4月英语国家概况自考试题(1)
2020年4月全国英语国家概况自考试题及答案解析
全国2019年4月高等教育自学考试英语国家概况试题课程代码：00522全部题目用英文作答，否则不计分。
PART ONE (40 POINTS)I. Read the following unfinished statements or questions carefully. For each unfinishedstatement or question, four suggested answers marked A,B,C and D are given. Choose the one that you think best completes the statement or answers the question. Write the letter of the answer you have chosen in the corresponding space on the answer sheet.(40 points,1 point for each)1. British recorded history begins with the _____ invasion.A. RomanB. VikingC. Anglo-SaxonD. Norman2. The Authorized Version of the Bible (published in 1611) was made by _____ command.A. Edward IV’sB. James I’sC. Elizabeth I’sD. Henry V III’s3. In the United Kingdom, succession is founded on the _____ principle. Sons of the Sovereign have precedence over daughters in succeeding to the throne.A. ethicalB. obligationC. hereditaryD. public relations4. In the United Kingdom, ministers are appointed by the Queen on the recommendation of _____.A. the SpeakerB. the Lord ChancellorC. the Duke of EdinburghD. the Prime Minister5. The most important prehistoric monument of the Iberians was _____.A. Maiden Castle in WiltshireB. Stonehenge in WiltshireC. Avebury in WiltshireD. Leeds Castle in Kent6. The Royal National Eisteddfod is a(n) _____ festival of poetry, music and other arts.A. EnglishB. ScottishC. WelshD. Irish7. In England no females were allowed to vote in national elections before _____.A. 1918B. 1920C. 1928D. 19458. The English Civil War is generally regarded as the beginning of modern _____ history.A. EuropeanB. ScottishC. WelshD. world9. London’s Metropolitan Police Force is directly under the control of _____.A. the Home SecretaryB. the Lord ChancellorC. the Prime MinisterD. the Attorney General10. During the 1970s Britain began producing petroleum from wells in _____.1A. the Irish SeaB. the North SeaC. the Dover StraitsD. the Cambrians11. The two very important crops in Britain are _____.A. barley and cornB. wheat and riceC. barley and oatsD. wheat and barley12. In Britain, a _____ is held when a Member of Parliament dies, retires or resigns.A. civic electionB. by-electionC. popular electionD. general election13. What forms a natural boundary between Mexico and the United States?A. The Rio Grande River.B. The southern Rocky Mountains.C. The Colorado River.D. The Gulf of California.14. The financial, manufacturing and transportation center of the United States is _____.A. New YorkB. Washington D.C.C. PhiladelphiaD. Chicago15. One of the measures taken by the Roosevelt Administration in the New Deal was _____.A. to close down more banksB. to further loosen the control of financial institutionsC. to adopt a number of labor laws to raise the role of labor in the relations of productionD. to encourage farm production16. Most of the colleges and universities in the U.S. are located _____.A. in only 5 or 6 states along the Atlantic coastB. in the SouthC. in states with a large populationD. along the Atlantic and Pacific coasts17. Rock’n’ roll in the early 1960s in the United States was music for _____.A. teenagersB. black audienceC. white adult audienceD. people of all ages18. The major Hispanic groups in the United States are _____.A. the Mexicans and HaitiansB. the Puerto Ricans and CubansC. the Mexicans and the Puerto RicansD. the Mexicans, Puerto Ricans and Cubans19. Today, American people observe Veterans’ Day by _____.A. keeping two minutes of silence at 11∶00 A.M. on that dayB. holding veterans’ parades in their communitiesC. going to public cemeteries to pay tribute to war heroesD. going to churches for memorial services20. In the U.S., constitutional amendment can go into effect after it is approved by _____.A. a two-thirds vote of both housesB. three-fourths of the states2C. two-thirds of the statesD. half of the states21. When the president of the U.S. signs an act passed by Congress into law, it still can becancelled if _____.A. the lower federal court decides that it goes against previous lawsB. the Supreme Court decides that it goes against previous lawsC. the lower federal court decides it is unconstitutionalD. the Supreme Court decides it is unconstitutional22. President Nixon decided to resign because he _____.A. refused to hand over the White House tapes to courtB. was tired of political struggle in Washington D.C.C. came to see that most probably he would be impeachedD. was deserted by the Republican Party23. In the United States, the first largest immigration movement took place _____.A. right after the War of IndependenceB. in the mid-1810sC. at the turn of the 20th centuryD. right after the Civil War24. The following are the factors that have contributed to the development of the U.S. economyEXCEPT _____.A. the vast space and resources of the landB. the ideals of freedom and economic opportunityC. English as its national languageD. hard work by the people25. Although Australia has a large area, _____ of the continent is desert or semi-desert.A. one –thirdB. two-thirdsC. halfD. more than half26. The Great Barrier Reef is included on the World Heritage list because it has _____.A. the most beautiful seascape in the worldB. the greatest number of islands in the worldC. the most diverse and complex marine life in the worldD. the longest coast in the world27. The first major discoveries, made in _____ in the early 1850s, resulted in gold rushes in Australia.A. QueenslandB. South AustraliaC. Victoria and TasmaniaD. Victoria and New South Wales28. In Australia, the role of the Senate is _____.A. to review bills passed by the House of RepresentativesB. to introduce "money bills"C. to interpret the ConstitutionD. to remove the prime minister from office29. In Australia, the leader of the majority party or the coalition heads the government as _____.3A. premierB. prime ministerC. chief executiveD. governor-general30. Traditionally, Australia has relied heavily on migrants _____.A. to build up its labor forceB. to defend its countryC. to change its way of lifeD. to improve its living standards31. In each of the ten Canadian provinces, the Queen is represented by _____.A. the speakerB. the Lord High CommissionerC. the Lieutenant-governorD. the Attorney-General32. By the British North America Act, Canada was made a _____ in 1867.A. dominionB. sovereign nationC. colonyD. member of the Commonwealth of Nations33. Who opened the interior of Canada to French fur traders and later colonizers in 1535?A. Samuel de Champlain.B. Jacques Cartier.C. John Cabot.D. Henry Hudson.34. Canada is bounded on the west by _____.A. the Pacific OceanB. the Atlantic OceanC. the Indian OceanD. the Arctic Ocean35. The majority of French-speaking Canadians live in _____.A. New BrunswickB. OntarioC. QuebecD. Nova Scotia36. The Parliament of Canada is made up of all the following EXCEPT _____.A. the CrownB. the SenateC. the House of CommonsD. the National Assembly37. The largest river in Ireland is _____.A. the Liffey RiverB. the Dodder RiverC. the Shannon RiverD. Lough Derg38. In Ireland Fianna Fail and Fine Gael are both descended from _____.A. the Irish Labor PartyB. Sinn FeinC. IRAD. the Progressive Democrats39. New Zealand’s highest peak is _____ in the mountain range called the central Southern Alps.A. Mount NgauruhoeB. Mount TongariroC. Mount CookD. Mount Taranaki40.Which of the following about New Zealand is true?A. New Zealand is a republic.B. Queen Elizabeth II is represented in New Zealand by the Governor-General.C.New Zealand has a bicameral parliament.D.New Zealand has three major political parties.PART TWO (60 POINTS)II.Give a one-sentence answer to each of the following questions.Write your answer in the corresponding space on the answer sheet.(30 points,3 points for each)41.What is a "copyright" library in Britain?442.Why is December 26th called "Boxing Day" in Britain?43.What happened in London in 1952 when 4,000 people were left dead or dying? one of the two major mountain ranges in the United States.45.What are the causes of success for Asian-Americans?46.What is The Waste Land by T.S. Eliot considered?47.Who were the first British settlers in Canada?48.How do children in remote areas of Australia receive their education?49.What is largely responsible for the lack of extreme summer heat and winter cold in Ireland?50.What is New Zealand’s system of government?III. Explain each of the following terms in English. Write your answer in the corresponding space on the answer sheet in around 40 words.(20 points,5 points for each)51.The City of London52.Tomb of the Unknown Soldier53.Earl Warren54.MaoritangaIV.Write between 100-120 words on EITHER of the following topics in the corresponding space on the answer sheet.(10 points)55.Why is the United States called a nation of immigrants?56.What is the role of the Monarchy in the British government?5。
《英语国家概况》试卷1及答案
《英语国家概况》试卷1及答案I. Choose the correct answer from the options given: （20 points, 1 point each）1. Which of the following is NOT considered a characteristic of London ?A. The cultural centre.B. The business centre.C. The financial centre.D. The sports centre.2. Which of the following is NOT true about the characteristics of Britain ?A. Economic differences between north and south.B. Differences of social systems between Scotland and Wales.C. Class differences between a white-collar worker and a blue-collar worker.B. burned down the houses of Catholics’C. murdered individuals at randomD. carried out a series of bombing and shooting and attacked the security forces astheir main target5. Why did the British government decide to replace the Power-Sharing policy with“direct-rule” from London ?A. The Power-Sharing policy was not accepted by the majority of Protestants.B. The Northern Irish Parliament could not govern the province effectively.C. The Power-Sharing policy couldn’t be carried out.D. All the above.6. Which group of people can NOT vote in the general election ? A. Members in the House of Commons.B. Lords in the House of Lords.C. The major parties.D. The UK resident citizens of the Irish Republic.7. How many seats in the House of Commons should a party hold at least in order towin the election ?A. 651B. 326C. 626D. 3518. Which government lost a vote of no confidence and was forced to resign in 1979 ?A. The Conservative government.B. The Liberal government.C. The Labour government.D. The radical government.9. Which of the following books is written by Geoffrey Chaucer ?A. The Canterbury Tales.B. Beowulf.C. The Ulster Cycle.D. Morte D’Arthur.10. Among the following writers, who was NOT one of the great trio ?A. Ben Johnson.B. Geoffrey Chaucer.C. William Shakespeare.D. Christopher Marlowe.11. Which of the following was the most famous Scottish novelist ?A. D.H. Lawrence.B. Charles Dickens.C. Robert L. Stevenson.D. Walter Scott.12. Which of the following has nothing to do with Easter ?A. Rabbits.B. Haggis.C. Chicks.D. Eggs.13. Which of the following is true about the Guy Fawkes Night ?A. It is celebrated by Scottish people in November.B. It is celebrated by English people in November.C. It is celebrated by Scottish people in August.D. It is celebrated by English people in August.14. Which of the following is true about the Gunpowder Plot ?A. It was planned to kill the Protestant king and replace him with a Catholic king.B. It was planned to kill the Catholic king and replace him with a Protestant king.C. It was planned to kill King Billy and replace him with King James II.D. It was planned to kill King James II and replace him with King Billy. 15. Which of the following is true under Thatcher’s administration ?A. The proportion of owner-occupation decreased.B. Public housing became more important.C. Many public houses were sold to the people.D. The UK became more European-like in its housing arrangements.16. Which of the following about class system in the UK is NOT true ?A. People of different classes tend to read different kinds of newspaper.B. Class-division is only decided by people’s income.C. Though social advancement is possible, class affects a person’s life-chances.D. The way people speak identifies themselves to particular class.17. The British media have many important functions. Which of the following is anexception ?A. They supply people with news, keeping them informed about what is happening inthe world.B. They make huge profit by publishing advertisements.C. They promote culture and education.D. They provide entertainment.18. A free press is considered very important to the functioning of parliamentarydemocracy because _________.A. it plays a watchdog function, keeping an eye on the governmentB. it informs people about current affairs in the worldC. it provides people with subjective reportsD. it publishes short pamphlets for Parliament19. The state that had the first British settlement is __________.A. QueenslandB. New south WalesC. Western AustraliaD. Victoria20. The federal government and the state governments are formed by ________.A. the party chosen by the Governor-GeneralB. the party that has the most votesC. the party that has the majority of the House of RepresentativesD. the party that has the majority of the SenateII. True or false: (20 points, 1 point each) (A = T; B = F)21. London is not only the largest city in Britain, but also the largest in the world.22. The Tower of London, a historical sight, located in the centre of London, was builtby King Harold.23. Glasgow is the largest city in Scotland.24. British government offers the Queen high political status and supreme power.25. British government is both a parliamentary democracy and a constitutionalmonarchy.26. Britain has no written form of Constitution.27. In 1215, King Egbert united England under his rule.28. By the 1880s the British economy was dominant in the world.29. The UK economy is thought of as one of decline because Britain is poorer andproducing less than it was in 1945.30. In Britain, "Football hooligans" sometimes have violent clashes. 