(句子练习)strong forms and weak forms

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语音知识1 Strong forms and weak forms 强读与弱读

语音知识1    Strong forms and weak forms 强读与弱读

语音知识1 Strong forms and weak forms 强读与弱读英语中约有五十个左右的单词有两种或两种以上读音形式,即强读式和弱读式。

这些词使用频率很高,一般多为虚词(form words),主要有:pronouns(代词), personal(人称代词), possessive(物主代词), relative pronouns (关系代词), indefinite pronoun (不定代词)“some” ( 表示不确定的量denoting indefinite quantity).强读式strong forms主要用于:○1该词单独出现时(when the word is said in isolation);○2在连续的话语中,该词被强调时;They don’t believe, do they?/ðei 'dәunt bi'li:v 'du:ðei /You must choose us or them./ju: mәst 'ʧu:z 'Λs ɔ: 'ðem /○3某些情况下该词处于非重读位置,如:位于意群末尾或句末(Who is on duty today?)---- I am./'ai æm/What are you looking at?/'wɔt әju: 'lukiŋ æt/弱读式Weak Form一般用于非重读或非强调(unstressed)情况下。

弱读形式与重读形式的区别:•(1) 元音的长度不同。

弱读形式中一般元音时长较短,且读得比较轻快。

•(2) 元音不同。

很多元音(除/ɑI / 和oi oy 的组合音/ɔI/ 外)都可以弱化为/ə/ 或/I/,其中尤其/ə/ 的使用率最高。

•(3) 弱读中有省音现象(元音或辅音省略)。

元音弱化的一些规律:1.一些强读式中的长元音/i:/ 在弱读时会变成元音/ I /;如:the /ði:/, 在短语the other end中,常读作/ði 'Λðәr 'end/.2.其他很多元音在弱读情况下会弱化为/ә/, 如was /wɔz/, for/fɔ:/, them/ðem/, to/tu:/下列句子It was too difficult for them to read通常读作/ I t wәz 'tu: 'd I f I kәlt fә ðәm tә 'ri:d/(黑体字为需要重读的词,蓝色词为非重读强调的词,蓝色单词应读得轻、快)一些单词的强读和弱读形式比较:音的同化与省略1.出现在双唇音/m,p,b/前面的/n,t,d/ 分别同化为双唇音/m,p,b/ 例如:原来读音在词组中的音变in /in/ in bed /im 'bed/ten/ten/ ten minutes /'tem 'minits/don’t/dәunt/don’t be late./'dәump bi 'leit/good/gud/ good-bye/gub bai/2.在/k,g/ 之前的/n,t,d/ 同化为/ŋ,k,g/本音词组中in /iŋ/ in case /iŋ 'keis/don’t /dәunt/ I don’t care./ai 'dәuŋk 'kεә/good /gud/ good girl /gug 'gә:l/3.出现在/ʃ/ /j/ 之前的/s/ /z/ 分别同化为/ʃ/ /ʒ/.本音词组中this /ðis/ this shape /'ðiʃ'ʃeip/this year /'ðiʃ'jiә/has /hæz/ has she come /'hæʒʃi 'kΛm/where’s yours/'wεәʒ'jɔ:z/4./tj/ /dj/ 组合在非重读音节中分别转化为/ʧ/,/ʤ/education /,eʤukei'ʃn/ situation /,siʧuei'ʃn/I’m glad to meet you. /aim 'gæld tә mi:ʧu/Did you like it? /'diʤu 'laik it/5. 省音会发生在一个词的内部,或者相邻两个词之间。

古英语语法

古英语语法

古英语语法1. Strong and Weak Verbs- Example: "I sing" (Strong verb); "I do" (Weak verb)- Chinese Translation: 我唱歌(强动词);我做(弱动词)2. Noun Cases- Example: "The cat's toy" (Genitive case)- Chinese Translation: 猫的玩具(属格)3. Pronoun Forms- Example: "He" (Nominative case); "Him" (Accusative case)- Chinese Translation: 他(主格);他(宾格)4. Verb Conjugations- Example: "I go" (Present tense, 1st person singular)- Chinese Translation: 我去(现在时,第一人称单数)5. Subjunctive Mood- Example: "If I were you, I would go."- Chinese Translation: 如果我是你,我会去。

