英汉对比翻译

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左彪-英汉对比与翻译(全)

左彪-英汉对比与翻译(全)

Two Types of Transfer
• Negative Transfer (负迁移) Errors arise from analogy. 类推会产生错误。 • Positive Transfer (正迁移) Errors decrease by analysis. 分析能减少错误。
We could turn negative transfer (interference) into positive (facilitation) by making analysis on differences between the two languages and arouse the learner‟s awareness of avoiding or reducing errors from analogy. 我们可以通过分析两种语言的差异,提高学生避免 或减少类推错误的意识,把负迁移(干扰)转化为正迁 移(促进)。
人在阵地在。 The position will not be given up so long as we are still living. 人无远虑, If one has no long-term considerations, 必有近忧。 he will find trouble at his doorstep.
English-Chinese Contrast and Translation 左飚
英 汉 对 比 与 翻 译
English-Chinese Contrast and Translation
左 飚
上海建桥学院 上海海事大学 zuobiao212@
欢迎光临
英 汉 对 比 与 翻 译
Chinese
Lacking inflection in the strict sense 缺少严格意义的 形态变化 老师们、同学们 我的爸爸、你的妈妈 认真的态度、 认真地学习

英汉对比与翻译(全)

英汉对比与翻译(全)

Examples of Negative Transfer
5、他建议我接受这个报价。 He suggested me to accept this offer . He suggested that I (should) accept this offer . He suggested my (me) accepting this offer .
英 汉 对 比 与 翻 译
English-Chinese Contrast and Translation
英 汉 对 比 与 翻 译
Three Parts
1. Language transfer 2. Linguistic contrast 欢迎光临 3. Contrast and translation
Causes: • analogical use of one‟s prior knowledge of the mother tongue 母语先知结构的类推运用 • scanty knowledge of differences between the two languages 对两种语言的差异所知甚少 • unconscious falling back on the mother tongue speech habit 不自觉地回归母语的言语习惯
Keen awareness of the similarities and differences between the two languages can facilitate FL learning. 对两种语言相似与相异点的敏锐意识能促进外语学习。
Negative Transfer (负迁移): Interference (干扰)
Please translate the following:

英汉修辞对比与翻译

英汉修辞对比与翻译

第七讲 英汉修辞对比与翻译
5. 英语多用长句和复合句。 With the gaining of our political freedom you will remember that there came a conflict between the
point of view of Alexander Hamilton, sincerely believing in the superiority of government by a small group of public-spirited and usually wealthy citizens, and, on the other hand, the point of view of Thomas Jefferson, and advocate of government by representatives chosen by all the people, and advocate of the universal right of free thought and free personal living and free religion and free expression of opinion and, above all, the right of free universal suffrage.
第七讲 英汉修辞对比与翻译
修辞是提高语言表达效果的手段。翻译工作既注意一般修辞又要注意特殊修 辞。 1)用词要贴切
翻译中应特别重视选词,要对原文和译文所用词语在词义的范围、轻重、分 寸及色彩方面仔细琢磨,反复推敲,以求译文用词精当、贴切。例如:
“修辞”是语言表达的艺术。使用修辞格的目的是为了使语言更加生动形象、鲜明突出,或者 使语言更加整齐匀称,音调铿锵,加强语言表现力和感染力,引起读者丰富联想的效果。修辞方式 (格)的本质就是所要解决怎样艺术而有效地运用语言形式来恰当地表达思想内容。

英汉句子比较与翻译

英汉句子比较与翻译

英汉句子重心的差异 汉语的习惯是叙事在前,表态在后。 英语的习惯是表态在前,叙事在后。

We believe that it is right and necessary that people with different political and social systems should live side by side—not just in a passive way but as active friends. 我们认为生活在不同政治社会制度下的各国人民 应该共处,不仅仅是消极共处,而是要积极地友 好相处,这是正确而必要的。
2)汉语无主句 用来表达观点、态度、要求、告诫、号召等 例句: 应该教育儿童说实话。 Children should be taught to speak the truth. 发现了错误,一定要改正。 Wrongs must be righted when they are discovered.
静态与动态
英语倾向于多用名词,因而叙述呈静态 (static);汉语倾向于多用动词,因而叙述呈 动态(dynamic) 英语句子中,名词与介词占优势 英语句子的静态趋向主要体现在句法的名词化 He failed in this exam, so he felt disherateded. His failure in the exam made him disheartened.




