2019届河南省南阳、信阳等六市高三第一次联考英语试卷【含答案及解析】

2019届河南省南阳、信阳等六市高三第一次联考英语试卷【含答案及解析】姓名___________ 班级____________ 分数__________一、阅读理解1. British Women Writers in different periods of timeThe English RenaissanceThe English Renaissance began in the later part of the fifteenth century and lasted until the 1660s. Among the most famous women writers of this period is Aphra Behn, who is seen as the first professional woman writer in English. She wrote a number of plays that dealt with topics such as racism and slavery. A good example is Oroonoko published in 1688. Aphra Behn's works include also the plays The Amourous Prince , The Town Fop , The Dutch Lover and heronly tragedy, Abdelazer .The neoclassical periodAmong the well-known women in British literature during the neoclassical period, from 1660 to the end of the eighteenth century, is Anne Finch. She wrote poetry and tried to express all that she saw and experienced. Two other women are recognized for their contribution to neoclassical British literature: Mary Astell and Lady Mary Wortley Montagu. Mary Astell was a philosopher and a feminist writer. She is best known now for her theories on the education of women.The Romantic periodJane Austen is one of the most famous women writers that worked during the Romantic period (1798-1832). Her works include several novels, most of which focus on marriage as a way for young women to secure social standing and economic security. Her most famous novels are Pride and Prejudice , Senseand Sensibility and Emma . Another famous woman writer from the English Romanticism is Mary Shelley. She is the author of Frankenstein, History ofSix Weeks Tour and The Last Man .The Victorian periodThe Victorian period, between the 1830s and 1900, was the time when theBronte sisters, George Eliot and Elizabeth Gaskell lived and wrote. Charlotte Bronte, Emily Bronte and Anne Bronte produced many British literary classics. Charlotte's novels include Jane Eyre, Shirley, Villette and The Professor . Mary Anne Evans adopted the male pen name George as she wanted to set herself apart from the feminine genre of cookbooks and domestic moral tales. Her most famous novel is The Mill on the Floss published in 1860.1. Ac cording to the passage, Aphra Behn’s plays mainly concern ________ .A. racism and slaveryB. economic securityC. education of womenD. cooking and gardening2. Which period does Jane Austen belong to?A. the English Renaissance.B. the Neoclassical Period.C. the Romantic period .D. the Victorian period.3. Why did Mary Anne Evans publish her stories under the name of George Eliot?A. Women were forbidden to write novels then.B. It helped promote her works.C. It sounded more popular.D. Her works would be different.4. If a reader is interested in women’s education, whose works can be thebest choice?A. Anne Finch’s.B. Mary Astell’s.C. Mary Wortley Montagu’s.D. Mary Shelley’s.2. Visitors to the grounds of New College at England’s Oxford University pass under an iron gate with the advice: Manners make the man. Even after an appropriate update to: Manners make the person, it’s thought-provoking( 引人深思的 )—especially to today’s Americans.When we think about what makes the person—it’s more likely the degree, the job, the salary. Since when do we count manners as a measure of success?We do know that these would make life nicer, if more tolerable. Nevertheless, we forget or overlook our manners. So it seems, does everyone else—including, unluckily, our children.As a university president, one of my great joys is to visit our campuses and see our students though we’re separated by different generations, interests, and, of course dressing, each student tells me something within the first few minutes that we meet: whether he or she has been taught manners. I sense thisin different ways: through her words or her gestures, in the way she listensor how he refers to friends and faculty, how she greets and says goodbye, how he responds when an elderly person enters the room.In the absence of manners, however, I make some allowances. For instance, the many ethnic( 种族的 )groups that students represent often have different explanations of what makes up good manners. In other cases, some students may reject what they’ve learned to break from their parents and be accepted by other students. Whether students are being different or openly opposing, a recent experience I had with them tells me that there’s some h ope forreviving and good manners.Good manners don’t just guarantee acceptance. Good manners open doors to deeper connections and more meaningful roles in our society. Good manners are gentle signals that show we care about one another and allow us to relate to another person in a thoughtful way but at a respectable distance.1. Which of the following is seldom a mark of success to people today?A. Handsome income.B. Polite behavior.C. An academic degree.D. High ranks in the office2. The main idea of paragraph 4 is more likely that ________ .A. manners can be taught in different waysB. how the president of New College cares about his studentsC. generation gap does exist between students and faculty membersD. what students say and do can indicate if they have mannered behavior3. From the last paragraph we can learn that the biggest benefit by good manners would be that ________ .A. g ood manners guarantee acceptance of othersB. g ood manners inspire students to study harderC. g ood manners help deeper connections with othersD. g ood manners guarantee students to get whatever they want3. The Leaning Tower of Pisa was not leaning when it was built in 1173 and it was straight like a pole. It started to shift direction soon after construction because of poor