托福 tpo26 综合写作范文
托福考试写作练习及精选范文(26)
托福考试写作练习及精选范文(26)TPO 35Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?In twenty years there will be fewer cars in use than there are today.Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.文章：The Earth today faces many problems. Among these problems, the top three, i n some people's perspective, are probably global warming, pollution and energy crisis. All three, if we really look into them, can be connected with the perva sive use of private cars. It is because of this, I agree with the statement tha t there will be fewer cars in twenty years comparing with today.First of all, people will definitely use fewer cars. If we look at the glob al media, we are seeing an increasing consciousness on environmental problems. Be it the famous documentay by Al Gore, An Inconvenient Truth, or the "Earth On e Hour" movement. They all indicate a global consensus: "We need to help the en vironment". So what's the easiest way to help? Using fewer cars. According to a survey conducted by the Ministry of Environmental Conservation in China, more than 40 percent of carbon dioxide produced by individuals are from private cars. If the trend of eco-friendly consciousness continues to grow in the next 20 ye ars, people will, without a doubt, use fewer and fewer cars. So, in a nutshell, the first reason why people will drive less in twenty years is because they wi ll be more environmentally-concerned.Another key aspect is that, in twenty years, there will be fewer people in the world. If there are fewer people in the world, of course there will be fewe r cars. If we are sensitive to global trends, we can see that a lot of countrie s in the world are facing a decrease in population. The biggest contributors to population growth, China and India, are also experiencing a decrease in the ra te of population increase. In 20 years, I am confident that there will be, without a doubt, fewer people in the world. In this case, there will be a decrease in the needs of transportation. So, it is logical to assume that there will be fewer cars in the world twenty years from now.A final argument I want to make is based on the ever developing technology. In the past twenty years, we have seen tremendous innovations taken place in t he field of transportation. From high-speed trains to cars that run on electric, there is simply no telling what might happen twenty years from now. Considerin g how much we have achieved in the past twenty years, it is not so improbable f or me to say that we might not even need cars in the near future. Who's to say that we won't be traveling on more efficient vehicles? Or maybe public transpor tation may become so convenient that we won't even consider using private trans portation ever again? The fact is, we cannot deny these possibilities for they are very likely to happen. In this light, I am definitely supportive of the vie w that there will be fewer cars in the future.From my arguments above, I think I am very optimistic about the future. I b elieve that, in twenty years, we will be living in a society with much fewer ca rs. And I am looking forward to that future.。
托福TPO26独立写作题目文本+满分范文
为了帮助大家高效备考托福，为大家带来托福TPO26独立写作题目文本+满分范文，希望对大家备考有所帮助。
托福TPO26独立写作题目原文： Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? It is better for children to choose jobs that are similar to their parents’ jobs than to choose jobs that are very different from their parents’ jobs. Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer. 托福TPO26独立写作满分范文： When choosing a life career, the advice of a parent can be quite decisive. Many parents encourage their children to live the life they themselves have only dreamed of, and try a very different job from their own. Nevertheless, in most cases, I believe it would be more beneficial for the child, the parent and the society alike if children followed in the footsteps of their parents when choosing a job. One of the most obvious reasons is that it paves a more convenient way to success for the children. Children who share similar occupations with their parents can at least inherit the experiences of the parent, which would save them much time and energy along the way. The parents, who have already had decades of trial and failure in the field, would have a clear idea of what kind of knowledge and quality is required for the job. In that case, they would be able to better prepare the children for the job, and give them helpful suggestions along their career development. Moreover, experience is not the only thing children can inherit from their parents. A businessman can provide his son a shortcut to success by leaving him an already well-run company, and a politician can leave his children the connections they would need in order to win sufficient support. Another thing is that a similar career is likely to strengthen the parent-child bond. In such a fast-paced modernized world, parents often complain that they are losing their child to busy schedules and a digital social world they feel distant from. But generation gaps are easily bridged when parents can often exchange career ideas with their children. However different the lifestyles of two generations may be, the questions they have to face in a similar job can always be a good topic of conversation. Personally, I feel closest to my grandfather when he shares with me his frustrations and wisdoms of reporting for a national newspaper before he retired,because I may come across similar challenges in my pursuit of a degree in journalism. He is the first person I turn to whenever I need professional guidance, and I feel like I can always trust him and count on him. It should work the same for most parent-and-child relationships. As a career mentor, a parent can bond with the child in more profound ways. Last but not least, to choose a similar job as the parent is actually a conservation of social resources. As the parent can act as a career mentor for the child, the time and energy spent preparing the novice outside the home can be spared. People would go into the workforce with a rather comprehensive idea of what to expect, and start putting their knowledge and talent into rightful use as soon as possible. Given the three reasons I just illustrated, it can be a smart decision if children choose similar jobs as their parents. It would benefit their personal success, their family relationships, as well as the efficacy of the society. 以上是给大家整理的托福TPO26独立写作题目文本+满分范文，希望对你有所帮助!。