The visit gives me the opportunity which I have long sought, to see for myself the achievements of the Chinese people. 这次访问使我有机会亲眼看一看中国人民取得的成 就,这是我向往已久的。 I am heartened by the assurance which your Government has repeatedly given that the arrangements for Hong Kong contained in the Agreement are not measures of expediency. 贵国政府一再表示,协议中有关香港的安排不是权 宜之计,这种保证使我感到鼓舞。

英汉语对比与翻译

英汉语对比与翻译

There isn’t much to live for in this jail of a house. (Charles Dickens) 住在这监狱一样的房子里,活着没有多大 意思。 My fool of a doctor told me to make my will. (John Galsworthy) 我那笨蛋医生叫我写遗嘱。
Lecture One
Comparison between English and Chinese vs. Translation
引子
There
isn’t much to live for in this jail of a house. He was open now to charges of willful blindness. 人不犯我,我不犯人。 我走在厚厚的地毯上,一点脚步声也没 有。 一匹马骑两个人。 他赢得起,输不起。 沉鱼落雁之容,闭月羞花之貌
C-E: from personal to impersonal
一看到那棵大树,我便想起了童年的情景。 The sight of the big tree always reminds me of my childhood. 近来忙于其他事务,未能早些复信,深感抱 歉。 I am very sorry that the pressure of other occupations has prevented me from sending an earlier reply to your letter.
汉语动词常常重复或重叠
说是的说是,说非的说非,莫衷一是。 Some say “yes” and others say “no”; I don’t know whom to follow. 说说笑笑,跑跑跳跳,孩子们过得十分愉 快。 Talking and laughing, running and jumping, the children had a good time.

英汉句式对比与翻译

英汉句式对比与翻译

of the total population of the earth, China plays in world
affairs a role that can only grow more important in the
years ahead.
-- Jimmy Carter
Trunk line: S + V + (O) Branches and sub-branches : Adverbials and attributes
• 这样的英语句子,结构显得过于松散了,变成汉式英语而非典型地道的英语句子了。
为什么会这样呢?
• 英汉句子的差异:形合与意合 • 这种差异在翻译中给译者带来一定的障碍。将一个重形合的
语篇译成重意合的语篇,最常见的错误就是将形合的特点迁 移(transfer)到重意合的语言中。 • 翻译中译者面临的困难很多,但句型结构的迁移是最大的障 碍。现在不少译者的译文充斥着英语的句法结构,甚至还美 其名曰“忠实于原文”,这种观念实在有害。
• 英语的结构性就很明显,如:
• It is a curious fact, of which I can think of no satisfactory
explanation, that enthusiasm for country life and love of
• Because there is a great distance and there are not enough transport facilities, the rural world is isolated. This isolation has become more serious because there are not enough information media.

英汉语言对比及翻译

英汉语言对比及翻译

思果说:“千万不能跟英文走。” 2
1.刘宓庆.翻译与语言哲学[M].北京:中国对外翻译出版公司,2001: 78.)
2.思
果. 翻译研究[M]. 北京:中国对外翻译出版公司, 2001:23)
汉语的线性序列 与英语的空间结构
关于英汉语言的比喻
英语句子的结构: “葡萄藤型”结构 (grapevine structure),意为在短短的主 干上派生出长长的枝蔓和丰硕的果实;
1. 怒安. 傅雷谈翻译[M]. 沈阳:辽宁教育出版社2005:30
翻译中英汉语言对比的重要意义
就保留原文句法与译文体现原作精神 的问题,傅雷也有精辟的论述:“假如破 坏本国文字的结构与特性,就能传达 异国文字的特性而获得原作的精神, 那么翻译真是太容易了。不幸那种理 论非但是刻船求剑,而且结果是削足 就履,两败俱伤。” 1
英汉语言对比与翻译 (一)
翻译中英汉语言对比的重要意义
Jean Delisle, representative of French Interpretative Theory of Translation, says in his Translation: An Interpretive Approach, “In other words, each community has developed habits of expression that, over time, have been integrated into the language and lent it certain characteristics.”1
1. 怒安. 傅雷谈翻译[M]. 沈阳:辽宁教育出版社2005:2
翻译中英汉语言对比的重要意义
刘宓庆:“西方各语种在SLT与TLT之间的 实现形式转换的可行性比汉外翻译大得 多。……即既实现意义对应,又实现形式对 应。这在汉语与西方语言之间的转换中是根

英汉语篇衔接对比与翻译

英汉语篇衔接对比与翻译

英汉语篇衔接对比与翻译【2004年8级测试汉译英】①在人际关系问题上我们不要太浪漫主义。

②人是很有趣的,往往在接触一个人时首先看到的都是他或她的优点。

③这一点颇像是在餐馆里用餐的经验。

④开始吃头盘或冷碟的时候,印象很好。

⑤吃头两个主菜时,也是赞不绝口。

⑥愈吃愈趋于冷静,吃完了这顿宴席,缺点就都找出来了。

⑦于是转喜为怒,转赞美为责备挑剔,转首肯为摇头。

⑧这是因为,第一,开始吃的时候你正处于饥饿状态,而饿了吃糠甜加蜜,饱了吃蜜也不甜。

⑨第二,你初到一个餐馆,开始举筷时有新鲜感,新盖的茅房三天香,这也可以叫做“陌生化效应”吧。

Cohesive devices 衔接手段1. reference 照应2. substitution 替代3. ellipsis 省略4. conjunction 连接5. lexical cohesion 词汇衔接----- Halliday & HasanCohesion in English重复与替代汉英两种语言的部分语篇衔接手段在使用上有所偏重,汉语更常使用原词复现和省略,而英语则更多使用照应和替代。

