American General Election解析
美国政治体制解析
John G. Roberts
17th Chief Justice of the United States
Executive(行政)
the White House home and workplace of the U.S. president
The president is the commander-inchief of the military, can veto(否决) legislative bills before they become law, and appoints(任命) the Cabinet and other officers, who administer(执行) and enforce federal laws and policies.
The federal government is composed of three branches:
Legislative（立法）
The United States Capitol(国会大厦), which houses the United States Congtates Congress, made up of the Senate(参议院，上院)and the House of Representatives, (众议院) makes federal law, declares war, approves treaties, has the power of the purse, and has the power of impeachment,(弹劾) by which it can remove sitting members of the government.
the political system of American
美国政治制度用英语简洁介绍
美国政治制度用英语简洁介绍篇一：美国政治制度的英语作文The United State political systemAs far as I am concerned, I believe that the Constitutional federal republish of The United State is democratic. The United State federal system pursues the principe of “Checks and Balan ces”. The American constitution required that the state authority consisted of legislative branch, executive branch, judicial branch , which was parallel to others and restricted others. The Congress consists of the House and the Senate. Each state has two senators despite the population, which ensures that the small states have an equal power in one of the houses of Congress. The House of Representatives are elected according to the proportion of the population states. The main duty of the Congress is to make laws. Only when the House and the Senate vote and pass the bill and then send it to the president for his signature, can it become a law. The chief executive of the United State is the president.He is head of government, commander–in–chief of the armed forces and chief of state. The president is elected by the citizens and he has to be responsible for them. The president can veto the law that the Congressproposes. However,Congress can enact the law despite the president’s views only if two thirds of the members of both houses vote in favour of it. The judicial branch is headed by the Supreme Court. The judges are appointed by the president. The judges can have lifelong tenure if they do not commit a crime.In my opinion, I think that both the presidential election and the enactment of law in the United State are democratic. Thomas Jefferson ever said“As far as I understand it, the supreme power of the most reliable person in charge can only be the people themselves” in 1820. The American system of government represents the citizens benefit and promotes the economic development rapidly.However, the American system has also existed disadvantages. I think the racial prejudice is a serious problem in American society. A 18‐year‐old black youth named Michael Brown was shot by a white policeman and finally died in Missouri, America on August 9th 2014. whichcaused large‐scale demonstrations and developed the violent incident such as beating,smashing and looting in many places. When the grand jury judgedthat the white policeman can not be accused on November 24th , the protests spread quickly more than 170 cities in America. This issue caused wild public concern not only at home but also all over the world. Unfortunately, the racial problem has not been solved yet.Different from the America, China carried out the system of people’s congress, which fits our country’s situation. In political parties, America has two‐party system but China insists an single‐party system. I think that Chinese system has high efficiency in a short time but has poor long‐term stability, because of lacking power supervision. Instead, American system has low efficiency in short‐term but has high efficiency for a long time. Therefore, we can not say the Chinese system is superior to American system, because they both fit their own country’s situation and have positive impact on the economical development. However,the officials looting has become a more and more serious problem in our country. The officials’duties are serving to the people and doing something beneficial to the public. Butthey failed in their responsibility and looted,which may cause the public feel disappointed to the government. Although the government has taken effective measures to suppress the corruption,officials looting remains a serious problem in our country. So,I think that our government should perfect the power supervision system constantly and prevent the officials from looting. Only by doing this, our country may become better and better.篇二：美国政治制度英文the united state political systemin my opinion, i think that both the presidential election and the enactment of law in the united state are democratic. thomas jefferson ever said“as far as i understand it, the supreme power of the most reliable person in charge can only be the people themselves” in 1820. the american system of government represents the citizens benefit and promotes the economic development rapidly.however, the american system has also existed disadvantages. i think the racial prejudice is a serious problem in american society. a 18‐year‐old black youth named michael brown was shot by a white policeman and finally died in missouri, america on august 9th 2014. whichcaused large‐scale demonstrations and developed the violent incident such as beating,smashing and looting in many places. when the grand jury judgedthat the white policeman can not be accused on november 24th , the protests spread quickly more than 170 cities in america. this issue caused wild public concern not only at home but also all over the