31. Attending the Grand National was an activity in Shakespeare's time.32. Football was invented by Scottish people.33. In Britain people can go to the open university without having any formaleducational qualifications.34. The University of Edinburgh is a privately funded university in Britain.35. The main government department such as the Foreign and Commonwealth Office alsoinvolves in making Britain's foreign policy.36. According to the author, Britain is a parliamentary democracy, so the government'sforeign policy in theory represents the desires of its electorate.37. Australia is the world’s smallest continent and largest island.38. Green and gold became the national colors formally in 1984. 39. The famous thermal region is on the North Island.40. In 1975, the Waitangi Tribunal was set up to receive complaints from Maoripeople and to address the mistakes made in the past by the European settlers.英语国家概况（1）试题答案第一卷I. Choose the best answer: (20 分，每小题 1 分)1. (A)2. (D)3. (C)4. (D)5.(B) 6. (A) 7. (B) 8. (B) 9. (C) 10.(A)11.(A) 12.(C) 13. (D) 14. (A) 15.(C) 16. (C) 17. (B) 18. (A) 19.(B) 20. (A)II. True or false: （20 分，每小题1 分）21.(B) 22.(B) 23.(A) 24.(B) 25.(A)26. (A) 27. (B) 28. (A) 29. (B) 30.(A)31.(B) 32.(B) 33.(A) 34.(B) 35.(A) 36. (A) 37.(A) 38. (A) 39.(A) 40. (A)第二卷I. Fill in the blanks: （22 分，每空2 分）1. (the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland)2. (overrule the parliament)3. (Prime Minister)4. (The National Health Service)5. (Football Association Cup)6. (Guy Fawkes Night)7. (the UN Security Council)8. (Reading news papers, listening to radio)9. (God Save the Queen)10. (the House of Representatives)11. (New Zealanders having European ancestry)II. Answer the following questions: （18 分，每题2 分）1. The Normans under William of Normandy conquered England.2. It consists of the Lords Spiritual and the Lords Temporal.3. They are Conservative party, Labor party and the Liberal Democrats.4. They are primary industries, secondary industries and tertiary industries.5. Because they hope their children can receive better education so that they can get intobetter universities or find a better job.6. It is influenced by its imperial history, its geopolitical traits and its relationship with theUS.7. It stands for the British Broadcasting Corporation.8. Because Britain needed new places to transform its criminals.9. They are Britain and other European countries and the US..III. Explain the following in English: (20 分，每小题4 分)1. They were two groups of Germanic peoples who settled down in England from the 5thcentury. They were regarded as the ancestors of the English and the founders ofEngland.2. It’s a statement put forward by an MP for the House of Commons to vote on saying that “This house no longer has confidence in the Government”. If the government loses a “vote of no confidence” it isforced to resign and call a general election.3. The Romantic Movement started at the end of the 18th century and the beginning of the19th century. The spirit of Romanism places emphasis on nature, originality, theemotional and personal. The great poets then are Keats, Shelley and Wordsworth.4. Comprehensive schools are the most popular secondary schools in Britain today. Suchschools admit children without reference to their academic abilities and provide a general education.5. The Commonwealth is a voluntary association of states which is made up of mostly offormer British colonies. It was set up as a forum for continued cooperation and as a sortof support network.。
2004年4月全国高等教育自学考试英语国家概况试题
全部题⽬⽤英⽂作答，否则不计分。
PART ONE （40 POINTS） I. Read the following unfinished statements or questions carefully. For each unfinished statement or question， four suggested answers marked A，B，C and D are given. Choose the one that you think best completes the statement or answers the question. Write the letter of the answer you have chosen in the corresponding space on the answer sheet.（40 points，1 point for each） 1. British recorded history begins with the _____ invasion.A. RomanB. VikingC. Anglo-SaxonD. Norman 2. The Authorized Version of the Bible （published in 1611） was made by _____ command.A. Edward IV‘sB. James I’sC. Elizabeth I‘sD. Henry V III’s 3. In the United Kingdom， succession is founded on the _____ principle. Sons of the Sovereign have precedence over daughters in succeeding to the throne.A. ethicalB. obligationC. hereditaryD. public relations 4. In the United Kingdom， ministers are appointed by the Queen on the recommendation of _____.A. the SpeakerB. the Lord ChancellorC. the Duke of EdinburghD. the Prime Minister 5. The most important prehistoric monument of the Iberians was _____.A. Maiden Castle in WiltshireB. Stonehenge in WiltshireC. Avebury in WiltshireD. Leeds Castle in Kent 6. The Royal National Eisteddfod is a（n） _____ festival of poetry， music and other arts.A. EnglishB. ScottishC. WelshD. Irish 7. In England no females were allowed to vote in national elections before _____.A. 1918B. 1920C. 1928D. 1945 8. The English Civil War is generally regarded as the beginning of modern _____ history.A. EuropeanB. ScottishC. WelshD. world 9. London‘s Metropolitan Police Force is directly under the control of _____.A. the Home SecretaryB. the Lord ChancellorC. the Prime MinisterD. the Attorney General 10. During the 1970s Britain began producing petroleum from wells in _____.A. the Irish SeaB. the North SeaC. the Dover StraitsD. the Cambrians 11. The two very important crops in Britain are _____.A. barley and cornB. wheat and riceC. barley and oatsD. wheat and barley 12. In Britain， a _____ is held when a Member of Parliament dies， retires or resigns.A. civic electionB. by-electionC. popular electionD. general election 13. What forms a natural boundary between Mexico and the United States A. The Rio Grande River. B. The southern Rocky Mountains. C. The Colorado River. D. The Gulf of California. 14. The financial， manufacturing and transportation center of the United States is _____.A. New YorkB. Washington D.C.C. PhiladelphiaD. Chicago 15. One of the measures taken by the Roosevelt Administration in the New Deal was _____. A. to close down more banks B. to further loosen the control of financial institutions C. to adopt a number of labor laws to raise the role of labor in the relations of production D. to encourage farm production 16. Most of the colleges and universities in the U.S. are located _____. A. in only 5 or 6 states along the Atlantic coast B. in the South C. in states with a large population D. along the Atlantic and Pacific coasts 17. Rock‘n’ roll in the early 1960s in the United States was music for _____.A. teenagersB. black audienceC. white adult audienceD. people of all ages 18. The major Hispanic groups in the United States are _____. A. the Mexicans and Haitians B. the Puerto Ricans and Cubans C. the Mexicans and the Puerto Ricans D. the Mexicans， Puerto Ricans and Cubans 19. Today， American people observe Veterans‘ Day by _____. A. keeping two minutes of silence at 11∶00 A.M. on that day B. holding veterans‘ parades in their communities C. going to public cemeteries to pay tribute to war heroes D. going to churches for memorial services 20. In the U.S.， constitutional amendment can go into effect after it is approved by _____. A. a two-thirds vote of both houses B. three-fourths of the states C. two-thirds of the states D. half of the states 21. When the president of the U.S. signs an act passed by Congress into law， it still can be cancelled if _____. A. the lower federal court decides that it goes against previous laws B. the Supreme Court decides that it goes against previous laws C. the lower federal court decides it is unconstitutional D. the Supreme Court decides it is unconstitutional 22. President Nixon decided to resign because he _____. A. refused to hand over the White House tapes to courtB. was tired of political struggle in Washington D.C. C. came to see that most probably he would be impeached D. was deserted by the Republican Party 23. In the United States， the first largest immigration movement took place _____. A. right after the War of Independence B. in the mid-1810s C. at the turn of the 20th century D. right after the Civil War 24. The following are the factors that have contributed to the development of the U.S. economy EXCEPT _____. A. the vast space and resources of the land B. the ideals of freedom and economic opportunity C. English as its national language D. hard work by the people 25. Although Australia has a large area， _____ of the continent is desert or semi-desert.A. one –thirdB. two-thirdsC. halfD. more than half 26. The Great Barrier Reef is included on the World Heritage list because it has _____. A. the most beautiful seascape in the world B. the greatest number of islands in the world C. the most diverse and complex marine life in the world D. the longest coast in the world 27. The first major discoveries， made in _____ in the early 1850s， resulted in gold rushes in Australia.A. QueenslandB. South AustraliaC. Victoria and TasmaniaD. Victoria and New South Wales 28. In Australia， the role of the Senate is _____. A. to review bills passed by the House of Representatives B. to introduce “money bills” C. to interpret the Constitution D. to remove the prime minister from office 29. In Australia， the leader of the majority party or the coalition heads the government as _____.A. premierB. prime ministerC. chief executiveD. governor-general 30. Traditionally， Australia has relied heavily on migrants _____.A. to build up its labor forceB. to defend its countryC. to change its way of lifeD. to improve its living standards 31. In each of the ten Canadian provinces， the Queen is represented by _____.A. the speakerB. the Lord High CommissionerC. the Lieutenant-governorD. the Attorney-General 32. By the British North America Act， Canada was made a _____ in 1867.A. dominionB. sovereign nationC. colonyD. member of the Commonwealth of Nations 33. Who opened the interior of Canada to French fur traders and later colonizers in 1535A. Samuel de Champlain.B. Jacques Cartier.C. John Cabot.D. Henry Hudson. 34. Canada is bounded on the west by _____.A. the Pacific OceanB. the Atlantic OceanC. the Indian OceanD. the Arctic Ocean 35. The majority of French-speaking Canadians live in _____.A. New BrunswickB. OntarioC. QuebecD. Nova Scotia 36. The Parliament of Canada is made up of all the following EXCEPT _____.A. the CrownB. the SenateC. the House of CommonsD. the National Assembly 37. The largest river in Ireland is _____.A. the Liffey RiverB. the Dodder RiverC. the Shannon RiverD. Lough Derg 38. In Ireland Fianna Fail and Fine Gael are both descended from _____.A. the Irish Labor PartyB. Sinn FeinC. IRAD. the Progressive Democrats 39. New Zealand‘s highest peak is _____ in the mountain range called the central Southern Alps.A. Mount NgauruhoeB. Mount TongariroC. Mount CookD. Mount Taranaki 40.Which of the following about New Zealand is true A. New Zealand is a republic. B. Queen Elizabeth II is represented in New Zealand by the Governor-General. C.New Zealand has a bicameral parliament. D.New Zealand has three major political parties. PART TWO （60 POINTS） II.Give a one-sentence answer to each of the following questions.Write your answer in the corresponding space on the answer sheet.（30 points，3 points for each） 41.What is a “copyright” library in Britain 42.Why is December 26th called “Boxing Day” in Britain 43.What happened in London in 1952 when 4，000 people were left dead or dying one of the two major mountain ranges in the United States. 45.What are the causes of success for Asian-Americans 46.What is The Waste Land by T.S. Eliot considered 47.Who were the first British settlers in Canada 48.How do children in remote areas of Australia receive their education 49.What is largely responsible for the lack of extreme summer heat and winter cold in Ireland 50.What is New Zealand‘s system of government III. Explain each of the following terms in English. Write your answer in the corresponding space on the answer sheet in around 40 words.（20 points，5 points for each） 51.The City of Lo n d o n / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 0 8 " > 0 0 5 2 . T o m b o f t h e U n k n o w n S o l d i e r / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 0 9 " > 0 0 5 3 . E a r l W a r r e n / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 1 0 " > 0 0 5 4 . M a o r i t a n g a / p >。