【托福写作满分范文】托福TPO26独立写作题目及范文——儿童教育
【托福写作满分范文】托福TPO26独立写作题目及范文——儿童教育在托福写作练习过程中，相信TPO材料中的作文题目都会是大家的首选练习材料。
但是，对于每个题目仅仅只是练习写还是不够的，有针对性的解析和指导性，才会让TPO材料更有其使用价值。
那么，下面我们就为大家带来TPO写作材料的系列解析内容。
托福独立写作题目及范文：儿童教育It is better for children to choose jobs that are similar to their parents’jobs than to choose jobs that are very different from their parents’ jobs.分类: 独立写作话题: 父母、儿童教育、成长托福TPO26独立写作题目翻译子女选择的工作与父母相似比选择的工作与父母的大相径庭要更好。
审题关键词Children/parents, jobs, similar/different论证分析正：Finding a different job is beneficial to a person’s sustained academic development.正：Equally exciting is the increased professional possibilities for the family.正：Socially, the same job as mom and dad’s will only bring about the same social circle, just as different ages.TPO26独立写作范文：When choosing a life career, the advice of a parent can be quite decisive.Many parents encourage their children to live the life they themselves have only dreamed of, and try a very different job from their own. Nevertheless, in most cases, I believe it would be more beneficial for the child, the parent and the society alike if children followed in the footsteps of their parents when choosing a job.One of the most obvious reasons is that it paves a more convenient way to success for the children. Children who share similar occupations with their parents can at least inherit the experiences of the parent, which would save them much time and energy along the way. The parents, who have already had decades of trial and failure in the field, would have a clear idea of what kind of knowledge and quality is required for the job. In that case, they would be able to better prepare the children for the job, and give them helpfulsuggestions along their career development. Moreover, experience is not the only thing children can inherit from their parents. A businessman can provide his sona shortcut to success by leaving him an already well-run company, and apolitician can leave his children the connections they would need in order to win sufficient support.Another thing is that a similar career is likely to strengthen theparent-child bond. In such a fast-paced modernized world, parents often complain that they are losing their child to busy schedules and a digital social world they feel distant from. But generation gaps are easily bridged when parents can often exchange career ideas with their children. However different thelifestyles of two generations may be, the questions they have to face in a similar job can always be a good topic of conversation. Personally, I feel closest to my grandfather when he shares with me his frustrations and wisdoms ofreporting for a national newspaper before he retired, because I may come across similar challenges in my pursuit of a degree in journalism. He is the first person I turn to whenever I need professional guidance, and I feel like I can always trust him and count on him. It should work the same for mostparent-and-child relationships. As a career mentor, a parent can bond with the child in more profound ways.Last but not least, to choose a similar job as the parent is actually aconservation of social resources. As the parent can act as a career mentor for the child, the time and energy spent preparing the novice outside the home can be spared. People would go into the workforce with a rather comprehensive idea of what to expect, and start putting their knowledge and talent into rightful use as soon as possible.Given the three reasons I just illustrated, it can be a smart decision if children choose similar jobs as their parents. It would benefit their personal success, their family relationships, as well as the efficacy of the society.。
TPO26-Survival of Plants and Animals in Desert Conditions
Survival of Plants and Animals in Desert ConditionsThe harsh conditions in deserts are intolerable for most plants and animals. Despite these conditions, however, many varieties of plants and animals have adapted to deserts in a number of ways. Most plant tissues die if their water content falls too low: the nutrients that feed plants are transmitted by water; water is a raw material in the vital process of photosynthesis; and water regulates the temperature of a plant by its ability to absorb heat and because water vapor lost to the atmosphere through the leaves helps to lower plant temperatures. Water controls the volume of plant matter produced. The distribution of plants within different areas of desert is also controlled by water. Some areas, because of their soil texture, topographical position, or distance from rivers or groundwater, have virtually no water available to plants, whereas others do.The nature of plant life in deserts is also highly dependent on the fact that they have to adapt to the prevailing aridity. There are two general classes of vegetation: long-lived perennials, which may be succulent (water-storing) and are often dwarfed and woody, and annuals or ephemerals, which have a short life cycle and may form a fairly dense stand immediately after rain.The ephemeral plants evade drought. Given a year of