《数据的收集与整理》单元测试1

数据的收集与整理

一、选择题（每小题分，共30分）

1．下面调查统计中，适合做普查的是（）．

A．雪花牌电冰箱的市场占有率B．蓓蕾专栏电视节目的收视率C．飞马牌汽车每百公里的耗油量D．今天班主任张老师与几名同学谈话

2．为了了解一批电视机的寿命，从中抽取100台电视机进行试验，这个问题的样本是（）．

A．这批电视机B．这批电视机的寿命

C．所抽取的100台电视机的寿命D．100

3．某课外兴趣小组为了解所在地区老年人的健康状况，分别作了四种不同的抽样调查．你认为抽样比较合理的是（）．

A．在公园调查了1000名老年人的健康状况

B．在医院调查了1000名老年人的健康状况

C．调查了10名老年邻居的健康状况

D．利用派出所的户籍网随机调查了该地区10％的老年人的健康状况

4．为了了解某校学生的每日动运量，收集数据正确的是（）．A．调查该校舞蹈队学生每日的运动量B．调查该校书法小组学生每日的运动量

C．调查该校田径队学生每日的运动量D．调查该校某个班级的学生每日的运动量

5．如图1，所提供的信息正确的是（）．

A．七年级学生最多

B．九年级的男生是女生的两倍

C．九年级学生女生比男生多

D．八年级比九年级的学生多

6．某人设计了一个游戏，在一网吧征求了三位游戏迷的意见，就宣传“本游戏深受游戏迷欢迎”，这种说法错误的原因是（）．

A．没有经过专家鉴定

B．应调查四位游戏迷

C．这三位玩家不具有代表性

D．以上都不是

7．如图2的两个统计图，女生人数多的学校是（）．

A．甲校B．乙校

C．甲、乙两校女生人数一样多D．无法确定

8．为了测量调查对象每分钟的心跳次数，甲同学建议测量2分钟的心跳次数再除以2，乙同学建议测量10秒的心跳次数再乘以6，你认为哪位同学的方法更具有代表性（）．

A．甲同学B．乙同学

C．两种方法都具有代表性D．两种方法都不合理

9．某市股票在七个月之内增长率的变化状况如图3所示．从图上看出，下列结论不正确的是（）．

A．2~6月份股票月增长率逐渐减少

B．7月份股票的月增长率开始回升

C．这七个月中，每月的股票不断上涨

D．这七个月中，股票有涨有跌

10．关于如图4所示的统计图中（单位：万元），正确的说法是（）．

A．第一季度总产值4.5万元

B．第二季度平均产值6万元

C．第二季度比第一季度增加5.8万元

D．第二季度比第一季度增长33.5%

二、填空题（每小题3，共30分）

11．为了了解某商品促销广告中所称中奖率的真实性，某人买了100件该商品调查其中奖率，那么他采用的调查方式是______．

12．某中学要了解初二学生的视力情况，在全校初二年级中抽取了25名学生进行检测，在这个问题中，总体是______，样本是______．

13．常用统计图的类型有：______、______、______．

14．在扇形统计图中，其中一个扇形的圆心角为72°，则这个扇形所表示的占总体的______．

15．根据预测，21世纪中叶我国劳动者构成比例绘制成扇形统计图如图5所示，则第一、二、三产业劳动者的构成比例是______∶______∶______．

16．某商场5月份随机抽查了6天的营业额，结果分别如下（单位：万元）：2.8，

3.2，3.4，3.7，3.0，3.1，则估算该商场在第二季度的营业额约是______万元．17．为了了解某所初级中学学生对6月5日“世界环境日”是否知道，从该校全体学生1200名中，随机抽查了80名学生，结果显示有2名学生“不知道”．由此，估计该校全体学生中对“世界环境日”约有名学生“不知道”．18．已知全班有40位学生，他们有的步行，有的骑车，还有的乘车来上学，根据以下已知信息完成统计表：

上学方式步行骑车乘车

划计正正正

次数9

占百分比

19．如果你是班长，想组织一次春游活动，用问卷的形式向全班同学进行调查，你设计的调查内容是（请列举一条）________________________．

20．刘强同学为了调查全市初中生人数，他对自己所在城区人口和城区初中生人数作了调查：城区人口约3万，初中生人数约1200．全市人口实际约300万，为此他推断全市初中生人数为12万．但市教育局提供的全市初中生人数约8万，与估计数据有很大偏差．请你用所学的统计知识，找出其中错误的原因______________．

三、解答题（共40分）

21．（6分）下面这几个抽样调查选取样本的方法是否合适，并说明理由.

（1）为调查全校学生对购买正版书籍、唱片和软件的支持率，在全校所

有的班级中任意抽取8个班级，调查这8个班所有学生对购买正版书籍、

唱片和软件的支持率.

（2）为调查一个省的环境污染情况，调查省会城市的环境污染情况.

22．（6分）开学之初，七年级一班的张老师为了安排座位，需要了解全班同学的视力情况，你认为张老师应采取哪种调查方法比较合适？说一说你的理由.