6. Infinitive and Participle Forms- Example: "To go" (Infinitive); "Going" (Present participle)- Chinese Translation: 去(不定式);正在去(现在分词)7. Adjective Endings-Example: "Strong" (Positive); "Stronger" (Comparative); "Strongest" (Superlative)- Chinese Translation: 强(原级);更强(比较级);最强(最高级)8. Indefinite and Definite Articles- Example: "A book" (Indefinite article); "The book" (Definite article)- Chinese Translation: 一本书(不定冠词);这本书(定冠词)9. Gender and Number- Example: "Man" (Masculine, singular); "Men" (Masculine, plural)- Chinese Translation: 男人(单数,阳性);男人们(复数,阳性)10. Adverb Placement- Example: "She sings beautifully."- Chinese Translation: 她唱歌唱得很美。

Unit 3 重点单词变形,词组,短语,句型练习

Unit 3 重点单词变形,词组,短语,句型练习

Unit 3 重点单词变形,词组,短语,句型练习高一英语(人教版2019必修第一册)一、词性转换(共 10 分)1-10、(10分)1. 词性转换【小题1】(1分)1. honour n. 荣誉;尊敬;荣幸vt. 给予表扬→①adj. 光荣的;可敬的;高贵的honour“荣誉;尊敬;荣幸;给予表扬”,名词或动词,其形容词形式是honourable “光荣的;可敬的;高贵的”,故【答案】:是honourable。

【小题2】(1分)1. glory n. 荣誉;光荣;赞美→①adj. 光荣的;辉煌的;极好的glory“荣誉;光荣;赞美”,名词,其形容词形式是glorious“光荣的;辉煌的;极好的”,故【答案】:是glorious。

【小题3】(1分)1. champion n. 冠军;优胜者→①n. 锦标赛;冠军赛;冠军称号champion“冠军;优胜者”,名词,其名词形式是championship“锦标赛;冠军赛;冠军称号”,故【答案】:是championship。

【小题4】(1分)1. determine vi. &vt. 决定;确定→①n. 决心;决定→②adj. 有决心的determine“决定;确定”,动词,其名词形式是determination“决心;决定”;其形容词形式是determined“有决心的”,故【答案】:是determination和determined。

【小题5】(1分)1. injure vt. 使受伤;损害→①n. 损伤;伤害→②adj. 受伤的→③adj. 有害的injure“使受伤;损害”,动词,其名词形式是injury“损伤;伤害”;形容词形式是injured“受伤的”以及injurious“有害的”,故【答案】:是injury;injured和injurious。

【小题6】(1分)1. grace n. 优雅;恩惠;魅力;慈悲→①adj. 优美的;优雅的→②adj. 和蔼的;慈祥的grace“优雅;恩惠;魅力;慈悲”,名词,其形容词形式是graceful“优美的;优雅的”以及gracious“和蔼的;慈祥的”,故【答案】:是graceful和gracious。

Strong_Forms_and_Weak_Forms

Strong_Forms_and_Weak_Forms

chips.




as / {z / but / bVt / expensive. so /s@U / than / D{n / that / D{t / coming.
/ @z / Just as you like. / b@t / It’s good but / s@ / It’s not so cold here. /D@n/, /Dn/ It’s bigger than this. / D@t / He said that he was


Practice: Act out the following dialogue with your partner.
the old.
your
/ jOime.

English function words that have weak forms: words strong forms weak forms examples me / mi: / / mI / Let me have a look. she / Si: / / SI / Did she come? them / Dem / /D@m/, /Dm/ Let them go. us / Vs / / @s / He told us a story. we / wi: / / wI / Here we are. you / ju: / / jU / Did you see my pen? him / hIm / / Im / Give him a pen. am / {m / /@m/, /m/ I’m proud of it. are / A: / /@/ What are you doing?
3. when function words with an initial /h/ sound (he, his him, her, have, has, had) are at the beginning of utterances: He loves her. His mother is very nice. Her family gave her good education. Have you finished it? Has he gone? Had you finished it when he came? (The /h/-dropping is quite common in words beginning with the sound /h/ when these words occur in their weak forms in casual speech, but never at the beginning of an utterance.)

Weak forms(弱读)

Weak forms(弱读)

Content words vs. function words
Content words: nouns, verbs, adjectives, and adverbs
giving information about who, what, when, where, why, how
expressing the main idea or content of the phrase or sentence
Main features of the weak forms
Main features of the weak forms Reductions of the length of sounds
Obscuration of vowels towards the schwa Elision of vowels and consonants
I had a knife.
9.
I'm afraid we must go.
I'm afraid we must go.
10.
Come with me, Jill.
Come with me, Jill.
Pronunciation ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________
1.
Get me some bread and butter.
Get me some bread and butter.