英语国家概况(1)(2)100问及答案
英语国家概况（1）（2）100问1. "British history has been a history of invasion". Please illustrate this point with the examples from the text. How did each of the invasions influence English culture ?2. What are some general characteristics of Scotland ?3. Describe Wales' unification with Great Britain.4. Are there any differences between England and Wales in terms of cultural tradition ?5. Why is Northern Ireland, according to the author, so significant in the United Kingdom? What is the political problem there?6. What are some of the factors in Irish and English history that affect the situation in Northern Ireland today?7. Different parties and groups in the United Kingdom have different solutions to the political problem in Northern Ireland. Please sum up their different attitudes.8. Has the author offered a solution to the political problem in Northern Ireland?9. What is the oldest institution of government?10. What is the name of the charter of liberty and political rights granted by King John in 1215?11. Do you think Elizabethan Drama occupies a significant position in British literature? Who is the most important figure in Elizabethan Drama? What are some of his major works?12. What do we call the group of important Parliamentarians?13. Which party forms the government and who becomes Prime Minister?14. What are some of the changes that have take place recently in the Chinese attitude towards sports? How do you account for these changes?15. For how many years is a general election held once in the UK?16. Who can stand for election as an MP?17. What are the three major parties? Which party is the party that spent most time in power?18. Which party does Tony Blair belong to?19. When was the British economy dominant in the world?20. By what time was the UK overtaken by other countries, such as the US and Germany?21. Which country does it refer to as "the Jewel in the Crown"? When did it gain its independence?22. What are some of the positive and negative effects of non-white immigrants on British society according to the author?23. What is the general situation of racial relations in the UK?24. Why is Geoffrey Chaucer, who wrote in Middle English, still read and studied today?25. When was the term "parliament" first used officially?26. The author says that "the media are central to British leisure culture", why does the author say so?27. What are some of the characteristics of British newspaper culture? In what way is it different from the United States?28. Is the British press free from the government control and censorship? What is the relationship between the British press and politics or business?29. How does the BBC operate? How is it different from American broadcasting systems?30. What are some of the features of Romantic Literature?31. What is Modernism? Can you illustrate your points with specific books as examples?32. What is Postmodernism? Can you illustrate your points with specific books as examples?33. How has the Christian church influenced British sports? Please pick up some examples from the text.34. What is the origin of football?35. How is the violence of "football hooligans" related to the British history of football?36. Why is cricket very English? Why does the author believe that cricket was associated with a set of English moral values?37. Christmas is the biggest and best-loved British holiday? How do the British celebrate thisholiday?38. How do the British celebrate the Queen's Birthday? What is the origin of this holiday?39. Bonfire Night is one truly English holiday. How and why do the English celebrate this holiday?40. How do the Protestants and Catholics celebrate their own holidays in Northern Ireland? What traditions are behind their celebrations?41. How is Hogmanay celebrated in Scotland? What other festivals are celebrated in Scotland?42. Which are the two most important and famous universities in Britain?43. What is the goal of education in the U.K.?44. Is the British education system run by the state or the private sector?45. Where do British universities receive their funds besides students tuition?46. Why does the author say that "the way the living arrangements of a society as a whole are organized tells us something about that society"?47. What are the four main types of home in Britain? How do they reflect the cost and status of homes? What are some of the major types of home in China?48. How are people in the UK divided into different classes?49. Is the class system similar with the United States?50. What and how did the British empire end? How did the British react to this reality?51. What are the foundations of Britain's foreign policy?52. How is Britain's foreign policy made? Does the government's foreign policy represent the desires of British citizens?53. Why does the author say that the decision to join the EC was and remains controversial in Britain?54. Why does the author think that Britain has the "special relationship" with the United States? Does this relationship still exist?55. What are some of the general characteristics of Australia in terms of land, people and culture?56. Discuss the climate in Australia. What are some of the major differences between Australia and China in terms of the climate?57. What are the six states of Australia? What are some of the major similarities or differences in terms of population, early settlement and economy in the six states?58. Can you point out some main differences between the Australian government system and the British government system?59. Discuss the Australian education system. What are some of the features in the system that are specifically Australian?60. What are some of the distinct features of New Zealand's geography? Find out similarities and differences in terms of geography between New Zealand and Australia.61. What are some of the similarities between New Zealand and Britain in the government system?62. How did modern development in Europe influence the settlement of North American colonies?63. What was the unique American phenomenon ? How did it come into being? Do you think it still exists in today's American society?64. In what way did Puritanism influence American culture?65. What are the two political parties in the United States? Do you think they are fundamentally different?66. What is the Bill of Rights? Do you think that it was necessary to write the Bill of Rights explicitly into the U.S. Constitution?67. Why did the Articles of Confederation fail? Was it necessary to change the Articles of Confederation and write a new constitution for the new nation of the United States at the time?68. What is a federal system? What are some of the major differences between a federal system and a confederation?69. What are some of the major powers of each of the three branches of the U.S. government? How are the three branches supposed to check and balance each other?70. It is known to all that buying and selling stocks is a risky business. Why do you think there are still so many people involved in it?71. What promotes the diversity in American religion?72. In what way do you think that religious freedom was a historical necessity in the United States?73. What is the relationship between government and religion in America?74. What are some of the features in religion that are particularly American? What are some of the major differences between American religion and religion in Europe?75. What is the main theme in American literature according to the author? How does the author illustrate his point?76. Why did Mark Twain win so many readers both at home and abroad?77. What are the major characteristics of education in America?78. What are some of the major themes in novels written by the "Lost Generation"?79. What is the goal of education in the United States? Discuss the similarities and differences in Great Britain, the United States and China concerning the goals of education.80. What does an American student learn?81. What were the major social movements of the 1960s? And what was the historical background of the social movements of that decade?82. The black political movement that began as a force for integration changed course in the mid-1960s and began to emphasize black uniqueness and even black separatism. What caused this transformation?83. Draw analogies between the black revolution and the women's movement. What common assumptions do they share?84. The author says that the United States was founded on the principle of human equality, but in practice the nation has fallen far short of that ideal. Illustrate this point with what you have learned from this book.85. What does poverty mean in the United States ? Why is poverty a social problem in America?86. Why does the author emphasize that the invention of one technology has to be supported by a number of related technologies which form a supporting system? Give examples.87. When are the American football matches held?88. Why did a musical form of black origin gain acceptance in all classes in America and spread throughout the country?89. What are the contributions made by Louis Armstrong to the early jazz music?90. Why Canada is regularly rated as having the best standard of living in the world?91.What is the distinct feature in Canadian modern literature?92. Discuss the similarities and differences in the government systems between the U.K. and Canada.93. What are some of the characteristics of the Canadian party system?94. What are some of the things that make Canada a unique and interesting country?95. How do you understand "multiculturalism"?96. Why do you think the author says that Canada has avoided the worst excesses of intolerance and prejudice?97. What is the Canada's Place in the World Economy?98. Do you think the Canadian government should subsidize the inefficient Canadian farmers or import foodstuff from neighbouring American states?99. Why is the idea of survival thought of as the central symbol of Canadian literature? What does cultural survival mean in Canadian literature?100. What are the major reasons for Canada's active role in international organizations? And how does Canada play its active role?外国语学院：曾倩英语国家概况（1）（2）问题库答案1. British history has been a history of invasions. Before the first century AD Britain was made up of many tribal kingdoms of Celtic people: a powerful culture originating in central Europe. Then in 43AD Britain was invaded by the Roman empire, and England and Wales (though not Scotland or Ireland) became a part of the Roman empire for nearly 400 years.Two more groups of invaders were to come after the English: from the late 8th century on, raiders from Scandinavia, the ferociou s Vikings, threatened Britain's shores….2. Scotland is the second largest of the four nations, both in population and in geographical area. It is also the most confident of its own identity because alone amongst the non-English components of the UK it has previously spent a substantial period of history as a unified state independent of the UK. Thus it is not a big leap for the Scottish to imagine themselves independent again.Physically, Scotland is the most rugged part of the UK, with areas of sparsely populated mountains and lakes in the north (The Highlands), and in the south (The Southern Uplands). Three-quarters of the population lives in the lowland zone which spans the country between these two highland areas. The largest city is Glasgow, in the west of this zone. Scotland's capital city is Edinburgh, on the east coast forty miles away from Glasgow. It is renowned for its beauty, and dominated by its great castle on a high rock in the centre of the city. Both cities have ancient and internationally respected universities dating from the 15th century.3. Wales was always under pressure from its English neighbours, particularly after the Norman conquest, when Norman barons set up castles and estates in Wales under the authority of the English Crown. Some brief campaigns are the only times in history when Wales has existed as a unified independent nation.4.Yes, there are. The close long-standing relationship means that modern Wales lacks some of the outward signs of difference which Scotland possesses—its