现在分词和过去分词的用法区别
现在分词和过去分词的用法及实例分析
Once recovered, he threw himselfsintoshis work and
made every effort to do it well.
grow better.
He looked tired and depressed, visibly disturbed by
the news of his mother's illness.
【例如】
We will go on with our experiment as soon as we get
the added fund.
tax-supported schools must be established in every town
____50 households or more. (CET-4 1998,1)
A)shavingsB) to have C) to have had D)shavingshad Town
After a night spent in excitement and sleeplessness, I
forced myself to take a long walk along the beach the
liberation. (the working people were inspired/ inspire
the working people)____the earth to be flat, many feared
.Inspired by the International, the working people of
all countries have been fighting for their final
过去分词与现在分词的区别
过去分词与现在分词的区别一、现在分词现在分词由动词加ing构成。
非谓语动词中的现在分词主要起形容词和副词的作用，在句中作定语、表语、补语或状语。
（一）、现在分词的两个基本特点。
1. 在时间上表示动作正在进行。
例如：a developing country. 一个发展中的国家，boiling water 沸水，rising sun 冉冉升起的太阳。
（试比较：a developed country 一个发达国家，boiled water 白开水，risen sun 升起的太阳）2. 在语态上表示主动。
例如：the ruling class 统治阶级，the exploiting class 剥削阶级。
（试比较：the ruled class 被统治阶级，the exploited class 被剥削阶级）(二)、掌握现在分词的基本功能。
1. 现在分词作定语，表示正在进行的或主动的动作。
也可以说明被修饰词的性质和特征，此时可换成相应的定语从句。
例如：①There was a terrible noise following the sudden burst of light.②He saw a flying bird and raised his bow.③I was satisfied with the exciting speech.2. 现在分词作状语时，可作时间、条件、结果、原因和伴随状语，表示正在进行的或主动的动作。
此时分词的逻辑主语就是主句的主语，因此要注意人称、时态和语态的一致性。
如：①The visiting minister expressed his satisfaction with the talks, adding that he had enjoyed his stay here.②European football is played in more than 80 countries, making it the most popular sport in the world.③Seeing from the top of the hill, we can find that the city looks more beautiful.3. 现在分词作补足语，表示正在进行的或主动的动作。
英语：现在分词和过去分词用法之异同
4.Most of the people ____ to the party were famous scientists. A. invited B. to invite C. being invited D. inviting 简析：该题应选A。测试过去分词作后置定语表达被动，等于定语 从句 who were invited 5.Most of the artists ____ to the party were from South Africa. A. invited B. to invite C. being invited D. had been invited 简析：该题应选A。测试过去分词作后置定语表达被动，等于定语 从句who were invited 6.The computer centre, ____ last year, is very popular among the students in this school. A. open B. opening C. having opened D. opened 简析：该题应选D。测试过去分词短语作定语放在所修饰的名词后， 可以用非限制性定语从句“which was opened last year”代替 7.The first textbooks ____ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century. A. having written B. to be written C. being written D. written 简析：该题应选D。测试过去分词作后置定语表达被动，等于定语 从句which were written