语音知识1 Strong forms and weak forms 强读与弱读

语音知识1    Strong forms and weak forms 强读与弱读

语音知识1 Strong forms and weak forms 强读与弱读英语中约有五十个左右的单词有两种或两种以上读音形式,即强读式和弱读式。

这些词使用频率很高,一般多为虚词(form words),主要有:pronouns(代词), personal(人称代词), possessive(物主代词), relative pronouns (关系代词), indefinite pronoun (不定代词)“some” ( 表示不确定的量denoting indefinite quantity).强读式strong forms主要用于:○1该词单独出现时(when the word is said in isolation);○2在连续的话语中,该词被强调时;They don’t believe, do they?/ðei 'dәunt bi'li:v 'du:ðei /You must choose us or them./ju: mәst 'ʧu:z 'Λs ɔ: 'ðem /○3某些情况下该词处于非重读位置,如:位于意群末尾或句末(Who is on duty today?)---- I am./'ai æm/What are you looking at?/'wɔt әju: 'lukiŋ æt/弱读式Weak Form一般用于非重读或非强调(unstressed)情况下。

弱读形式与重读形式的区别:•(1) 元音的长度不同。

弱读形式中一般元音时长较短,且读得比较轻快。

•(2) 元音不同。

很多元音(除/ɑI / 和oi oy 的组合音/ɔI/ 外)都可以弱化为/ə/ 或/I/,其中尤其/ə/ 的使用率最高。

•(3) 弱读中有省音现象(元音或辅音省略)。

元音弱化的一些规律:1.一些强读式中的长元音/i:/ 在弱读时会变成元音/ I /;如:the /ði:/, 在短语the other end中,常读作/ði 'Λðәr 'end/.2.其他很多元音在弱读情况下会弱化为/ә/, 如was /wɔz/, for/fɔ:/, them/ðem/, to/tu:/下列句子It was too difficult for them to read通常读作/ I t wәz 'tu: 'd I f I kәlt fә ðәm tә 'ri:d/(黑体字为需要重读的词,蓝色词为非重读强调的词,蓝色单词应读得轻、快)一些单词的强读和弱读形式比较:音的同化与省略1.出现在双唇音/m,p,b/前面的/n,t,d/ 分别同化为双唇音/m,p,b/ 例如:原来读音在词组中的音变in /in/ in bed /im 'bed/ten/ten/ ten minutes /'tem 'minits/don’t/dәunt/don’t be late./'dәump bi 'leit/good/gud/ good-bye/gub bai/2.在/k,g/ 之前的/n,t,d/ 同化为/ŋ,k,g/本音词组中in /iŋ/ in case /iŋ 'keis/don’t /dәunt/ I don’t care./ai 'dәuŋk 'kεә/good /gud/ good girl /gug 'gә:l/3.出现在/ʃ/ /j/ 之前的/s/ /z/ 分别同化为/ʃ/ /ʒ/.本音词组中this /ðis/ this shape /'ðiʃ'ʃeip/this year /'ðiʃ'jiә/has /hæz/ has she come /'hæʒʃi 'kΛm/where’s yours/'wεәʒ'jɔ:z/4./tj/ /dj/ 组合在非重读音节中分别转化为/ʧ/,/ʤ/education /,eʤukei'ʃn/ situation /,siʧuei'ʃn/I’m glad to meet you. /aim 'gæld tә mi:ʧu/Did you like it? /'diʤu 'laik it/5. 省音会发生在一个词的内部,或者相邻两个词之间。