foundation in addition to the loose layer of subsoil(底土). At the beginning, it leaned to the southeast before the shaky foundation started to shift leaning towards the southwest. After the period of structural strengthening in the beginning of 21st century, now the Leaning Tower of Pisa leans at an angle of 3.97 degrees.In 1178, the shift in direction was observed for the first time when the construction had progressed further to the third floor. The tower was very heavy for the three-meter foundation that was built on a weak area of land.For compensating(补偿) the leaning position, the builders started to construct the upper floors with one side higher than the other one. This caused the tower to lean in the other direction. This unusual structure led tothe tower being actually curved. In spite of these efforts, the tower kept on leaning.The government of Italy started to plan a prevention of the complete collapse of the tower in 1964. However, a request was put forward by the authorities to keep the leaning position because of the tourism industry of the region.After nearly two decades of careful planning by engineers, historians and mathematicians, the stabilization efforts for the Leaning Tower of Pisa started in 1990. The tower was closed for the general public and the people living nearby moved away. For reducing the total weight of the tower, its seven bells which represented the seven musical notes were removed. The tower was reopened for the general public on December 15, 2001.In May 2008, after removing another 70 metric tons of earth, the engineers announced that the tower had been finally stabilized and it would remain stable for at least 200 years.1. Why did the Leaning Tower of Pisa began to lean?A. I t was too high like a pole .B. I ts foundation was far from strong .C. T he work of repair was delayed .D. I ts foundation shook badly .2. When did people notice the Leaning Tower of Pisa shift its direction ?A. A s soon as it was constructed .B. A t the end of the construction .C. S oon after the construction .D. I n the course of the construction .3. Why did the authorities prefer to keep the leaning position of the Leaning Tower of Pisa?A. They wanted to attract more tourists.B. They lacked funds then.C. It was a mission impossible to make the Tower up-straight.D. They were short of engineers, historians and mathematicians.4. Which of the following is the right order according to this passage?a. People noticed the tower began to shift its direction.b. The repair work was carried out last time.c. The Leaning Tower of Pisa was repaired for the first time.d. The Leaning Tower of Pisa was built.e. The tower was opened to the visitors again.f. The government started to make a plan for the tower.A. c, d, a, f, b, eB. f, e, a, d, c, bC. d, e, b, f, c, aD. d, a, f, c, e, b4. Artificial intelligence can ide ntify skin cancer in photographs with the same accuracy as trained doctors, say scientists. The Stanford University team said the findings were "incredibly exciting" and would now be tested inclinics. Eventually, they believe using AI could revolutionize healthcare by turning anyone’s smart-phone into a cancer scanner.The AI was repurposed from software developed by Google that had learned to spot the difference between images of cats and dogs. It was shown 129,450 photographs and told what type of skin condition it was looking at in each one. It then learned to spot the hallmarks of the most common type of skin cancer: carcinoma, and the most deadly: melanoma( 黑色素瘤 ). Only one in 20 skin cancers are melanoma, yet the tumor (肿瘤) accounts for three-quarters ofskin cancer deaths.The experiment, detailed in the journal Nature , then tested the AI against 21 trained skin cancer doctors. One of the researchers, Dr Andre Esteva, told the BBC News website: "We find excitedly, in general, that we are on par with excellent skin cancer doctors."However, the computer software cannot make a full diagnosis, as this is normally confirmed with a tissue biopsy (活检) . Dr Esteva said the system now needed to be tested alongside doctors in the clinic. "The application of AI to healthcare is, we believe, an incredibly exciting area of research that can be leveraged to achieve a great deal of societal good," he said. "One particular route that we find exciting is the use of this algorithm on a mobile device,but to achieve this we would have to build an app and test its accuracydirectly from a mobile device." Incredible advances in machine-learning have already led to AI beating one of humanity's best Go players.And a team of doctors in London have trained AI to predict when the heartwill fail.1. From the passage we can infer that ________ .A. Artificial Intelligence must replace human one dayB. w e can use Artificial Intelligence to cure skin cancersC. w e can use smart-phone to scan our skin at presentD. t he research will be of great help to us and our health care2. Which one will he agree with according to Dr Esteva?A. Artificial Intelligence has beaten all of humanity’s best Go players.B. Artificial Intelligence could support assessments by GPs.C. We still need professional doctors with the help of the system.D. There are too many disadvantages for Artificial Intelligence.3. The underlined words “on par with” in Para 4 likely mean ________ .A. inferior toB. equaled byC. superior toD. opposite to4. What’s probably the best title of th is passage?A. Cancer Doctors Are OutB. An APP Scanning Skin CancersC. Artificial Intelligence—change our futureD. Artificial Intelligence—as good as cancer doctors二、七选五5. Speaking to Develop Self-confidenceOvercoming stage frightMost people are nervous about public speaking. 