1.European football is played in 80 countries, ____ it the most popular sport in the world. A. making B. makes C. made D. to make 简析：首先，根据语法分析可知，待选部分在整个句中应作状语； 再根据 European football 对于 make 来说应是主动关系，即欧洲足 球使之本身成为一项最受世人欢迎的运动。因此，该题应选A。 2.____ a reply, he decided to write again. A. Not receiving B. Receiving not C. Not having received D. Having not received 简析：该题应选C。 测试非谓语动词的否定式是在其前直接加 not 。若动作发生在主句动作之前时用非谓语的完成式。 3.The visiting Minister expressed his satisfaction with the talks, ____ that he had enjoyed his stay here. A. having added B. to add C. adding D. added 简析：该题应选C。测试现在分词可以作补充说明的状语。
现在分词和过去分词的区别
现在分词和过去分词的区别分词在英语中的运用比较广泛，学生对分词的运用感到非常棘手。
若要想准确无误地运用分词，首先要搞清楚其概念和在句中的作用。
一、概述：英语中的分词被称为非谓语动词，它具有形容词，副词和动词的性质，在句中作定语、状语、表语、补语。
分词有两种：现在分词(v-ing)和过去分词(v-ed)。
二、现在分词和过去分词的区别：两者之间的区别主要表现在“时间”和“语态”两个方面。
1、时间区别：（1）现在分词表示一个动作正在进行之中；过去分词表示一个动作已经完成。
例如：falling leaves 正在飘落的树叶（树叶正在飘落这一过程）fallen leaves 落叶（树叶已落在地上完成飘落这一过程）boiling water 沸水（正在沸腾的水）boiled water 开水（已经烧开的水，沸腾这一过程已结束）（2）若在句中则要看动作是正在进行还是已经完成，若正在进行则用现在分词，若已完成则用过去分词.例如：A、He found the town changing every day.他发现我们这座城镇每天都在变化。
B、He found the town greatly changed.他发现这座城镇大大地改观了。
上述两句中，A句表示正在变化，B句表示变化这一动作结束、完成。
2、语态区别：（1）现在分词表示主动的意思，所修饰的人或物是分词动作的执行者，在语法上相当于主谓关系。
过去分词表示被动的意思，所修饰的人或物是分词动作的承受者，在语法上相当于动宾关系。
例如：①a moving film.一部感人的影片。
（影片内容感动）= a film moves people.（主谓关系）S V②the moved students. 受感动的学生们= the Ss are moved by ……（动宾→宾语被置于主语的位置，采用被动的语态）S V（2）若在句中，则要看与全句的主语或其逻辑主语之间的关系，是主动用现在分词，若为被动，则要用过去分词。
现在分词与过去分词的区别与用法解析
现在分词与过去分词的区别与用法解析现在分词和过去分词是英语中两种常见的非谓语动词形式。
它们在形态和用法上有一些不同之处。
本文将详细解析这两种形式的区别和用法。
一、形态上的区别1. 现在分词的形态现在分词的形态是动词的-ing形式，例如：working, playing, eating 等。
当动词作主语、表语、宾语补足语、定语、状语和谓语等时，常用现在分词形式。
2. 过去分词的形态过去分词的形态通常是在动词原形的基础上加上-ed、-d、-en、-t等词尾，例如：worked, played, eaten等。
过去分词在完成时态和被动语态中常作主语、表语、宾语补足语、定语、状语等。
二、用法上的区别1. 现在分词的用法（1）作主语：现在分词可以作为主语出现在句子中，表示正在进行或经常性的动作。
例如："Reading books is my hobby."（阅读书籍是我的爱好。
）（2）作定语：现在分词可以修饰名词作定语，常表示主动、进行或经常性的动作。
例如："The running water is very clear."（流动的水非常清澈。
）（3）作宾语补足语：现在分词可以作及物动词的宾语补足语，表示正在进行或经常性的动作。
例如："I saw him painting the house."（我看见他正在刷房子。
）2. 过去分词的用法（1）作主语：过去分词可以作为主语出现在句子中，表示完成的动作或状态。
例如："Broken glass covered the ground."（破碎的玻璃铺满了地面。
）（2）作定语：过去分词可以修饰名词作定语，表示被动或完成的动作。
例如："The lost key has been found."（丢失的钥匙已经找到了。
）（3）作宾语补足语：过去分词可以作及物动词的宾语补足语，表示完成的动作或状态。
现在分词与过去分词的主要区别
现在分词与过去分词当定语的另一个区别是现在分词表示动作正在进行，过去分词则表示动作已经完成。例如：
It is wel a developing country.
众所周知，中国属于发展中国家。
We are determined to work harder so as to catch up with the developed countries.
现在分词当补语表示主动或动作正在进行；过去分词则表示被动或动作已经完成或者指状态。例如：
I saw some foreign guests entering the headmaster’s office.
我看见有几位外宾正走进校长的办公室。
Waiting outside the operating room, she felt her heart beating violently.
现在分词与过去分词的主要区别
现在分词和过去分词主要的区别表现在语态和时间关系上。笔者想结合分词在定语、补语、状语及独立主格结构中的用法谈谈现在分词与过去分词的主要区别。
一、现在分词与过去分词当定语
现在分词与过去分词当定语的区别首先表现在被修饰词与现在分词之间是主动关系，过去分词当定语时被修饰的词与分词之间则是被动关系。单个分词作定语通常置于被修饰词之前，分词短语则要后置。例如：
3、强调条件时，一般只用过去分词。
Compared with other women, your mother is really lucky.