unit 10练习

Unit 10 Strong Forms and Weak FormsListening Exercise 1Listen to the following words. First you will hear the function word in its strong form and weak form. Then you will hear a sentence with the weak form of the word.Words Strong form Weak form Sample sentence1. a /e✋/ /☜/ We've got a dog.2. an /✌n/ /☜n/ Take an apple.3. her /h☜:/ /h☜/, /☜:/, /☜/ What's her name?4. his /h✋z/ /✋z/ John had his haircut.5. our /a☺☜/ / :/ We can do it on our own.6. some /s✈m/ /s☜m/, /sm/ Get me some water.7. the /❆i:/ /❆✋/, /❆☜/ They saw the young and the old.8. your /j :/ /j☜/ Take your time.9. he /hi:/ /h✋/, /✋/ What did he do?10. me /mi:/ /m✋/ Let me have a look.11. she /☞i:/ /☞✋/ Did she come?12. them /❆em/ /❆☜m/, /❆m/ Let them go.13. us /✈s/ /☜s/ He told us a story.14. we /wi:/ /w✋/ Here we are.15. you /ju:/ /j☺/ Did you see my pen?16. him /h✋m/ /✋m/ Give him a pen.17. am /✌m/ /☜m/, /m/ I'm proud of it.18. are / :/ /☜/ What are you doing?19. be /bi:/ /b✋/ Don't be late.20. can /k✌n/ /k☜n/, /kn/ What can I do?21. do /du:/ /d☜/, /d/ What do you do on Sundays?22. does /d✈z/ /d☜z/ When does the train leave?23. had /h✌d/ /h☜d/, /☜d/, /d/ How many had he had?24. has /h✌z/ /h☜z/, /☜z/, /z/, /s/ What has happened?25. have /h✌v/ /h☜v/, /☜v/, /v/ The kids have gone.26. is /✋z/ /z/, /s/ He is coming.27. must /m✈st/ /m☜st/, /m☜s/ We must go now.28. shall /☞✌l/ /☞☜l/, /☞l/ What shall we do?29. was /w z/ /w☜z/, /wz/ He was out.30. were /w :/ /w☜/ We were all late.31. will /w✋l/ /w☜l/, /☜l/ That will do.32 at /✌t/ /☜t/ Look at him.33. for /f :/ /f☜/ Is it for me?34. from /fr m/ /fr☜m/, /frm/ They come from the states.35. of / v/ /☜v/, /v/, /f/ It's very kind of you.36. to /tu:/ /t☜/ You don't have to worry.37. and /✌nd/ /☜nd/, /☜n/, /nd/, /n/ We had fish and chips.38. as /✌z/ /☜z/ Just as you like.39. but /b✈t/ /b☜t/ It's good but expensive.40. so /s☜☺/ /s☜/ It's not so cold here.41. than /❆✌n/ /❆☜n/ It's bigger than this.42. that /❆✌t/ /❆☜t/ He said that he was coming. Listening Exercise 2Listen to each of the following sentences twice. First mark the pronunciation of the function words in the sentence. Then write down the meaning of the underlined part of the sentence.Example: We saw Jack and Jill. and /n/ both Jack and JillWe saw Jack and Jill. and /✌nd/ not only Jack but also Jill1. Get me some bread and butter. ________ _____________________Get me some bread and butter. ________ _____________________2. She gave it to us. ________ _____________________She gave it to us. ________ _____________________3. Lucy and Lilly are sisters. ________ _____________________Lucy and Lilly are sisters. ________ _____________________4. Take an apple. ________ _____________________Take an apple. ________ _____________________5. I've got a cat. ________ _____________________I've got a cat. ________ _____________________6. The performance was good. ________ _____________________The performance was good. ________ _____________________7. John can do it. ________ _____________________John can do it. ________ _____________________8. I had a knife. ________ _____________________I had a knife. ________ _____________________9. I'm afraid we must go. ________ _____________________I'm afraid we must go. ________ _____________________10. Come with me, Jill. ________ _____________________Come with me, Jill. ________ _____________________ Listening Exercise 3Listen to the following sentences. Draw a line through the unstressed function words.Example: I was thinking of you all the time.1.It is not an easy decision to make.2.No one can pass the test.3.What is her name?4.They have been here the whole afternoon.5.Can I have some more?6.He was good, wasn't he?7.We will wait till the end of the party.8.She opened her eyes and saw the girl at the door.9.She told me that she had lost her voice.10.That's a pity but we can go another time.11.They told us to leave.12.First of all, let's look at the map.13.It is from overseas.14.Jack and Jill are at the concert.15.These are for a different purpose.16.The others were at the front.17.Everything was for the best.18.Let's have fish for a change.19.I am going away for the day.20.I would rather have a drink than a smoke.Speaking Exercise 1Listen to and repeat the following phrases and sentences. Pay special attention to the pronunciation of the unstressed forms of the function words.A. Determiners: "a", "an", "the", "her", "his", "our", "some","your"1. a break Take a break.2. a ring Buy a ring.3. an answer Give an answer.4. an idea Have an idea.5. the car Take the car.6. the girl Help the girl.7. the others Meet the others.8. the