高考英语二轮复习600分策略专题4语法填空和短文改错第1讲语法必备重点2词性转换比较等级和名词的数课件
• 13．(2018·广东L)u_c_k_il_y______(lucky)，he also had a cow which produced milk every day.
• 解析：句意：幸运的是，设空在句中作评注性状语，修饰全句， 应用副词。故填Luckily。注意句首字母要大写；注意以－y结尾的形 容词变副词应将y改为i再加－ly。
• 练有小得：early(adj. & adv. )是高考语法填空和短文改错的高
频考点，所以考生应记牢以下几点：
• at/from an early age“年少时/自年少时”，in the early days“最初”，early in the morning“一大早”。
• 时间段＋earlier表“……之前”，at one’s earliest convenience“尽早”。
第一编
专题四 语法填空和短文改错
第1讲 语法必备 重点二 词性转换、比较等级和名词的数
知考向
2018年高考加大了对形容词和副词的考查力度。2018高考对名 词的考查以名词的数、名词的复数形式和词性转换为主。完形 填空会涉及对名词、形容词和词义辨析。
语法填空如提示词是形容词或副词，应考虑词性转换或比较等 定考点
• 17．(2014·辽宁卷)Thhaerd_er_________ (hard) you try to beat him， the more likely you will get hit.
• 解析：句意：你越想努力打败他，你就越有可能被打倒。根据空 前的The和后一分句的the more likely可知此处应用比较级。“the ＋比较级. . ，the＋比较级. ”为固定句式，表“越……，就越……”。
(识别)those
• 解析：句意：如果你因为工作职责而感到有压力的话，那么你应 该退一步弄清哪些事情更重要，哪些事情不太重要。空后的and连接 两个并列成分，设空处应与less并列，应用比较级。故填greater。
• 16．(2014·全国卷)Finally，that hard work paid off and now theclewanaetrer in the river is __________(clean) than ever. • 解析：句意：最后，辛苦的工作得到了回报，现在河水比以前干 净多了。根据句中比较级的标志词than可知该空应用比较级，故填 cleaner。
• 练有小进：fun作名词时，是不可数名词，意为“乐趣；有趣的 人或物”，是不可数名词，前面不能加不定冠词，也没有复数形式。 常用于短语have fun“玩得开心”；for fun“为了玩乐”；make fun of“取笑”；fun作形容词时，意为“有趣的；给人欢乐的”。
• 6．(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)The title willofbfiecia_ll_y____________ (official) given to me at a ceremony in London.
• 解析：句a意ch：iev然em后ent首先处理重要的任务，那么你会感觉到一种真 正的成就感。介词of后应接名词作宾语，a sense of achievement“一种成就感”，此时achievement是不可数名词。
• 8．(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)Food in small pieces could be eaten echagosripalydsutwailcliykths.twigs which ____________(gradual)turned into
• 19．(2016·上海卷)Up to a certain point，the more stress youbeatterre under，the __________ (good) your performance will be. • 解析：句意：在一定程度上，你所受的压力越大，你的表现就会 越好。根据设空前一分句的the more和设空前的定冠词the，可判 断此处是“the＋比较级... ，the＋比较级... ”结构，意为“越……， 就越……”。形容词good的比较级和最高级分别是better，best。 句中应记住的短语up to a certain extent“在某种程度上”；under stress“在压力句子中所作的成分是解答词性转换 题的关键所在。 • 1．填形容词或副词 • ①作定语、表语、宾语补足语或主语补足语：用提示词的形容词 形式。 • ②修饰动词、形容词、副词、介词短语或整个句子时：应用提示 词的副词形式。 • ③提示词是形容词、副词，词性不需要变化时：根据句意和前后 逻辑关系，确定添加否定前缀(un－，im－，in－，il－，dis－等) 或否定后缀(－less)变为提示词的反义词。
• 解析：句意：这个头衔将在伦敦的一个仪式上正式授予我。设空 在句中修饰谓语will be given，应用副词作状语，故填official的副 词officially，意为“正式地”。 • 7．(2016·全国卷Ⅱ)Then，handle the most important tasks first so you’ll feel a real sense of ______________(achieve).
