苏大生理学内部本科试卷

苏州大学2007~2008学年度第一学期护理、口腔医学、法医学、医学心理学、预防医学专业生理学双语期中考试试卷（A卷）2007，11Name：ID number for Study：Class:Score of Physiology：_______________PARTⅠExplanation:（10×3＝30 Points, Please Write Answers in English）1 Homeostasis:2 Active transport:3 Depolarization:4 Blood coagulation:5 Cardiac cycle:6Mean arterial pressure:7Effective refractory period (ERP):8Functional residual capacity:9Ventilation /perfusion ratio:10Digestion:PARTⅡSingle Choice:（15×1=15 Points, Please Make Your Answer in TABLE）1. 可兴奋细胞兴奋时，共有的特征是产生A.神经活动B.肌肉收缩C.腺体分泌D.反射活动E.动作电位2. 在强直收缩中，肌肉产生的动作电位A.发生叠加或总和B.不发生叠加或总和C.幅值变大D.幅值变小E.频率变低3. 神经细胞产生静息电位的大小接近于A.钠平衡电位B.钾平衡电位C.钠平衡电位和钾平衡电位之和D.钠平衡电位和钾平衡电位之差E.锋电位与超射值之差4. 在骨骼肌兴奋-收缩耦联过程中起关键作用的离子是A. Na+B. .Ca2+C.Cl-D. K+E.Mg2+5. 对红细胞生成的叙述，错误的是A.红细胞的主要成分是血红蛋白B.制造血红蛋白的主要原料是叶酸和维生素B12C.只有Fe2+才能被肠上皮细胞吸收D.促进红细胞生成素主要在肾合成E.雄激素可使红细胞数量增多6. 内源性凝血叙述，正确的A.由因子XII的激活开始B.所需时间较外源性凝血短C.不需要因子V参加D.不需要Ca2+参加E.不需要VIII参加7. 心室内压力达最高值在A.心房收缩期末B.等容收缩期末C.快速射血期D.等容舒张期末E.心室充盈期末8. 心室肌细胞动作电位平台期是下列哪能离子跨膜流动的综合结果?A. Na+内流，Cl-外流B. Na+外流，Cl-内流C. Ca2+内流，K+外流D. K+内流Ca2+外流E. Na+内流，K2+外流9. 心肌不会产生强直收缩的原因是A.心肌有自律性B.心肌呈“全或无”收缩C.心肌肌浆网不发达D.心肌对胞外Ca2+ 依赖性大E心肌的有效不应期特别长10. 血液在血管内流动时，血流阻力A.与血管的半径成正比B.与血管半径的立方成反比C.与血管半径的平方成正比D.与血管半径的四次方成反比E.与血管半径的平方成反比11. 当心迷走神经兴奋时，可使A.心率加快B.心房肌收缩缩力加强C.心室充盈血量增多D.房室传导速度加快E.左心室收缩压升高12. 肺通气的直接动力来自A.呼吸肌的舒缩B.肺舒缩运动C.肺内压与大气压之差D.胸廓的舒缩E.肺内压与胸内压之差13. 决定肺内气体交换方向的主要因素是A.气体分压差B.气体溶解度C.气体分子量D.呼吸膜通透性E.气体与血红蛋白亲和力14. 胆汁成分中，下列哪种是促进脂肪消化吸收最重要的成份?A.胆色素B.胆固醇C.胆盐D.卵磷脂E.碳酸氢盐15. 消化、吸收最主要的场所在A.口腔B.食道C.胃D.小肠E.大肠PARTⅢAnswer Questions:（55 Points, Please Answer Question1 in English, others in English or Chinese）1. What areregulative patterns of human physiological function and each characteristic?(15 points)2. What is the action potential and its forming mechanisms in nervous fiber or skeletal muscle? (10 Points)3. Describe the meaning for major components and intervals of ECG. (10 Points)4. How are pulmonary ventilation Influenced by the changes in blood PO2 ,PCO2 , and pH? (10 Points)5. What are the components of gastric secretion and respective functions?(10 Points)PhysiologicalMidsemester BilingualTest Paper (TypeA) fortheStudents ofNursing, Stomatology,ForensicMedicine,Medicopsychology andPhylaxiology,Year 07 To 08, First Semester, Soochow University, Nov. 2007[Answers and Standards]苏州大学2007~2008学年度第一学期护理、口腔医学、法医学、医学心理学、预防医学专业生理学双语期中考试试卷（A卷）2007，11[答案及评分标准]PARTⅠExplanation:（10×3＝30 Points, Please Write Answers in English）每题用英文回答正确得3分，每题用英文回答基本正确得2分，每题给出中文意思而中文解释正确得1.5分每题给出中文意思而解释不正确得1分，每题用英文出现拼写错误一次扣0.5分。

1 稳态homeostasisHomeostasis is the maintenance of a constant state with special reference to the internal medium.2 主动转运active transportThe movement of substances across the membrane occurs against the electrochemical gradient with the necessity of consumption of metabolic energy.3 去极化depolarizationThe change in membrane potential away from the resting potential and toward the sodium equilibrium.4 血液凝固blood coagulationThe coagulation system consists of cofactors and a series of zymogens which sequentially activate one another, leading to formation of fibrin at a site of vascular injury.5 心动周期cardiac cycleThe cardiac events that occur from the beginning of one heart beat to the beginning of the next are called a cardiac cycle . Cardiac cycle is composed of two periods: systole and diastole.6 平均动脉压mean arterial pressureThe mean arterial blood pressure is the pressure in the arteries, average over time.7 有效不应期effective refractory periodThe duration from the beginning of phase 0 