英汉对比与翻译作业答案
新英汉翻译教程英汉语言对比答案
语言的表达方式不仅与文化有着密切的关 系，而且与思维及逻辑方式有着密切的关系。 这种思维及逻辑方式的差异在语言表达方式上 的表现既存在于语篇的思路和结构上，也存在 于句子水平上。
小节结束
8 返回章重点 退出
3. 1英汉语言特征对比
Comparisons between English and Chinese Language Features
12
返回章重点 退出
【译文】现在这些伟人只是横七竖八地挤在一起，埋 在黄土中；他们在世之时，堂堂英国却不足以供他们 驰骋，如今却遵照经济的原则，他们只分得那么小的 一块土地，那么黑暗而又贫瘠的一个角落；他们曾企 图让声名占有世代人的思想，获得人人的敬羡。如今 他们的坟墓却千方百计地雕出种种装饰，只是为了吸 引游客偶然的一顾，免得在短短的几年中就把他们的 名字匆匆忘怀。看了这些，想到人生的虚空，我又几 乎忍不住要惨然一笑了。
3.1.4 英语语序变换多，汉语结构较固定
3.1.5 英语多用被动，汉语常用主动
课堂互动1
3. 2 英汉词汇表达对比
3.2.1 英语词汇含义多 3.2.2 英语词汇搭配多
3.2.3 英语词汇在句中的位置多
课堂互动2
3. 3 英汉句法结构对比
3.3.1 英汉句子结构的互换
A. 英语简单句可转换成汉语复合句
【译文】白星公司的班轮泰坦尼克号在1912年处女航中 因撞上冰山而沉没，船上1 300多名乘客遇难。此后关 于她的种种传说便成为各种刊物、电影以及诗歌、歌 曲的内容而广为流传。
小节结束
22
返回章重点 退出
3. 1. 5 英语多被动，汉语常用主动 英语重物称，常采用无生命词汇作主
语，所以多被动句，并且不指出动作的执 行者；汉语重人称，习惯用表示人或物的 词汇作主语，大都以主动句的形式出现。
英汉语言对比-习题·+答案
英汉语言对比-习题·+答案预览说明:预览图片所展示的格式为文档的源格式展示,下载源文件没有水印,内容可编辑和复制英汉语言对比Synthetic vs. AnalyticⅠ. Answer QuestionsDirections: Answer the Questions in English briefly, with examples if necessary. 1.What are synthetic languages(综合语)? How are they characterized?According to Webster’s Ninth New Collegiate Dictionary, A synthetic language is “Characterized by frequent and systematic use of inflected forms to express grammatical relationship s”2.What are analytical languages（分析语）? How are they characterized?According to The Random House College Dictionary, An analytic language is “Characterized by a relatively frequent use of function words, auxiliary verbs and changes in words order to expr ess syntactic relations, rather than of inflected forms”.3.Why English language is more flexible in word order（语序）? Why is it not so inChinese?Because word order is more connected with the formal changes. If the form change is more flexible, the word order is more flexible. Chinese language is an analytic language, the word order cannot be change at random, in which the relationship between the words are closely related with word order and function words.4.What is the usual word order in English sentences? Whatare the nine types ofinversion in English sentences?The usual word order in English sentence is Subject-Verb-Object. The nine types of inversion in English sentences include: interrogative inversion, imperative inversion, exclamatory inversion, hypothetical inversion, balance inversion, link inversion, signpost inversion, negative inversion, metrical inversion.1. 5.What are the E—C differences in formal words（形式词）?English language is featured in its abundant function words, of which is article. Articles are frequent employed. To use an article or not, and to use a definite one or an indefinite one, makes great difference in expression of meaning. Auxiliary are more frequently used in Chinese. Chinese language contains auxiliary for tense, structural and mood. This last category is especially unique in the language for the