词汇学简介及发展PPT课件

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英语词汇的起源和发展.

英语词汇的起源和发展.

1、英语的各种变体(据说有这样一件事:有一个欧洲国家的女王前往美国访问,到达芝加哥时,人们以接待君主的隆重的礼仪表示欢迎,一切顺利。

访问圆满结束,女王一行即将离开该市,芝加哥市长当然在场,在举行欢送仪式时,市长致颂辞,与会者倾听,市长热情洋溢,为表示友好,他说:The next time you come,bring the kids along.(下次来时把孩子带上。

)会场上的气氛突然发生惊人的变化。

有些人目瞪口呆,感到此语难以置信。

有人发出嗤笑声。

即使有王族在场,人们也忍不住要笑。

负责礼宾的人员个个面红耳赤。

美国人感到困窘,女王随行人员则颇为气愤。

怎么会发生这样举座震惊的场面呢?怎么会有人感到难以置信,有人感到好笑,有人会生气或发言呢?答案是:市长用了kids一词。

‘不能称君王的子女为kids(孩子),应称Princes(王子)或Princesses(公主)。

市长说的这句话相当于在中国对地位高的人说:“下次您老人家光临,带上您的丫头和小子。

”据说确有其事,但笔者无法核实。

此事可以说明:同样的话在不同的场合表示不同的意义或产生不同的效果。

语言学家指出,语言在不同社会中有不同的功能;即使在同一社会中,人们也使用同一语言的不同语体或变体。

一种语言的语音、语调、节奏、词语和习语的选择及用法等方面都会体现出地区差别,有时,甚至在句法上也有地区差别,但不常见。

汉语和英语(英国英语,美国英语、加拿大英语及澳大利亚英语)一样,也有地区差别。

如山西话、四川话和东北话在发音上就不一样。

山西人说“山西”的“山”字,n音不清晰,发音有点象法语的鼻音。

四川人把“解放军”一词中的“解”(jie)字读作nai,声调也有所不同,东北人则把“人”(ren)字读作yin等。

再举几个有地方特色的词语和说法为例:“滚水”(gun fu“开水”——晋中方言),“打牙祭”(表示“吃顿好饭”——四川万言),“老鼻子”(表示“多得很”——东北方言),“贼”(表示“很”、“非常”,如“那灯贼亮贼亮的”——东北方言)等。

词汇学(第一章)-PPT课件

词汇学(第一章)-PPT课件

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3. Native words and borrowed words 本族语词和外来语词
Native words / Angle-Saxon words
Words of Anglo-Saxon origin are native
words. They form the great majority of the
.
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Another important characteristic is that function words belong to a relatively small and permanent set of words, in comparison to content words. The total number of functional words is about 154. They are stable; they do not come and go with changing fashions and ideas.
basic word stock of the English language.
The basic word stock is the foundation of the
vocabulary accumulated over a number of
epochs. Most native words in modern
.
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What causes the differences between sound and form?
➢ 1) More morphemes than letters, ➢ 2) Stabilization of spelling, ➢ 3) Deliberate change of spelling by

词汇学PPT课件

词汇学PPT课件

Major Features of Words
1. A word is a sound or combination of sounds which we make voluntarily with out vocal equipment.
Major Features of Words
2. A word is symbolic and is used to stand for something else. In each language, sounds are used to represent objects, happenings, or ideas.
5. A word may consist of one or more morphemes. It can be broken down into smaller meaningful units.
Major Features of Words
6. Words are part of the large communication system we call language. A word is partly dependent for meaning upon its use in that larger context.
1. Definition of a Word
A word is a minimal free form of a language that has a given sound, meaning and syntactic function.(张维友)
Definition of a word
daydream
Mew-mew喵 喵
Naturalists
There is an intrinsic

词汇学第二章 The Development of the English Vocabulary ppt

词汇学第二章 The Development of the English Vocabulary  ppt

The Western Set
1. Hellenic希腊语族 Greek 2. Celtic凯尔特语族 Scotish苏格兰语 Irish爱尔兰语 Welsh威尔士 Breton布列塔尼语 Pictish皮克特语
Norwegian挪威语
Icelandic冰岛语
Danish丹麦语 Swedish瑞典语
Characteristics of Middle English
Middle English retained much few inflections. Endings of nouns and adjectives making distinction of number, case and often of gender lost their distinctive forms. The same is true of the verb. If we say that Old English was a language of full endings, Middle English was one of leveled endings.
• The language used by Shakespeare is early Modern English. Yes, even though it is 400 years old, it is modern! It is much easier to read than the Middle English used by writers such as Chaucer. And unless you are an expert, it is almost impossible to read Old English.

词汇学第一章 The Basic Concepts of Words and VocabularyPPT

词汇学第一章 The Basic Concepts of Words and VocabularyPPT

1.4 Sound and Form

Task 1 Say the following words by yourself.
cough
thought
though
thorough
tough
through
Question: why is there the disparity?


The international reason Changes Borrowings
1.3 Sound and Meaning

In how many languages do you know the name of the animal in this picture?