to -60mV of repolarization fails to produce action potential to any stimulus, no matter how strong. This duration is called ERP. In the ERP, the excitability is almost zero.8 机能余气量functional residual capacityIt equals to the expiratory reserve volume plus the residual volume. This is the amount of air that remains in the lungs at the end of normal expiration (about 2300ml).9 通气-血流比ventilation /perfusion ratioThe ratio of pulmonary ventilation to pulmonary blood flow for the whole lung, at rest about 0.8 (4.2 L/min ventilation divided by 5.5 L/min blood flow).10 消化digestionDigestion is a process essential for the conversion of food into a small and simple form. PARTⅡSingle Choice:（15×1=15 Points, Please Make Your Answer in TABLE）PARTⅢAnswer Questions:（55 Points, Please Answer Question1 in English, others in English or Chinese）1. What areregulative patterns of human physiological function and each characteristic?(15 points)Regulative patterns: 6 points(1) nervous regulation [2`]; (2) humoral regulation [2`]; (3) autoregulation; [2`]. Each characteristic: 9 points(1) nervous regulation is rapid, temporal, accurate, sensitive, dominant and most important pattern, and it always depends on reflex activities to display function [4`].(2)humoral regulation is slow, persistent, extensive, torpent, subordinate and secondary important pattern, and it always counts on biological active material, e.g., hormone or enzyme release to show effect [3`].(3)autoregulation is independent of nervous and humoral factors, and its impact is small, local and limited but useful. [2`].2. What is the action potential and its forming mechanisms in nervous fiber or skeletal muscle? (10 Points)Definition:Action potential is a rapid, reversible, and conductive change of the membrane potential after the cell is stimulated. [2.5`]Forming mechanisms:(1) Reduction in membrane potential (depolarization) to "threshold" level leads to opening of Na+ channels, allowing Na+ to enter the cell. [1.5`](2) Interior becomes positive, reversed polarization [1.5`](3) The Na+ channels then close automatically followed by a period of inactivation.[1.5`](4) Next K+ channels open, K+ leaves the cell and the interior again becomes negative (repolarization). [1.5`](5) Na+- K+ ATPase serves as a pump to recover normal ionic distribution in or out the membrane. [1.5`]3. Describe the meaning for major components and intervals of ECG. (10 Points)P wave: atrial depolarization (2`);QRS complex: depolarization of ventricles (2`);T wave: repolarization of ventricles (2`);PR interval is the interval from the beginning of atrial activation to the beginning of ventricular activation (2`);QT interval is required for ventricular depolarization and repolarization. (1`);ST-segment: potential ofmyocardial cell in each part of ventricle is equal to each other and located at the platform period of AP (1`).4. How are pulmonary ventilation Influenced by the changes in blood PO2 ,PCO2 , and pH? (10 Points)Two groups of chemoreceptors, medullary (1`) and peripheral (1`), send afferent information to the medulla and influence the depth and frequency of respiration.(2`) Medullary chemoreceptors are sensitive to pH and increase ventilation when pH falls.(3`)Peripheral chemoreceptors are sensitive to pH↓, PO2↓ , and PCO2↑, with PCO2 being most effective to intensify pulmonary ventilation.(3`)5. What are the components of gastric secretion and respective functions?