favorable precipitation, such plants will develop vigorously and produce large numbers of flowers and fruit. This replenishes the seed content of the desert soil. The seeds then lie dormant until the next wet year, when the desert blooms again.The perennial vegetation adjusts to the aridity by means of various avoidance mechanisms. Most desert plants are probably best classified as xerophytes. They possess drought-resisting adaptations: loss of water through the leaves is reduced by means of dense hairs covering waxy leaf surfaces, by the closure of pores during the hottest times to reduce water loss, and by the rolling up or shedding of leaves at the beginning of the dry season. Some xerophytes, the succulents (including cacti), store water in their structures. Another way of countering drought is to have a limited amount of mass above ground and to have extensive root networks below ground. It is not unusual for the roots of some desert perennials to extend downward more than ten meters. Some plants are woody in type —an adaptation designed to prevent collapse of the plant tissue when water stress produces wilting. Another class of desert plant is the phreatophyte. These have adapted to the environment by the development of long taproots that penetrate downward until they approach the assured water supply provided by groundwater. Among these plants are the date palm, tamarisk, and mesquite. They commonly grow near stream channels, springs, or on the margins of lakes.Animals also have to adapt to desert conditions, and they may do it through two forms of behavioral adaptation: they either escape or retreat. Escape involves such actions as aestivation, a condition of prolonged dormancy, or torpor, during which animals reduce their metabolic rate and body temperature during the hot season or during very dry spells.Seasonal migration is another form of escape, especially for large mammals or birds. The term retreat is applied to the short-term escape behavior of desert animals, and it usually assumesthe pattern of a daily rhythm. Birds shelter in nests, rock overhangs, trees, and dense shrubs to avoid the hottest hours of the day, while mammals like the kangaroo rat burrow underground.Some animals have behavioral, physiological, and morphological (structural) adaptations that enable them to withstand extreme conditions. For example, the ostrich has plumage that is so constructed that the feathers are long but not too dense. When conditions are hot, the ostrich erects them on its back, thus increasing the thickness of the barrier between solar radiation and the skin. The sparse distribution of the feathers, however, also allows considerable lateral air movement over the skin surface, thereby permitting further heat loss by convection. Furthermore, the birds orient themselves carefully with regard to the Sun and gently flap their wings to increase convection cooling.（672 WORDS）******************************************************************************* Paragraph 1: The harsh conditions in deserts are intolerable for most plants and animals. Despite these conditions, however, many varieties of plants and animals have adapted to deserts in a number of ways. Most plant tissues die if their water content falls too low: the nutrients that feed plants are transmitted by water; water is a raw material in the vital process of photosynthesis; and water regulates the temperature of a plant by its ability to absorb heat and because water vapor lost to the atmosphere through the leaves helps to lower plant temperatures. Water controls the volume of plant matter produced. The distribution of plants within different areas of desert is also controlled by water. Some areas, because of their soil texture, topographical position, or distance from rivers or groundwater, have virtually no water available to plants, whereas others do.Q1: According to paragraph 1, water provides all of the following essential functions for plants EXCEPTA. improving plants’ ability to absorb sunlightB. preventing plants from becoming overheatedC. transporting nutrientsD. serving as a raw material for photosynthesisParagraph 2: The nature of plant life in deserts is also highly dependent on the fact that they have to adapt to the prevailing aridity. There are two general classes of vegetation: long-lived perennials, which may be succulent (water-storing) and are often dwarfed and woody, and annuals or ephemerals, which have a short life cycle and may form a fairly dense stand immediately after rain.Paragraph 3: The ephemeral plants evade drought. Given a year of favorable precipitation, such plants will develop vigorously and produce large numbers of flowers and fruit. This replenishes the seed content of the desert soil. The seeds then lie dormant until the next wet year, when the desert blooms again.Q2: Paragraph 3 suggests that during a dry year ephemeralsA. produce even more seeds than in a wet yearB. do not sprout from their seedsC. bloom much later than in a wet yearD. are more plentiful than perennialsQ3: Howis paragraph 2 related to paragraph 3?A. Paragraph 2 provides a general description of desert plants, and paragraph 3 provides ascientific explanation for these observations.B. Paragraph 2 divides desert plants into two categories, and paragraph 3 provides furtherinformation about one of these categories.C. Paragraph 2 proposes one way of dividing desert plants into categories, and paragraph 3explains one problem with this method of classification.D. Paragraph 2 discusses two categories of desert plants, and paragraph 3 introduces a thirdcategory of plants.Q4: In saying thauthor means that their development will beA. suddenB. earlyC. gradualD. strong and healthyParagraph 4: The perennial vegetation adjusts to