• 15．(2016·全国卷Ⅱ)If you feel stressed by responsibilities
at of
work，you should take a __________(great) and less
step back and importance.
idgreenatteirfy
• 解析：句意：她决定继续自己的学业。设空前是形容词性物主代 词her，故设空应填名词。educate的名词形式是education，意为 “教育”。be determined to do sth. “决定做某事”；carry on with sth. “继续进行某事”；receive a good education“接受良好 的教育”。
级；如提示词是名词，考虑词性转换或名词复数形式。
1
真题体验
2
即时巩固
3
素能强化
真题体验
• 正面解读增分语法填空 • 考法1 考查词性转换——确定词性，联系构词法 • 1．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)Howeverc，arebfuel __________(care) not to go to extremes.
• 11．(2017·浙江卷)But something made her look closer， and she noticed a ________________(shine) object.
shiny/shining
• 解析：句意：但是有个东西让她凑近看了一下，于是她注意到一 个闪闪发光的东西。设空前是冠词a，设空后的object是名词，故设 空处应填形容词，说明事物的特征，意为“闪闪发光的”，填shiny 或shining。
• 12．(2016·四川卷)Chinese scienretcisetnstly____________ (recent) had a chance to study a wild female panda with a newborn baby.
• 解析：句意：中国科学家最近有机会研究一个野生雌性大熊猫和 它的小宝宝。设空在句中修饰谓语动词had，应用副词作状语：故填 recently，意为“最近”。
• 10．(2014·全国卷Ⅰ)While there aamraezing __________(amaze)stories of instant transformation，for most of us the changes are gradual.
• 解析：句意：尽管有一些令人吃惊的快速改观的事情，但是对我 们大部分人而言，变化是循序渐进的。设空后是名词stories，应用 形容词作定语。设空所填词说明事物stories的特性，应用以－ing结 尾的形容词amazing，表“令人吃惊的”。amazed意为“吃惊的”， 用以说明人的心理感受或修饰与人有关的名词，如appearance(外 表)，look(神情)，expression(表情)，smile(微笑)，voice(嗓音)等。
• 2．填名词
• ①根据句法结构判断填名词：作主语或在及物动词或介词后作宾 语考虑用提示词的名词形式。确定词性为名词后，根据常用的前后 缀将提示词转换成适当的形式，同时根据具体语境确定名词的单复 数。
• ②根据设空前的限定词判断填名词：在“冠词(＋形容词)”后填名 词。
• ③在形容词性物主代词、名词所有格、数词、量词和形容词之后， 考虑填名词。
• 解析：句意：伦敦中心地铁是这些新开线路中最为成功的线路之 一。它于1900年通车。the most ________ of these new lines在句 中作系动词was的表语，设空前是the most，故设空填形容词与之 构成最高级，名词success的形容词是successful。
• 4．(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)She is determined to carry on ewduitchatihoner ____________ (educate).
• 考法2 考查比较等级——利用标志词确定比较级
• 14．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)Evweonrse________(bad)，the amount of fast food that people eat goes up.
• 解析：句意：更糟糕的是，人们所吃快餐的数量增加了。设空前 是比较级修饰语Even，故设空处应填比较级。注意bad/badly的比 较级和最高级分别是worse，worst。类似用法还有What’s worse/worse still/even worse“更糟糕的是”。
coonohl ontigdhastlyso，swlaytnhdusgwivaermouint gthtahtehheoaut s_e_.________
2019高考英语二轮复习600分策略专题4语法填空和短文改错第1讲语法必备重点3小词不可忽视_冠词介词数词和代
小词不可忽视-冠词、介词、数词和代词第一组Ⅰ. 语法填空(2018·长郡中学新高三实验班选拔考试) Traditional Chinese wedding customs have been around for thousands of years. They may vary from place to place and time to time，but have been holding an important position in the lives of Chinese people， __1. causing__ (cause) a far－reaching impact on the way the Chinese lead their lives. The traditional Chinese marriage usually __2. involves__ (involve) some necessary procedures，such as match－making，engagement，meeting the bride，and three bows. __3. In__ addition，a typical Chinese wedding nowadays goes like this—when a new couple is engaged， __4. what__ follows is a __5. choice__ (choose) of the date of their marriage.Most people would favor a holiday or special Chinese festival for their relatives and friends __6. to attend__ (attend) the wedding. However，quite a few others，especially __7. those__ in the countryside，would fix a lucky date so that their marriage would have “Double Happiness”. The wedding ceremony is usually hosted __8. warmly__ (warm) and the wedding ceremony very often ends with __9. a__ unique banquet. Toasts are made to wish the new couple long life，everlasting love and happiness，early birth of a __10. healthy__ (health) baby and so on.文章大意：本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了中国的婚俗习惯。
