外研版高中英语必修三Module6Grammar
③定语从句的谓语动词是一般过去式的主动语态。比较： *The man who gave us a talk was his father. 给我们做报告的那个人是他父亲。(做报告为过去的事 ) *The man giving us a talk was his father. (做报告的动作正在 进行 )正在给我们做报告的那个人是他父亲。
【高考体验】 限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句做题四部曲： 1. 分析句式结构，明确限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句 的区别 ； 2. 明确定语从句中所缺少的句子成分； 3. 明确选项中引导词在定语从句中的作用； 4. 确定从句的先行词。
1. (2013·山东高考 )There is no simple answer, ______ is often
5. 定语从句简化为 “介词+which+不定式” 的形式。 *The farmers use wood to build a house in which they can store grain. →The farmers use wood to build a house in which to store grain. (in which不可用where代替 ) 农民用木头建造房子用来储存粮食。
*Football, which is a very interesting game, is played all over the world. (which引导非限制性定语从句，在从句中作 主语 )足球是一项非常有趣的运动，世界各地都踢足球。
*Mr Smith, for whom I was working, was very generous about overtime payments. (介词+whom引导非限制性定语从 句，在从句中作状语 )我曾为史密斯先生工作，他在付加班 费方面很大方。
2. 限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别。
区别 形式
功能
限制性定语从句
非限制性定语从句
与先行词之间不用逗号隔开
与先行词的关系十分密切， 限制先行词的意义。如果去 掉该从句，剩余部分的意思 往往不完整，甚至失去意义
与先行词之间一般 用逗号隔开
是先行词的附加说 明，如去掉，句子 剩余部分的意思仍 然完整
功能 话人的观点、看法，并指出主 上相当于一个并列
句内容的根据或出处等
句
*As can be seen from his face, he is quite pleased. 从他的表情可以看出来，他非常高兴。(as引导的定语从句位 于句首，此处不能用which )
﹡He came to my birthday, which I didn’t expect at all. 我完全没有想到，他来参加我的生日聚会了。(从句中的谓语 动词是否定结构，这时关系代词只能用which，而不可以用 as )
二、难点突破 as, which引导非限制性定语从句的区别：
项目 指代
as
引导的从句只能指代 整个主句的内容
which 引导的从句既可指代整个 主句的内容，又可指代主 句的一部分
可位于主句之前、之 引导的从句不能位于主句
位置
中或之后
之前
意义 正如
这，那
项目
as
which
起连接上下文的作用，表达说 引导的从句在意义
高中英语课件
（金戈铁骑 整理制作）
Module 6 Old and New 用关系词(which/ who/ as/ whom/where )完成下列句子，并观 察在下列句子中所作的成分。
1. The Three Gorges Dam is the biggest construction project in China, _w_h__ic_h_ will generate a large amount of energy. ( 从句的主语 ) 2. Mao Zedong wrote a poem about a dam across the Yangtze River, _w__h_o is a great leader of China. ( 从句的主语 )
Ⅱ. 定语从句的简化 1. 在限制性定语从句中，当关系代词在从句中作动词宾语时， 关系代词可省略。
*The dam (that ) we saw in the film wasn’t the Three Gorges Dam. 我们在电影中看到的大坝不是三峡大坝。 2. 在限制性定语从句中，当关系代词在从句中作介词宾语而 介词在句尾时，关系代词可省略。 *I met a man (whom ) my grandfather worked with thirty years ago. 我遇到了30年前和我爷爷一起工作的那个人。
3. 定语从句简化为分词短语。 一般情况下，在定语从句中，如果谓语动词是主动语态， 从句转化为现在分词短语；如果谓语动词是被动语态，则从 句转化为过去分词短语。 *The girl who is reading English aloud is my younger sister. →The girl reading English aloud is my younger sister. 大声朗读英语的是我妹妹。 *I have heard the report which was made by Professor Li. →I have heard the report made by Professor Li. 我听了李教授所做的报告。
*The man who lives next to us sells vegetables. (who引导 限制性定语从句，在从句中作主语 )住在我们隔壁的那个人 卖菜。
*This is George, whose class you will be taking. (whose引 导非限制性定语从句，在从句中作定语 )这是乔治，你将接 手他的班级。