1. If you know that yourtopic is interesting, and that your material is well organized, you have already reduced a major worry.Facial expressions2. During your speech , try to change your facial expressions to convey the emotions that you feel. Throughout your speech you need to use expressive facial expressions.Eye contactWhen you speak, you should look your audience straight in the eye. The ideais to give the impression that you are talking to each individual in your audience. If you have a large audience, try to look at people in the middle of the room, then slowly look to the right side of the room, then to the left side, then back to the center of the room. 3. Otherwise, this will give the audience the idea that you are not interested in your topic or in them.4.Enthusiasm is being lively and showing your own personal concern for your subject and your audience. If you are truly interested in your topic, your delivery is certain to be enthusiastic and lively.Varying speaking rateYour words should not be too fast or too slow. If you speak too slowly you will bore your audience. If you speak too rapidly will be difficult to understand. Adapt your rate to the content of your speech. For example, if you explaining complex information, slow down. 5.A. Inspiring your audienceB. Speaking with enthusiasmC. If you are happy or enthusiastic, you should speed up.D. Don’t look at the floor, the ceiling or out the window.E. The best way to cope with nervousness is to really well prepared.F. Smiling before you start your speech shows that you are not nervous.G. If you are nervous, take a few steps to your right or left while speaking.三、完形填空6. I learned my first lesson at a meeting. As we sat around the table I heard Meg, who was _______ a recent operation, talking to Judith, the manager ofour project. “Thank you so much for _______ my daughters to their dance lessons last week.” Judith said, “It was nothing.”Knowing how _______ Judit h’s schedule was, I found her driving Meg’s children to lessons unbelievably _______ . I was about to say more about this when Donna, another colleague, entered the room _______ . She apologized for being late, saying she just hosted a lunch for her friends who were over seventy. “That is so nice of you,” I said, _______ how busy she was, howshe didn’t like to cook and clean. “Oh,” she said, waving her hand, “Itwas nothing.” _______ , I could still tell the _______ in her voice. Shedid gain a sense of satisfaction from the entertainment offered to her friends. Seeing their _______ to help others selflessly, I started thinking about the concept of “nothing”, this peaceful and generous way of living—had itreally been nothing or were they simply saying that? It ________ to me that once I spent a whole afternoon after work helping a friend ________ a speech.I ________ her to rearrange the sequence of the stories in the lecture to make it sound more ________ . After the fifth try, she finally ________ it. She hugged me with ________ , saying thanks to me. I smiled and said it was nothing.Suddenly, I realized that helping someone was really something to me. I learned that giving from the heart doesn’t ________ mean sacrifice and hard work. The ________ is finding something we love to do and finding someone who ________ that something. Our generosity can benefit others ________ ourselves. Once you have a good ________ of it, it’s nothing. And it’s really something.1. A. adapting to B. recovering from C. going through D. rejoicing in2. A. guiding B. fetching C. driving D. dragging3. A. tight B. common C. strange D. practical4. A. ridiculous B. energetic C. tiresome D. generous5. A. disappointedly B. angrily C. hurriedly D. unexpectedly6. A. ignoring B. forgetting C. knowing D. predicting7. A. Moreover B. Therefore C. Otherwise D. Somehow8. A. regret B. sadness C. surprise D. pleasure9. A. willingness B. ambition C. promise D. progress10. A. referred B. occurred C. appeared D. seemed11. A. put up B. prepare for C. give away D. deal with12. A. begged B. invited C. recommended D. sponsored13. A. sensible B. confusing C. sensitive D. typical14. A. got B. meant C. caught D. made15. A. gratitude B. worry C. concern D. apology16. A. normally B. accidentally C. possibly D. necessarily17. A. treat B. trick C. plot D. plan18. A. needs B. admires C. loves D. defends19. A. on account of B. as well as C. except for D. regardless of20. A. order B. glimpse C. command D. impression四、短文填空7. A 14-year-old Chinese boy overcame two of humankind’s most dreaded fears—getting stuck in an elevator and getting homework 1. (do) in a single night, owing to his calm-witted character.Sun Y ixi ao was on his way up on Tuesday evening after school 2. the lift suddenly came to a stop. A moment of panic followed before the 3. (teenage) could find a way out.Sun said he tried to open the elevator door, 4. (press) all the buttons in the hope to get the elevator to work again, but it didn’t work.Without a cell phone at hand, Sun tried yelling to get attention of people outside, but no one responded as time passed by. He slipped a note through the door 5. the messag e “people stuck inside, please ask the property management for help,” and hoped someone 6. (pick) it up and act on it.After exhausting all his options without knowing how long 7. would take before someone found him, he took out his textbooks and started to do his homework 8. (patient).Soon after he finished his duties, Sun heard loud 9. (voice) outside. A large crowd including his teachers and other parents had come to the rescue,by which time he 10. (trap) in the elevator for over five hours.五、短文改错8. 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。