the aridity by means of various avoidance mechanisms. Most desert plants are probably best classified as xerophytes. They possess drought-resisting adaptations: loss of water through the leaves is reduced by means of dense hairs covering waxy leaf surfaces, by the closure of pores during the hottest times to reduce water loss, and by the rolling up or shedding of leaves at the beginning of the dry season. Some xerophytes, the succulents (including cacti), store water in their structures. Another way of countering drought is to have a limited amount of mass above ground and to have extensive root networks below ground. It is not unusual for the roots of some desert perennials to extend downward more than ten meters. Some plants are woody in type —an adaptation designed to prevent collapse of the plant tissue when water stress produces wilting. Another class of desert plant is the phreatophyte. These have adapted to the environment by the development of long taproots that penetrate downward until they approach the assured water supply provided by groundwater. Among these plants are the date palm, tamarisk, and mesquite. They commonly grow near stream channels, springs, or on the margins of lakes.A. eliminatingB. making use ofC. acting againstD. experiencingQ6: According to paragraph 4, some desert plants with root systems that are extraordinarily well developed haveA. relatively little growth abovegroundB. very leafy aboveground structuresC. non woody plant tissue resistant to wiltingD. water stored within their rootsA. pureB. diminishedC. guaranteedD. deepQ8: What do “the date palm, tamarisk, and mesquite" have in common?A. They are always found together.B. They depend on surface water provided by streams, springs, and lakes.C. They are phreatophytes.D. Their roots are capable of breaking through hard soilsParagraph 5: Animals also have to adapt to desert conditions, and they may do it through two forms of behavioral adaptation: they either escape or retreat. Escape involves such actions as aestivation, a condition of prolonged dormancy, or torpor, during which animals reduce their metabolic rate and body temperature during the hot season or during very dry spells.Q9: Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.A. One way animals escape is by entering a state of extended dormancy, known asaestivation, during the hottest and driest times of year.B. Animals can escape without using direct action, or aestivation, simply by reducing theirmetabolic rate and body temperature.C. The actions that an animal uses to escape are known as aestivation, which sometimesinvolves a reduction in metabolic rate or body temperature.D. When the weather is especially hot and dry, an animal may suffer from a condition knownas aestivation, at which point the animal needs to escape.Q10: It can be inferred from paragraph 5 that all of the places desert animals retreat toA. provide shade from the sunB. sometimes become crowdedC. are places where supplies of food are plentifulD. leave the animals vulnerable to predatorsParagraph 6: Seasonal migration is another form of escape, especially for large mammals or birds. The term retreat is applied to the short-term escape behavior of desert animals, and it usually assumes the pattern of a daily rhythm. Birds shelter in nests, rock overhangs, trees, and dense shrubs to avoid the hottest hours of the day, while mammals like the kangaroo rat burrow underground.Paragraph 7: Some animals have behavioral, physiological, and morphological (structural) adaptations that enable them to withstand extreme conditions. For example, the ostrich has plumage that is so constructed that the feathers are long but not too dense. When conditions are hot, the ostrich erects them on its back, thus increasing the thickness of the barrier between solar radiation and the skin. The sparse distribution of the feathers, however, also allows considerable lateral air movement over the skin surface, thereby permitting further heat loss by convection. Furthermore, the birds orient themselves carefully with regard to the Sun and gently flap their wings to increase convection cooling.Q11: According to paragraph 7, what special adaptation helps the ostrich cope with hot desert conditions?A. Each of its feathers is very short and dense.B. Its wings produce only lateral air movement when flapping.C. Its feathers are very thickly set on both its back and its wings.D. It can make its feathers stand up on its back.Paragraph 1: The harsh conditions in deserts are intolerable for most plants and animals. Despite these conditions, however, many varieties of plants and animals have adapted to deserts in a number of ways. Most plant tissues die if their water content falls too low: the nutrients that feed plants are transmitted by water; water is a raw material in the vital process of photosynthesis; and water regulates the temperature of a plant by its ability to absorb heat and because water vapor lost to the atmosphere through the leaves helps to lower plant temperatures. ■Water controls the volume of plant matter produced. ■The distribution of plants within different areas of desert is also controlled by water. ■Some areas, because of their soil texture, topographical position, or distance from rivers or groundwater, have virtually no water available to plants, whereas others do.■Q12: Look at the four squares [■]that indicate where the following sentence could be added to the passage.The increase in reward still did not attract young people to this hard life, and convicted criminals and slaves were pressed into services.Where would the sentence best fit?Q13: Directions: Select from the seven phrases below the two phrases that correctly characterize special adaptations found primarily in desert annuals and the three phrases that correctly characterize special adaptations found primarily in desert perennials. Select each phrase you select in the appropriate column of the table. This question is worth 3 points.Adaptations of Annuals:Five of the phrases will NOT be used.●●Answer ChoicesA. Woody structuresB. Explosive growth in wet yearsC. Long, thin, shallow rootsD. Storage of water in plant tissueE. Minimization of the amount of water used for photosynthesisF. Short life cycleG. Leaves designed to minimize water lossAdaptations of Perennials:Four of the phrases will NOT be used.●●●Answer ChoicesA. Woody structuresB. Explosive growth in wet yearsC. Long, thin, shallow rootsD. Storage of water in plant tissueE. Minimization of the amount of water used for photosynthesisF. Short life cycleG. Leaves designed to minimize water loss。