legal system and its education system are exactly the same as in England. Often official statistics are given for "England and Wales". However, Wales is different, and one of the key markers of that difference is the Welsh language—the old British Celtic tongue which is still in daily use.5. Until 1921 the full name of the UK was "The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland", not only "Northern Ireland", because the whole island of Ireland was politically integrated with Great Britain, and had been since 1801, while Britain's domination of the Irish dated back centuries even before that date. But Irish desires for an independent Irish state were never lost, andone of the key issues in late nineteenth century British politics was a campaign in parliament for what was called "home-rule"—Irish political control of Irish affairs. The Home Rule Bill was finally passed in 1914, but the process was overtaken by the First World War and was suspended for the duration of the war.6. Along with the political campaign for home-rule there were groups who followed a more direct method of pursuing Irish independence, engaging in guerilla or terrorist activities against British institutions and the British military forces. During the First World War and immediately after, this activity increased, sometimes brutally suppressed by British forces.7. Margaret Thatcher's government did not give in to this demand for political status and 11 prisoners starved to death. This event revitalised the political campaign of Sinn Fein, the legal political party which supports the IRA's right to fight. Its leaders spoke of a twin campaign for union with Ireland, both political and military, which they called the policy of "The Bullet and the Ballot Box".8. The problem lay in the "commitment to peaceful methods" aspect of the possible talks. Province-wide elections are planned under a complex formula to ensure a wide range of representation on the body which will carry out these talks, in an attempt to give them legitimacy. Without the participation of Sinn Fein and the IRA it is hard to see them succeeding. Northern Ireland is poised on the brink—a new peaceful future, or a return to the violence that has claimed 3150 lives so far.9. The oldest institution of government is the Monarchy (rule by the king).10. It was a gang of feudal barons and the Church which opposed some of King John's (1199—1216) policies. This opposition was so powerful that the king finally granted them a charter of liberty and political rights, still known by its medieval Latin name of Magna Carta. Magna Carta placed some limits on the king's ability to abuse his royal power. This is still regarded as Britain's key expression of the rights of citizens against the Crown.11. Shakespeare is the most important figure at that time. He excels in each kind. The tragedies include Romeo and Juliet, Hamlet, Othello, King Lear, and Macbeth. Among the comedies are The Taming of the Shrew, A Midsummer Night's Dream, Twelfth Night, and The Tempest. His history plays, based on English history, include Richard III, Richard II, Henry IV, and Henry V.Julius Caesar and Antony and Cleopatra are tragedies on classical themes.12. The House of Commons.13. The party that wins most votes in general election and the leader of this winning party would become Prime Minister.14. They more and more like sports….15. For five years.16. Anyone who is eligible vote to can stand as an MP. It is necessary only to make a deposit of 500 pounds (a quite easily obtainable amount in the UK) which is lost if the candidate does not receive at least 5% of the vote.17. There are three major national parties: The Conservative party and the Labour party are the two biggest, and any general election is really about which of those two is going to govern. But there is a third important party, the Liberal Democrats, who usually receive up to about 20% of the votes: not enough to form a government, but enough to have a big impact on which of the other two parties does so. The Conservative Party spent most time in power18. Tony Blair belong to Labor Party.19. By the 1880s the British economy was dominant in the world, producing one third of the world's manufactured goods, half its coal and iron, half its cotton.20. But even by 1900 this was no longer the case, the UK having been overtaken by both the United States and Germany; and certainly from 1945 until the present, the story of the UK economy is usually thought of as one of decline.21. India, popularly known as "The Jewel in the Crown" of the British Empire, gained its independence in 1947.22. This has a number of consequences for British society, mainly positive, though with some indirect negative effects. On the positive side such immigrant groups bring their culture with them,which increases the variety and interest within British culture: for example, the UK, which used to have a bad reputation for food, now has a cuisine as varied as any, with Indian and Chinese restaurants in every community, as well as many other varieties in bigger cities. This variety in restaurant food has resulted in more experimentation at home, so that shops now carry a much wider variety of goods to supply the demand, and there are many TV programmes and books devoted to all kinds of different cooking. The negative side of things lies largely in the attitude of some of their white neighbours.23. While there is a growing ethnic minority middle-class, and many individual success stories, by most measures the immigrant population is worse-off economically speaking than the white population as a whole. Individuals from ethnic minorities are more likely to be unemployed; and they are under-represented in politics too, though there are now a number of black and Asian MPs. But there are also a number of small political parties in the UK with overtly racist policies.24. With the Norman Conquest in 1066 Britain entered the Middle Ages (1066—1485), and the language of the royal court became French. So literature of that period was written in French or Latin. But one work from these times often studied today by middle school and college students is The Canterbury Tales by Geoffrey Chaucer (1343—1400). He was the first court poet to write in English.25. The word "parliament" comes from the verb "to parley", that is, to discuss or talk. The term was first used officially in 1236 to describe the gathering of feudal barons and representatives from counties and towns which the king occasionally summoned if he wanted to raise money.26. On an average day, 90 per cent of Britons over the age of 15 read a national or local paper. And in the evening, most Britons settle down to watch some television: 96 percent of the population watch TV at least once a week, making it Britain's most popular leisure activity. The third most popular pastime, after watching telly and reading newspapers, is listening to the radio, an activity in which 73 per cent of the population engages in on a weekly basis. It is obvious, then, that the media are central to British leisure culture.27. British newspaper culture is unusual in the extent to which class and educational differences are reflected in the newspapers people read. In other developed countries like Japan and the United States, newspaper reading is a mainly middle-class habit, but in Britain the "lower classes" are also regular readers.28. While officially speaking the British press is "free" from government control and censorship and can print what it likes, there are limits to what will appear in the daily paper.29. The British Broadcasting Corporation - more familiarly known as the BBC or even "the Beeb" - is Britain's main public service broadcaster The BBC is funded by licence fees and viewers must buy a license each year for their TV set.30. Roughly the first third of the 19th century makes up English literature's romantic period. Writers of romantic literature are more concerned with imagination and feeling than with the power of reason, which marked the 18th century. Perhaps the rather violent and ugly world about them drove 19th-century writers to a literary refuge.31. Modernism in literature can be seen as a reaction against the nineteenth century forms discussed above, which can be thought of as assuming understanding between writer and reader, resulting in the simple communication of an agreed version of the "world". This approach to writing is known as "Realism." Instead, Modernist writers express the difficulty they see in understanding and communicating how the world works. Often, therefore, Modernist writing seems disorganized, hard to understand. It often portrays the action from the viewpoint of a single confused individual, rather than from the viewpoint of an all-knowing impersonal narrator outside the action….32. Postmodernists can be thought of as abandoning that search. Meaning does not exist outside of the human head, likewise it does not exist inside a book, waiting to be discovered, instead it is made in the process of reading a book, or of making sense of the world….33. Tennis was invented in Britain and it owes its origins, literally, to the Church. Church records indicate that by the mid-fifteenth century, people were making a game of bouncing a ball off the side of their local churches or cathedrals, first using the hand, and later a racquet. This was called "tenys". Such antics sometimes offended the clergy who complained that the dignity and tranquility of the church was shattered by such games, but they also illustrate how central the church was to community life.34. There are legends that suggest that games like football and rugby actually derived from the "sport" of ancient warriors celebrating victory by kicking around the decapitated head of an enemy.There is a similar grisly tale told about origins of bowling: it is said that in ancient times, Scottish warriors rolled the skulls of their enemies along the grass for sport.35. Today, violence is still associated with football. "Football hooligans", supporters of rival teams, sometimes clash before, during and after matches and occasionally run riot through the town, breaking windows and beating each other up. Some football fans paint their faces and sing or chant football songs and it is not too difficult to imagine their warrior-ancestors.36. As generations of public school boys grew up to become the civil servants and rulers of the UK and its colonies, cricket became associated with a set of moral values, in particular the idea of "fair play" which characterised British government. Sir Ian Bancroft, a high level civil servant in the 1980s, remembered that when he began his career in Whitehall, one day his government minister was so angry that he threw the telephone at him. Sir Ian said he knew exactly how to respond: "having played cricket I was able to catch it and hand it back to him politely."37. Yes. Nowadays, Christmas is celebrated by most Britons by exchanging gifts and Christmas cards, preparing holiday foods, and decorating homes and workplaces with coloured lights, Christmas trees and ornaments.38. One of Britain's most impressive and colourful festivals happens on the second Saturday in June when the Queen's Birthday is officially celebrated by "trooping the colour" around Buckingham Palace in London.39. The English do not celebrate their famous writers or battles or patron saints, although they have all these things. However, one truly English holiday is Bonfire Night—sometimes called Guy Fawkes Night—celebrated in the early autumn.40. Another festival which comes from the 17th century battles between Catholics and Protestants is the Protestant celebration of their victory at the Battle of the Boyne (12 July) in 1690. Northern Irish Catholics celebrate the birthday of the patron saint of Ireland, St Patrick, on March 17 each year.41. While most British people welcome the coming of the New Year with parties, in Scotland, New Year's Eve called Hogmanay (31 December)—is the major winter celebration, and overshadows Christmas (called Yule in Scotland) which is a very quiet affair. How Hogmanay iscelebrated varies throughout Scotland, but one widely practised custom is "first footing". There is a superstitious belief that the first person to cross the threshold of a household in the New Year can bring luck and prosperity: the appearance of a young, preferably dark haired and handsome man, is considered particularly lucky. First footers often bring a bottle of spirits, alcohol, a lump of coal or a peat as a gift and are given a "dram of whisky" as their reward.42. Cambridge University and Oxford University.43. The goal of British education is to socialize children.44. The British education system run by the state.45. In the UK, the amount of funding each university receives is based on its