同其他妇女相比，你母亲真的很幸运。
4、如果用作时间状语，既表示被动又表示完成，可用过去分词也可用现在分词被动语态的完成式。
现在分词和过去分词的用法区别
现在分词和过去分词的用法区别
过去分词和现在分词的区别
1.在语态上现在分词表示主动的意思，表示它所修饰的人或物的行为;及物动词的过去分词表示被动的意思，表示它所修饰的人或物是动作的承受者。
换言之，现在分词是它修饰的成分所作出的动作，过去分词是它修饰的成分所承受的动作。
2.在时间上，现在分词往往表示动作正在进行，过去分词表示动作已完成。
3.做表语时的不同。
现在分词做表语表示主语所具有的特征，意思是“令人如何”。
过去分词多表示主语所处的状态，意思是“感到如何”。
4.做状语的区别，分词短语在句中可做时间、原因、方式、伴随状语。
现在分词的动作和谓语动作同时或几乎同时发生、意思是主动的。
而过去分词的动作在谓语动作之前发生、意思是被动的。
过去分词的用法
1.表示过去:即表示过去某时已发生的被动动作--由于既有完成的意味，又有被动意味，符合过去分词的基本特征。
2.表示同时:即表示与谓语动词同时(或几乎同时)发生的被动动作。
3.表示状态:即现在已经存在的态或过去(当时)的存在的一种被动的状态。
4.表示经常性或泛指:过去分词有两个基本特点，一是表示被
动，二是表示完成。
现在分词的用法
1.现在分词的一般式所表示的动作与主语动作同时发生。
2.当要表示一个被动动作时，现在分词就用被动形式。
3.分词的否定式总是将否定词not置于分词之前，遇上现在分词的完成式、被动式以及完成被动式，否定词应置于整个结构之前。
过去分词与现在分词
过去分词与现在分词用法比较英语中的分词分两种：现在分词（the present participle）和过去分词（the past participle）。
虽然它们在句子中都可作名词修饰语、接系动词补足语、宾语补足语等，但是它们形式不同，而且语义也有差别。
现在从四方面举例说明。
⒈现在分词表示动作是主动的和正在实行的（例①-③）；过去分词的动作是被动的和完成的（例④-⑥）：① The boiling water is hot.② A sleep ing baby is good to look at.③ She has a smiling face.④ You can use the boiled water to make tea.⑤ Where is my lost key?⑥ A broken mirror cannot be repaired.有时，因为两个动词“异词同义”，其分词也跟着不同，如：⑦a. Have you seen the man wearing a T-shirt?b. Who is the man dressed in a blue shirt?⑧a. His new book consisting of useful data has been well received.b. Do you like the book made up of untrue stories?⒉在语义上，现在分词和过去分词反映的心理状态不同。
前者有“令人……”的含义（见例⑨）；过去分词则有“感到……”的意思（见例⑩）：⑨ The soccer ma tch last night was thrilling.（令人紧张）⑩ The soccer fans were delighted.（感到快乐）其他例子有：● amazing: amazed;● annoying: annoyed;● boring: bored;● confusing: confused;● surprising: surprised;● terrifying: terrified试比较11a和b以及12a和b:11a. This is the most confusing system I have ever seen.11b. The children will get confused if asked to learn too much at a time.12a. David came with some surprising news.12b. All were surprised at Sam's sudden resignation.⒊在作宾语补足语时，假如宾语是相关分词逻辑上的主语，就用现在分词，如：13. The teacher found a student dozing off.14. Don't keep the visitor waiting.假如宾语和相关分词有“动词+宾语”关系，那么这个分词就要是过去分词了，如：15. Where did you get your book printed?16. You should have your office whitewashed.在13里，正在打瞌睡的是宾语“a student”; 在14里，宾语是“the visitor”。
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现在分词和过去分词的用法区别（一）分词的作用·现在分词可用于：·①构成进行时。
e.g. We are studying English.·②当副词作状语。
e.g. The children came, singing and dancing.·③当形容词作定语、宾补和表语。
·e.g. Falling leaves danced in the air.·I saw many birds flying along the river.·The story is very moving.·过去分词可用于：·①构成完成时。
e.g. The play had begun when we arrived there.·②构成被动语态。
e.g. English is widely spoken in the world.·③当副词作状语。
e.g. Seen here, the city looks more beautiful.·④当形容词作定语、宾补和表语。
·e.g. a boy named Tom·I saw the girl killed with my own eyes.·I’m interested in English.（二）现在分词与过去分词的两大差别1.在语态上：现在分词表主动，过去分词表被动。
2.在时态上：现在分词表进行，过去分词表完成。
（三）确定分词的使用的具体步骤（1）根据句子结构确定分词的语法成分（2）找准逻辑主语（3）判断主、被动关系（4）选定现在或过去分词1. There was a terrible noise ____ the sudden burst of light.A. followedB. followingC. to be followedD. being followed2. The Olympic Games, ____ in 776 B. C., didn’t include women until 1912.A. first playingB. to be first playedC. first playedD. to be playing3. What’s the language ____ in Germany?A. speakingB. spokenC. be spokenD. to speak4. Most of the people ____ to the party were famous scientists.A. invitedB. to inviteC. being invitedD. inviting5. The first textbooks ____ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century.A. having writtenB. to be writtenC. being writtenD. written（四）分词作表语共同点：分词作表语时，它起着形容词的作用。
不同点：分词作表语时，句子的主语就是该分词的逻辑主语。
但现在分词作表语时，与其逻辑主语之间是主动关系，所表示的动作一般与句中谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生；而过去分词则表示被动关系，所示动作一般发生在谓语动词之前或同时发生。
1. The news sounds ____.A. encouragingB. encouragedC. encourageD. to encourage2. —How did Bob do in the exams this time?—Well, his father seems ____ with his results.A. pleasingB. pleaseC. pleasedD. to please3. —How did the audience receive the new play?—They got very ____.A . exciteB . excitedC . excitedlyD . exciting（五）分词作宾语补足语共同点：分词在复合宾语中可作宾语补足语，对句子的宾语起补充或说明作用。
不同点：分词作宾语补足语时，句子的宾语就是该分词的逻辑主语。
但现在分词与其逻辑主语之间是主动关系，所表示的动作一般与句中谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生；而过去分词则表示被动关系，所示动作一般发生在谓语动词之前或同时发生。