world. unfortunately, the racial problem has not been solved yet.the united state political systemin my opinion, i think that both the presidential election and the enactment of law in the united state are democratic. thomas jefferson ever said“as far as i understand it, th e supreme power of the most reliable person in charge can only be the people themselves” in 1820. the american system of government represents the citizens benefit and promotes the economic development rapidly.however, the american system has also existed disadvantages. i think the racial prejudice is a serious problem in american society. a 18‐year‐old black youth named michael brown was shot by a white policeman and finally died in missouri, america on august 9th 2014. which caused large‐scale demonstrations and developed theviolent incident such as beating,smashing and looting in many places. when the grand jury judgedthat the white policeman can not be accused on november 24th , the protests spread quickly more than 170 cities in america. this issue caused wild public concern not only at home but also all over the world. unfortunately, the racial problem has not been solved yet.一、英国政治体制的模式及特点英国的政治制度是典型的君主立宪制，其主要特点是“议会至上”、以内阁为权力核心、君主虚位、政党组织严密。
英语国家概况美国部分精讲2
Chapter 17 American History(III) in post-W.W.II Era(1945-1980S)[被屏蔽广告]必背细节1. On Feb 22,1946,George Kennan, a high-ranking official in the American embassy to Moscow, wrote in the telegram that the U.S.policy should be vigilant containment of Russian expansive tendencies. Later the containment policy became the official policy towards the Soviet Union.1946年2月22日，美国驻苏联大使乔治。
凯南在他的电报中主张对苏联采取遏制政策。
2．The open declaration of the containment policy was made by President Truman on March 12,1949 in a speech to the joint session of congress.1949年3月12日杜鲁门总统在国会联席会议上公开宣布了遏制政策。
3．In order to protect Western Europe from possible Soviet expansion, the U.S.decided to offer Western European countries economic aid. This later came to be called the Marshall plan.为了保护西欧不受苏联扩张影响，美国决定给予西欧国家经济支援，此举后来被称作"马歇尔计划。
"4．The North Atlantic Treaty, which was signed on April 4,1949,marked the beginning of U.S.efforts in setting up a military alliance around the Soviet Union and its allies.美国于1949年4月4日签订的北大西洋公约标志着美国开始致力于在苏联及其盟国周围建立军事同盟。
【2017年整理】Americanelection
United States presidential election1.Brief introduction about United States presidential electionThe election of the President and Vice President of the United States is an indirect vote in which citizens cast ballots for a slate of members of the U.S. Electoral College; these electors in turn directly elect the President and V ice President. Presidential elections occur quadrennially (the count beginning with the year 1792) on Election Day, the Tuesday between November 2 and 8, coinciding with the general elections of various other federal, states and local races. The most recent was the 2008 presidential election, held on November 4 that year. The next will be the 2012 election, to be held on November 6.The process is regulated by a combination of both federal and state laws. Each state is allocated a number of Electoral College electors equal to the number of its Senators and Representatives in the U.S. Congress. Additionally, Washington, D.C. is given a number of electors equal to the number held by the smallest state. U.S. territories are not represented in the Electoral College.Under the U.S. Constitution, each state legislature is allowed to designate a way of choosing electors. Thus, the popular vote on Election Day is conducted by the various states and not directly by the federal government. Once chosen, the electors can vote for anyone, but –with rare exceptions like an unpledged elector or faithless elector – they vote for their designated candidates and their votes are certified by Congress in early January. The Congress is the final judge of the electors; the last serious dispute was in the 2000 election.The nomination process, including the primary elections and the nominating conventions, were never specified in the Constitution, and were instead developed by the states and the political parties. This too is also an indirect election process, where voters cast ballots for a slate of delegates to a political party's nominating convention, who then in turn elect their party's presidential nominee.2.Fierce competition of presidential cand idates: Obama VS Romney3.1】2012年1月3日的共和党艾奥瓦州党团会议正式拉开美国总统大选帷幕。
英语短文：Elections(美国的选举)
英语短文：Elections(美国的选举)Suprises often come in boxes. Birthday presents wrapped in colorful paper, brown paper packages mailed from a friend. No matter what kind of box it is, people like to open it up and see what's inside. In America, and in many other countries, one special kind of box contains the future. It's called a ballot box. What people put into the box on election day can change the course of history.惊奇常常是在箱子里出现：包在彩色包装纸里面的生日礼物…朋友寄来牛皮纸包的包裹…不论是怎样的箱子，人们喜欢打开来看看里面是什么。
在美国以及其它许多国家，有一个特殊的箱子关系着未来，称为投票箱。
人们在选举日投在箱子里的东西可以改变历史的走向。
Elections are the lifeblood of a democracy. The word democracy literally means "the people rule," an important concept in America's history. In the mid-1700s, England began passing laws that made the American colonies angry. The colonists had to pay more and more taxes and enjoyed less and less freedom. They felt the government of England didn't represent their interests. On July 4, 1776, the colonies declared their independence from England. They wanted to establish a democracy where people could have a voice in government.选举是民主的原动力。
american presidential election
• The floor of the 2008 Republican National Convention at the Xcel Energy Center in Saint Paul, Minnesota.