TPO26综合写作有点难
Three arguments in the passage support that the invasion of zebra mussel to North America can not be stopped and may pose a serous threat to the fish populations. However, these ideas are considered unconvincing by the professor in the lecture.First of all, the author argues that the zebra mussel relies on the ship and can survive in the “ballast water” to spread to new waters and previous spread of the zebra mussel reveals that the species will soon dominate the North America. On the contrary, the professor puts forward that there is an effective way to stop the spread of zebra mussel by ship. For example, in the past, the ships from Europe would carry “ballast water” full of zebra mussel and empty that water in the waterway of North America. But now people can empty that water before arriving at North America and refill with salt water, and hence the salt water in the ocean can kill the zebra mussel.Besides, the passage suggests that often the zebra mussels, having high rate of reproduction, able to survive in various conditions and without natural predators can easily dominate their habitats. By contrast, the professor refutes the idea by claiming that actually it is in the beginning that the zebra mussels have no predators. For example, in Europe, when birds have insufficient food, they would switch their food preference and finally began to eat the zebra mussels. And birds can eat a lot of zebra mussels. Therefore, it is unlikely that the zebra mussels would dominate the habitats.Finally, the author claims that zebra mussels may cause the decline in the overall fish population if they become dominant because they are plankton eaters. However, the professor insists that even if the zebra mussel will have negative influence on the fish eating plankton, the zebra mussel can also have positive effect on other species. For example, the zebra mussels can generate the nutrients that can be eaten by fish living at the bottom of the lake, so the population of bottom feeding fish can increase while the population of plankton-eating fish may decline.。
托福 TPO26 例文 独立写作
Both the reading and the lecture are talking about whther the invation to fresh water fish popilations in all of North America can be presented, but the speaker disagrees with the perspective made in the reading.The reading first claims that it's the history of the zebra mussel's spread that suggests the invasion can't be prevented. However, it has strongly been opposed by the instructor with a new proof. The professor says that people are careful about the ships location now, and the water taken fby the ships will actually kill the muscles. That;s why the opinion of the reading is challenged heavily.Furthermore, the reading conceives that carrying mussels to a new habitat, they can dominate it.On the contrary, the professor asserts that that's just in the beginning, however there's no food in the habitat, so they have to change a place and the birds can eat the mussles, which differs the reading as well.Finally, the reading mentions that a decline is likely to be caused in the overall fish population in the habitats where they becomee dominants, while the professor in the listening material, maintains that the mussels also have positive impact, they can feed the fish in the sea bottom and therefore the population of the fish will increase. Thus, the reading passage has been contradicted again.Therefore, the speaker departs totally from opinions on the topic made in the reading.。
tpo26独立写作范文
tpo26独立写作范文The Importance of Early Childhood EducationEarly childhood education plays a crucial role in a child's development and lays the foundation for future success. It refers to the education and care provided to children from birth to the age of eight. During these formative years, children experience rapid brain development and learn key social, emotional, and cognitive skills that will shape their future.First and foremost, early childhood education helps to foster social and emotional intelligence in children. Young children are naturally curious and eager to learn, and early education provides them with a safe and supportive environment to explore and interact with others. Through play-based learning activities, children develop important social skills such as sharing, taking turns, and collaborating with peers. They also learn how to express their emotions and develop empathy towards others, setting a strong foundation for healthy relationships later in life. Furthermore, early childhood education promotes cognitive development by stimulating children's thinking and problem-solving skills. High-quality early education programs provide a wide range of activities that encourage children to explore, experiment, and think critically. For example, they may engage in hands-on science experiments, solve puzzles, or engage in pretend play, all of which enhance theircognitive abilities and