Task 1 Say the name of the animal in
as many languages as you can.
content words and which are functional words? denote never and run notion upon seven Christmas have would
1.5.3 Native words & borrowed words
Task

Guess whether the statements are true or false.
non-basic vocabulary
Not all the words of the basic word stock have these features.

Non-basic vocabulary include:

Terminology 专业术语 Jargon 行话 Slang 俚语 Argot 隐语 Dialectal words 方言词 Archaisms 古词语 Neologisms 新词语

1英语词汇概说ppt课件

1英语词汇概说ppt课件
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பைடு நூலகம்
实义词表示明确的含义或概念,它包括名 词(noun)、动词(verb)、形容词(adjective)、 副词(adverd)、数词(numeral)等。它表示 物体、现象、动作、品质、状态、程度和 数量等。实义词构成了英语词汇的绝大部 分,数量极大。
Content words (notional words) denote clear notions, including: nouns, verbs, ajectives, adverbs and numerals, which denote objects, phenomena, action, quality, state, degree and quantity.
基本词汇包括七个部分:(1)术语 (terminology);(2)行话(jargon);(3) 俚语(slang);(4)隐语或黑话(argot); (5)方言(dialectal words);(6)古语 (archaisms)和 (7)新语(neologism)
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(二)根据词的功能,英语词汇可以分 为实义词(content words)即“实词” 和功能词(function words)即“虚词”。
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词汇学 (lexicology) 是语言学 (linguistics) 的一个分支,它研究词的起源和意义。
Lexicology is a branch of linguistics, inquiring into the origins and meanings of words.
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英语词汇学(English lexicology)旨在研究英 语词汇的形态结构、语义结构、语义关系、历 史演变以及词的构成和用法等。这是一门理论 课。

词汇和词汇学

词汇和词汇学词汇和词汇学作为语言学中重要的一环,在检视我们语言的本质,研究语言的发展历史,以及探究语言的结构和运用特点方面,都发挥着不可忽视的作用。

语言是人类文明的标志,而词汇便是这一特性的重要内容之一,因而词汇学的研究在现代语言学中占据着重要地位。

词汇学的定义是解释语言词汇如何形成,如何发展,如何被使用来表达意义。

在词汇学研究中,人们探讨词汇认识,词汇习得,词汇分析,词汇掌握,词汇教学,以及词汇学理论,等等。

词汇学既是语言学得普遍性原理,又是解决有关语言的各种具体问题的重要工具。

词汇学的研究不仅有助于解释和理解语言的本质,同时也反映出语言学习和教学的方法。

词汇学的研究是从英语的词汇学开始的,以及其他欧洲语言的词汇学。

发展到近代语言学,词汇学已经发展成为一门独立的学科,并且不仅仅对欧洲语言产生了重要影响,也对全球语言有着重要的引领作用。

从古典语言学到跨语言和跨文化的研究,词汇学一直在研究和开发自己的知识体系,发展出不同的理论模型,以帮助人们更好地理解语言。

因此,词汇学的研究可以帮助我们掌握语言的本质,从而更好地理解语言学习与教学,同时也可以帮助我们更深入地探究语言的发展及其运用方面的特点。

词汇学有着复杂的理论框架,它是语言学研究中一门相当重要的学科。

其内容涉及词汇习得,词汇分析,词汇社会学理论,社会语言学及语义学等多个方面。

每一个研究的方面都有不同的理论模型,从而可以帮助我们更全面和深入地了解词汇的本质,以及它在语言发展及使用过程中发挥的作用。

词汇学的研究不仅仅是一种语言的研究,也展示了不同语言之间的联系。

研究者借助对词汇的研究,可以理解不同语言的异同,追溯语言的发展历史,以及探究语言文化之间的关系。

因此,词汇学的研究无论是从学术角度还是从语言文化角度,都有助于我们更好地理解词汇及其在语言发展过程中发挥的作用。

综上所述,词汇和词汇学都是语言学中重要的一环,它们发挥着不可忽视的作用。

无论是从学术角度还是从语言文化角度,词汇的研究都有助于我们认识语言的本质,深入探究语言的发展历史,以及更好地了解语言的结构和运用特点。

词汇学及相关学科.ppt

Grammatical knowledge allows us to generate sentences.
If we want to express meanings, we need to have a store of words that we can select from when we wish to express these meanings under the control of grammatical rules.
What is linguistics then? Linguistics is the scientific study of
languages.
Lecture 1
Connection of Lexicology with Other Branches of Linguistics
语言学的主要内容
A /bull-ˋcalf is a young bull.
2. With grammar
Vocabulary and grammar are organically related to one another.
In learning a language, attention to grammar is as important as attention to vocabulary.
语义学(semantics),分析语言单位和所指内 容之间的关系。
语用学(pragmatics),分析语言符号和使用者之 间的关系,如何通过语言符号表达语言符号所 表达的以及语言符号之外的意义。
The nature and domain of lexicology
Lexicology is a branch of linguistics, inquiring into the origins, meaning and uses of words.

词汇学课件.


