初一英语十一课程 完形与阅读技巧篇

完形和阅读方法和技巧一、知识梳理1、完形填空是一种综合性比较强的题型，它聚集阅读理解能力和语法、词汇于一体，考查内容包括词语辨析、语法、固定搭配和阅读理解能力等，既考查学生在阅读理解基础上，在一定语境下灵活运用词汇、语法等基础知识的能力，又考查学生的逻辑推理能力。

【讲解】目前的完型填空更加注重语境、词汇、理解能力，纯粹考语法的题越来越少，这就要求我们除了具备词汇基础、语法基础、生活常识外，还要具备一定的解题技巧和能力。

（1）略读短文，跳过空格，了解大意快速地读，了解文章大意和整体结构，然后再做题，因为完型填空是测试理解能力，所有的题只有在了解全文大意和整体结构的情况下才能够作对。

速读的目的是读懂，只快不懂或似懂非懂只是浪费时间。

（2）再读短文、联系上下文，认真选择①语境。

即根据上下文推敲，与整篇文章协调。

②语法知识。

确定语境后，还需根据所学的语法结构选出正确的形式。

如：词性，时态、单复数等等。

③固定搭配。

注意近义词、同义词和固定短语的搭配，这需要平时的积累。

（3）仔细核查，查漏补缺题目做完时，要把全文再读一遍，看上下文是否通顺，语法是否得当，完型填空是一体，如果题目都作对，那前后文很通畅，如果有错误，前后自然矛盾。

【注意】切不可为了节省时间，看一句做一题，缺乏整体结构，就题论题，这样欲速则不达。

2. 阅读理解是考查学生对语篇理解的能力。

它是对学生阅读速度、理解能力、文学常识和逻辑思维的综合测试。

以选择型阅读为主，最常见的是题型是细节理解题、推理判断题、词义猜测题和主旨大意题。

（1）细节理解题。

考生通过阅读短文，可以直接从阅读材料中找到这类问题的答案。

常考查的方面有：事件发生的时间、地点、原因、方式、过程、结局、人物之间的关系、事件之间的关系、词和句的含义等。

这类题型常常针对文章中某个容易误解的关键词句或概念，通过一些张冠李戴的手段组成是非辨别选择题，难度较小，属浅层理解题。

（2）词句猜测题。

这类题型不是没有依据的去猜测意思，而是文章中有提示，上下文或者有这个词或句子的解释，或者有这个词的同义词或反义词，做这类题要认真阅读前后文，寻找关键词，注意相应的连接词，如but, however, otherwise, for, as a result, of course等等。