size, the number of students it teaches, and the research it conducts. So far, the UK has only one privately funded university, the University of Buckingham.46. For individual members of any society the home they live in is of great importance in their lives. The way the living arrangements of a society as a whole are organized tells us something about that society—its standard of living, its social and familial structure, the distribution of wealth in a society—both in terms of geography and social hierarchy—and even something about that society's values and dreams.47. There are, broadly speaking, four main types of home. The first kind are "flats" (or apartments), of varying size, often in modern multi-storey purpose-built buildings, though sometimes made by sub-dividing big old houses. Flats are often publicly owned. The second kind are "terraced" houses: that is, individual two-storey houses built joining on to each other at each side in a terrace or row. The second kind are "terraced" houses: that is, individual two-storey houses built joining on to each other at each side in a terrace o r row; the fourth one is “detached.”48. The British people are divided into classes economically, culturally, educationally and etc.49. What is distinctive about the British class-system, and which marks it as different from the American or Chinese social structure, is that it has also retained a hereditary aristocracy.50. Two world wars had seriously influenced its empire position. The end of the great British empire was surprisingly rapid. In 1946, Jordan, in the Middle East, was granted independence.The following year, India and Pakistan followed suit. In 1948, Burma and Ceylon (now Sri Lanka) were granted independence and left the Commonwealth as well, refusing to recognise the British monarch as the head of their new states. Throughout the next few decades, the process of decolonisation continued as other territories and possessions received their independence or were returned to their rightful rulers.51. The contemporary foreign policy of the UK is greatly influenced by its imperial history and also by its geopolitical traits. Perhaps the most important single factor which influences British policy-makers is its history.52. The Prime Minister and Cabinet decide on the general direction of Britain's foreign policy. The main government department involved is of course the Foreign and Commonwealth Office (FCO), but many other government ministries also play a part in formulating and executing the government's decisions.53. The decision to join the EEC was very controversial; and today, Britain's participation in the European Union, as it is now called, remains controversial. At the centre of the controversy is the fact that it is not clear what the European Union(EU) is and what it will become. The UK has always been very interested in encouraging free trade between countries and is therefore very supportive of the EU as a free trade area.However, the UK has always been less enthusiastic about giving up its national sovereignty (that is, its control over national decision-making) to a European government.54. Another major factor which influences British foreign policy is its relationship with the United States. This was quite natural, as the two were closely allied during World War II, and continued to work together closely in the post war years because they shared many of the same worries about the Soviet Union. Even today, in many respects British and American policy-makers agree generally on, for example, how the global economy should be managed, how a warlike state should be dealt with, issues about arms control and so on.55. Australia is the world's smallest continent and largest island, a relatively young nation established in an ancient land. Its development represents a triumph over remoteness and a harsh landscape…56. Australia is the driest inhabited continent and its rainfall varies extremely geographically and。
英语国家概况试题和答案1
英语国家概况试题和答案1I. Read the following unfinished statements or questions carefull y. For eachunfinished statement or question four suggested answers marked A, B, C andD are given. Choose the one you think best completes the statement s oranswers the question.1. The economic policy Britain pursued in the 1950s and 1960s w as based onthe theory of ____.A. Adam SmithB. John Maynard KeynesC. Margaret ThatcherD. Karl Marx2. In the 1970s Britain maintained the _____ growth rate and the _____inflation通货膨胀rate among the developed countries.A. lowest/lowestB. highest/highestC.lowest/highestD. highest/lowest3. Under Margaret Thatcher Britain experienced _______.A. economic recessionB. economic expansionC. economic declineD. economic depression4. In Britain service industries account for about ____ of its gross domestic product (GDP).国内生产总值A. one-thirdB. two-thirdsC. three-fifthsD. four-fifths5. The following are the reasons why British coal mining is tod ay called a"sick" industry except _____.A.Britain has used up almost all coal deposits 存款，定金B. the demand for British coal has declinedC. petroleum, water power, and electric power are replacing coal formany purposesD. the old British mines are narrow and deep, making it difficult t osue machines fro mining.6. Which of the following is not true of British iron and stee l industry?A. Britain's steel industry is declining.B. No more new discoveries of iron ore have been found in Britai n.C. Supplies of iron ore are now mostly foreign.D. Compared with newer plants in the world, Britain's steelworks arenot efficient.7. Rolls-Royce劳斯莱斯is world famous for _____.A. machine toolsB. household appliancesC.luxury automobiles 昂贵的汽车D. high-quality knives and hand tools8. Why is it that Britain today imports more clothing than i t exports?A. British clothing is of poor quality.B. Britain does not grow cotton.C.Many countries with lower costs can produce clothing more cheapl ythan the British can.D. Britain has a highly developed transportation system.9. The area between _____ and ______ is now often referred t o as the"Silicon Glen". 硅谷A. London/South WalesB. the Oxford/the CambridgeC. London/the CambridgeD.Glasgow格拉斯哥/Edinburgh 爱丁堡10. Which of the following is not true of Britain's agricultur e?A. British farming is highly mechanized.B. Agriculture in Britain is intensive.C. British farming is very efficient.D.Britain's agriculture can produce enough food for its people.11. Which area is called the Garden of England and is famousf or beautiful blossoms in spring?A. The county of Kent肯特英国东南部in southeastern England.B. The county of East Sussex in southern England.C. The county of West Sussex in southern England.D. The county of Essex in eastern England.12. Britain once imported chiefly _____ and exported mostly _____ _.A. manufactured products/raw materialsB.raw materials/manufactured products 工业产品C. foods/mineralsD. minerals/foods13. Britain's leading customers and suppliers are France, Germany and _____.A. JapanB. BelgiumC. the NetherlandsD.the United States14. Which of the following is not true of Britain's foreign tra de?A.The value of Britain's exports of goods usually exceeds the valu e ofits imports.B. The value of Britain's imports of goods usually exceeds 超出the value ofits exports.C. Manufactured goods now account for about 85% of British imports a ndabout 80% of its exports.D. Most of the United Kingdom's trade is with other developed countries,especially other members of the European union .15. The European union (EU) is an organization of 15 _____ t hat promotescooperation among its members.A. European countriesB. developed countriesC.Western European countriesD. Southern European countries16. Which of the following is not true of the European unionA.The United States is also a member of the EU.B. The members of the EU cooperate in many areas, including politic sand economics.C. The EU is a major economic unit.D. The combined value of the union 's imports and exports is great erthan that of any single country in the world.17. Headquarters of the European union are in ______.A. Paris, FranceB. London, BritainC. Berlin, GermanyD.Brussels,布鲁塞尔Belgium 比利时18. _____ started as a trading post of the Roman Empire about AD 43.A. The City of WestminsterB. The City of LondonC. West End of LondonD. East End of London19. Today, the City of London is the business center of Londo n where _____are located.A. big supermarketsB. theatres and cinemas/doc/5984f473dc3383c4bb4cf7ec4afe04a1 b171b095.html rge financial organizationsD. restaurants and cafes20. What is Lloyd'劳合社s?A. It is a famous bank.B. It is a big department store.C. It is a famous insurance company.D. It is a large hotel.1.B2.C3.B4.B5.A6.B7.C8.C9.D 10.D 11.A 12.B 13.D 14.A 15.C 16.A 17.D 18.B 19.C 20.CI. Read the following unfinished statements or questions careful ly. For eachunfinished statement or question four suggested answers marked A, B, C andD are given. Choose the one you think best completes the statement s oranswers the question.1. Traditional farming involved the open field village, a system that dated back to the ____century.A. 4thB. 5thC. 6thD. 7th2. Which of the following statements is NOT true?A.The open field system provided a good opportunity to experiment.B. The open field system wasted land.C. The open field system was wasteful of labor and time.D. The open field system made livestock farming difficult.3. Which of the following statements is NOT considered a charact eristic of farming in the late 18th and early 19th centuries?A. Use of artificial fertilizer.B. Introduction of new agricultural machinery.C.The 'Open-field' system.D. A system of crop rotation.4. Land enclosure圈地was a disaster for the ____evicted收回财产from their land by the enclosures.A. landlordsB.tenants 承租人C. farmersD. wage laborers5. In Ireland and Scottish Highlands land enclosure led to mass emigration, particularly to ____.A. AfricaB. Eastern EuropeC. AsiaD.The New World6. By the early 19th century, Britain had a road network of so me ____miles. 英里A. 115,000B. 120,000C. 125,000D. 130,0007. In England no females were allowed to vote in national elect ions before____.A. 1918B. 1920C. 1928D. 19458. In 1836 a group of ____and small shopkeepers formed the Lond on WorkingMen's Association.A. householdersB. tenantsC.skilled workersD. office workers9. The six points of the People's Charter人民宪章were achieved gradually over the period of ____, although the sixth has never b een practical. 可实施的A. 1836-1848B. 1842-1848C. 1848-1908D.1858-191810. Parliament passed the Combination Acts联盟行动of1799-1800 t o forbid the formation 形成of ____.A. a new governmentB. societiesC. communesD. union s11. The Labor Party劳动党had its origins in the ____, which wa s formed in January,1893.A.Independent Labor PartyB. Grand National Consolidated Trade unionC. Amalgamated Society of EngineersD. Trade union Congress12. Thanks to the militant feminist movement基金女权主义运动of the ____led by Mrs. Pankhurst before the First World War, votes were granted to women over 30 in 1918.A. LudditesB. Suffragettes 男女平等主义者C. ChartistsD. Levellers13. The spark of the First World War was struck at Sarajevo 萨拉热窝on June 28, ____, when the Austrian Crown Prince Franz Ferdina nd弗朗茨·费迪南德was assassinated by暗杀a Serbian nationalist. 塞尔维亚民族主义者A. 1913B.1914C. 1915D. 191614. As a result of the First World War settlement the ____was established in 1920.A.League of Nations国际联盟B. British CommonwealthC. British East India CompanyD. United Nations15. After World War I political unrest 不安in Britain led to __ __generalelections 大选in just over 5 years.A. 2B. 3C. 4D. 516. The Blitz闪电战radically根本上changed the face of London fo r the first time since ____nearly 3 centuries earlier.A. the Black DeathB. the Great FireC. the Civil WarD. the Great Plague17. The foundations of ____was laid in the late 1940s, providing free medical care for everyone and financial help for the old, th e sick and theunemployed.A. the welfare state 福利国家B. the National Health ServiceC. the compulsory educationD. the Women's Liberation Movement18. In the 1960s Pop music underwent a revolution when the Beat les becameworld famous and turned their hometown of ____into a place of pilgri mage. 