richness for delineation of emotions, like the letters 呀、啦、哦、嘛、呢，and others.6.How many kinds of formal words （形式词）are there in English language?2.There are five types of formal words, that is:i.article, including a, an, and the;ii.preposition, like on, in, to, for, as, at, of, with, from, across, etc.;iii.auxiliary verb, like will, do, have;iv.coordinator, including and, but, or;subordinator, like unless, after, for, due to, etc.7.Why Chinese is called Tone Language（声调语言）?Chinese tone can be used for indicating the change of meaning and is not suitable for expressing the certainty, completeness, independence or finality.Ⅱ. Fill in the BlanksDirections: Fill in the blanks with the best answer you have found in the textbook.1.11.综合语的特征是经常性、系统性的运用曲折形式来表现语法关系为特征的语言，分析语的特征是分析语的特征是相对频繁地使用功能词，助词和改变词序来表达句法关系，而不用曲折形式来表达。
英汉语言对比练习答案2
1．翻译下列句子，注意调整语序1）A reader’s perception of the loose, slangy, colloquial, shirt-sleeved quality of much modern prose will be sharpened if he has experienced the conscious elegance of eighteenth-century writers and the solemn lecture-hall pronouncements of the Victorians. （按照逻辑顺序译）【译文】如果一位读者读过18世纪作家的作品，体会到其刻意追求典雅的语言风格，又读过维多利亚女王时代的人在演讲大厅上所作的庄严的发言，他定能更深刻地理解很多现代散文作品那种结构松散、口语色彩浓、好用俚语、不拘形式的语言风格。
2）He felt a qualm in his stomach, and it was more in memory of his own loneliness than anticipation of hers.（按照信息中心译）【译文】他感到一阵心酸，与其说是预见了她的凄凉，倒不如说是想到了他自己的孤独。
3）Based on national realities and taking reasonable aspects of foreign economies, Chinese economists are working to establish socialist market economy, which ensures economic activities follow the requirements of the law of value and the changing relationship between supply and demand. （按照搭配需要译）【译文】在立足本国实际和借鉴海外经济合理成分的基础上，中国经济学者正致力于建立社会主义市场经济，要保证经济活动遵循价值规律的要求，适应供求关系的变化。
英汉语篇衔接对比与翻译
英汉语篇衔接对比与翻译【2004年8级测试汉译英】①在人际关系问题上我们不要太浪漫主义。
②人是很有趣的，往往在接触一个人时首先看到的都是他或她的优点。
③这一点颇像是在餐馆里用餐的经验。
④开始吃头盘或冷碟的时候，印象很好。
⑤吃头两个主菜时，也是赞不绝口。
⑥愈吃愈趋于冷静，吃完了这顿宴席，缺点就都找出来了。
⑦于是转喜为怒，转赞美为责备挑剔，转首肯为摇头。
⑧这是因为，第一，开始吃的时候你正处于饥饿状态，而饿了吃糠甜加蜜，饱了吃蜜也不甜。
⑨第二，你初到一个餐馆，开始举筷时有新鲜感，新盖的茅房三天香，这也可以叫做“陌生化效应”吧。
Cohesive devices 衔接手段1. reference 照应2. substitution 替代3. ellipsis 省略4. conjunction 连接5. lexical cohesion 词汇衔接----- Halliday & HasanCohesion in English重复与替代汉英两种语言的部分语篇衔接手段在使用上有所偏重，汉语更常使用原词复现和省略，而英语则更多使用照应和替代。
汉语倾向于用重复手段，而英语倾向于用替代手段。
汉语不喜欢使用同义替代的手段，因为会使精神分散；也不喜欢使用代词，因为容易变得所指不明。
结果由于强调重复，反而变成了某种意义上的“形合”。
开始吃的时候你正处在饥饿状态，而饿了吃糠甜加蜜…as you start eating you are in hunger, and when you are in hunger chaff tastes as honey…（学生译文）…as you start eating you are in hunger, when chaff tastes sweet as honey…（参考译文）他这时来了，而这时我根本想不到他会来。
He came at a time when I least expected him.那是一个寒冷潮湿的晚上，这样的晚上大部分人待在家里。
第2章 英汉对比与翻译
原译：通过改变每天的食品和随意挑选衣服，我 们避免了形成一个固定的生活模式。
改译：欲避免一成不变的生活模式，可改变每天 的饮食，随意选择不同的服装。
例14 原句：已经拟定了一份新的课程纲要。 译文：A new syllabus has been drawn up.
our new home, wearing red baseball caps and
toothy smiles.