(10 Points)Stomach secretion are composed of four substances: hydrochloric acid, pepsin, mucus and intrinsic factor. (2`)(5)Hydrochloric acid is important because it kills bacteria contained within ingestedfood, begins the breakdown of proteins, converts the inactive pepsinogen into the active enzyme pepsin, helps Fe++, Ca++absorption in the small intestine and promotes secretion of pancreatic fluid, bile and Small intestinal juice. (2`)(6)Pepsin breaks down protein to absorb amino acid in the small intestine. (2`)(7)Mucus serves a lubricative role as well as a protective function against the causticeffects of the hydrochloric acid to gastric wall. (2`)(8)Intrinsic factor is required for the absorption of vitamin B12and is the onlystomach secretion that is essential. (2`)Dept. ofPhysiology, School of medicine, Soochow UniversityOct. 2007PhysiologicalMidsemester BilingualTest Paper (TypeB) fortheStudents ofNursing, Stomatology,ForensicMedicine,Medicopsychology andPhylaxiology,Year 07 To 08, First Semester, Soochow University, Nov. 2007苏州大学2007~2008学年度第一学期护理、口腔医学、法医学、医学心理学、预防医学专业生理学双语期中考试试卷（B卷）2007，11Name：ID number for Study：Class:Score of Physiology：_______________PARTⅠExplanation:（10×3＝30 Points, Please Write Answers in English）1 Negative feedback:2 Action potential:3 Facilitated diffusion:4 Blood group:5 Cardiac index:6 Central venous pressure:7 Compensatory pause:8 Alveolar ventilation:9Oxygen content:10Absorption:PARTⅡSingle Choice:（15×1=15 Points, Please Make Your Answer in TABLE）1. 下列关于刺激和反应的说法，哪项是错误的?A.有刺激必然产生反应B.产生反应时，必然接受了刺激C.阈刺激时，必然产生反应D.有刺激时，不一定产生反应E.有时反应随刺激强度加大而增强2. 在一般生理情况下，每分解一分子ATP，钠泵运转可使A.2个Na+移出膜外B. 2个K+移出膜外C. 2个Na+移出膜外，同时有2个K+移出膜内D. 3个Na+移出膜外，同时有2个K+移出膜内E. 3个Na+移出膜外，同时有3个K+移出膜内3. 下列哪项是具有局部兴奋特征的电信号?A.终板电位B.神经纤维动作电位C.神经干动作电位D.锋电位E.后电位4. 骨骼肌收缩时，随之不缩短的有A.肌小节B.暗带C.明带D.H带E.肌纤维5. 50Kg体重的正常人的体液量和血液量分别为A.40.0L和 4.0LB. 30.0L和 3.5L –4.0LC. 20.0L和4.0LD. 30.0L和2.5LE. 20.0L和2.5L6. 某人红细胞与B型血的血清凝集，而其血清与B型血的红细胞不凝集，其血型为A. A型B. B型C. AB型D. O型E. Rh型7. 心室容积达最大值在A.心房收缩期末B.等容收缩期末C.射血期D.等容舒张期末E.心室充盈期末8. 心室肌动作电位1期复极是由于下列哪种离子流动的结果?A. K+外流B. K+内流C.Na+内流D. Ca2+内流E. Cl-内流9. 房室延搁的生理意义A.使P波增宽B.使QRS波增宽C.使心室肌有效不应期延长D.使心室肌不会产生强直收缩E.使心房、心室不会产生收缩重叠10. 血流阻力主要来自A.毛细血管B.微静脉C.微动脉D.动脉E.大动脉11. 当心交感神经兴奋时，可使A.心率减慢B.心房肌收缩力降低C.心动周期延长D.房室传导速度加快E.左心室收缩压下降12. 肺通气的原动力来自A.呼吸肌的舒缩B.肺舒缩运动C.肺内压与大气压之差D.胸廓的舒缩E.肺内压与胸内压之差13. 氧解离曲线通常表示A.Hb氧容量与PO2关系的曲线B.Hb氧含量与PO2关系的曲线C.Hb氧饱和度与PO2关系的曲线D.O2在血液中溶解的量与PO2关系的曲线E.血中CO2含量与PO2关系的曲线14. 人体最重要的消化液是A.唾液B.胃液C.胆汁D.胰液E.小肠液15. 激活胃蛋白酶原的物质是A.肠激酶B.盐酸C.组织液D.胃泌素E.胰泌素PARTⅢAnswer Questions:（55 Points, Please Answer Question2 in English, others in English or Chinese）1.Describe the ways and characteristics of substance transport through the cellmembrane.(10 Points)2. What is the concept and basic steps of blood coagulation ? (15 Points)3. What iscardiac output and please describe some factors affecting the cardiac output. (10 Points)4. What is oxygen dissociation curveand please describe some factors influencing this curver. (10 Points)5.What are typical and common patterns of motility in different parts ofgastrointestinal tracts and each function? (10 Points)PhysiologicalMidsemester BilingualTest Paper (TypeB) fortheStudents ofNursing, Stomatology,ForensicMedicine,Medicopsychology andPhylaxiology,Year 07 To 08, First Semester, Soochow University, Nov. 2007[Answers and Standards]苏州大学2007~2008学年度第一学期护理、口腔医学、法医学、医学心理学、预防医学专业生理学双语期中考试试卷（B卷）2007，11[答案及评分标准]PARTⅠExplanation:（10×3＝30 Points, Please Write Answers in English）每题用英文回答正确得3分，每题用英文回答基本正确得2分，每题给出中文意思而中文解释正确得1.5分每题给出中文意思而解释不正确得1分，每题用英文出现拼写错误一次扣0.5分。