6. 定语从句简化为形容词短语。 如果定语从句中的表语是形容词短语，则该定语从句可 简化为形容词短语。 *The bottle which is full of milk is on the table. →The bottle full of milk is on the table. 装满牛奶的瓶子在桌子上。 7. 定语从句简化为介词短语。 如果定语从句中的表语是介词短语，该从句常可简化为 介词短语。 *The apples which are in the box are bad. →The apples in the box are bad. 箱子里的苹果是坏的。
*He forgot to bring his pen with him, as was often the case. (as在从句中作主语 )他忘了带笔，这是常事。
*He is absorbed in work, as he often was. (as在从句中作 表语 )他正在全神贯注地工作，他过去经常这样。
【名师点津】 as通常用于以下句式中： as we all know, as it is known, as is known to all, as it is, as is said above, as always mentioned above, as is usual, as is often the case, as is reported in the newspapers。
﹡Bob’s father, who worked on the project, spent four years in Egypt. (who引导的非限制性定语从句 ) 鲍勃的父亲从事这项工程，在埃及度过了四年。 ﹡He spoke of a penfriend, the name of whom/whose name I’ve never forgotten. (of whom/whose引导的非限制性定语从 句) 他提到一个笔友，那个笔友的名字我从来没有忘记。
4. 定语从句简化为不定式短语。 如果定语从句中的谓语是一般将来时或先行词前有序数 词或last，only等修饰语时，该从句往往简化为不定式结构。 *Mary is the only person that can save me from danger. →Mary is the only person to save me from danger. 玛丽是唯一一个从危难中解救我的人。
3. They have a son and two daughters, all of _w_h_o_m__ live in the city. ( 从句的主语 ) 4. _A_s_ you know, this is the day when the quake happened five years ago. ( 从句的宾语 ) 5. Qingdao is a beautiful city, _w_h__er_e_ I’ll pay a six-day visit.
the case in science.
A. as
B. that C. when D. where
解题关键：本题后半句应为非限制性定语从句。
思路分析：选A。考查定语从句。句意：没有一个简单的答
案，这在科学领域里是常有的事。as引导非限制性定语从句，
在从句中作主语，代替前面的情况，意为 “正如，正像” 。
【名师点津】以下定语从句不能简化： ①定语从句的谓语动词是现在完成式的主动语态。 *The man who has finished the work is Jack. 完成工作的那个人是杰克。 ②定语从句中的谓语动词含有情态动词。 *The professor who can speak French is from France. 会说法语的教授来自法国。
﹡A five-year-old boy can speak two foreign languages, which surprises all the people present. (which引导的非限制性 定语从句 ) 一个五岁男孩会讲两门外语，这令所有在场的人感到惊讶。 ﹡We will put off the outing until next week, when we won’t be so busy. (when引导的非限制性定语从句 ) 我们把郊游推迟到下个星期，那时我们就不会那么忙了。
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外研版高中必修三Module6精品课件 语法
stayed with them.
The novel, which I read last night, is very interesting.
注：that不能引导非限制性定语从句， 做宾语时不能省略。
（3）The reason, why he looks unhappy today, is unknown to us.
The reason, for which he looks unhappy today, is unknown to us.
注：why不能引导非限制性定语从句， 做宾语时不能省略。
（4）They have four children, the daughter of who is working in that big company now.
They have four children, the daughter of whom is workiห้องสมุดไป่ตู้g in that big company now.
She is poor in English，which makes her parents a little worried.
注：which 引导非限制性定语从句不 能位于句首。
• （2） The novel, that I read last night, is very interesting.
