伽利略英文介绍【精品】 Galileo Galilei

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2014考研英语作文必背:《新概念三》伽利略

2014考研英语作文必背:《新概念三》伽利略

⽆忧考为⼤家整理的2014考研英语作⽂必背:《新概念三》伽利略,供⼤家参考。

2014考研英语作⽂必背美⽂ 新概念三 Lesson 32 Galileo reborn 伽利略的复⽣ In his own lifetime Galileo was the centre of violent controversy; but the scientific dust has long since settled, and today we can see even his famous clash with the Inquisition in something like its proper perspective. But, in contrast, it is only in modern times that Galileo has become a problem child for historians of science. The old view of Galileo was delightfully uncomplicated. He was, above all, a man who experimented: who despised the prejudices and book learning of the Aristotelians, who put his questions to nature instead of to the ancients, and who drew his conclusions fearlessly. He had been the first to turn a telescope to the sky, and he had seen there evidence enough to overthrow Aristotle and Ptolemy together. He was the man who climbed the Leaning Tower of Pisa and dropped various weights from the top, who rolled balls down inclined planes, and then generalized the results of his many experiments into the famous law of free fall. But a closer study of the evidence, supported by a deeper sense of the period, and particularly by a new consciousness of the philosophical undercurrents in the scientific revolution, has profoundly modified this view of Galileo. Today, although the old Galileo lives on in many popular writings, among historians of science a new and more sophisticated picture has emerged. At the same time our sympathy for Galileo's opponents has grown somewhat. His telescopic observations are justly immortal; they aroused great interest at the time, they had important theoretical consequences, and they provided a striking demonstration of the potentialities hidden in instruments and apparatus. But can we blame those who looked and failed to see what Galileo saw, if we remember that to use a telescope at the limit of its powers calls for long experience and intimate familiarity with one's instrument? Was the philosopher who refused to look through Galileo's telescope more culpable than those who alleged that the spiral nebulae observed with Lord Rosse's great telescope in the eighteen-forties were scratches left by the grinder? We can perhaps forgive those who said the moons of Jupiter were produced by Galileo's spyglass if we recall that in his day, as for centuries before, curved glass was the popular contrivance for producing not truth but illusion, untruth; and if a single curved glass would distort nature, how much more would a pair of them? 伽利略在世时是激烈论战的中⼼。

关于伽利略的英文演讲稿

关于伽利略的英文演讲稿

关于伽利略的英文演讲稿篇一:贝佐斯20XX年在普林斯顿的演讲稿中英文贝佐斯20XX年在普林斯顿的演讲稿中英文,贝佐斯作为亚马逊的创始人,获得的成功令众人羡慕不已,他曾在普林斯顿大学求学,在学士毕业典礼上的演讲中也被称之为人生一定要听的十大演讲,不妨看一看吧,献给毕业季的你·~~本篇文章首先作者讲述自己的孩童经历,来证明自己的观点,选择比天赋更重要,全文都围绕着你对自己的选择,追随自己的内心去抉择。

贝佐斯20XX年在普林斯顿的演讲稿中英文we are what we chooseas a kid, i spent my summers with my grandparents on their ranch in texas. i helped fix windmills, vaccinate cattle, and do other chores. we also watched soap operas everyafternoon, especially days of our lives. my grandparents belonged to a caravan club, a group of airstream trailer owners who travel together around the and canada. and every few summers, wed join the caravan. wed hitch up the airstream trailer to mygrandfathers car, and off wed go, in a line with 300 other airstream adventurers. i loved and worshipped mygrandparents and i really looked forward to these trips. on one particular trip, i was about 10 years old. i was rolling around in the big bench seat in the back of the car. my grandfather was driving. and my grandmother had the passenger seat. she smoked throughout these trips, and i hated the smell.i have a vivid memory of what happened, and it was not what i expected. i expected to be applauded for my cleverness and arithmetic skills. jeff, youre so smart. you had to have made some tricky estimates, figure out the number of minutes in a year and do some division. thats not what happened. instead, my grandmother burst into tears. i sat in the backseat and did not know what to do. while my grandmother sat crying, my grandfather, who had been driving in silence, pulled over onto the shoulder of the highway. he got out of the car and came around and opened my door and waited for me to follow. was i in trouble my grandfather was a highly intelligent, quiet man. he had never said a harsh word to me, and maybe this was to be the first time or maybe he would ask that i get back in the car and apologize to my grandmother. i had no experience in this realm with mygrandparents and no way to gauge what the consequences might be. we stopped beside the trailer. my grandfather looked at me, and after a bit of silence, he gently and calmly said, jeff, one day youll understand that its harder to be kind than clever.在我还是一个孩子的时候,我的夏天总是在德州祖父母的农场中度过。