圣地A. ManchesterB. BlackpoolC.Liverpool利物浦D. Sheffield19. The 1970s saw the growth of ___in Wales and Scotland.A. liberalismB. MarxismC. chauvinismD. nationalism20. Margaret Thatcher玛格丽特·撒切尔believed in the following exce pt____.A. self-relianceB.the strengthening of trade union s 公会C. privatizationD. the use of monetary policies to control inflation1.B2.A3.C4.B5.D6.C7. A8.C9. D 10.D 11.A 12.B 13.B 14.A 15.C 16.B 17.A 18.C 19.D 20.B1. There are some ____ universities, including the Open Universit y inBritain.B. 80C. 90D. 1002. Some _____ per cent of secondary schools in England are gran t-maintained(GM) self-governing schools.A. 10B. 15C. 20D. 253. The universities of Oxford and Cambridge date from the ____ centuries.A. 12th and 13thB. 13th and 14thC. 14th and 15thD. 15th and 16th4. Over ____ science parks have been set up by higher educatio n institutionsin conjunction with industrial scientists and technologists.A. 10B. 20C. 30D. 405. With about _____ daily and Sunday newspapers published nationw ide, theBritish public reads more newspapers than virtually any other countr y inthe world.B. 120C. 130D. 1406. The BBC World Service broadcasts international news worldwid e, usingEnglish and ____ other languages.A. 37B. 38C. 39D. 407. In summer there are open-air theatres, including one in Londo n's Regent'sPark, where ____ are performed, and the Minack Theatre, which is a n opencliffside near Land's End in Cornwall.A. William Shakespeare's playsB. Christopher Marlowe's playsC. Ben Johnson's playsD. George Bernard Shaw's plays8. Pantomime is a kind of play based on a traditional fairy ta le and per-formed ____.A. at EasterB. on New Year's DayC. on St. Patrick's DayD. at Christmas time9. Edinburgh International Festival of Music and Drama takes place for aperiod of 3 to 4 weeks between ____ when Edinburgh becomes a cente r ofcultural activity.A. July and AugustB. August and SeptemberC. September and OctoberD. October and November10. In ____ each year the National Film Theatre hosts the Londo n Film Fes-tival, at which some 250 new films from all over the world are scr eened.A. SeptemberB. OctoberC. NovemberD. December1. C2. B3. A4. D5. C6. B7. A8. D9. B 10. C1. The National Health Service was established in the United Kingdo m in_____.A. 1946B. 1947C. 1948D. 19492. Prescription charges do not apply to the following people exc ept ____.A. self-employed peopleB. child under 16C. war and armed forces disablement pensionersD. women aged 60 and over and men aged 65 and over3. NHS has suffered from under-funding in recent decades, as a result ofwhich many ______ people have been turning to private medical healt h care.A. working classB. elderlyC. educatedD. better-off4. Britain ahs about ______ million adults with one or more dis abilities, ofwhom around 7 percent live in communal establishments.A. 4B. 5C. 6D. 75. Most pregnant working women receive their statutory maternity pay directlyfrom their employer for a maximum of _____ weeks.A. 17B. 18C. 19D. 206. The Church of England is not free to change its form of wo rship, as laiddown in _____ without the consent of Parliament.A. the Bill of RightsB. the Provisions of OxfordC. the Constitutions of ClarendonD. the Book of Common Prayer7. The position of the Church of Scotland was defined in the T reaty of union ,1707, and further safeguarded by the Church of Scotland Act, _____ _.A. 1921B. 1922C. 1923D. 19248. The Salvation Army is served by 1,800 officers (ordained mini sters) andruns more than _____ worship centers.A. 500B. 1,000C. 1,500D. 2,0009. At Christmas, the home is decorated with the following excep t _____.A. colorful paper chainsB. leaves of holly and mistletoeC. a young fir-treeD. firecrackers10. Easter is traditionally associated with the following except ____.A. the resurrection of ChristB. the eating of Easter eggsC. the custom of giving presentsD. the coming of spring1. C2. A3. D4. C5. B6. D7. A8. B9. D 10. CI. Read the following unfinished statements or questions carefully. For ea chunfinished statement or question four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D are given. Choose the one you think best completes the statements oranswers the question.1. The first known settlers of Britain were the ____.A. CeltsB. IberiansC. Beaker FolkD. Romans2. The Celts' religion was ____.A. BuddhismB. IslamC. DruidismD. Christianity3. Roman control was only effective in ____.A. ScotlandB. WalesC. LondonD. The southeast of Britain4. Christianity was first brought to England by the ____.A. RomansB. CeltsC. Anglo-SaxonsD. Danes5. The Romans remained in control of Britain for nearly 400 years and they pulled out in ____.A. 306 ADB. 410 ADC. 446 ADD. 1066 AD6. Which of the following tribes came to Britain first?A. The Angles.B. The Saxons.C. The Gaels.D. The Jutes.7. ____ became the first real king of England, though he did not assume thatstyle.A. OffaB. EgbertC. VortigernD. Hengist8. ____ became the first Archbishop of Canterbury.A. ColumbaB. EthelbertC. St. AugustineD. Egbert9. The Vikings began to attack various parts of England from the end of the ____century.A. 7thB. 8thC. 9thD.10th10. Who were the ancestors of the English and the founders of England?A. The Anglo-Saxons.B. The Normans.C. The Vikings.D. The Romans11. Which of the following statements is NOT true?A. Alfred the Great started the English navy.B. Alfred the Great reorganized the Saxon any, making it moreefficient.C. Alfred the Great established schools and formulated a legal System.D. Alfred the Great impose a tax, called the Danegeld, on the Saxons.12. Which of the following statements is NOT true?A. Canute was chosen by the Witan as king of England.B. Canute was a warrior king and fought many battles against theNormans.C. Canute divided power between Danes and Saxons.D. Canute forced Malcolm II, king of the Scots, to recognizehim asoverlord.13. Which of the following is NOT true?A. Edward the Confessor was more French than English.B. Edward the Confessor filled his court with 'foreign' favorites.C. Edward the Confessor was on very good terms with his father-in-law,Earl Godwin.D. Edward the Confessor appointed a Norman priest Archbishop ofCanterbury.14. When Edward the Confessor died, ____was chosen by the Witan as king OfEngland.A. the king of NorwayB. Harold Godwinson, Earl of WessexC. Edgar, Edward's nephewD. Tostig, the deposed Earl of Northumbria15. Tostig, Harold's brother, joined____, and made an attempt to recover hislost earldom of Northumbria.A. Harold Hardrada, King of Norway。
4月自考英语国家概况试卷及答案解析
…………………………………………………………精品自学考试资料推荐………………………………………………2018年4月自考英语国家概况试卷PART ONEI. Read the following unfinished statements or questions carefully. For each unf'mished statement or question, four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D are given. Choose the one that you think best completes the statement or answer to the question. Write the letter ofthe answer you have chosen in the corresponding space on the answer sheet. (50 points, 1 point for each)1. Which of the following is true about the British Commonwealth?（）A. Members of nations are joined together politically.B. The Commonwealth has special powers.C. The decision to become a member of the Commonwealth is made by Britain.D. It is a free association of independent countries that were once colonies of Britain.2. Under_____, the feudal system in England was completely established.( )A. King AlfredB. Henry IIC. Edward ID. William the Conqueror3. The cause of the Hundred Years' War was____.( )A. territorialB. economicC. partly territorial and partly economicD. partly territorial and partly religious4. Which of the following is NOT true about the Anglo-Saxons?( )A. They were regarded as ferocious people.B. They established the manorial system.C. They divided the country into different shires.D. Their tribes were seldom at war with one another.5. As a result of the Black Death, _____.( )1…………………………………………………………精品自学考试资料推荐………………………………………………A. much land was left untended and there was a shortage of labourB. landowners tended to change from sheep-farming to arable-farmingC. the government did not show much concern about the labour shortageD. the government took several measures to raise the peasants' wages6. The Norman Conquest in English history happened in _____.( )A. 1035B. 1042C. 1066D. 16067. Which of the following was NOT a consequence of the Wars of the Roses?( )A. Feudalism received its death-blow.B. The great medieval nobility was much weakened.C. The king's power became supreme.D. Ordinary people were greatly affected.8. In terms of press,_____are directed at readers who want full information on a wide range of public matters.( )A. quality newspapersB. tabloidsC. popular newspapersD. mid-market newspapers9.__ was the transitional period between the Middle Ages and Modern Times.( )A. The Hundred Years' WarB. RenaissanceC. The Wars of the RosesD. The English Civil War10. The English Civil War is also called_________.( )A. the Puritan RevolutionB. the Chartist MovementC. the Wars of the RosesD. the Hundred Years' War11. In December 1653, by an Instrument of Government,_____ became LordProtector of the Commonwealth of England.( )A. Richard IB. Oliver CromwellC. Charles IID. James II12. Two of the most famous literary works of the late 17th century were ____ .( )A. Hamlet and Paradise LostB. Pilgrim's Progress and Paradise Lost2…………………………………………………………精品自学考试资料推荐………………………………………………C. Paradise Lost and Shepherd's CalendarD. Romeo and Juliet and Shepherd's Calendar13. The establishment of the British East India Company in 1600 was a case ____.( )A. economic penetrationB. territorial aggressionC. cultural expansionD. military invasion14. One of the most far-reaching consequences of World War II was that__.( )A. the British Empire became much strongerB. the British Empire began to disintegrateC. the British colonialists stepped up their expansionD. Britain entered a period of economic and financial prosperity15. Which of the following is NOT true about the British monarchy?( )A. It is the oldest institution of government.B. R goes back to at least the 9th century.C. It has maintained the continuity over the past thousand years.D. It seems that it enjoys no real power today.16. In Britain, a parliament has a maximum duration of_____ years.( )A. 3B. 4C. 5D. 617. British colonial expansion began with_____.( )A. the establishment of the British East India Company in 1600B. the settlement of the Dutch East India Company at Cape Town in 1652C. the occupation of Chinese Hong Kong in 1841D. the colonization of Newfoundland in 158318. Many of Britain's public schools have gained a reputation for__.( )A. low academic standards and snobberyB. exclusiveness and short historyC. average academic standards, exclusiveness, and short historyD. high academic standards, exclusiveness, and snobbery19. The Universities of Oxford and Cambridge date from_____.( )3…………………………………………………………精品自学考试资料推荐………………………………………………A. the 10th and 11th centuryB. the 12th centuryC. the 12th and 13th centuryD. the 13th century20. In Britain,____ formally appoints important government ministers, judges,( )A. the QueenB. the Prime MinisterC. the Lord President of the CouncilD. the Speaker of the House of Commons21. Which of the following is NOT among the five biggest cities in the United States?( )A. Chicago.B. New York.C. Miami.D. Los Angeles.22.____, which banned slavery, was added to the American Constitution in December, 1865.( )A. The Bill of RightsB. The Thirteenth AmendmentC. The Civil Rights ActD. The Voting Rights Act23.___ have made it possible for all sections of the American population to have higher education.( )A. The research universitiesB. The doctoral universitiesC. The community collegesD. The liberal arts colleges24. Colored eggs and bunny are traditional symbols of___.( )A. EasterB. ChristmasC. ValentineD. New Year's Day25. ____is one of the most popular places in the United States to celebrate the New Year's Day.( )A. The Disney I.and in FloridaB. The White House Lawn in Washington D.C.C. Hollywood in CaliforniaD. Times Square in New York City26. The best-known speech made by civil fights leader Martin Luther King is_____.( )A. Guess who?4…………………………………………………………精品自学考试资料推荐………………………………………………B. I have a dreamC. United we stand, divided we fallD. First in war, first in peace, first in the hearts of his countrymen27. In the 1900s with the development of industry and the extension of railroad network, there was a___ in the United States.( )A. fast growth of populationB. rapid growth of military powerC. fast growth of labor unionsD. rapid growth of cities28. The real American literature began_____.( )A. before the Civil WarB. after the Civil WarC. before the War of IndependenceD. after the War of Independence29. Which of the following is NOT true about the Vietnam War?( )A. Drug-taking was widespread in the American Armed Forces.B. About sixty thousand young Americans died in the war.C. American insistence on the continuation of the war drew criticism from its allies.D. The morale of the American soldiers was running very high.30. MIT stands for_____.( )A. the Military Institute of TexasB. the Macy's Instigation of ThanksgivingC. the Miami Institution of TradeD. the Massachusetts Institute of Technology31.____was NOT among the first 13 British colonies along the east coast of North America.( )A. New YorkB. PennsylvaniaC. FloridaD. Maryland32. At the Constitutional Convention in September 1787, the delegates who argued fora national system called themselves______.