1. The next morning she found the man ____ in bed, dead.A. lyingB. lieC. layD. laying2. —Good morning. Can I help you?—I’d like to have the package ____, madam.A. be weighedB. to be weighedC. to weighD. weighed3. He is not good at English, so it is not easy for him to make himself ______.A. understandB. understandingC. understoodD. understands4. If you wave your book in front of your face, you can feel the air ____ against your face.A. movedB. movingC. movesD. to move（六）分词作状语共同点：分词作状语时，一般在句子中作时间、原因、方式或伴随等状语。
不同点：分词作状语时，句子的主语就是该分词的逻辑主语。
但现在分词作状语时，与其逻辑主语之间是主动关系，所表示的动作一般与句中谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生；而过去分词则表示被动关系，所示动作一般发生在谓语动词之前或同时发生。
1. “Can’t you read?” Mary said ，____ to the notice.A. angrily pointingB. and point angrilyC. angrily pointedD. and angrily pointing2. ____ a reply, he decided to write again.A. Not receivingB. Receiving notC. Not having receivedD. Having not received3. The visiting Minister expressed his satisfaction with the talks, ____ that he had enjoyed his stay here.A. having addedB. to addC. addingD. added4．The murderer was brought in, with his hands ____ behind his back.A. being tiedB. having tiedC. to be tiedD. tied【模拟试题】I. 单项选择1. ____ the house on fire, he dialed 119.A. To seeB. SeeingC. Having seenD. Being seen2. I fell down and broke three of my teeth. I wonder how many times I have to come here and get my false teeth ____.A. fixB. fixingC. fixedD. to fix3. We’re ___ to list en to her ____ voice. It’s ___to hear her sing.A. pleased; pleasing; pleasureB. pleased; pleasant; a pleasureC. pleasing; pleased; a pleasureD. pleasing; pleasant; pleasure4. ___a post office, I stopped____ some stamps.A. Passed, buyingB. Passing, to buyC. Having passed, buyD. Pass, to buy5. ____with the size of the whole earth, the highest mountain does not seem high at all.A. ComparingB. To compareC. ComparedD. Having compared6. Here are some new computer programs ____for home buildings.A. designingB. designC. designedD. to design7. ____a little money, Jimmy was able to buy his mother a lovely new lamp.A. To saveB. SavingC. SavedD. Having saved8. The teacher came into the classroom ____by his students.A. followingB. to be followingC. followedD. having followed9. With the money ___, he couldn’t buy any ticket.A. to loseB. losingC. lostD. has lost10. There was so much noise in the room that the speaker couldn’t make himself ____.A. being heardB. hearingC. heardD. hear11. The result of the test was rather _____.A. disappointedB. disappointingC. being disappointedD. disappoint12. I’ve never he ard the word ____in spoken English.A. useB. usedC. usingD. being used13. _____how to do the homework, I went to ask my teacher for help.A. Not to knowB. Not knowingC. Knowing notD. Not known14. Deeply __, I thanked her again and again.A. being movingB. movedC. movingD. to be moved15. With winter _____on, it’s time to buy warm clothes.A. cameB. comesC. comeD. coming16. ____the office, the foreign visitors were shown round the teaching building.A. Having shownB. ShowingC. Has shownD. Having been shown17. He went from door to door, ____waste papers and magazines.A. gatheringB. gatheredC. gatherD. being gathered18. The student corrected his paper carefully, ____the professor’s suggestions.A. followB. followingC. followedD. being followed19. The ___price will save you one dollar for each dozen.A. reduceB. reducingC. reducedD. reduces20. People ____in the city do not know the pleasure of country life.A. liveB. to liveC. livedD. living21. The foreigner tried his best, but he still couldn’t make his point ___.A. understandB. understandingC. to understandD. understood22. The scientists were waiting to see the problem ______.A. settleB. settledC. to settleD. settling23. The library’s study room is full of students _____for the exam.A. busily preparedB. busy preparingC. busily prepareD. are busily preparing24. The ground is _____with ____ leaves.A. covering, fallingB. covered, fallingC. covered, fallenD. covering, fallen25. Lessons ____easily were soon forgotten.A. to learnB. learnC. learnedD. learning。