《伽利略的理想实验》 知识清单

《伽利略的理想实验》 知识清单

《伽利略的理想实验》知识清单一、伽利略简介伽利略·伽利雷(Galileo Galilei),出生于 1564 年 2 月 15 日,是意大利伟大的物理学家、天文学家和哲学家。

他被誉为“近代科学之父”,对现代科学的发展产生了深远的影响。

伽利略在物理学领域做出了众多开创性的贡献,其中理想实验就是他重要的思想方法之一。

二、理想实验的背景在伽利略所处的时代,亚里士多德的物理学观点在学术界占据着统治地位。

亚里士多德认为,物体的运动需要力来维持,如果力消失,运动就会停止。

然而,伽利略通过观察和思考,对这一观点产生了质疑。

三、理想实验的内容伽利略的理想实验主要是关于斜面的实验。

假设一个小球从一个斜面滚下,然后滚上另一个斜面。

如果第二个斜面是完全光滑的,没有摩擦力,那么小球在第二个斜面上将会上升到与它开始滚下时相同的高度。

接着,伽利略进一步设想,如果把第二个斜面的倾斜角度减小,小球仍然会达到相同的高度,但是它在第二个斜面上滚动的距离将会变长。

如果第二个斜面的倾斜角度变得越来越小,直到最终变成水平,小球将会永远不停地沿着这个水平表面滚动下去。

四、理想实验的推理过程在这个理想实验中,伽利略通过逻辑推理得出了重要的结论。

首先,当小球从斜面滚下时,它会获得一定的速度。

而当它滚上另一个斜面时,如果没有摩擦力,它的能量是守恒的,所以能够上升到相同的高度。

其次,当第二个斜面的倾斜角度减小时,为了达到相同的高度,小球需要滚动更长的距离,这意味着它的速度减小得更慢。

最后,当第二个斜面变成水平时,由于没有高度差,小球为了保持能量守恒,将以恒定的速度永远滚动下去。

五、理想实验的意义1、推翻了亚里士多德的错误观点亚里士多德认为力是维持物体运动的原因,而伽利略的理想实验表明,物体的运动不需要力来维持,力只是改变物体运动状态的原因。

2、开创了科学研究的新方法伽利略的理想实验不是基于实际的实验操作,而是通过想象和逻辑推理来探究物理规律,这种方法为后来的科学研究提供了重要的思路和范例。

伽利略

伽利略

伽利略·伽利雷(Galileo Galilei,1564-1642)他是近代实验科学的先驱者,是意大利文艺复兴后期伟大的天文学家、力学家、哲学家、物理学家、数学家。

也是近代实验物理学的开拓者,被誉为“近代科学之父”“近代科学之父”。

他是为维护真理而进行不屈不挠的战士。

恩格斯称他是“不管有何障碍,都能不顾一切而打破旧说,创立新说的巨人之一”。

1564年2月15日生于比萨,历史上他首先提出并证明了同物质同形状的两个重量不同的物体下降速度一样快,他反对教会的陈规旧俗,由此,他晚年受到教会迫害,并被终身监禁。

他以系统的实验和观察推翻了亚里士多德诸多观点。

因此,他被称为“近代科学之父“现代观测天文学之父” 、“现代物理学之父”、“科学之父” 及“现代科学之父”。

他的工作,为牛顿的理论体系的建立奠定了基础。

(1590年,伽利略在比萨斜塔上做了“两个球同时落地”的著名试验,从此推翻了亚里士多德“物体下落速度和重量成比例”的学说,纠正了这个持续了1900年之久的错误结论)亚里士多德(前384—前322年),古希腊斯吉塔拉人,世界古代史上最伟大的哲学家、科学家和教育家之一。