总结——
位置 意义
as
可位于主句 _之_前__，之__中__，_之__后_
_正__如__
which 不__能__位于主句_之__前_
这__，__那_
As 常见表达
• 众所周知，
• 这是常有的事, • 正如所报道的那样, • 正如所说的那样, • 正如所预料的那样,
外研版高中英语必修三Module6Grammar
Ⅱ. 定语从句的简化 1. 在限制性定语从句中，当关系代词在从句中作动词宾语时， 关系代词可省略。
*The dam (that ) we saw in the film wasn’t the Three Gorges Dam. 我们在电影中看到的大坝不是三峡大坝。 2. 在限制性定语从句中，当关系代词在从句中作介词宾语而 介词在句尾时，关系代词可省略。 *I met a man (whom ) my grandfather worked with thirty years ago. 我遇到了30年前和我爷爷一起工作的那个人。
区别
限制性定语从句
非限制性定语从句
先行词一般为单个 先行词
的名词或代词
先行词既可为单个的名词或 代词，也可为整个句子或其 中一部分
引导词
可用所有的关系代 词／副词引导，且 关系词作宾语时可 省略
在所有的关系词中不能用 that或why引导非限制性定 语从句，且其他引导词不能 省略
翻译 常译成前置定语 常译成并列的分句
﹡Bob’s father, who worked on the project, spent four years in Egypt. (who引导的非限制性定语从句 ) 鲍勃的父亲从事这项工程，在埃及度过了四年。 ﹡He spoke of a penfriend, the name of whom/whose name I’ve never forgotten. (of whom/whose引导的非限制性定语从 句) 他提到一个笔友，那个笔友的名字我从来没有忘记。
ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้
*The man who lives next to us sells vegetables. (who引导 限制性定语从句，在从句中作主语 )住在我们隔壁的那个人 卖菜。
外研英语必修3Module6grammar (共15张PPT)
1. 过去，陈旧的教学设施给师生 们带来许多不便。
In the past，teaching facilities were out of date, which made it not very convenient for students to study. 2. 现在每间教室都有了电脑，对学 生有很大的帮助。 Now， each classroom has computers，which is very helpful for students to study.
1. _T_h__e_t_a_l_le_s_t__b_u_i_ld_i_n_g____ that I have seen is the Empire Building in New York.
2. The Grand Canal, __w__h_ic_h___ is the world’s __o_ld_e_s_t__a_n_d_lt in the fifth century BC.
2.Great changes have taken place in that school, ____ was so poorly equipped. A. when B. which C. what D. that
3. Taiwan, ____ is known to all, is an inseparable part of China.
3. The Three Gorges Dam is a hydroelectric____p_r_o_j_e_c_t__ which has brought an end to the danger of flooding.
(3)引导词的省略
在限制性定语从句中：关系代词在从句 中作宾语可省略。 Eg: This is the book (which/that)he lost yesterday. 非限制性定语从句的引导词无论在从句 中作什么成分，均不可省略。
外研英语必修3Module6grammar (共21张PPT)
It is Aa.n…eiswalfseosctiavllaeldctrheeaDteodubinle1E9le9v0esn bDyayseveral college students. At first, itBw. …apsedoepsleiginnewdefsoterrtnhceoubnatcriheeslworilsl (g单o s身ho汉pp)in. gNcorawz,iliyt is a shopping festivaCl.. T…hisethdeoufobulnedEelreovfeAnlibDaabyaconcerns a famous Chinese business mcpreeaoanpt,il3neDE)g.w_. ……a_ilc_ltsah_hsneu_osr_spaft_ptodi_rsineif_fysgf_eow_fruei_elrsl_nsto_thifv_fowea_prlep,_abi4_nhs)_giut__dge_.ees_Asdli_lirilkse_icbe_oa_Tuba_nao_t(b_c折aa_m扣o_,_e)5_)u_p___.w_Oi_nt_ht_ht_ha_et_di_da_ey_a, _o_f___. It is very convenient but it will also cause overbuying.
How to choose the right relatives?
1. The QingmTihnginfgestival , which falls in April, is a traditional Chinese
festival.
2. The Qingming festival is relatepdertosoJine Zitui , who was killed in a
How to choose the right relatives?
1. The QingmTihnginfgestival , which falls in April, is a traditional Chinese
festival.
2. The Qingming festival is relatepdertosoJine Zitui , who was killed in a
外研英语必修3Module6Grammar 共26张
Grammar
I have an apple.
The apple is red.
I have an apple that/which is red. 修饰先行词 an apple
I like some friends .
Some friends like sports.
I like frineds who/that like sports. 修饰先行词 friends
限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别
类别
意义
功能 形式 关系代词
限定性
定语从
句
起限定作用。 若省略，原句
意义不完整。
修饰
先行 词
1.有that
无逗
号隔 开
2.作宾 语时可
以省略
非限定
性定语 起补充说明作 从句 用。若省略，
原句意义不受
影响。
修饰先 有逗
行词 / 号与
整个句 主句
子
隔开
无that
不可以
Warming up
? 用合适的关系词完成句子：
1.The boys__w_h_o____ are playing football
are from Class One.
2.The girls __w_h_om__/w__hothe teacher often
praises is our monitor.