( )A. RepublicansB. Democrats5…………………………………………………………精品自学考试资料推荐………………………………………………C. Anti-FederalistsD. Federalists33. The Purchase of Louisiana Territory in 1803 from France______.( )A. increased the American territory by one thirdB. increased the American territory by a halfC. almost doubled the size of the United StatesD. almost tripled the size of the United States34. Which of the following pairs is correct?( )A. Rockefeller_______aeroplaneB. Henry Ford- crude oil refiningC. J.P. Morgan - railroadD. The Wright Brothers- automobile35. The United States did not formally take part in World War H until Pearl Harbor because_____.( )A. isolationists did not want to be dragged into the warB. the Congress had passed one neutrality lawC. President Roosevelt did not want to offend the Axis PowersD. All of the above36. In order to protect Western Europe from possible Soviet expansion after WWII, the United States decided to offer Western European countries economic aid, which later came to be called _____.( )A. the Fourteen PointsB. the New FreedomsC. the New DealD. the Marshall Plan37. In view of the problem of poverty in the 1960s, President Kennedy had once admitted that_____of the American population went to bed hungry.( )A. about one quarterB. about one thirdC. about halfD. about two thirds6…………………………………………………………精品自学考试资料推荐………………………………………………38. Whenever the American economy is in trouble, the economy of other countries is affected because the United States is_____.( )A. the greatest debtor in the worldB. the biggest producer of tobaccoC. the largest importer in the world marketD. the only superpower in the world39. Membership in the House of Representatives is based on_____.( )A. the number of cities in each stateB. the number of families in each stateC. the size of population in each stateD. the size of cities in each state40. In the United States, if the parents don't send their children to school at certain age,____ .( )A. the state government will be responsible for itB. they will educate the children themselvesC. they can save a lot of moneyD. they are breaking the law41. Canada covers about ____of North American continent.( )A. one quarterB. two-fifthsC. two-thirdsD. three-fourths42. By the Statute of____in 1931 the British Dominions, including Canada,were formally declared to be partner nations with Britain.( )A. OntarioB. VancouverC. QuebecD. Westminster43. The first British sealers in Canada were American refugees, who called themselves_____, because they refused to fight against the British Army in the War ofAmerican Independence.( )A. LoyalistsB. WhigsC. LiberalsD. Separatists7…………………………………………………………精品自学考试资料推荐………………………………………………44.____ is Australia's main watershed where short, swift rivers flow into the Pacific Ocean.( )A. The Great Western PlateauB. The Great Dividing RangeC. The Central Eastern LowlandsD. The Nullarbor Plain45. Politically, Australia is divided into__ states and two territories.A. fourB. fiveC. sixD. seven46. Among the five Australian cities with a population of over a million only ____lies on the Western coast.( )A. SydneyB. BrisbaneC. MelbourneD. Perth47. In Ireland the basic ethnic stock is_____.( )A. CelticB. RomanC. NormanD. English48. Ireland has four unusual demographic features. Which of the following is NOT true?( )A. A low birthrate.B. A late marriage.C. A high proportion of unmarried people.D. An excess of females in the population.49. The first Englishman to visit New Zealand was James Cook, who sailed in hisship________.( )A. EnduranceB. Endecn,orC. ExplorerD. Enquirer50. Which of the following statements about the climate in New Zealand is NOT true?( )A. The climate in New Zealand is generally temperate.B. Seasonal variations are less extreme.C. Snow usually falls in the far south.D. Summer is often uncomfortably hot.PART TWO8…………………………………………………………精品自学考试资料推荐………………………………………………II. Give a one-sentence answer to each of the following questions. Write your answer in the corresponding space on the answer sheet. (30 points, 3 points for each)51. What does the British Parliament consist of?.52. Why is King Alfred known as he father of the British navy?53. Which party did Margaret Thatcher represent in the 1970's?54. How was the 1920s in the United States described by many historians?55. What does the term indentured servants refer to in American history?56. What was the most important act passed in 1964 to prohibit discrimination based on color, race, or national origin in places of public accommodation?57. How many provinces and territories is Canada made up of?.58. What is Australia also known as in the West?59. What does IRA stand for?60. Why is New Zealand considered to be the fast country to get the new day?III. Explain each of the following terms in English. Write your answer in the corresponding space on the answer sheet in around 40 words. (20 points,5 points for each)61. Comprehensive schools62. Whigs (in Britain)63. The Puritans64. War Power Act9。
00522自考英语国家概况-试卷（答案全面）
00522⾃考英语国家概况-试卷（答案全⾯）⾃考课程综合测验英语国家概况试卷（课程代码 00522 ）⼀、单项选择题（每⼩题2分，共40分） 1. is the largest island in Europe.A. EnglandB. ScotlandC. IrelandD. Great Britain 2. The UK is bordered on the south by . A. the North Sea B. the English Channel C. the Irish Sea D. the Atlantic Ocean 3. The capital of the UK is .A. EdinburghB. LondonC. LiverpoolD. Birmingham 4. The longest rivers in Britain are the Thames and .A. the MerseyB. the River HumberC. the SevernD. the Tyne River 5. The first known settlers of Britain were the .A. CeltsB. Anglo-SaxonsC. RomansD. Iberians 6. It is that brought the new religion, Christianity, to Britain.A. the RomansB. the CeltsC. the Anglo-SaxonsD. the Viking and Danish Invasions 7. Among the following groups of people, the came to Britain first. A. Jutes B. Angles C. Saxons D. Normans8. The Conquest in 1066 is perhaps the best-known event in English history. A. Roman B. Viking C. Anglo-Saxon D. Norman9. Under , the feudal system in England was completely established. A. Edward I B. Henry II C. King Alfred D. William the Conqueror 10. The Magna Carta was a statement of the feudal and legal relationship between .A. the Crown and the BaronsB. the king and the parliamentC. the aristocrats and the middle classD. the monarch and the working people 11. The name of the Hundr ed Years’ War is given to the intermittent war between .A. France and EnglandB. Spain and EnglandC. Germany and EnglandD. America and England12. in the 14th century was the modern name given to the plague, an epidemic disease spread by rat fleas.A. Brid FluB. Black DeathC. Yellow FeverD. Scarlet Fever 13. was above all responsible for the religious reform in England.A. Alfred the GreatB. Edward IC. Henry VIIID. William the Conqueror 14. declared that he, and not the Pope, was the Supreme Head of the Church of England in 1535.A. James IB. Charles IC. James IID. Henry VIII 15. Mary Stuart, Queen of Scots, was Elizabeth I ’s . A. sister B. daughter C. cousin D. half-sister 16. The English Renaissance was largely .A. literaryB. politicalC. religiousD. philosophical 17. The Chartist movement was the first nationwide movement.A. working classB. lower middle classC. upper middle classD. upper class18. The Seven Years’ War was fought between Britain and for the colonization in North America. A. Spain B. Russia C. Holland D. France19. During the late 18th and early 19th centuries the system ended when the Enclosure Acts were introduced. A. tenant B. feudal C. open-field D. enclosed field 20. modified and improved the design of the steam engine in 1765.A. James WattB. Abraham DarbyC. Richard ArkwrightD. Henry Court⼆、论述题（15分）Describe the geographical position of the UK.三、论述题（15分）What do you know about King Alfred? What makes him worthy of the title of “Alfred the Great?年级班级准考证号姓名四、论述题（15分）What were the contents and the significance of the Great Charter?五、论述题（15分）What do you know about land enclosures in Britain?答案：。
自考英语国家概况2022年04月真题及_1
自考英语国家概况2022年04月真题及自考英语国家概况2022年04月真题解析1.[单选题] Which of the following rivers goes through the city of London?A.The Forth.B.The Severn.C.The Thames.D.The Mersey.2.[单选题] About 500 BC_______began to arrive in Britain and kept coming until thearrival of the Romans.A.the JutesB.the AnglesC.the CeltsD.the Saxons3.[单选题] Located in Wales, ________is an important city in the UK.A.BelfastB.CardiffC.LiverpoolD.Edinburgh4.[单选题] In the reign of______, Britain lost the French port of Calais.A.Elizabeth IB.Edward VIC.Henry VIIID.Mary Tudor5.[单选题] The name Great Britain came into being when, in 1707, the Act of Union unitedEngland and______.A.WalesB.ScotlandC.Southern IrelandD.Northern Ireland6.[单选题] The Parliament Act in 1911 strictly limited the powers of_______, making theCommons the supreme legislative body.A.the LordsB.the CabinetC.the CrownD.the Church of England7.[单选题] What might be the immediate cause of the UK’s entry into WWI?A.Germany’s invasion of Belgium.B.The assassination of Franz Ferdinand.C.Austrian declaration of war on Serbia.D.Germany’s declaration of war on Russia.8.[单选题] The discovery of oil in______has made the UK self-sufficient in oil.A.the Irish SeaB.the Black SeaC.the North SeaD.the Mediterranean9.[单选题] The Labour Party and______have been the dominant party in the UK sincethe mid-1920s.A.the Republican PartyB.the Liberal DemocratsC.the Conservative PartyD.the Scottish National Party10.[单选题] Which of the following was a consequence of the Norman Conquest on England?A.English became the official language in England.B.The feudal system was completely established in England.C.The England''s commerce with the Continent was severely weakened.D.The English church courts were more closely related to the civil courts.11.[单选题] How do most students in the UK pay for their college education?A.They do part-time jobs.B.They get state-funded grants.C.They pay for it after graduation.D.They get support from their parents.12.[单选题] In 1265, Simon de Montfort summoned the Great Council to meet at_______,and the meeting was seen as that of the earliest parliament.A.BedfordB.CanterburyC.WestminsterD.Winchester13.[单选题] Which of the following is a newspaper of Northern Ireland?A.The Herald.B.The Daily RecordC.The Western Mail.D.The Belfast Telegraph.14.[单选题] _______forms a natural boundary between Mexico and the USA.A.The Colorado RiverB.The Rio Grande RiverC.The American RuhrD.The Gulf of California15.[单选题] Which of the following was the chief center of the American War of Independence?A.The South.B.The Midwest.C.New England.D.The Middle Atlantic States.16.[单选题] What language has official status in the state of New Mexico?A.French.B.Russian.C.Spanish.D.Portuguese.17.[单选题] In September 1783, by______Britain recognized the independence of theUnited States.A.the Treaty of ParisB.the Alien and Sedition ActsC.the Declaration of IndependenceD.the Emancipation Proclamation18.[单选题] In______women in the USA were given the right to vote.A.1870B.1890C.1913D.192019.[单选题] In 1607, the English founded their first permanent settlement in_______onthe American continent.A.VirginiaB.MarylandC.ConnecticutD.Massachusetts20.[单选题] The nature of McCarthyism is_______.A.anti-racismB.anti-CommunismC.advocating free marketD.advocating environmental protection21.[单选题] John Maynard Keynes believed the government could enhance thedevelopment of economy by_______.A.limiting birthrateB.weakening manufacturingC.averaging household incomeD.controlling spending and taxes22.[单选题] ______ is often considered the father of American drama.A.William IngeB.Arthur MillerC.Eugene O’NeillD.Tennessee Williams23.[单选题] _______, as "the national sport,” is the oldest of the major American team sports.A.BaseballB.FootballC.BasketballD.Ice hockey24.[单选题] In Canada______can introduce bills involving taxation.A.the Supreme CourtB.the House of CommonsC.the SenateD.the Governor-General25.[单选题] Among the natural regions of Canada, farthest east is_______.A.the Canadian ShieldB.the Arctic RegionC.the Appalachian RegionD.the Cordilleran Region26.[单选题] There have been nine major occurrences of_______in Australia since 1788due to its location and geographical features.A.floodB.droughtndslideD.earthquake27.[单选题] As the federal capital of Australia, Canberra balances the power between two ________centers of Sydney and Melbourne.A.economicB.politicalcationD.population28.[单选题] Ireland is called the Emerald Isle because of______.A.its rich green countrysideB.its rich emerald stonesC.its surrounding blue seaD.its numerous islands29.[单选题] _______, the capital of Ireland, is known for its theaters and writers.A.DublinB.CorkC.LimerickD.Waterford30.[单选题] Ireland enjoys a climate of western maritime under the influence of_______.A.the Indian OceanB.the Pacific OceanC.the Arctic OceanD.the Atlantic Ocean31.[案例题] A.1867B.the NetherlandsC.the Easter RisingD.Thanksgiving DayE.subjectF.James JoyceG.Veterans DayH.the prime ministerI.The English Civil WarJ.AlfredK.the Treaty of WaitangiL.the Governor-General1.Known as “the father of the British navy,”_______founded a strong fleetwhich first beat the Danes at sea.32.[案例题] 2.During nearly 400 years of control of Britain, the Romans always treated theBritons as a _______ people of slave class.33.[案例题] 3.________marked the beginning of modem world history because it shook thefoundation of the feudal rule in Europe.34.[案例题] 4.Americans celebrate_______to honor veterans of all wars in which the UShas fought.35.[案例题] 5.The first immigrants in American history came from England and_______.36.[案例题] 6.Once a colony of Great Britain, Canada became independent in______through the British North America Act.37.[案例题] 7.In 1840, on behalf of the British government, William Hobson signed______with Maori chiefs in New Zealand.38.[案例题] 8.In Australia, Britain’s monarch is officially represented by______and six state governors.39.[案例题] 9.The armed Irish uprising against the British rule in 1916 is known as_______.40.[案例题] 10.Ulysses was written by the Irish novelist_______.41.[案例题] Wars of the Roses42.[案例题] ANZUS Treaty43.[案例题] What was the effect of the Glorious Revolution on the British form of government?44.[案例题] How important is trade in the UK’s economy?45.[案例题] What role did Martin Luther King play in the Civil Rights Movement?46.[案例题] For what purpose did the British government put the Stamp Tax into effect in America?47.[案例题] What are the main factors shaping the Canadian climate?48.[案例题] Who are the aboriginal people of Canada?49.[案例题] Why is Australia rich in unique species of animals and plants?50.[案例题] Why was Australia called a prison colony when it was founded in the late 1700s?51.[案例题] What is the base of support of the Labor Party in NewZealand?52.[案例题] What caused the fall of the Irish population in the 19th century?53.[案例题] What are the distinct characteristics of the US government?11。