汉语倾向于用重复手段,而英语倾向于用替代手段。

汉语不喜欢使用同义替代的手段,因为会使精神分散;也不喜欢使用代词,因为容易变得所指不明。

结果由于强调重复,反而变成了某种意义上的“形合”。

开始吃的时候你正处在饥饿状态,而饿了吃糠甜加蜜…as you start eating you are in hunger, and when you are in hunger chaff tastes as honey…(学生译文)…as you start eating you are in hunger, when chaff tastes sweet as honey…(参考译文)他这时来了,而这时我根本想不到他会来。

He came at a time when I least expected him.那是一个寒冷潮湿的晚上,这样的晚上大部分人待在家里。

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新中国成立后,中国始终把解决人民吃饭问题作为治国安邦的首 要任务。
原文译文:
Since the founding of the People‘s Republic of China (PRC) in 1949, China has always prioritized(优先处理,优先考虑) food security in state governance.
70年来,在中国共产党领导下,经过艰苦奋斗和不懈 努力,中国在农业基础十分薄弱、人民生活极端贫困的 基础上,依靠自己的力量实现了粮食基本自给
原文译文:
Despite a weak agricultural foundation and extreme poverty, the Communist Part y of China (CPC) has led an unremitting (不邂 的) campaign of hard work over the past 70 years that has made China basically self-sufficient in food supply.
增补法:汉译英时,增词多增添英语特色词汇 ,增加连词,使句子衔接更加连贯。
我的翻译:
Food is closely linked to national development and people‘s lives. Food security is the basis of a safe country.
重要政治词汇英译 “我将无我,不负人民。”
I will work selflessly and live up to the expectations of the people.
精准扶贫
targeted poverty alleviation
打赢蓝天保卫战
to make our skies blue again;fight to keep our skies blue / fight for blue skies
不仅成功解决了近14亿人口的吃饭问题,而且居民生活Байду номын сангаас量 和营养水平显著提升,粮食安全取得了举世瞩目的巨大成就。
原文翻译:
China now has enough food to feed its nearly 1.4 billion population, and has rema rkably improved the people's nutrition and life quality. China's food security is a s uccess of worldwide significance.
民为国基,谷为民命。
原文翻译: The people are the foundation of a country; food is the primary need of the people.
选词法:英语呈静态,因此多用名词,汉译英时要多用名词。英语的名词优势造成介 词优势。 意译:汉译英时有时为了避免直译多意译。如并没有把“命”直接翻译成life
增补法:汉译英时增加China 和 its 倒置法:“居民生活质量与营养水平”由主语变为宾语。 转译法:由形容词转译成名词。
我的翻译: China now neither successfully provide 1.4 billion people with food, but improve t he quality and nutrition level of residents. Food security has made remarkable ac hievement.
中国特色大国外交
pursue diplomacy with our own characteristics as a major country
党的领导、人民当家作主、依法治国
The Party as leaders, the people as masters, and law-based governance
Food Security in China
中国的粮食安全
民为国基,谷为民命。粮食事关国运民生,粮 食安全是国家安全的重要基础。新中国成立后, 中国始终把解决人民吃饭问题作为治国安邦的首 要任务。70年来,在中国共产党领导下,经过艰 苦奋斗和不懈努力,中国在农业基础十分薄弱、 人民生活极端贫困的基础上,依靠自己的力量实 现了粮食基本自给,不仅成功解决了近14亿人口 的吃饭问题,而且居民生活质量和营养水平显著 提升,粮食安全取得了举世瞩目的巨大成就。
我的翻译:People are the foundation of the country and food is the necessity of people.
粮食事关国运民生,粮食安全是国家安全的重要基础。
原文翻译: As food decides national prosperity and the people‘s wellbeing, food security is a major prerequisite(先决条件) for national security.
转译法:1.动词可以转译成有动词派生出来的名词; 2.汉语中动词转译成名词 增译法:增补时间
我的翻译:
To solve the food problem is considered as the primary assignment for nation govern ance and stabilization after the foundation of the people‘s republic of China.
增译法:汉译英时增添英语特色词。 省略法:英语中为了避免重复汉语“中国”的重复出现。 倒置法:汉语中时间状语多放在主句前方,汉译英时多把时间状语放在主句后方。
状语倒置成主语
我的译文: Among70 years, under the leadership of the communist party of China, We relied on ourselves and basically achieved selfsufficiency through hard work and skill ef forts in spite of weak foundation in agriculture and poor condition people.
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