promote a love for learning. Research has shown that children who participate in early education programs tend to have higher IQ scores and academic achievements later on.Another important aspect of early childhood education is the development of language and literacy skills. During the early years, children's brains are highly receptive to language acquisition, and exposure to rich language environments during this critical period can have a significant impact on their language development. Early education programs provide opportunities for children to engage in conversations, listen to stories, and develop early reading and writing skills. These language skills are essential for effective communication and future academic success.In conclusion, early childhood education plays a vital role in a child's overall development. It promotes social and emotional intelligence, enhances cognitive abilities, and develops language and literacy skills. Investing in high-quality early education programs not only benefits the individual child but also contributes to the development of a strong and prosperous society. Therefore, it is essential for governments and communities to prioritize early childhood education and ensure that all children have access to high-quality educational opportunities from the very beginning of their lives.。
托福作文tpo26
TPO26In the lecture, the professor refute the opinions in the passage by saying that this invasion could be stopped and zebra mussels won't cause threat to freshwater fish populations. In the past, it was difficult to stop this process because of the lack of knowledge.First of all, the professor think the claim made in the passage that the invasion is unstoppable is not the truth. Because the zebra mussel travel across the ocean using ships. Ships filled themselves with freshwater in Europe along with plenty of mussels, and at the time of arriving North America the water was entered into the ocean, causing thee spread of mussels. However, if ships refilled themselves with salt water during the trip while them are still in the center of the ocean, mussels inside ships will be killed.Secondly, according the professor, zebra mussels can't become dominant in new habitats as said in the passage. Because the experience in Europe has proved that local birds, though may unfamiliar with mussels when they first appear, would later find mussels are good food sources. As a result, native predators could switch from their previous food to the zebra mussel and thus controlling the population of mussels.Thirdly, as the professor suggested, contrary to what is in the passage, even where mussels become dominant, they will not lead to a decline in the overall fish population.In the lecture, the professor refute the opinions in the passage by saying that this invasion could be stopped and zebra mussels won't cause threat to freshwater fish populations. In the past, it was difficult to stop this process because of the lack of knowledge.First of all, the professor think the claim made in the passage that the invasion is unstoppable is not the truth. Because the zebra mussel travel across the ocean using ships. Ships filled themselves with freshwater in Europe along with plenty of mussels, and at the time of arriving North America the water was entered into the ocean, cauing thee spread of mussels. However, if ships refilled themselves with salt water during the trip while them are still in the centre of the ocean, mussels inside will be killed.Secondly, according the professor, zebra mussels can't become dominant in new habitats as said in the passage. Because the experience in Europe has proved that local birds, though may unfamiliar with mussels when they first appear, would later find mussels are good food sources. As a result, native predators could switch from their previous food to the zebra mussel and thus controlling the population of mussels.Thirdly, as the professor suggested, contrary to what is in the passage, even where mussels become dominant, they will not lead to a decline in the overall fish population.。
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In terms whether the zebra mussel will exert negative influence on North American, the passage and lecture are contradictory to each other. The author believes that zebra mussel might do harm the local species as they arrived while the lecturer holds a different opinion.
First of all, the author makes a point that the history events suggest the zebra mussel's invasion is unstoppable. In the past, human transportation makes it possible for zebra mussel spread around the whole Europe and it is likely to happen again in North American. However, the lecturer demonstrates a different idea that a change made in the "ballast water" will prevent the invasion of zebra mussel from continuing. He says that if we refill the "ballast water" with ocean water, the mussel will no longer survive because the saline water might probably kill them all.
Second, contrary to the belief in the passage that zebra mussel is able to conquer the new habitat due to their high reproduction rates and adaptation ability, as well as lacking predator, the lecturer says that the hypothesis made by author is not true. He mentions that there are many local bird will eat the zebra mussel as a major prey. As a result, the zebra mussel is unlikely to dominate the new habitat.
Finally, regarding whether the zebra mussel will cause the decline in the fish population since they may compete for food such as plankton with fish species. The author thinks it is a possible consequence brought by zebra mussel. However, the lecturer refutes it that the mussel can't reduce the fish population because they provide enough nutrient for bottom living fish.。