2019高考英语二轮复习600分策略专题4语法填空和短文改错第1讲语法必备重点4经常考查的并列句和三
经常考查的并列句和三大从句提分单句训练Ⅰ. 单句填空❶(2018·北京东城区二模)Nobody can go back and start a new beginning， __but__ anyone can start now and make a new ending.解析：考查连词。
空格前的句意为“没有人可以回到过去重新开始”，空格后的句意为“谁都可以从现在开始做个新的结束”，所以前后句是转折的关系，故填but。
❷(2018·天津)Kae， __whose__ sister I shared a room with when we were at college，has gone to work in Australia.解析：考查定语从句关系词。
句意：凯特已经去澳大利亚工作了。
我们在大学的时候，我和她的姐姐共住一室。
分析句子，句中先行词为Kate，在非限定性定语从句中作名词sister 的定语，故用关系代词whose。
练有小得：分析定语从句需抓住两点：1. 找准先行词；2. 看先行词在从句中所作的成分。
抓住这两点，再根据句意，从而能够判断出正确的关系词。
❸(2018·合肥三模)The ninth day of the ninth month is the day that has two “yang” numbers，and “chong” in Chinese means double，which is __how__ the name “Chongyang” came into being.解析：考查名词性从句。
句意：这就是重阳这个名字如何形成的。
________ the name “Chongyang” came into being在句中作表语，从句中缺少方式状语，故用how引导宾语从句。
❹(2018·威海二模)As a local saying goes：“If you cannot find someone，he or she is either playing mahjong __or__ on the way to play mahjong. ”解析：考查连词。
2021高考英语二轮复习600分策略专题4语法填空和短文改错第1讲语法必备重点2词性转换比较等级和名
2021高考英语二轮复习600分策略专题4语法填空和短文改错第1讲语法必备重点2词性转换比较等级和名词的数素能强化20211216223第一组Ⅰ. 语法填空(2020·江西赣中南五校高三第一次联合考试) The World Health Organization (WHO) has made an appeal to scientists，drug manufacturers and governments. The WHO wants them to work together __1. to develop__ (develop) drugs to fight 12 bacteria. These bacteria __2. are__ (be) able to resist __3. powerful__ (power) antibiotic(抗生素) drugs. The resistance is so unusually strong that all the 12 bacteria have been given a special name “superbug”.The United Nations agency reported this week the 12 superbugs are a threat to human __4. health__ (healthy). It said they have __5. the__ ability to easily turn treatable infections into killers. The WHO says superbugs can also pass along genetic material __6. that/which__ helps other bacteria become resistant to drug treatment.Marie－Paule Kieny is the Assistant Director－General at the WHO. She said，“Antibiotic resistance is growing and we are fast running out __7. of__ treatment options. ” She urged governments to give drug companies reasons to develop new treatments. “If we leave it to market forces alone，the new antibiotics we most __8. urgently__ (urgent)need are not going to be developed in time，” she said.Antibiotic drugs can lose their effectiveness when people take more or less than the amount __9. required__ (require) by doctors. When this happens，infections that __10. were treated__ (treat) at one time easily become resistant.文章大意：本文要紧讲述了世界卫生组织呼吁开发新的药物，以应对超级病菌对人类健康的威逼。
高考英语二轮复习600分策略专题4语法填空和短文改错第1讲语法必备重点1动词形式最常考“谓”与“非谓”要辨
6．(2015·全国卷Ⅱ)In addition to their simple beauty，what makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their ability to “air condition” a house without _u_s_i_n_g___ (use)electric equipment.
解析：句意：我听见我后面有个乘客冲着司机大喊，但司机坚持要到下一 站才停车。refuse to do sth. “拒绝做某事”。
8．(2017·江苏卷)A quick review of successes and failures at the end of year will help __s_h_a_p_e_/t_o_s_h_a_p_e_____(shape) your year ahead.