apple Get the apple.9. her coat Take her coat.10. her bag Watch her bag.11. his watch Use his watch.12. his wife See his wife.13. our school Near our school.14. our classroom Clean our classroom.15. some tea Have some tea.16. some water Get some water.17. your boss Tell your boss.18. your book Buy your book.19. your time Take your time.20. some sugar Find some sugar.B. Pronouns: "he", "me", "she", "them", "us", "we", "you", "him"1.Did he say that?2.Make sure that he is on time.3.Tell me how to do it.4.Give me a new book.5.What is she doing?6.When did she come?7.Ask them to go.8.I told them to finish it as soon as possible.9.He gave us a talk the other day.10.He showed us round the campus.11.When are we going?12.Are you sure we can go now?13.Did you see the old man?14.I heard you singing.15.Give him what he wants.16.I saw him reading in the classroom.17.How did he come last night?18.I am not sure if he is coming.19.Does she know about it?20.You know him, don't you?C. Connectives: "and", "as", "but", "so", "than", "that"1.He said that over and over again.2.She keeps cats and dogs.3.They were playing hide and seek.4.He took off his hat and coat.5.It looks as white as snow.6.Just as you like.7.Please do as I do.8.She is tired but happy.st but not least.10.I'll do anything but that.11.It's not so cold today.12.It is not so much as that.13.It is easier than I thought it would be.14.It is bigger than this.15.He is much better than the others.16.He said that we could have it.17.Tell them that we are not going.18.I think that we'll have enough.19.He told me that everybody was happy.20.Are you sure that we can finish it by the end of the week?D. Auxiliary verbs (1): "am", "are", "be", "do", "does", "is", "was", "were",1.Where an I going?2.What are you doing?3.They'll be able to do it.4.How do you go to school?5.When does he leave for school in the morning?6.It is coming back soon.7.That was all.8.They were all there.9.The cakes are awful.10.They were afraid of him.11.When are they leaving?12.They're afraid of him.13.Will they be able to do it?14.Do you know all the words?15.What does he do on Sunday?16.What time does it start?17.Where were the boys last night?18.He was late last night.19.It was snowing the whole morning.20.They were all out.E. Auxiliary verbs (2): "can", "had", "has", "have", "must", "shall", "will", "would"1.All the kids can read now.2.How many cards had he written before you called last night?3.What has he done?4.They have all gone.5.We must work harder.6.We shall need to hurry.7.That will do, I hope.8.That would be a great help.9.The bus had already left.10.What shall we do if it rains?11.Can you come at eight?12.How can I help you?13.You'd better run.14.The train had already left when we arrived.15.He's read all the books.16.She must have been here for quite a while.17.They've been here for an hour.18.Shall we go now?19.Will you do me a favour?20.Would you like to come?F. Prepositions: "at", "for", "from", "of", "to"1.They are at school.2.They arrived at eleven.3.They finished it at last.4.I'll talk about it at noon.5.He got it for nothing.6.He stayed there for a week.7.They are all waiting for the bus.8.He did it for my sake.9.I had a call from Bill the other day.10.Did you get it from a shop?11.He is from the states.12.Try to speak from the experience.13.It is very kind of you.14.I am tired of waiting.15.He keeps a lot of dogs.16.Give it to me if you like.17.She walks to school.18.He wants to talk.19.They'd like to go.20.I meant to ask you.Speaking Exercise 2Listen to and repeat the following phrases, paying special attention to the pronunciation of "and". The function word "and" is one of the most common words in English and is usually contracted to a schwa + "n".1.cream and sugar2.knives and forks3.big and small4.rock and roll5.fish and chips6.pens and pencils7.sandwich and coffee8.peanut butter and jelly9.hamburger and fires10.rich and famous11.nickels and dimes12.men and women13.tables and chairs14.boys and girls15.radio and television16.sons and daughters17.doctors and patients18.father and mother19.teachers and students20.war and peaceListening Exercise 4Listen to the following talk and write the unstressed words in the space.Now, ______________ end ___________ morning ____________ all ______ able _______ collect ______ timetable _____________ college office. _________ see ________ first lecture _____________ nine o'clock ___________ morning _________ last ___________ four o'clock __________ afternoon. Most __________, ________ fact all ___________, __________ find ____________ spare time without