是柏拉图的学生,亚历山大的老师。

公元前335年,他在雅典办了一所叫吕克昂的学校,被称为逍遥学派。

马克思曾称亚里士多德是古希腊哲学家中最博学的人物,恩格斯称他是古代的黑格尔。

亚里士多德一生勤奋治学,从事的学术研究涉及到逻辑学、修辞学、物理学、生物学、教育学、心理学、政治学、经济学、美学、博物学等,写下了大量的著作,他的著作是古代的百科全书,据说有四百到一千部,主要有《工具论》、《形而上学》、《物理学》、《伦理学》、《政治学》、《诗学》等。

他的思想对人类产生了深远的影响。

他创立了形式逻辑学,丰富和发展了哲学的各个分支学科,对科学等作出了巨大的贡献。

最早论证地球是球形的人。

牛顿和伽利略的小作文英文

牛顿和伽利略的小作文英文

牛顿和伽利略的小作文英文英文:Newton and Galileo are both great scientists who have made significant contributions to the field of physics. Newton is best known for his laws of motion and universal gravitation, while Galileo is famous for his work on the laws of motion and the development of the telescope.Newton's laws of motion are fundamental to our understanding of how objects move and interact with each other. For example, his first law states that an object at rest will stay at rest and an object in motion will stay in motion unless acted upon by an external force. This can be seen in everyday life when we observe a ball rolling on the ground. Without any external force, the ball will continue to roll at a constant speed.On the other hand, Galileo's work on the laws of motion laid the foundation for Newton's laws. His experiments withinclined planes and pendulums helped to demonstrate the concept of inertia and the relationship between force, mass, and acceleration. For instance, when we push a heavy object and a light object with the same force, the heavy objectwill have a smaller acceleration due to its greater mass,as described by Galileo's work.In addition to their work on the laws of motion, both Newton and Galileo made significant contributions to the study of gravity. Newton's law of universal gravitation describes the force of attraction between two objects with mass, and it can be observed in the way that the Earthorbits the Sun. Similarly, Galileo's observations of the motion of the planets through his telescope helped to support the heliocentric model of the solar system, which was later confirmed by Newton's laws of motion and gravitation.Overall, both Newton and Galileo have left a lasting impact on the field of physics, and their work continues to be studied and applied in modern scientific research.中文:牛顿和伽利略都是伟大的科学家,对物理学领域做出了重大贡献。

伽利略介绍

伽利略介绍

牛顿说自己站在巨人的肩膀上才有其后来的成就, 那么这巨人中,肯定就有伽利略。 那普通的斜面为后世带来的影响不可磨灭
伽利略在年青的时候,是个天主教徒,一 天,伽利略到比萨大教堂去做礼拜。宏伟壮丽的 教堂里,善男信女们跪满一地,他们一会儿虔诚 地听着神甫讲解圣经,一会儿作起祈祷、唱起赞 美诗。十九岁的伽利略却渐渐感到无聊,为了打 发这些令人烦躁的时光· 他不由自主地四下张望 起来。忽然,一盏悬挂在教堂半空的铜吊灯引起 了他的注意。看了好久,只见吊灯被门洞里进来 的风吹得来回摆动。他慢慢地发现了这么一个规 律:不管吊灯摆的幅度大小,时间都是相等的。 门洞又吹进来一阵风,吊灯被吹得大幅度地 摆动起来。伽利略用右手手指摸着 左手手腕上 的脉搏查了起来:一、二、三..一共是二十下。 吊灯摆动的幅度越来越小了,可他用自己的脉搏 来查数时,每次摆动却仍是二十下。 “原来吊灯的摆动有等时性 的特 点呀。”他
1590年,伽利略在比萨斜塔上 做了“两个铁球同时落地”的著名 试验,从此推翻了亚里士多德“物 体下落速度和重量成比例”的学说, 纠正了这个持续了1900年之久的错 误结论。
但是伽利略在比萨斜塔做试验 的说法后来被严谨的考证否定了。 尽管如此,来自世界各地的人们都 要前往参观,他们把这座古塔看做 伽利略的纪念碑
伽利略
伽利略· 伽利雷 (Galileo Galilei,1564年2月25日-1642[1]) 世界知名科学家, 物理学家、天文学家、哲学家 又是发明家, 他发明了温度计和天文望远镜。 是近代实验物理学的开拓者, 被誉为 “近代科学之父”伽利略· 伽利雷
简介
• 1564年2月15日生于比萨,历史上他首先提出并证 明了同物质同形状的两个重量不同的物体下降速 度一样快,他反对教会的陈规旧俗,由此,他晚 年受到教会迫害,并被终身监禁。他以系统的实 验和观察推翻了亚里士多德诸多观点。因此,他 被称为“近代科学之父”“现代观测天文学之 父” 、“现代物理学之父”、“科学之父” 及 “现代科学之父”。他的工作,为牛顿的理论体 系的建立奠定了基础。 • 1642年1月8日卒于比萨