译文： 在我最喜欢的那张照片里，我们站在新
居的台阶上，头戴红色棒球帽，一个个
露齿而笑。
例13 原句：By changing daily food and randomly
7. 英语句子的谓语只能由动词担任；而汉语中谓语 可由所有的语言单位来承担。
由于汉语担任谓语的成分复杂，所以在汉译英时往往要重 新确定主语，必须将句子重心局限于谓语动词上，把看似 不能担任句子谓语的句子成分转化为英语的动词谓语。
例12 原文：In my favorite photo we are on the step of
wings.
译文：从某种程度上说，飞机的速度与机身和机翼的形
状有关。
Conclusion: 1. 英语重形态，汉语轻形态
英语词汇（主要是实词）有词形变化，而汉语词 汇一般来说并无词形变化。
如英语名词有人称、数、格的变化；动词有人称、 时态、情态、语气和非谓语动词变化；形容词和 副词有级的变化；代词则有人称和格的变化；许 多实词还可通过词缀引起词义和词性的变化等等。
英汉语言对比与翻译练习
英汉语言对比与翻译练习英汉语言对比与翻译练习注意事项：１．英汉语言句法／句式差别；２．体会英汉互译句式转换规律；Sentences:1.In praising the logic of the English language we must not lose sight of the fact that in mostcases where, so to speak, the logic of facts or of the exterior world is at war with the logic of grammar.2.邢夫人携了黛玉坐上，众老婆们放下车帘，方命小厮们抬起，拉至宽处，加上训骡，出了西脚门往东，过荣府正门，如一黑油漆大门内，至仪门前，方下了车。
3.When about three hundred men had been landed from these vessels and were marchingrapidly to camp, the Morini, who had been left by Caesar in a state of peace when he set out for Britain, were fired by the hope of booty, and surrounded the troops, at first with no very large number of folk, bidding them lay down their arms if they did not wish to be killed.4.I had spent a long day on a hired mule before the mail carrier who had been my guide pointedto a cabin on the far side of a stream, mutely refused the money I offered, and rode on.5.Mr. Kennedy apparently was hit by the first of what witness believed were three shots.6.And he knew how ashamed he would have been if she know had known his mother and thekind of place in which he was born, and the kind of people among whom he was born..7.The original members of the United Nations shall be the states which, having participated inthe United Nations conference on International Organization at San Francisco, or having previously signed the Declaration by United Nations of 1 January 1942, sign the present charter and ratify it in accordance with Article 110.8.After watching the fish for some time, they asked me for pairs of several different kinds,pointing them out as they walked down the row of tanks. I netted their choices into a traveling container and slipped it into an insulated bag fo r transport, handing it to the boy. “carry it carefully,” I cautioned.9.Sickness had robbed her of her confidence that she could carry the load.10.Loneliness held the great masses of immigrants together, and poverty kept them down.11.Starvation was a remote threat.12.There is a crying need for a new remedy.13.There was a mumbled conversation in the background. Then a man’s voice came on thephone.14.The whole devastating experience sharpened my appreciation of the world around me.15.She was always a crier any way.16.The car wound through the village and up a narrow valley, following a thaw-swollen stream.17.The boy, who was crying as if his heart would break, said, when I spoke to him, that he wasvery hungry because he had had no food for two days.18.A long course of poverty and humility, of daily privations and hard words, of kind office andno returns, had been her lot ever since womanhood almost, or since her luckless marriage with George Osborne.(Vanity Fair chapter 57)19.The isolation of the rural world because of distance and the lack of transport facilities iscompounded by the paucity of the information media.20.Petra had become the leader of the girls as soon as she snapped out of her original depressionat coming to Prague.21.Under these conditions there is a large store of energy available to maintain the pressure of theoil zone while production is taking place. This energy actually comes from the expansion of the aquifer water caused by the reduction in pressure resulting from the removal