4．(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)But Sarah，who has taken part in shows along with top models wants ___to__p_r_o_v_e___(prove) that she has brains as well as beauty
解析：句意：但是已和其他超模一起走过各种秀场的萨拉想证明自己智慧 与美貌并存。want to do sth. “想要做某事”
素能强化
真题体验
正面解读增分语法填空 考法1 非谓语动词作宾语——句型公式法 1．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)Fast food is full of fat and salt； by ___e_a_ti_n_g___ (eat) more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet. 解析：句意：通过吃更多快餐，人们将在饮食中摄入超过他们所需的脂肪 和盐分。介词by之后接动名词作宾语，表示“通过做某事”，表方式。
2019高考英语二轮复习600分策略专题4语法填空和短文改错第1讲语法必备重点4经常考查的并列句和三
the week after.
that/which引导定语从句。
大 二 轮 复 习 英 语
·
返回导航
第一编 专题四
语法填空和短文改错
13．(2017·浙江卷)Pahlsson and her husband now think the ring probable got
where swept into a pile of kitchen rubbish and was spread over the garden， ________it remained until the carrot’s leafy top accidentally sprouted(生长) through it. 解析：分析句子可知，逗号前的句子意义完整，所以空格处引导非限制性 定语从句。考生很容易受前面的先行词 garden的影响误填which。引导非限制性
语法填空和短文改错
9．(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)But my connection with pandas goes back to my days on a when TV show in the mid － 1980s ， ________ I was the first Western TV reporter permitted to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild. 解析：句意：但是我和熊猫的关系追溯到20世纪80年代中期，我拍摄一个
2019高考英语二轮复习 600分策略 专题4 语法填空和短文改错 第1讲 语法必备 重点1 动词形
动词形式最常考，“谓”与“非谓”要辨清考点1 千变万化的谓语动词第一组Ⅰ. 语法填空(2018·河南省豫北名校高三上学期质量评估) Lanzhou beef noodle is one of China’s most representative flour－made foods while pasta (意大利面食) is one famous Western fancy food. An event，“When Lanzhou beef noodle meets pasta” ， __1. connecting__ (connect) city food cultures，was held at the Beijing Ritz－Carlton Hotel on October 11，2017 to show the interaction.Lanzhou beef noodle has a history of 102 years and is known for its __2. tasty__ (taste) beef，soup and noodles. Lanzhou is also qualified as __3. the__ hometown of Chinese beef noodle. __4. As__ one major city along the ancient Silk Road，Lanzhou has witnessed the efforts of our ancestors and their achievements of developing the Silk Road，according to Zhang Hui，deputy director with the Publicity Department of the CPC Committee of Lanzhou.Lanzhou’s cooking culture __5. has developed__ (develop) its own time－honored characteristics over the years. The event will make Lanzhou beef noodle well－known not only across Lanzhou， __6. but__ across the world through the Belt and Road Initiative thanks to the __7. participation__ (participate) of the two countries’noodle masters. It will also improve cultural exchanges，Zhang added. Lanzhou people would like to work with friends at home and abroad __8. to promote__ (promote) the development of cooking and we __9. sincerely__ (sincere) hope more cultural exchanges of this kind __10. will be held__ (hold) in Italy and Lanzhou in the future.文章大意：本文是一篇说明文。
12019高考英语二轮复习600分策略专题4语法填空和短文改错第1讲语法必备重点3小词不可忽视_冠词
小词不可忽视-冠词、介词、数词和代词第一组Ⅰ. 语法填空(2018·长郡中学新高三实验班选拔考试) Traditional Chinese wedding customs have been around for thousands of years. They may vary from place to place and time to time，but have been holding an important position in the lives of Chinese people， __1. causing__ (cause) a far－reaching impact on the way the Chinese lead their lives. The traditional Chinese marriage usually __2. involves__ (involve) some necessary procedures，such as match－making，engagement，meeting the bride，and three bows. __3. In__ addition，a typical Chinese wedding nowadays goes like this—when a new couple is engaged， __4. what__ follows is a __5. choice__ (choose) of the date of their marriage.Most people would favor a holiday or special Chinese festival for their relatives and friends __6. to attend__ (attend) the wedding. However，quite a few others，especially __7. those__ in the countryside，would fix a lucky date so that their marriage would have “Double Happiness”. The wedding ceremony is usually hosted __8. warmly__ (warm) and the wedding ceremony very often ends with __9. a__ unique banquet. Toasts are made to wish the new couple long life，everlasting love and happiness，early birth of a __10. healthy__ (health) baby and so on.