• Each state isห้องสมุดไป่ตู้allocated a number of Electoral College electors equal to the number of its Senators and Representatives in the U.S. Congress. • Additionally, Washington, D.C. is given a number of electors equal to the number held by the smallest state. U.S. territories are not represented in the Electoral College.
• A United States presidential nominating convention is to select the party's nominee for President, as well as to adopt a statement of party principles and goals.
• Late September and October – Presidential election debates • Early November – Election Day • (the first Tuesday after the first Monday in November) • December – Electors cast their electoral votes • Early January of the following calendar year – Congress counts the electoral votes • January 20 of the following calendar year – Inauguration Day
新闻热词英语表达系列之72：“美国总统大选”
新闻热词英语表达系列之72：“美国总统大选”“美国总统大选”的英文表达为US presidential election。
美国东部时间6日零时，四年一度的美国总统选举投票正式开始，美国新罕布什尔州迪克斯维尔山口的选民率先开始投票,这标志着四年一度的美国总统选举投票正式开始。
美国大多数地区的投票将于美国东部时间6日上午至当日晚间进行,将从美国现任总统奥巴马和马萨诸塞州前州长罗姆尼两人中选出美国第57届总统。
尽管计票工作会持续较长时间,但基本反映选举结果的投票站出口民调结果在6日深夜(北京时间7日中午)将会揭晓。
我们来看相关英文报道：Voters in the tiny New Hampshire town of Dixville Notch cast theirvotes just after midnight (0500 GMT Tuesday), kicking off the quadrennial US presidential election on Tuesday.The town is the first to cast ballots in the nation. Polling stations elsewhere are generally open between morning till nightfall on election day.Only ten voters cast their ballots, and the result showed a tie, with President Barack Obama and Republican presidential nominee Mitt Romney each garnering 5 votes.美国新罕布什尔州小镇迪克斯维尔山口的选民周二零时率先开始投票，标志着四年一度的美国总统大选正式拉开帷幕。
这一小镇是全国率先开始投票的地方，其他地方的投票站也都会在大选日的凌晨至傍晚开放。
America's election
America's election美国大选Everything to play for竭力求胜The race for the White House has got even closer. Now the candidates must face up to the real issues问鼎白宫战局胶着，候选人双方现在必须正视现实问题。
Oct 6th 2012 | from the print editionWHAT was starting to seem like a boringly foregone conclusion came alive on the night of October 3rd. In the first of America’s three pr esidential debates, an affable and unruffled Mitt Romney outclassed Barack Obama. The president looked and sounded tired, and failed to mount anything remotely resembling a clear defence of his four years in office, let alone an inspiring vision for the four to come.原本看似已成定局的乏味大选在10月3日晚上发生了逆转。
在三场美国总统候选人辩论的第一场中，米特•罗姆尼的和蔼亲民和沉着冷静令巴拉克•奥巴马相形见绌。
奥巴马的面容和声音都透着疲惫，完全无法为其在四年任期中的所作所为进行任何有力辩护，更别说承诺下一个激动人心的四年了。
For Mr Romney, the debate came as a relief after a difficult month. Since the Republican andDemocratic conventions there has been a sizeable poll bounce for Mr Obama, but nothing of the sort for Mr Romney. Two PR disasters took their toll in September. In one, the Republican contrived to sound petty and unstatesmanlike just as news was breaking that the American ambassador to Libya had been murdered by extremists; in another, the rich businessman appeared to have written off 47% of the country as useless parasites who would vote for his opponent because they did not pay income tax.这场辩论使罗姆尼在一个月艰难竞选后终于松了一口气。