（3）逻辑推理判断题。

此题型要求掌握全文提供的各项信息的基础上，进行正确的逻辑推理，推断作者的意向；这就要求我们在通读全文、弄懂全文的基础上，抓住文章的关键字句，深入拓展文章内容。

切记做这类题，需要的答案是文章中没有明确说出的，是根据已有信息推出的，尽管有些选项是对的，但由于是文中告诉的，所以不能选。

4．归纳概括题。

此题型要求考生在理解全文后总结短文大意，概括中心思想，或归纳标题。

命题方式常为：“What’s the main point/main idea/best title of the passage.”等。

这些考点大都暗含在文章中。

不少文章一开头便展示出文章的主题，尤其是新闻报道类的，每一段常是故事的梗概，这一段往往表达文章的中心思想。

每段开头的第一句往往是该段的主题句，用来概括该段的中心思想。

但不少文章或段落中，中心思想贯穿在全文中，必须具备一定的归纳和概括能力，才能选对答案。

二、方法归纳在英语考试中，阅读理解部分的分值占整个试卷分值的很重，阅读速度的快慢、对文章内容理解掌握的程度，直接影响到我们能否顺利通过英语考试。

在处理这两者之间的关系中，要分为三个阶段。

（1）第一个阶段是筛选阶段。

在我们阅读文章的过程中，首先筛选出对我们有利用价值的。

每分钟的阅读速度可达800个字符，重点放在文章的标题和每段的第一句和最后一句上，基本上可对文章的中心、作者的意图有个20-30%的了解。

（2）第二阶段，快速阅读阶段。

就是说对我们已筛选出的信息作进一步的遴选，每分钟的阅读速度可保持在500个左右字符，达到70%的理解，再从中挑选出对我们有重要参考价值的内容来。

（3）第三阶段，也就是精研阶段。

这一阶段，要达到90%以上的理解，力求准确把握作者的观点，融会贯通，根据其利用价值进行取舍。

【注意】在提高阅读速度的初期，理解的降低是正常的，不必大惊小怪，只要继续以此速度读下去，就会发现理解会渐渐回升上来，达到原来速度时的理解水平。

这里有一点必须注意，在理解水平还没有恢复到正常水平（至少要达到70%的理解）时，不要继续加快阅读速度。

这二者的平衡在快速阅读的过程中是很重要的，不能过多的注意其中一项。

我们应该明白，一分钟读400字符且达到了70%的理解比一分钟读200字符而达到90%的理解率效率高得多。

三、课堂精讲例题例题1Mr Smith lives in the small village, but he works in an office in a big city. He goes to work by train every morning and comes ___1___ the same way.One morning while he was ___2___ his newspaper on the train, a man ___3___ him came up to him. Mr Smith had not met him before. The man said,“ ___4___ ” to him and then ___5___ to talk to him. The man said, “Your ___6___ isn’t interesting, is it? You got on the same train at the same station at the same time ___7___ morning and you always sit in the same seat and read the same newspaper.”When Mr Smith ___8___ this, he put his newspaper down, turned around and ___9___ to the man angrily, “How do you know all that about me?”“Because I’m ___10___ sitting in the same seat behind you,” the man answered.1. A. family B. house C. village D. home2. A. seeing B. look C. reading D. finding3. A. before B. behind C. beside D. next to4. A. Sorry B. Thanks C. Hello D. Goodbye5. A. refused B. stopped C. ordered D. began6. A. life B. work C. office D. child7. A. one B. every C. this D. yesterday8. A. heard B. listened C. found D. felt9. A. asked B. said C. told D. talked10. A. never B. hardly C. always D. sometimes【解析】1. 通过上下文，表示回家是come home与前面的去上班go to work相对。