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2011年4月英语国家概况自考试题全国2011年4月自考英语国家概况试题课程代码：00522I. Read the following unfinished statements or questions carefully. For each unfinished statement or question, four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D are given. Choose the one that you think best completes the statement or answers the question. Write the letter of the answer you have chosen in the corresponding space on the answer sheet. (50 points, 1 point for each)1._______ is NOT a political division on the island of Great Britain.A. IrelandB. WalesC. EnglandD. Scotland2._______ , King of Wessex, is known as “the father of British Navy” who founded a strong fleet which first beat the Danes at sea.A. AlfredB. HenryC. EdwardD. William3. The _______ Conquest in 1066 is perhaps the best knownevent in English history.A. RomanB. VikingC. Anglo-SaxonD. Norman4. _______was the modern name given to the deadly bubonic plague, an epidemic disease spread by rat fleas in the 14th century.A. CholeraB. MalariaC. Black DeathD. Yellow Fever5. The name Wars of Roses was, in fact, coined by the great 19th century novelist_______.A. Walter ScottB. Ben JohnsonC. Francis BaconD. Edmund Spenser6. Winston Churchill was heavily defeated at the general election of 1945 because _______.A. he did not act as a great war leaderB. he failed to lead his country to victoryC. people wanted Britain to return to the politics of the 1920s and 30sD. the Conservative Party’s traditional principles see med old-fashioned7._______ overthrew the feudal system in England and is generally regarded as the beginning of modern world history.A. Puritan RevolutionB. The War of RosesC. The English Civil WarD. The Glorious Revolution8. The British Monarchy has been in existence for more than 1,000 years going back to at least the _______ century.A. 8thB. 9thC. 10thD. 11th9. In the line of succession to the throne, _______ have precedence over other candidates (heirs).A. the monarch’s sonsB. the queen’s sister sC. the monarch’s brothersD. the queen’s daughters10._______ is NOT a constitutional part of the British Parliament.A. The CabinetB. The SovereignC. The House of LordsD. The House of Commons11. Each session of the British Parliament usually lasts for_______.A. one yearB. two yearsC. four yearsD. half a year12. In the general election, an MP candidate must deposit 500 pounds, which is returned if he or she receives _______ or more of the vote cast.A. 5%B. 10%C. 15%D. 20%13. Only in _______ are police officers allowed to carry firearms for personal protection and for duty purposes.A. WalesB. EnglandC. ScotlandD. Northern Ireland14. In Great Britain, almost _______of medical prescription items are supplied free.A. 50%B. 60%C. 70%D. 80%15. The two established churches in Britain are_______.A. Church of England and Church of WalesB. Church of Ireland and Church of EnglandC. Church of Ireland and Church of ScotlandD. Church of England and Church of Scotland16. Full time first-degree university courses usually last _______ in England.A. 2 yearsB. 3 yearsC. 4 yearsD. 5 years17. _______ is a “quality” newspaper in Britain.A. The SunB. The TimesC. The Daily StarD. The Daily Mirror18. The home of golf is_______.A. WalesB. EnglandC. ScotlandD. Northern Ireland19. In the United Kingdom, ministers are appointed by the Queen on the recommendation of_______.A. the Prime MinisterB. the Lord ChancellorC. the Duke of EdinburghD. the Speaker of the House of Commons20. _______was the British Prime Minister who adopted appeasement policy to Nazi Germany during the Second World War.A. Tony BlairB. Margaret ThatcherC. Winston ChurchillD. Neville Chamberlain21. The percentage of immigrants in the United States varies greatly from region to region with the _______United States accounting for 14.8% of foreign-born population in the 1980s.A. SouthernB. NorthernC. WesternD. Eastern22. In the U.S. the high birth rate during the “baby boom” mainly refers to the period _______.A. 1920—1930B. 1946—1964C. 1972—1982D. 1980—199023. In 1607 the first English colony in America was founded at Jamestown,_______.A. MaineB. VirginiaC. MassachusettsD. New Hampshire24. After the United States bought the _______ for only $15 million, its territory almost doubled.A. Ohio TerritoryB. Gadsden TerritoryC. Louisiana TerritoryD. New Mexico Territory25. When Abraham Lincoln was elected president, the southern states broke away and formed a new nation called_______.A. the Confederate UnionsB. the Federal States of AmericaC. the Federal Union of AmericaD. the Confederate States of America26. The Civil War ended with the passing of the _______to the Constitution, which banned slavery in the United States.A. Tenth AmendmentB. Eleventh AmendmentC. Twelfth AmendmentD. Thirteenth Amendment27. Which of the following statements is NOT a reason to explain the rapid growth of capitalism after the Civil War?A. The U.S. federal government put low taxes on foreign imports.B. There was enough labor supply for the development of American industries.C. Science and invention played a key role in accelerating America’s industrial development.D. With the war over, both foreign and domestic capital became available for investment.28. The Peace Conference after World War I in 1918 was dominated by the Big Four, that is _______.A. the United States, Britain, Japan and ItalyB. the United States, Russia, France and ItalyC. the United States, Britain, France and ItalyD. the United States, Britain, France and China29. Which of the following statements about Franklin Roosevelt is NOT true?A. He was a great communicator.B. He had a sure sense of what seemed practical or possible.C. He called out the army to drive out the World War I veterans.D. His fireside chats over the radio were listened to by millions of people.30. The incident that made the United States formally declare war against the Axis Powers was _______.A. the Great DepressionB. the attack on the Soviet UnionC. the Japanese invasion of ChinaD. the bombing of Pearl Harbor in 194131. During the Cuban Missile Crisis in 1962, President _______finally decided to use naval force to prevent military material and arms from going into Cuba.A. NixonB. JohnsonC. KennedyD. Eisenhower32. After the Geneva Conference on Indochina in 1954, the United States replaced _______as the main force in providing aid for South Vietnam.A. JapanB. BritainC. FranceD. Turkey33. In the United States, amendments must have the approval of _______of the states before they enter into force.A. one-thirdB. two-thirdsC. two-fifthsD. three-fourths34. The U.S. Constitution provides that the _______shall be President of Senate.A. PresidentB. Chief JusticeC. Vice PresidentD. Attorney General35. In the United States, _______period of the party systemarose in the last years of the 18th century over the debate on the ratification of the Constitution.A. the firstB. the secondC. the thirdD. the fourth36. Under the Constitution, _______is the federal official primarily responsible for the relations with foreign nations.A. the presidentB. the federal chief justiceC. the Speaker of the HouseD. the Senate Majority Leader37. In the U.S., the revenues for public schools primarily come from_______.A. states and localitiesB. religious communitiesC. state boards of educationD. federal government and states38. American higher education began with the founding of _______in 1636.A. Yale UniversityB. Harvard CollegeC. University of VirginiaD. Princeton University39. Rip Van Winkle is a character from the famous book _______written by Washington Irving.A. The Sketch BookB. The Scarlet LetterC. A History of New YorkD. Poor Richard’s Almanac40. Which of the following statements about New Year’s Day is NOT true?A. In the U.S. it is a nationally observed holiday.B. It is thought of as a good time to make the New Year decisions.C. Most people like to hold big parties and make pumpkin lanterns on that day.D. The celebration of this holiday begins the night before—on New Year’s Eve.41. The Irish lowland _______.A. is a rocky areaB. has many high mountainsC. is covered by green forestsD. has different landscapes from place to place42. Which of the following statements about the weather of Ireland is true?A. It has a lot of rainfall.B. It often snows in winter.C. It is a country of sunshine.D. It is quite windy throughout the year.43. Today, Ireland is _______.A. a colony of Great BritainB. a free state within Great BritainC. an independent and sovereign stateD. a member of the British commonwealth44. The city that has an ice-free harbor as Canada’s major outlet to the Pacific Ocean is_______.A. OttawaB. QuebecC. TorontoD. Vancouver45. Nowadays, _______are the natives in Canada.A. French-speaking peopleB. English-speaking peopleC. the Canadian Indians and InuitD. the early immigrants from Europe46. Politically Australia is divided into six states and Sydney is the capital of_______.A. VictoriaB. QueenslandC. South AustraliaD. New South Wales47. In Australia, about a quarter of the national income is from the _______ of Western Australia.A. lumberingB. agricultureC. shipbuildingD. mineral export48. Earthquakes in New Zealand do not cause many deaths because of _______.A. the dormant volcanoesB. the concrete building materialsC. the small population in many areasD. the mild magnitude of the earthquakes49. New Zealand remains green all year round because_______.A. there is enough bushesB. the trees are deciduousC. its native trees are evergreenD. the trees can receive enough sunshine50. The reason why Maori workers moved to the cities to makea living after World War II is that_______.A. they lost their landB. they learned skills during the warC. they lost their social and cultural linksD. they regained their identity as the native peopleII. Give a one-sentence answer to each of the following questions. Write your answer in the corresponding space on the answer sheet. (30 points, 3 points for each)51. On which day does Easter fall?52. What are the four Scottish universities established in the 14th and 15th centuries?53. What kinds of courses require five-year study in British universities?54. What was King Edward (1042-1066) known as?55. Give an example to illustrate the highly aggressive and intolerant nationalism in 1919 and 1920 in the United States. 56. What was the key problem that affected the progress in U.S.-China relations from 1972 to 1979?57. What are the most memorable words Lincoln said in a short speech on the occasion of dedicating the national cemetery at Gettysburg in 1863?58. What is the American tradition of laissez faire?59. What explains the absence of large forests in Australia?60. Who is the head of the Australian government?III. Explain each of the following terms in English. Write your answer in the corresponding space on the answer sheet in around 40 words. (20 points, 5 points for each)61. Industrial Revolution62. Bank Holiday63. Amerigo Vespucci64. Research universities。