of oil from the reservoir.22.Two hundred pounds of muscle and sinew created by hard work and clean living had meltedto a hundred and sixty-odd; his senior clothing flagged about him.23.Because of the definite feeling in the country that the recession has bottomed out, only 31% ofthose surveyed now believe that the U.S. runs a risk of a major depression, down from 43% in February.24.The community of fowls to which Tess had been appointed as supervisor, purveyor, nurse,surgeon, and friend, made its headquarters in an old thatched cottage standing in an enclosure that had once been agarden, but was now a trampled and sanded square.( T ess of the D’urberville P60)25.By this time there had arisen a shout of laughter at the extraord inary appearance of Car’s back;which irritated the dark queen into getting rid of the disfigurement by the first sudden means available and independently of the help of the scoffers. She rushed excitedly into the field they were about to cross, and flinging herself flat on her back upon the grass began to wipe her gown as well as she could by spinning horizontally on the herbage and dragging herself over it upon her elbows. (Tess P70)26.The young girls formed, indeed, the majority of the band, and their heads of luxuriant hairreflected the sunshine every tone of gold, and black, and brown. Some had beautiful eyes, others a beautiful nose, others a beautiful mouth and figure: few, if any, had all. A difficulty of arranging their lips in this crude exposure to public scrutiny, an inability to balance their heads, and to dissociate self-consciousness from their features, was apparent in them, and showed that they were genuine country girls, unaccustomed to many eyes. (Tess of the D’urbervilles, Chapter II)27.林小姐这天从学校回来就撅起小嘴唇.她掼下书包,并不照例到镜台前梳头发搽粉,却倒在床上看着帐子出神.28.八一嫂正气得抱着孩子发抖，忽然见赵七爷满脸油汗，瞪着眼，准对伊冲过来，便十分害怕，不敢说完话，回身走了。
翻译理论英汉对比版 附带习题和部分答案(适合考试准备)
复习提纲：What is translation and its essence？（什么是翻译和其本质？）Translation is the expression in one language of what has been expressed in another language, preserving semantic and stylistic equivalence. It is a kind of cross-language, cross-culture and cross society language activity. Its essence is the meaning explanation and transformation翻译是用一种语言把另一种语言所表达的思维内容准确完整地重新表达出来的，跨语言，跨交际，跨社会的语言活动。
其本质是释意，意义的转换。
types of translation（翻译的分类）From the stand point of signs: intralingual translation，interlingual translation and intersemiotic translation从涉及的符号来看：语内翻译，语际翻译，符际翻译From the stand point of the extent to which translation is done：full translation，partial translation and translation plus editing从翻译的方法来看：全译，摘译，编译From the stand point of way in translation is carried out：written interlingual translation，oral interlingual translation and machine translation从翻译的手段来看：笔译，口译，机器翻译From the stand point of the languages involved：native language into foreign language and foreign language into native language从source language and target language的角度：本族语译外族语，外族语译本族语From the stand point of the subject matter：professional translation（juristic and science writings），literary translation（novel，poem and drama）and general translation从翻译的题材来看：专业翻译（法律，科技文献），文学翻译（诗歌，散文，戏剧），一般性翻译（各种应用文和新闻报道）procedure of translation（翻译的过程）accurate comprehension，adequate expression and testing（理解，表达，校核）comprehension contains grammatical analysis，semantic analysis，stylistic analysis and discourse analysis理解分为：语法分析，意义分析，风格分析和语篇分析adequate expression：literal translation，translation by ideas and both of them表达分为直译，意译和两者并用criteria of translation（翻译的标准）Alexander F. Tytler（亚历山大F. 泰特勒）（1）A translation should give a complete transcript of the ideas of the original work（译作应完全复写出原作的思想）（2）The style and manner of writing should be of the same character as that of the original（译作的风格和手法应和原作属于同一性质）（3）A translation should have all the ease of the original composition.