2. 固定搭配，表示看书看报用read。

3. 根据最后一句话，I’m sitting in the same seat behind you可知。

4. 根据常识，从下文可知是向他招呼问好，所以是say “Hello” to him。

5. 根据语境，打了招呼后自然就会开始(began) 谈起话来。

6. 根据下文，在同一时间、同一个车站、乘同一个火车，这是种单调泛味的生活(life)。

而不是这工作，也不是办公，更不是指小孩。

7. 指每天早上都是如此，才会说单调泛味。

8. 根据语境，史密斯先生听到(heard) 这些话。

listen指有意识在“听”，强调动作，后接宾语时要加to；hear指听的结果“听到”。

9. say to sb对某人说。

虽然后面是一个问句，但表示问某人时ask后不用to，而直接说ask sb。

10. 因为对史密斯先生如此了解，当然是“总”坐在他的后面了。

解题思路：完型填空根据上下文选择解法与答案：1-5DCBCD 6-10ABABC【课堂训练题】I、完型填空Once there was a boy in Toronto. His name was Jimmy. He started drawing when he was three years old, and when he was five he was already very ___1___ at it. He drew many beautiful interesting pictures, and many people ___2___ his pictures. They thought this boy was going to be ___3___ when he was a little older, and then they were going to ___4___ these pictures for a lot of money.Jimmy’s pictures were quite different from other ___5___ because he never drew on all of the paper. He drew on ___6___ of it, and the other half was always ___7___.“That’s very clever,” everybody said. “___8___ other people have ever done that before.”One day somebody asked him, “Please tell me, Jimmy. Why do you draw on the bottom (底部) half of your pictures, ___9___ not on the top half?”“Because I’m small,” Jimmy said, “and my brushes (毛笔) can’t ___10___ very high.”1. A. poor B. sad C. glad D. good2. A. bought B. brought C. sold D. took3. A. different B. clever C. famous D. rich4. A. buy B. show C. leave D. sell5. A. men’s B. people’s C. boy’s D. child’s6. A. half B. part C. side D. end7. A. full B. empty C. wrong D. ready8. A. No B. Some C. Any D. Many9. A. then B. and C. but D. or10. A. change B. turn C. pull D. reachII、完型填空Wang Ling, a middle school girl, felt angry with her parents after____1____a boy's phone call. "A classmate called me to discuss homework. We talked ____2____just a few minutes before my parents gotmad," said the girl. "They asked _____3___I liked the boy or not. I said I didn't. but they wouldn't believe me."Wang's trouble is not strange at all because puppy love（早恋）becomes a big headache for both parents and schools. They worry about that puppy love will be bad for study. Her school makes it a rule ___4____ any talk or any physical contact（身体接触）between one boy and one girl alone.Many students say they understand why parents and teachers are so nervous about puppy love. But some think they ____5____too far." We have our own thoughts and we know what to do." said Wang Ling Another girl, Jiang Ting, liked making friends with boys," Boys and girls can learn from each other. "she said" My mother asks me to study ____6_____ .However, she never stops me from ____7____ friends with boys." Once Jiang told her mother she might fall in love with a boy. Her mother let Jiang make____8_____own decision. Soon Jiang found that she didn't like him _____9_____ because the boy was not as _____10____ as what she had thought before. And she did worse and worse in her subjects because she spent much time with him. At last she understood the worry from schools and most parents about puppy love1. A. to get B. got C. getting D. gets2. A. since B. for C. at D. in3. A. that B. if C.how D. whether4. A. not to allow B. to not allow C. to allow not D. not allow to5. A. had gone B. were going C. would go D. are going6. A. hardly B. more hardly C. hardest D. hard7. A. makes B. made C. making D. make8. A. hers B. she C. herself D. her9. A. any more B. no more C. no longer D. not long10. A. better B. good C. well D. best参考答案：I、1-5DACDB 6-10ABACDII、1-5CBDBB 6-10DCDAB例题2We spent a day in the country and picked a lot of flowers. Our car was full of flowers inside! On the way home we had to stop at traffic lights , and there my wife saw the bookshelf.It stood outside a furniture (家具)shop. "Buy it," she said at once. "We'll carry it home on the roof-rack (车顶架) . I've always wanted one like that . "What could I do? Ten minutes later I was twenty dollars poorer, and the bookshelf was tied on to the roof-rack. It was tall and narrow, quite heavy too .As it was getting darker, I drove slowly . Other drivers seemed more polite than usual that evening. The police even stopped traffic to let us through . Carrying furniture was a good idea.After a time my wife said, "There's a long line of cars behind . Why don't they overtake (超车) ?"Just at that time a police car did overtake. The two officers (警官)inside looked at us seriously when they went past . But then , with a kind smile they asked us to follow their car through the busy traffic. The police car stopped at our village church (教堂) . One of the offices came to me."Right, sir, " he said. "Do you need any more help now?"I didn't quite understand . "Thanks, officer, " I said . "You've been very kind. I lived just down the road. "He was looking at our things: first at the flowers, then at the bookshelf. "Well, Well, " he said and laughed . "It's a bookshelf you've got there ! We thought it wa s…, something else . "My wife began to laugh . Suddenly I understood why the police drove here .I smiled at the officer. "Yes, it's a bookshelf, but thanks again." I drove home as fast as I could .1 . From the story we know that ___________.A . the writer was poor and didn't buy the bookshelf for his wifeB . the writer's wife didn't like the bookshelf at allC . the writer was always glad to buy something for his wifeD . the writer was not very glad to buy the bookshelf for his wife2 . What made the writer think that carrying furniture was "a good idea"?A . He could drive slowly and it was safe.B . Other drivers would let him go first .C . His wife could use a new bookshelf.D . He could save a lot of money and time.3 . Why were the police and other drivers so kind to the writer?A . Because they thought the writer liked studying very much and needed a bookshelf.B . Because they didn't think it was polite to overtake a car with a bookshelf on it .C . Because they thought somebody in the writer's family had died and he needed help .D . Because they thought it was dangerous to carry a bookshelf on a car.4 . Why did the writer's wife begin to laugh?A . Because now she knew what mistake the police had made.B . Because at last her husband understood why the police had driven to the church .C . Because the officer was always looking at the flowers and the bookshelf.D . Because the police had helped them a lot .5 . When did the officers begin to realize (意识到)they had made a mistake?A . Before they arrived at the church.B . Before they overtook the writer's carC . After one of them looked at the flowers and the bookshelf carefully at the church.D . After the writer's family left the church.【解析】1．细节理解题，文中有这样的句子：What could l do? Ten minutes later I was twenty dollars poorer…可以看出作者是出于无奈才买的书架2．细节理解题，因为大家都为他们让路。