• 讨论: • 支持此类表达的背后因素是什么? • 需要什么样的知识储备才能解释这样的问 题?
• ???
对外汉语绕不过去的词汇教学
有关汉语词汇的问题, 答疑解惑的最好老师:学术期刊网
• • • • • • •
本教材的使用设想 词汇学教材类型: 1.横向:不同语言之间的词汇关系研究 2.纵向:同一语言的词汇发展关系研究 3.理论层面的词汇研究 4.词汇学与其它领域的跨学科研究 5.词汇教学研究
• • • • • • • •
1.不同语言之间的词汇关系研究 涉及多语种的词汇异同比较 日语:化粧室 韩语:화장실 汉语:? 汉语:信件 日语:? 文字差异带来的问题
(手纸)
• 日汉比较词汇 • 秦礼君 • 中国科学技术大学出 版社
• 2.纵向:同一语言的词汇发展关系研究 • 古今词汇演变、差异/词汇发展史 • “是女子不好,烦大巫妪 为入报河伯,得 更求好女,后日送之。” ——《史记· 滑稽列传· 西门豹治邺》 扁鹊望桓候而走。 ——《韩非子· 喻老》
• 网上盛传的2013年十大网络流行语
这些是词吗?
土豪 小伙伴们 长发及腰 放弃治疗 不会再爱了 表 高端 无鞋 女汉子 上头条
这些是词吗?
• 囧 晕 屌丝 宅男 剩女 杯具 给力
这些是词吗?
猩 蛐 蝈 苜 牡 蘑 芫 柠 荸 茱 琵 蜈 骆 蚂
蓿 檬 荠 萸 琶 蚣 驼 荽

这些是词吗?
作为一个零部件自由拆卸组装
(意义虚灵的词) (意义实在的词)
• 2.单用 (单独作句法成分 法作用 。 • 吃饭。 谓语+宾语 • 吃饭了。 谓语+宾语+时态助词。
或单独起语
• • • • • • • • •

英语词汇学授课课件 PPT

development and growth.
A: Historical perspective历史的角度
❖ Development of English and its vocabulary: ❖ 1. Old English古英语/ Anglo-Saxon盎格鲁撒
克逊 (449-1100) ❖ England: Celtic(凯尔特语)/ 450AD,
pagoda 宝塔 ❖ German:zinc锌 ❖ Dutch:dock ❖ Russian: vodka, tsar沙皇
❖ 2. Exploration, colonization and trade---borrow from non-European language
❖ Australian: kangaroo ❖ Arabic: sugar, alcohol ❖ Indian: coolie, khaki ❖ Hebrew希伯来语: ❖ Chinese: yamen
❖ This definition emphasizes syntax(句法), but does not touch upon meaning.
Antoine Meillet
❖ “A word is defined by the association of a given sense with a given group of sounds capable of a given grammatical use.” (p.2, para.2 )
❖ The core of the language: Still English
Modern English(1500-present)
❖ 1. Renaissance: the study of the classics ❖ Latin loan words —science and abstract
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Course Objectives
• what is lexicology, word, linguistics • origin of words • word formation • history, structure, meaning and changes in meaning,
sense relation, application • basic differences between British English and American
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Course Discription
a, theoretically-oriented course It is chiefly concerned with the basic theory of words.
b, practical usage it will help us to enlarge the vocabulary and improve the ability to analyze and use English words. Without grammar, very little can be conveyed, without words, nothing can be conveyed.
• A, words B, alphabt C, lexicology, D, vocabulary
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lexicology
word
vocabulary
linguistics
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• What is vocabulary?
• Vocabulary refers to the total number of the words in a language. It also stands for all the words used in a particular historical period, of a given dialect or discipline, or possessed by a person.e Schedule
• 词汇学 第一讲\广东财经大学华商学院 2017-2018第二学期词汇学教学进度表 - 杨 舒涵.doc
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Suggestions
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How large is your lexicon?
• 1, In order to enlarge your reading comprehension, you need to enlarge your____.
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• What is linguistics?
• Generally speaking, linguistics is the scientific study of language. To be more exact, linguistics is “the study of human speech including the units, nature, structure, and modification of language.”
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• What is lexicology? • Lexicology: a branch of linguistics concerned with the study of the
vocabulary of a given language, dealing with words, their origin, development, history, structure, meaning and application. • The term lexicology was borrowed from the French word lexicologie, which contains two morphemes: one is Greek lexicon, meaning “ wordbook” or “vocabulary,” the other is French logie, meaning “ the study or science of.” So the literal meaning of the term is “ the science of words”
SAT Scholastic Assessment Test
English Lexicology
杨舒涵 / Alice
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An introduction to English Lexicology
pre-class discussion 1, What is lexicology? 2, How much do you know about the course? 3, What do you expect to learn from the course?
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How much is your vocabulary?
CET-4、CET-6 approximately 4500--6000
TEM-4、TEM-8 approximately 8000--12000
GRE approximately 12000 Graduate Record Examination
• Classifications: • (traditionally) phonetics, grammar and lexicology • (today) phonology, syntax, pragmatics, semantics, phonetics,
philology, lexicology, stylistics, general linguistics, descriptive linguistics, contrastive linguistics, comparative linguistics, sociolinguistics, psycholinguistics, applied linguistics, etc.
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