（译作应具备原作具有的通顺）Popular western criteria：equivalent value，equivalent effect and equivalent function（西方流行标准：等值，等效，功能对等）similarity in function and correspondence in meaning（功能相似，语义相符）Fedorov（费德罗夫）The exactness of translation means the exact rendering of the thought and content of the original and performs the same rhetorical function as the original. （翻译等值理论）Eugene Nida （尤金奈达）functional equivalence（功能对等）The crucial problem of translation is often stated in terms of conflict between formal correspondence and functional equivalence.Yan Fu（严复）faithfulness, expressiveness and elegance（信达雅）译事三难，信，达，雅，求其信已大难矣，顾信矣不达，虽译犹不译也，则尚达焉。
英汉对比考试题及答案高中
英汉对比考试题及答案高中一、选择题1. 在英语中，"apple"一词的中文意思是：A. 香蕉B. 苹果C. 橘子D. 梨答案：B2. 在汉语中，“老师”一词在英语中通常翻译为：A. StudentB. TeacherC. DoctorD. Nurse答案：B3. 英语中的“Hello”在汉语中通常翻译为：A. 再见B. 你好C. 晚安D. 早上好答案：B4. 下列哪个词组在英语和汉语中意思相同？A. 吃一堑，长一智B. 一石二鸟C. 一箭双雕D. 一言难尽答案：C5. 英语中的“Homework”在汉语中通常指的是：A. 家庭作业B. 家务C. 家访D. 家庭答案：A二、填空题6. 英语中的“family”一词在汉语中可以翻译为“_______”。
答案：家庭7. 在汉语中，“学习”一词在英语中可以翻译为“_______”。
答案：study 或 learn8. 英语中的“Thank you”在汉语中通常翻译为“_______”。
答案：谢谢9. 汉语中的“朋友”在英语中可以翻译为“_______”。
答案：friend 或 friends10. 英语中的“Good morning”在汉语中通常翻译为“_______”。
答案：早上好三、翻译题11. 请将下列英语句子翻译成汉语：- "What's your name?"- "Where are you from?"- "How are you doing?"答案：- 你叫什么名字？- 你来自哪里？- 你最近怎么样？12. 请将下列汉语句子翻译成英语：- 你今天过得怎么样？- 我很高兴见到你。
- 明天见。
答案：- How was your day?- I'm very happy to meet you.- See you tomorrow.四、简答题13. 请简述英语和汉语在语法结构上的主要差异。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
The Assignment of a Contrastive Approach to Translation
Between English and Chinese ( III )
翻译下列句子或语段：
1.Only the thought of his mother gave him the strength to go on doing it.
想起母亲，他才鼓足勇气继续做了下去。
2.It was only my capacity for hard work that saved me from early dismissal.
要不是我能干重活，早就给辞退了。
3.China’s support is constant source of encouragement to us in the pursuit of social and
economic development and the maintenance of national independence.
中国的支持始终鼓励我们去追求社会和经济发展，维护国家独立。
4.Robots have found application for the exploration of the outer space.
机器人已用于探索外层空间。
5.He’s a big eater.
他这人非常能吃。
6.Of the girl’s sensations they remained a little in doubt.
译文一：姑娘的心思他们一时还无法断定。
译文二：他们一时还无法断定姑娘的心思。
7.He is inexperienced in driving.
译文一：开车他没有经验。
译文二：他开车方面没有经验。
8.And am I not indebted to you for the bread I eat?
译文一：我眼下有口饭吃，还不是多亏了你吗？
译文二：还不是多亏了你，我眼下才有口饭吃。
9.I’ll make my own decision in marriage.
译文一：婚姻的事我自己做主。
译文二：婚姻上我要自己做主。
译文三：我的婚姻我做主。
10.父母爱护子女无微不至。
译文一：Parents’ love of their children is perfect and minute.
译文二：Parents love their children perfectly and minutely.
译文三：Parents are perfect and minute in loving their children.
11.一定要少说空话，多做工作。
译文一: There must be less empty talk and more hard work.
译文二：We should talk less and do more hard work.
12.德国入侵波兰在全世界引起轰动。
译文一: German’s invasion of Poland caused an enormous sensation throughout the world.
译文二：German invaded Poland and it caused an enormous sensation throughout the world.
13.上下班他一般坐地铁。
He usually rides subways to and from work.
14.端午节吃粽子。
People eat rice dumplings on the Dragon Boat Festival.
15.这会儿正下着毛毛雨。
It’s drizzling at the moment.
16.不逢北国之秋，已将近十余年了。
译文一: I have not seen autumn in the North for over ten years.
译文二： It is more than a decade since I last saw autumn in the North.
17.众庄客一头笑着，扶了洪教头，羞颜满面，自投庄外去了。
The tenants burst into laughter and supported the fully shamefaced Master Hong in going out of the house.
18.沉默呵，沉默！不在沉默中爆发，就在沉默中灭亡。
Silence, silence! Unless one bursts out, he shall perish in this silence.
注意：请大家在做作业之前，仔细阅读课本中“刚性与柔性” (Rigid vs. S upple)、“静态与动态”
（Static vs. Dynamic）两章内容。