伽利略的故事

伽利略的故事

伽利略的故事伽利略·伽利莱(Galileo Galilei,1564年2月15日-1642年1月8日),意大利文艺复兴时期的一位伟大科学家,物理学家、天文学家、数学家,被誉为“现代科学之父”。

他的一生,充满了坎坷和辉煌,他的故事,也是科学史上的一段传奇。

伽利略出生在比萨的一个贵族家庭,从小就展现出了对科学的浓厚兴趣。

他曾就读于比萨大学,学习医学和数学,但后来因为家庭财政状况不佳,辍学回到家中。

然而,这并没有阻止他对科学的追求,反而更加激发了他对知识的渴望。

在他的一生中,最为人所熟知的是他对天文学的贡献。

伽利略通过自己制作的望远镜,观察到了一些前人未曾发现的天体现象,比如木星的四颗伽利略卫星、金星的光照周期等。

这些发现不仅颠覆了当时的宇宙观念,也为日后开启了现代天文学的大门。

然而,伽利略的科学观点却遭到了当时天主教会的强烈反对。

他的《星际信使》一书中提出的日心说,与当时的地心说相悖,引起了教会的不满。

在1633年,伽利略被迫在教会的压力下放弃了自己的科学观点,并且被判处终身监禁。

直到1992年,教皇约翰·保罗二世才正式宣布伽利略的观点是正确的,对他进行了平反。

伽利略的一生,是科学与宗教、理性与信仰之间的一场较量。

他不仅是一位杰出的科学家,也是一位勇敢的思想者。

他的故事,激励着后人不断追求真理,不断挑战权威,不断探索未知的领域。

总的来说,伽利略的故事,是一部科学史上的传奇。

他的勇气和智慧,影响了整个人类的思想史和科学史。

他的一生,是对知识的追求和对真理的坚持,也是对人类理性精神的崇高诠释。

他的故事,永远激励着我们,不断前行,不断探索,不断超越。

最伟大的物理学家Top10(国外英文资料)

最伟大的物理学家Top10(国外英文资料)

最伟大的物理学家Top101. 艾萨克·牛顿 (Isaac Newton)牛顿是经典力学的奠基人,他提出的三大运动定律和万有引力定律,构成了现代物理学的基础。

他的著作《自然哲学的数学原理》是科学史上最重要的著作之一,对后世产生了深远的影响。

2. 阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦 (Albert Einstein)爱因斯坦是现代物理学的奠基人之一,他提出了狭义相对论和广义相对论,彻底改变了人类对时间、空间和引力的认识。

他的E=mc²公式揭示了质量和能量之间的关系,为核能的开发和应用奠定了理论基础。

3. 尼尔斯·玻尔 (Niels Bohr)玻尔是量子力学的奠基人之一,他提出了玻尔模型,解释了原子的结构和光谱。

他还提出了互补原理,认为微观粒子的性质取决于观察者的测量方式,这一观点对量子力学的发展产生了重要影响。

4. 理查德·费曼 (Richard Feynman)费曼是量子电动力学的奠基人之一,他提出了费曼图和路径积分方法,简化了粒子间相互作用的计算。

他的教学风格和科普作品也深受读者喜爱,被誉为“物理学的诗人”。

5. 詹姆斯·克拉克·麦克斯韦 (James Clerk Maxwell)麦克斯韦是电磁学的奠基人之一,他提出了麦克斯韦方程组,统一了电学和磁学,并预言了电磁波的存在。