lectures or laboratory sessions. _________ college library ________ private study rooms _________ open all day __________ nine ___________ morning till eight ________ evening _______ private study. _______ students' union common room ________ also open ____________ same times. And … er … ______ hand over ______ Mrs White, who ________ tell ________ about students' welfare, sports clubs _________ examinations.Speaking Exercise 3Listen to the following phrases from the talk and repeat after the tape. Mark the stress patterns of the word groups. Draw a line through the weak form words. Pay special attention to the pronunciation of the weak form words in the sentences.Example: in fact all of you . - - . .1.at the end of the morning _________________2.you will all be able to …_________________3.from the college office _________________4.at nine o'clock in the morning _________________5.at four o'clock in the afternoon _________________6.most of you _________________7.from nine in the morning _________________8.till eight in the evening _________________9.open at the same times _________________10.sports clubs and examinations. _________________Listening Exercise 5Listen to the following conversation. Underline the stressed words. Mark the schwa / / on the unstressed words when you hear it.Example: You've just moved into a new house, haven't you?—So what's it like living in your own house?—It's heaven. Plenty of space, a garden, no worries about neighbours. Houses are great for families.—I prefer apartments in my situation. They're easier to manage, cheaper to run and more secure. You can't leave a house standing empty for too long.—That's true, but an apartment is always an apartment, and a house is a home. Speaking Exercise 4Listen to the following sentences from the conversation and repeat after the tape. Draw a line through the weak form words. Pay special attention to the pronunciation of the weak form words in the sentences.1.What's it like living in your own house?2.It's heaven.3.Plenty of space, a garden, no worries about neighbours.4.Houses are great for families.5.I prefer apartments in my situation.6.They're easier to manage.7.They're cheaper to run and more secure.8.You can't leave a house standing empty for too long.9.That's true.10.An apartment is always an apartment, and a house is a home.Speaking Exercise 5Read the following conversation. Draw a line through the weak form words. Pay special attention to the pronunciation of the weak form words.—So what's it like living in your own house?—It's heaven. Plenty of space, a garden, no worries about neighbours. Houses are great for families.—I prefer apartments in my situation. They're easier to manage, cheaper to run and more secure. You can't leave a house standing empty for too long.—That's true, but an apartment is always an apartment, and a house is a home. Listening Exercise 5Listen to the following dialogue and answer the questions that follow. Listen again and imitate the pronunciation and intonation in the sentences.(G = George L = Li Ping)G: My Chinese course ends in a few months.L: You’ll have to get a real job. Maybe you should start looking now. What does your advisor suggest?G: He says I ought to write to joint-venture companies. I should send them my resume and samples of my work.L: You’d better get going. The competition out there is awful.G: I know. I’ll contact them right away.Listening Exercise 6Listen to the following dialogue and answer the questions that follow. Listen again and imitate the pronunciation and intonation in the sentences.(D = David L = Li Ping)L: Well, David, Where are you going for your holiday?D: Oh well, I’m not really sure. I thought perhaps you could give me some advice? L: I’d be glad to.D: Well, I like to see a few different cities and I’d love to take a boat journey.L: Have you ever thought of travelling through the Yangzi Gorges. That’s the most well-known boat trip I think, and it is spectacular.D: Re ally? The Yangzi Goreges? Yes, well, I’ve heard of them of course. But how could I get there?L: Well, you should go to Chongqing and go downstream by boat to Wuhan.There’s a direct flight to Chongqing from Guangzhou.D: I’m not so keen on flying, actu ally. Is there a train?L: I’m not sure. I’d have to check. But the distance must be pretty big and the journey will take a long time. I’ve got a good guidebook. I think I’ll see what I can find out in that, first. But I can also check it out with the Travel Service. D: Good idea. Hope you can get it fixed for me.L: Sure, I will. I’ll see you later.D: Thanks. See you later.。