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Election calendar
• The entire presidential campaign and election process usually takes almost two years. The typical periods of this process are as follows: Spring of the previous calendar year – Candidates announce their intentions to run Summer to December of the previous calendar year – Primary and caucus debates January to June – Primaries and caucuses July to early September – Nominating conventions (including those of the minor third parties) Late September and October – Presidential election debates Early November – Election Day December – Electors cast their electoral votes Early January of the following calendar year – Congress counts the electoral votes January 20 of the following calendar year – Inauguration Day
美 国 总 统 候 选 人 辩 论
U.S. President Barrack Obama (R) and Republican presidential candidate Mitt Romney attend the first presidential debate at Denver University, Denver, Colorado, the United States, Oct. 3, 2012. 10月3日，在美国科罗拉多州丹佛大学，美国总统奥巴马 （右）与共和党总统候选人罗姆尼出席总统选举首场辩论。
奥巴马竞选宣传片 《如果2012奥巴马没有当选》
总统就职
• 美国总统就职仪式有２００多年历史，在 沿袭传统的同时，也随着一些客观和主观 因素而改变。１９３７年富兰克林· 罗斯福 总统首次连任时，就职日期被最终确定为 １月２０日。 总统宣誓仪式一般安排在中 午，首先由副总统宣誓就职，然后总统在 最高法院首席法官见证下宣誓就职。随后， 军乐队奏响《鼓号齐鸣》，向新上任的领 导人表示致敬，并由美国陆军第３炮兵团 鸣２１响礼炮。最后，新任总统发表就职 演说，宣布执政纲领。
美国当地时间2012年3月6日晚（北京时间3 月7日上午），美国共和党将在10个州举行初选， 2012年共和党初选中规模最大的一天。由于该日 的结果往往决定最终人选，因此被称为“超级星 期二”。
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选举人团Electoral College制度
美国总统选举实行选举人团制度，因此选民 Voter投票时，不仅要在总统候选人当中选择，而且 要选出代表５０个州和首都华盛顿哥伦比亚 Columbia特区的５３８名选举人，以组成选举人团。 在大选中，美国绝大多数州和首都实行“胜者全 得”Winner takes all制度，即在一州或首都获得选 民票最多者获得该州或首都所有选举人票。赢得２ ７０张或以上选举人票的总统候选人即获得选举胜 利。因此，根据各州选举人票归属情况，通常大选 日当晚就能决出选举获胜者。
预选有两种形式，分别是政党基层会议和直接预选。 前者是指两党在各州自下而上，从选举点、县、选区到州 逐级召开代表会议，最终选出参加全国代表大会的代表， 获得多数代表支持的竞选人就被认为赢得了该州预选。与 政党基层会议不同，直接预选在形式上如同普选，一个州 的两党选民同一天到投票站投票选出本党全国代表大会代 表。美国大多数州都采用直接预选。
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美国"第一夫人"米歇尔 在 民主党全国代表大会 演讲
美国总统选举第一阶段——预选
预选Preselection是美国总统选举的第一阶段The first stage，通常从大选年年初开始，至６月份结束。在预选 阶段，两党分别在全国５０个州及首都华盛顿 Washington陆续选出参加本党全国代表大会的代表。预 选结束后，两党分别在八、九月份召开全国代表大会确定 本党总统候选Candidate。
美国主要政党
• 美国共和党 (Republican Party) ，又称“老大党”，是 美国两大政党之一，其标志是 大象，代表色为红色。共和党 的前身为１７９２年成立的民 主共和党。１８２５年，民主 共和党发生分裂，其中一派组 成国民共和党，１８３４年改 称辉格党。１８５４年７月， 辉格党与北部民主党和其他反 对奴隶制的派别联合组建了共 和党。 １８６０年１１月， 共和党领导人林肯当选总统， 该党首次执政。 • 美国民主党 (Democratic Party) 其前身是托马斯· 杰斐逊在１７ ９２年创立的民主共和党，建 党初期主要代表南方奴隶主、 西部农业企业家和北方中等资 产阶级的利益。１９世纪初， 民主共和党发生分裂，一派自 称国民共和党，后来改称辉格 党。以安德鲁· 杰克逊为代表的 一派于１８２８年建立民主党， 并于１８４０年正式定名。２ ００８年，民主党人奥巴马成 为美国历史上首位黑人总统。
American General Election
美国选举基本制度
INTRODUCTION
美国 实行总统制 presidential system，总统选 举每四年举行一次。美国总统选举制度复杂，过程 漫长。 选举的主要程序包括： 1预选Preselection、 2各党召开全国代表大会确定总统候选人、 3总统候选人竞选Candidate election、 4全国选民投票Voter vote、 5选举人团投票表决Electoral College vote 6当选总统就职Presidential inauguration。