23．（6分）课堂上老师布置给每个小组一个任务，用抽样调查的方法估计全班同学的平均身高，坐在教室最后面的小强为了争速度，立即就近向他周围的三个同学做调查，计算出他们四个人的平均身高后就举手向老师示意已经完成任务了.小强所选用的这种抽样调查的方式你认为合适吗？为什么？

24．（6分）某校围绕着“你最喜欢的体育活动项目是什么？（只写一项）”的问题，对在校学生进行了随机抽样调查，从而得到一组数据．图6是根据这组数据绘制的条形统计图．请结合统计图回答下列问题：

（1）该校对多少名学生进行了抽样调查？

（2）本次抽样调查中，最喜欢篮球活动的有多少人？占被调查人数的百分比是多少？

（3）若该校九年级共有200名学生，图7是根据各年级学生人数占全校学生总人数的百分比

绘制的扇形统计图，请你估计全校学生中最喜欢跳绳活动的人数约为多少？

25．（8分）第8中学的九年级学生在社会实践中，调查了500位市民某天早上出行上班所用的交通工具，结果用以下扇形统计图表示．（1）请你将图8这个统计图改成用折线统计图表示的形式；（2）请根据此项调查，对城市交通给政府提出一条建议．

图

六七

八九图

最喜欢的

最喜

羽跳足篮其0

4 8 11

26．（8分）今年，市政府的一项实事工程就是由政府投人1 000万元资金．对城区4万户家庭的老式水龙头和13升抽水马桶进行免费改造．某社区为配合政府完成该项工作，对社区内1200户家庭中的120户进行了随机抽样调查，并汇总成下表：

改造情况均不

改造

改造水龙头改造马桶1个2个3个4个1个2个

户数20 31 28 21 12 69 2

(1)试估计该社区需要对水龙头、马桶进行改造的家庭共有＿＿＿＿＿户；

(2)改造后，一只水龙头一年大约可节省5吨水，一只马桶一年大约可节省15吨水．试估计该社区一年共可节约多少吨自来水?

(3)在抽样的120户家庭中，既要改造水龙头又要改造马桶的家庭共有多少户?

参考答案

一、

1. D 提示：仔细分析考题提供的四种考查对象，不难推断出：A、B、C分别

考查电冰箱的市场占有率、电视节目的收视率、汽车每百公里的耗油量，由于它们考查的对象数量大，一般这种情况应采用抽样调查的方式，D针对一个班而言，其人数有限，故应采取普查的方式．选D

2.C、

3. D 提示：选项A和选项B不具有代表性，因为到公园的老年人一般都是喜欢

锻练的，他们的身体素质一般都好，到医院的老年人的健康一般不算太好；

选项C，调查了10名老年，调查不具有代表性和广泛性；故选D。

4.D、

5.B．6．C7．D8．B9．C10．C

二、

11．抽样调查

12．某中学初二学生的视力情况，该校初二年级中25名学生的视力情况13．条形统计图，扇形统计图，折线统计图

14．20%

15．1，2，2

16．291.2

17．30

18．、；15、16；37.5%、22.5%

19．如：你最想去哪玩.

20．提示：错误的原因可能是样本在总体中所占比例太小；或样本不具代表性、广泛性、随机性；只要答对其中一项即可。

三、

21．（1）合适；（2）．不合适

22．全面调查

23．提示：因为小强他们四个人坐在教室最后面，所以他们的身高平均数就会大于整个班的身高平均数，这样的样本就不具有代表性了.

++++=（名）

24．解：（1）由图3知：4810181050

答：该校对50名学生进行了抽样调查．（2）本次调查中，最喜欢篮球活动的有18人．

1003650

?=％％ ∴最喜欢篮球活动的人数占被调查人数的36％．

（3）1(302624)20-++=％％％％ 200201000÷=％（人）

100100016050

??=％（人）答：估计全校学生中最喜欢跳绳活动的人数约为160人． 25．（1）折线统计图如右：

（2）诸如实行公交优先；或宣传步行有利健康等．

26．(1)在抽查的120户中，均不改造的20户，另外的100户需要对水龙头、马桶进行改造．照此比例，估计该社区1200户家庭中需要对水龙头、马桶进行改造的家庭户数为

（户）1000120

1001200=?

． (2)抽样的120户家庭一年共可节约用水：

（1×31+2×28+×21+4×12）× 5+(1×69+2×2)×15 =198×5＋73×15=2085(吨)．所以，该社区一年共可节约用水的吨数为

2085×100

1000=20850(吨)．

(3)设既要改造水龙头又要改造马桶的家庭共有x 户，则只改造水龙头不改造马桶的家庭共有(92一x)户，只改造马桶不改造水龙头的家庭共有(71一x)户，根据题意列方程，得

x+(92一x)+(71一x)=100，

解得， x=63．

所以，既要改造水龙头又要改造马桶的家庭共有63户．

也可以从另一角度考虑，从表中数据可以看出，在这120户中，改造水龙头和改造马桶的户数之和为31+28+21+12+69+2=163（户）．

0 5

11223步自电公私交通

人数 500位杭州市民出行的

由于只有100户需要对水龙头、马桶进行改造，所以多出的就是既要改造水龙头又要改造马桶的家庭．因此，此类家庭的人数为163-100=63（户）．

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