关系
指代
在定语从句中所充当的成分
代词 人 物 句子 主语 宾语 表语 状语 定语
who
whom
which
that
whos e
as
the usage of the relative adverb
I have an apple.
The apple is red.
I have an apple that/which is red. 修饰先行词 an apple
I like some friends .
Some friends like sports.
I like frineds who/that like sports. 修饰先行词 friends
限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别
类别
意义
功能 形式 关系代词
限定性
定语从
句
起限定作用。 若省略，原句
意义不完整。
修饰
先行 词
1.有that
无逗
号隔 开
2.作宾 语时可
以省略
非限定
性定语 起补充说明作 从句 用。若省略，
原句意义不受
影响。
修饰先 有逗
行词 / 号与
整个句 主句
子
隔开
无that
不可以
Warming up
? 用合适的关系词完成句子：
1.The boys__w_h_o____ are playing football
are from Class One.
2.The girls __w_h_om__/w__hothe teacher often
praises is our monitor.
关系
指代
在定语从句中所充当的成分
代词 人 物 句子 主语 宾语 表语 状语 定语
who
whom
which
that
whos e
as
the usage of the relative adverb
外研英语必修3Module6Grammar(共31张PPT)
• 1.The dam provides a large amount of power. They built it on the river.
• 2 .The power station was very modern. We visited it.
• 3. The village is near the lake. My grandparents used to live in it.
• 6. I received an email from my cousin who lives near the Three Gorges ers: • 1 can’t remove “that” • 2 can’t remove “who” • 3 can remove “that” • 4 can’t remove “that” • 5 can remove “that” • 6 can’t remove “who”
Step 5:Make each pair of sentences into one sentence.
• Example: The mountain is the highest in the region. We climbed it.
• The mountain we climbed is the highest in the region.
Conclusion:
• 1. When the relative pronoun is used as the subject, it can’t be removed.
• 2 .When in defining attributive clauses, the relative pronoun is used as the object, it can be removed.
外研英语必修3Module6GrammarPPT课堂课件(38页)
定语从句中，关系代词的单复数取决于先行词的单复数。
Attributive clauses
Where when why prep+ which/whom
1. 关系副词 where
This is the factory. I worked in the factory ten years ago. This is the factory in which I worked ten years ago. This is the factory where I worked ten years ago.
2.This is the magazine which ___w_a_s___ (was/were) sent to me by post .
3.He is one of the students who __w_e_r_e___ (was/were) praised by the teacher yesterday. ４. She is the only one of the girls in our class who __h__a_s____(has/have) been to the United States.
There are many reasons for which people like traveling. There are many reasons why people like traveling.
The relative adverb (关系副词） when(=at / in/ on which) where (=in/ at which)
“介词+关系代词”中的介词主要通过以下三种方 法确定: 1.根据定语从句中的谓语动词或形容词来选用 介词. The West Lake, _f_o_r_which Hangzhou is famous, is a beautiful place. In the dark street, there wasn’t a single person __t_o_whom she could turn for help.
Attributive clauses
Where when why prep+ which/whom
1. 关系副词 where
This is the factory. I worked in the factory ten years ago. This is the factory in which I worked ten years ago. This is the factory where I worked ten years ago.
2.This is the magazine which ___w_a_s___ (was/were) sent to me by post .
3.He is one of the students who __w_e_r_e___ (was/were) praised by the teacher yesterday. ４. She is the only one of the girls in our class who __h__a_s____(has/have) been to the United States.
There are many reasons for which people like traveling. There are many reasons why people like traveling.
The relative adverb (关系副词） when(=at / in/ on which) where (=in/ at which)
“介词+关系代词”中的介词主要通过以下三种方 法确定: 1.根据定语从句中的谓语动词或形容词来选用 介词. The West Lake, _f_o_r_which Hangzhou is famous, is a beautiful place. In the dark street, there wasn’t a single person __t_o_whom she could turn for help.