lecture 9 weak forms and stress

Colloquial English Pronunciation and Intonation
Lecture 9 Weak Forms & Stress
Review of plosion What is incomplete plosion?
Illustrate three kinds of incomplete plosion.
Read the following tongue twisters
1. Friendly Frank flips fine flapjacks. 2. I scream, you scream, we all cream for ice cream. 3. Mr. Knox keeps his socks with spots ands clocks in a pale pink chocolate box. 4. The creek creatures croaked quietly. 5. A snow-white swan swiftly catches a slowlyswimming snake in a lake.
Exercises for weak forms
3. Conjunction (conj.): as /əz/ as 'good as 'gold/ as 'far as I 'know/ It 'looks as 'if you're right./ 'Do as you're told./ It' isn't as 'good as I thought./ I'll 'stop now, as it's late. than /ðən/ It's 'bigger than I thought./ 'That's 'more than I want./ 'That's 'more than enough./ 'Don't 'eat 'more than your share.

weak forms of words 文本

Weak forms of words<O ></O><O></O>In It was too expensive for them to buy the words too, expensive and buy are stressed, giving /it wEz *tu: ik*spensiv fE TEm tE *bai/ (* shows the stress of a phrase or a sentence). Notice the pronunciation of the words was, for, them and to; all of them have the vowel /E/. If those words are pronounced alone, they have the pronunciations /wRz/, /fR:/, /Tem/ and /tu:/, but usually they are not pronounced alone and usually they are not stressed, and then the forms with /E/ are used; we call these the weakforms of those words.<O></O><O></O>English people often think that when they use these weak forms they are being rather careless in their speech and believe that it would be more correct always to use the strong forms, like was, to, etc. This is not true, and English spoken with only strong forms sounds wrong. The use of weak forms is an essential part of English speech and you must learn to use the weak forms of 34 English words if you want your English to sound English. Some words have more than one weak form and in the following attachment, there is a list telling you when to use one and when theother.<O></O><O></O> List:<O ></O> <O></O>word<O></O>weak form<O></O>examples<O ></O>and<O ></O>En<O></O>*black and*white<O></O>as<O></O>Ez<O></O>as *good as*gold<O></O>but<O></O>bEt<O ></O>But *why *not?<O ></O>than<O></O>TEn<O></O>*Better than*ever<O></O>that<O></O>TEt<O ></O>I ad*mit that I *didit.<O></O>he<O ></O>i:<O></O>At thebeginning ofword groupsthe strongforms shouldbeused<O></O>*Did he *win?<O></O>him<O></O>im<O></O>*Give him*two.<O ></O>his<O></O>iz<O></O>I *like his *tie.<O ></O>her<O></O>E:<O></O>*Take her*home<O></O>them<O></O>TEm<O ></O>*send them by*post<O ></O>us<O></O s(only inlet’s), <O></O>*Let’s do it *now.>Es<O ></O><O ></O>He *won’t *let us *doit.<O></O>do<O ></O >dE <O ></O>*How do they*know?<O ></O>does<O></O>dEz<O></O>*When does the *train*leave?<O></O>am<O></O>m(after I), <O></O>Em(elsewhere)<O></O>I’m *tired.<O></O>*When am I to *be*there?<O></O>are<O></O>E(before consonants), Er(beforevowels)<O></O>The *girls are*beautiful.<O></O>The *men are*ugly.<O></O>be<O></O>bi<O></O>*Don’t be*rude.<O></O>is<O></O>s(after/p, t, k, f,W/)<O></O>z(after vowels and voicedconsonants except /z, V,dV/)<O></O>(after /s, z, V, F, dV, tF/ thestrong from /iz/ is alwaysused. )<O></O>*That’s *fine.<O ></O><O></O>*Where’s*John?<O></O><O></O>*John’s *here.<O></O>was<O></O>wEz<O></O>The *weather was*terrible.<O></O>has<O></O>Ez(after / s, z, V, F, dV,tF/)<O></O>s(after/p, t, k, f,W/)<O></O>z(elsewhere)<O></O>The *place has*changed.<O></O>*Jack is *gone.<O></O>*John’s been*sick.<O></O>have<O></O>v(after I, we, you,they)<O></O>Ev(elsewhere)<O></O>You’ve *brokenit.<O></O>The *men have*gone.<O></O>had<O></O>d(after I, he, she, we, you,they)<O></O>Ed(elsewhere)<O></O>They’d *left*home.<O></O>The *day had been*fine.<O></O>has<O ></O> have<O ></O>had<O></O (At the beginning of wordgroups their strong formsshould be used)<O></O>(When they are full verbs theyshould always be pronounced inHas *anyone*found?<O></O><O></O><O></O>I have *two>the strong forms)<O ></O>*brothers.<O></O>can<O></O>kEn<O></O>*How can I*help?<O></O>shall<O></O>Fl<O></O>I shall be*cross.<O></O>will<O></O>l(after I, he, she, we, you,they)<O></O>l.(after consonants, except/l/)<O></O>El(after vowels and/l/)<O></O><O..>.</O...>.They’ll *give ita*way.<O ></O>This’ll *do.<O></O>The *boy will *lose and the*girl will *win.<O ></O>a<O></O>E(beforeconsonants)<O></O>a *shilling a*dozen<O></O>an<O></O>En(beforevowels)<O></O>*Have an*apple.<O></O>the<O></O>TE(beforeconsonants)<O></O>(before vowels the strong form/Ti:/ should beused)<O></O>the *more the*merrier<O></O><O></O>the *aunts and the*uncles<O></O>some<O></O> sEm<O ></O>(when some means ‘a certainquantity’ it is always stressed andtherefore pronounced/sQm/)<O ></O>I *need some*paper.<O ></O><O > </O><O > </O>*some of my*friends<O ></O><O > </O>at<O></O>Et<O></O>*come at *once<O></O>for<O></O>fE(before consonants),fEr(beforevowels)<O></O>*Come for *tea.<O></O>*Come for a*meal.<O></O>from<O></O>frEm<O></O>I *sent it from *<ST1lacew:st="on">London</ST1lace>.<O></O>of<O></O>Ev<O></O>the *queen of *<ST1lacew:st="on">England</ST1lace><O></O>to<O></O>tE <O ></O>a *lot to*say<O ></O>。