他的工作为无线电、电视、雷达等技术的发展奠定了基础。

6. 欧内斯特·卢瑟福 (Ernest Rutherford)卢瑟福是原子核物理学的奠基人之一,他提出了原子核模型,解释了原子内部的结构。

他还发现了质子,并首次实现了人工核转变,为核能的开发和应用开辟了道路。

7. 保罗·狄拉克 (Paul Dirac)狄拉克是量子力学的奠基人之一,他提出了狄拉克方程,解释了电子的自旋和反粒子。

他的工作为量子场论的发展奠定了基础。

8. 沃尔夫冈·泡利 (Wolfgang Pauli)泡利是量子力学的奠基人之一,他提出了泡利不相容原理,解释了原子中电子的排列方式。

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Il pendolo
• Il pendolo è stato inventato da Galileo
Galilei nel 1564. L’ ha scoperto osservando il lampadario che stava oscillando nella Cattedrale di Pisa. Ha scoperto anche che una lancetta lunga oscilla piu’ lentamente rispetto ad una corta.
• Le sue scoperte ed invenzioni più famose
sono:il Cannocchiale,il Termometro Galileo,la Bilancia Idrostatica,il Pendolo,l’Elioscopio.
Il cannocchiale
• Il cannocchiale è uno
strumento che ha inventato Galileo Galilei nel 1608 per osservare il cielo .Era formato da 2 lenti di vetro alle estremità:una era convessa e l’altra concava che permetteva di osservare i pianeti da una distanza ravvicinata di 30 volte.
Galileo Galilei
Galileo Galilei è stato un grande scienziato per le sue grandi invenzioni.
Quello che
sapevamo…
• Chi era • La vita • Quando è nato e dove è nato • Dove ha studiato, insegnato • Le sue opere scritte • Le sue scoperte ed invenzioni
2 esperimenti della ludoteca scientifica di Pisa
Quando siamo arrivati alla ludoteca scientifica di Pisa siamo entrati e abbiamo incontrato la guida che ci ha fatto vedere i vari esperimenti. L’esperimento che mi è piaciuto di più è stato la proiezione dell’ologramma. C’era un contenitore che terminava con un’apertura in cima, sul fondo era posata una mucca(finta),quando veniva colpita dalla luce, la sua immagine si rifletteva sul coperchio superiore;questo fenomeno si chiama “riflessione della luce”.
La ei è stato uno scienziato molto
famoso. Galileo nacque a Pisa nel 1564 dai genitori Vincenzo Galilei e da Giulia degli Ammannati. Galileo ha studiato all’ università di Padova e a quella di Pisa. Le sue scoperte ed invenzioni più famose sono:il Cannocchiale, il Termometro Galileo, la Bilancia Idrostatica,il Pendolo,l’Elioscopio.
• •
I suoi libri
• Le sue opere scritte
sono: Sidereus Nuncius,De Revolutionibus Orbium Coelestiume e il dialogo sui due Massimi Sistemi Del Mondo.
Le scoperte e invenzioni
La gita alla ludoteca comunale scientifica di Galileo Galilei a Pisa
• Il giorno 16 ottobre 2009,
in occasione della celebrazione dell’anno internazionale dell’Astronomia dedicato a Galileo Galilei, noi ragazzi delle classi 5°A e 5°B siamo andati a visitare la ludoteca scientifica di Pisa.

La bilancia idrostatica
• La bilancia idrostatica è
stata inventata da Galileo Galilei nel 1586. Questo strumento serviva per misurare il peso specifico dei corpi con l’impiego dell’acqua.Era costituita da un dispositivo a leva.Il braccio all’estremità del quale andava fissato il contrappeso era avvolto in un filo metallico.
Il termoscopio
• Il termoscopio è stato
inventato da Galileo Galilei nel 1597. E’ uno strumento che serviva per misurare la temperatura. Il termoscopio era costituito da una boccetta di vetro dalle dimensioni di un uovo,con un collo lungo e sottile.
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