文章大意：本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了中国的婚俗习惯。
教育最新K122019高考英语二轮复习 600分策略 专题4 语法填空和短文改错 第1讲 语法必备 重点1 动词形式最常
动词形式最常考，“谓”与“非谓”要辨清考点2 复杂多变的非谓语动词第一组Ⅰ. 语法填空(2018·福州市八县市一中联考) China is in mourning after its most famous and oldest captive(被圈养的) panda Basi died __1. aged__ (age) thirtyseven. Basi was born in the wild in 1980. At the age of four，she fell into an icy river and was __2. fortunately__ (fortune) rescued by some local villagers __3. living__ (live) in Baoxing County in southwest China’s Province. The locals handed her over to the Strait Panda Research and Exchange Centre in Fuzhou，where she lived the rest of her life. Basi came to fame shortly __4. after__ she was chosen as the model for Pan Pan，the mascot of the 1990 Asian Games in Beijing.Basi never bred(繁殖) but overcame several severe __5. illnesses__ (ill) to live for more than __6. twice__ (two) the 15－year life expectancy of wild pandas. Basi __7. was confirmed__ (confirm) to be the world’s oldest captive panda by Guinness World Records in August. Captive pandas tend to live __8. longer__ (long) due to better nutrition and living conditions. Word has come __9. that__ Basi’s body will be put in Basi Museum，which is __10. under__ construction at present for people to remember her forever and share the spirit of the harmonious development between humans and nature.文章大意：本文是一篇记叙文。
2021高考英语二轮复习600分策略专题4语法填空和短文改错第1讲语法必备重点3小词不可忽视冠词介词
2021高考英语二轮复习600分策略专题4语法填空和短文改错第1讲语法必备重点3小词不可忽视冠词介词数词和代词即时巩固Ⅰ. 单句填空❶(2020·龙岩二模)The local drama “Huiban” was popular in South China during the __eighteenth/18th__ (eighteen) century.解析：考查数词。
设空前是定冠词the，设空后是名词century，表在“几世纪”，应用序数词。
❷(2020·银川一中三模)Zhang Xiaoquan Scissors are produced in Hangzhou City，__the__ provincial capital of Zhejiang Province in East China.解析：考查冠词。
句意：张小泉剪刀产于杭州市。
杭州是华东浙江省的省会都市。
该处特指杭州是浙江省的省会都市，应用定冠词the。
❸(2020·龙岩二模)It is the most well－known Chinese opera form，recognized as “Oriental Opera” __with__ a long history of 160 years.解析：考查介词。
句意：它是最闻名的中国戏剧形式，被认为是有着160年历史的东方戏剧。
表“有多长时刻的历史”，应用with a history of. . . 。
❹(2021·石家庄考前模拟)Sugar paintings are made of melted brown or white sugar，with which craftsmen can paint __a__ variety of animals and flowers.解析：考查冠词。
设空与空后的variety of构成固定短语，a variety of，意为“各种各样的”。
2019高考英语二轮复习600分策略专题4语法填空和短文改错第1讲语法必备重点5增分书面表达的特殊句式ppt版本
• 3．there be句式的2个关键点
• ①there be结构中的谓语动词be可与there seem to be(似 有)；there happen to be(碰巧有)等替换。
名师点津
• 1．牢记强调句的2个句式及1个方法 • ①强调句型的基本构成：It is/was＋被强调的部分＋ that/who＋其他部分。被强调部分可以是主语、宾语和状语等。
• ②not... until的强调句型：It is/was not until... ＋ that＋其他部分。
• 2．部分倒装的3个句式
• 3．(2015·北京卷)If ____________ (accept) for the j you’ll be informed sooacnc.epted
• 解析：句意：如果你被录取做这个工作，你将很快被通知。 题考查状语从句的省略：完整的句子为：If you are accepted the job，you’ll be informed soon。
• ②如果有两个或两个以上的主语，谓语动词be采用就近一致 则。
• 反面解读破解短文改错
• 设错点1 祈使句与省略句的误用
• 1．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)The instructor kept repeating th
words，“Speed up！”“Slow ________________
down！T”ur“ingT→urTnurinng
名师点津
• 1．祈使句的4种句式 • ①动词原形(＋宾语＋其他成分) • ②Be＋表语，如Be honest. • ③Let’s/Let us do/not do sth. • ④祈使句＋and/or＋简单句(简单句谓语用一般将来时)