Sentence Stress and Weak Forms


III. Make sentences with the words below: e.g. shoe store shoes sandals ---What do shoe stores sell? ---They sell shoes and sandals. 1) drugstore medicine plaster 2) sports store balls rackets 3) post office stamps envelops 4) clothing store dresses suits 5) grocery store fruits vegetables
v. Form phrases with ‘and’, use the reduced form of ‘and /n/’ and the reduced form of the words in parentheses. e.g. (a) book / pencil a book ‘n’ a pencil. 1) (the) man / woman 2) (an, some)pple / orange 4) (the) book / magazine 5) (an, a) arm / leg
(Weak forms)
II. Read out the following, paying special attention to the pronunciation of the underlined words. 1) -- You’ve got cats, haven’t you? -- Well, I’ve got a cat. 2) You may not be able to find its original box, but you’ll have to pack it in a box. 3) Take an apple. I said. Not the lot. 4) -- Whose book is that? -- It’s hers. 5) I know it’s his.
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A.Determiners: a, an, the, her, his, our, some, your
1. A break Take a break.
2. A ring Buy a ring.
3.An answer Give an answer.
4.An idea Have an idea.
5.The car Take the car.
6.The girl Help the girl.
7.The others Meet the others.
8.The apple Get the apple.
9.Her coat Take her coat.
10.Her bag Watch her bag.
11.His watch Use his watch.
12.His wife See his wife.
13.Our school Near our school.
14.Our classroom Clean our classroom.
15.Some tea Have some tea.
16.Some water Get some water.
17.Your boss Tell your boss.
18.Your book Buy your book.
19.Your time Take your time.
20.Some sugar Find some sugar.
B.Pronouns: he, me, she, them, us, we, you, him
1.Did he say that?
2.Make sure that he is on time.
3.Tell me how to do it.
4.Give me a new book.
5.What is she doing?
6.When did she come?
7.Ask them to go.
8.I told them to finish it as soon as possible.
9.He gave us a talk the other day.
10.He showed us round the campus.
11.When are we going?
12.Are you sure we can go now?
13.Did you see the old man?
14.I heard you singing.
15.Give him what he wants.
16.I saw him reading in the classroom.
17.How did he come last night?
18.I am not sure if he is coming.
19.Does she know about it?
20.You know him, don’t you?
C.Connectives: and, as, but, so , than, that
1.He said that over and over again.
2.She keeps cats and dogs.
3.They were playing hide and seek.
4.He took off his hat and coat.
5.It looks as white as snow.
6.Just as you like.
7.Please do as I do.
8.She is tired but happy.
st but not least.
10.I’ll do anything but that.
11.It’s not so cold today.
12.It is not so much as that.
13.It is easier than I thought it would be.
14.It is bigger than this.
15.He is much better than the others.
16.He said that we could have it.
17.Tell them that we are not going.
18.I think that we’ll have enough.
19.He told me that everybody was happy.
20.Are you sure that we can finish it by the end of the week?
D.Auxiliary verbs (1): am, are, be , do, does, is, was, were
1.Where am I going?
2.What are you doing?
3.They’ll be able to do it.
4.How do you go to school?
5.When does he leave for school in the morning?
6.It is coming back soon.
7.That was all.
8.They were all there.
9.The cakes are awful.
10.They were afraid of him.
11.When are they leaving?
12.They’re afraid of him.
13.Will they be able to do it?
14.Do you know all the words?
15.What does he do on Sunday?
16.What time does it start?
17.Where were the boys last night?
18.He was late last night?
19.It was snowing the whole morning.
20.They were all out.
E.Auxiliary verbs(2): can, had, has, have, must, shall, will, would
1.All the kids can read now.
2.How many cards had he written before you called last night?
3.What has he done?
4.They have all gone.
5.We must work harder.
6.We shall need to hurry.
7.That will do, I hope.
8.That would be a great help.
9.The bus had already left.
10.What shall we do if it rains?
11.Can you come at eight?
12.How can I help you?
13.You’d better run.
14.The train had already left when we arrived.
15.He’s read all the books.
16.She must have been here for quite a while.
17.They’ve been here for an hour.
18.Shall we go now?
19.Will you do me a favor?
20.Would you like to come?
F.Prepositions: at, for, from, of, to
1.They are at school.
2.They arrived at eleven.
3.They finished it at last.
4.I’ll talk about it at noon.
5.He got it for nothing.
6.He stayed there for a week.
7.They are all waiting for the bus.
8.He did it for my sake.
9.I had a call from Bill the other day.
10.Did you get it from a shop?
11.He is from the States.
12.Try to speak from experience.
13.It is very kind of you.
14.I am tired of waiting.
15.He keeps a lot of dogs.
16.Give it to me if you like.
17.She walks to school.
18.He wants to talk.
19.They’d like to go.
20.I meant to ask you.。

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