.18864.08813.32616.49114.99 894.54675.05140.81 1003.67-0.01-0.01-0.01832.54174.94 1144.050.824.78-0.01972.88239.95 1119.1-0.01-0.01-0.011134.57285.49 1121.991309.2315.68 1353.6433.09243.91 5.88 1.1227.221497.38351.76 1438.8536.29250.3310.21 1.4918.541824.5361.75 1562.8541.28252.4911.75 1.5766.091960.54351.47 1760.1350.28315.7215.070.91376.722395306.49 1863.8846.83318.8415.590.46449.432724.13865.4 1853.3141.36299.6614.58496.573029.06989.56 1636.3639.53308.1214.37465.353137.38902.77 269.069.11200.950 333.867.09237.420 477.057.83281.72486.0610.85 6.46367.25450.979.62 1.78 5.11431.15367.7911.52 3.4 5.78432.91380.4412.4755.03 2.11 1.77 6.12493.81402.8812.5167 2.73 2.027.23545.94382.2614.383.45 4.09 1.3727.65561.89423.4616.0177.22 4.29 2.5621.2658.16375.3113.1870.44 3.210.621.08683.030 310.4212.3953.09 3.530.0125.33842.40.02 253.4211.3355.85 4.44 4.3827.57944.740.02 1046.32 5.5922.828.04176.660.06 1223.368.8464.3617.62457.910.07 1252.017.8568.1819.82520.610.07 1377.397.86101.2816.37602.190.11 1331.4316.53106.3232.4656.570.06 1276.3317.94144.8625.63697.870.07 1231.2122.08141.71 4.650.2836.89899.110.06 880.2324.0436.96 2.40.5811.01970.642598.46 1338.8720.87192.41 6.87 1.2446.271069.870.02 1347.5720.36196.949.960.9562.45996.310.03。
基于能流图分析的黑龙江省新能源发展策略选择宋远
中国集体经济CHINACOLLECTIVE ECONOMY注：1.“煤制品”项目包括“洗精煤，其他洗煤，型煤，焦炭，焦炉煤气，其他煤气及其他焦化制品”项目；2.“油制品”项目包括“汽油，煤油，柴油，燃料油，液化石油气，炼厂干气和其他石油制品”项目。
图1黑龙江省2009年能流图基于能流图分析的黑龙江省新能源发展策略选择■宋远张博原煤50.81%原油9.12%天然气1.39%其他0.57%摘要：黑龙江省资源种类齐全，尤其是大庆油田、东部煤电基地等能源基地资源丰富，供给量足。
随着资源开发和节能减排要求提高，新能源发展日益紧迫。
为了保障能源的充足供应和环境、经济的可持续发展，有必要从能源供给、转换、消费等方面对黑龙江省能源平衡的全过程进行分析。
文章首先对2009年黑龙江省能源流向进行分析，根据黑龙江省发展可再生能源产业发展的资源优势及实践，分析了黑龙江省新能源产业发展制约因素，并提出相应的对策，对今后黑龙江省优化产业结构实现可持续发展有着重要意义。
关键词：黑龙江；能流图；能源流向；结构；可再生能源；对策一、综述黑龙江省能源资源禀赋比较好，能源品种较为齐全，是能源生产大省，同时又是能源消费较大省份。
与此同时，黑龙江省作为中国传统产业大省，是煤炭、石油、天然气等传统能源资源的消耗大户。
2011年全国能源消费总量为292028万吨标准煤（电热当量计算法），黑龙江省能源消费总量为16418.79万吨标准煤，占全国能源消费的5.7%。
黑龙江省新能源以风电为主，黑龙江省截止2012年8月份风电装机330万千瓦，但由于电网接入、风电消纳问题风电发展处于停滞状态。
（一）黑龙江省传统能源资源概述煤炭：黑龙江省煤炭资源丰富，保有储量224.5亿吨，约占东北三省的73%，且煤质适于发电，其中褐煤储量约100亿吨。
煤炭资源92%分布在东部的鹤岗、鸡西、双鸭山、七台河地区。
石油:黑龙江省石油资源丰富，已累计探明石油地质储量58.8亿吨，还有近38亿吨的剩余储量。
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28.28 348.32 348.32
844.84 63004.33
摘编自《中国能
中国2018年能源平衡统计(实物量)(二) 汽油(万吨) 煤油(万吨) 柴油(万吨)
-1229.44
-1055.98
-1792.79
燃料油(万吨) 石脑油(万吨)
685.51
665.88
44.54 1287.94 13.95 14246.73 -0.07
三.损失量 四.终端消费量
1.农.林.牧.渔业 2.工业
用作原料.材料 3.建筑业 4.交通运输.仓储和邮政业 5.批发和零售业.住宿和餐饮业 6.其他 7.居民
城镇 乡村 五.平衡差额 六.消费量合计
其他焦化产品
油品合计(万
63726.56 18932.42
原油(万吨)
63849.17 18932.42
14264.70 -17.90
412.65 529.66 1467.01 480.02 -51.26 4770.28
4770.28
71.12 17.88 1853.24 19.59 -8.95 18290.50 -26.35 -5.19
18360.10 -38.06
1665.62 605.65 1229.95 443.23 87.42 1519.49 -15.14 -59.53
-62612.43
1113.73 1113.73 454.94
-44.35 1310.16
28.82 58623.02 1724.93 18847.56 10367.92 3935.66 22729.22 599.00 3458.23 7328.42 5037.73 2290.69 1481.46 62245.10
3899.65 -2305.50
747.21
4.40
-76.93 4710.67 -5.74 -137.56
6025.52 -1171.56
13037.33 242.92 278.54 7.70 504.99 6067.62 275.50 2163.56 3504.20 2381.26 1122.95 -20.05 13055.30
33.51
10.81
0.16 217.07
9.48
52.86
-26.55 277.46
3.48
0.30
1.55 108.79
220.63 -3.56
279.45 -1.98
108.79
241.04
241.04 2 196.18
107.91
107.91 104.38
-1.12 244.60
摘编自《中国能源统计年鉴2019》
2155.91 1.28 308.01 37.90 31.83 1795.70 10.05 9.04
49.09 4536.07
5345.07 5345.07 5151.33
31.49 6659.92
润滑油(万吨) 石蜡(万吨)
22.86
-69.93
溶剂油(万吨)
4.73
6.61 202.91
5.61 107.91
项目
一.可供本地区消费的能源量 1.一次能源生产量 水电 核电 风电 2.进口量 3.境内飞机和轮船在境外的加油量 4.出口量(-) 5.境外飞机和轮船在境内的加油量(-) 6.库存增(-).减(+)量
二.加工转换投入(-)产出(+)量 1.火力发电 2.供热 3.煤炭洗选 4.炼焦 5.炼油及煤制油 油品再投入量(-) 6.制气 焦炭再投入量(-) 7.天然气液化 8.煤制品加工 9.回收能
3653.51 4.91 24.94 1.18 17.27 3462.53 15.47 103.81 24.59 0.42 24.17 60.80 3653.51
16339.96 1468.24 1189.87 30.09 543.37 11166.92 211.77 1107.45 652.34 297.27 355.07 157.75 16409.56
中国2018年能源平
1069.38
1265.18 -196.43 0.63
52941.08 1153.19 6614.57 942.84 -1742.72 -3593.26 -309.31 -590.17
8645.61 -11334.65 -4.73
46188.55 262.66 -1009.14 -62627.73 -15.30