外研英语必修3Module6Grammar (共20张PPT)
你猜今天下午谁会来？
②What__d__o__y_o_u__t_h_i_n_k______ do you guesshas happened to
her? 你认为她出什么事了？
③It is no way, ___I_t_h_in__k__,that we should finish the task in
such a short time. 我认为在这么短的时间内完成这项工作是不可能的。
④He lost the chance again._T__h_a_t__is__(_t_o_s_a_y_)_,he didn't find a
job. 他又失去了这次机会。也就是(说)，他没找到工作。
⑤Jack, __a_s_f_a_r_a_s__I_k_n__o_w____，isn't as honest as we expect.据
重点句式
1．__I_t_t_o_o_k_s_ix__y_e_a_rs__to__b_u_il_d__ (它花费了6年时 间建成)and cost US $20 billion. 2．___It__w_a_s__s_tr_a_n_g_e__to__t_h_in_k___ (真是不可思 议)that，when my grandparents lived in the village，there wasn't a reservoir there
2. To be able to use them freely and correctly 3. To make full use of the Internet and devote
themselvs to learning
Self -learning
要求： 自己纠错，红笔改正 对子互助，热心帮扶 组长督促，分层抢答
②What__d__o__y_o_u__t_h_i_n_k______ do you guesshas happened to
her? 你认为她出什么事了？
③It is no way, ___I_t_h_in__k__,that we should finish the task in
such a short time. 我认为在这么短的时间内完成这项工作是不可能的。
④He lost the chance again._T__h_a_t__is__(_t_o_s_a_y_)_,he didn't find a
job. 他又失去了这次机会。也就是(说)，他没找到工作。
⑤Jack, __a_s_f_a_r_a_s__I_k_n__o_w____，isn't as honest as we expect.据
重点句式
1．__I_t_t_o_o_k_s_ix__y_e_a_rs__to__b_u_il_d__ (它花费了6年时 间建成)and cost US $20 billion. 2．___It__w_a_s__s_tr_a_n_g_e__to__t_h_in_k___ (真是不可思 议)that，when my grandparents lived in the village，there wasn't a reservoir there
2. To be able to use them freely and correctly 3. To make full use of the Internet and devote
themselvs to learning
Self -learning
要求： 自己纠错，红笔改正 对子互助，热心帮扶 组长督促，分层抢答
外研高中英语必修三 Module6 Grammar课件
定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制
性定语从句两种： 限制性定语从句紧跟先行词, 与先行词之 间一般不加_____; 逗号 非限制性定语从句与主句之间通常用 ______ 逗号 分开, 是先行词的附加说明，去掉 了也不会影响主句的意思。
引导非限制性定语从句的关系代词有as, which, who, whom, whose等，作定语从 主语、宾语、定语。关系副词有 句的________________ 状语 。 when, where等，作定语从句的_____ 关系代词和关系副词在定语从句中一般 不能省。
1. His father, who works in Beijing, came back yesterday. 他在北京工作的父亲昨天回来了。 2. Shanghai, which is in East China, is developing quickly. 中国东部的上海正迅速发展着。
Conclusion 1 当先行词是地名、人名、世界上独 一无二的事物或家庭唯一成员时， 通常只用非限制性定语从句修饰。
5) You lent me some money, which I never repaid you. 6) One of the boys kept laughing, which really annoyed Jane. 7) In 1963 we moved to Boston, where my grandparents lived. 8) The Queen’s last visit was in May, when she opened the new hospital.
Non-defining attributive clauses 非限制性定语从句
Read the following sentences and think about the questions: 1. Which of the attribute clauses contain information about the subject and which contain extra information? 2. If you take away the attribute clauses, do the sentences still make sense? Why or why not?
外研英语必修3Module6 grammar 课件(23页ppt)
综合考查一：定语从句与强调句
where\that
定语从句
1.It is the library_w_h_e_re_I borrowed the book.
2.It is from this library_t_h_a_t I borrowed the book. 3. ---Where did you last see Mr. Smith?ar 课件(23页ppt)
外研英语必修3Module6 grammar 课件(23页ppt)
考点3：介词+关系词
1. Do you know the boy _to_ w__h_o_myour mother is talking?
2. He gave me some novels __w_i_t_h _w_h_i_c_h_ I am not very familiar.
外研英语必修3Module6 grammar 课件(23页ppt)
高考题链接： 外研英语必修3Module6 grammar 课件(23页ppt)
1.We are trying to reach a point ____ both sides
will sit down together and talk. （06山东）
外研英语必修3Module6 grammar 课件(23页ppt) 外研英语必修3Module6 grammar 课件(23页ppt)
外研英语必修3Module6 grammar 课件(23页ppt)
对比训练
1. We should go to the place___B__ we are most needed.
外研英语必修3Module6 grammar 课件(23页ppt)