AWS关于焊接检验员的安全要求
焊接质量检验员的基本要求

焊接质量检验员的基本要求简介焊接是制造行业中常见的金属连接技术。
为了确保焊接过程和焊接接头的质量,需要有专门的质量检验员进行检验工作。
焊接质量检验员的工作任务包括对焊接接头的表面质量、尺寸和焊缝形状进行检验,并根据相关标准和规范进行评定和记录。
本文将介绍焊接质量检验员的基本要求。
技术知识和能力要求1. 焊接工艺知识焊接质量检验员需要掌握焊接工艺的基本知识,包括不同焊接方法的原理、特点和适用范围,不同焊接材料的特性,以及不同焊接接头的设计和准备工作等。
2. 材料和焊接缺陷知识焊接质量检验员需要了解焊接材料的种类、性能和常见问题,以及焊接过程中可能出现的缺陷和不合格问题,如焊缝裂纹、气孔、夹渣等。
3. 检验方法和标准焊接质量检验员需要熟悉焊接接头的检验方法和工具,如放大镜、毛刷、划痕剂等,以及相关的检验标准和规范,如国际标准化组织(ISO)的相关标准和美国焊接协会(AWS)的规范。
4. 数据分析和报告撰写能力焊接质量检验员需要具备对检验结果进行数据分析的能力,能够根据检验数据评定焊接接头的合格性,并能够撰写详细、准确的检验报告。
5. 问题解决能力焊接质量检验员需要具备快速判断和解决焊接质量问题的能力,能够根据检验结果提出正确的改进措施,并能够与生产人员和工程师进行有效的沟通和协调。
培训和认证要求1. 焊接技术培训焊接质量检验员需要经过专门的焊接技术培训,学习焊接工艺和检验方法等基本知识,并进行实际操作和实践。
2. 质量检验培训焊接质量检验员还需要接受质量检验方面的培训,学习质量管理体系和检验流程等技能,了解焊接质量管理的基本要求。
3. 相关认证焊接质量检验员可以通过相关认证考试,如国际焊接工程师(International Welding Engineer,IWE)和焊接检验人员(Welding Inspection Personnel)等认证,获得相关资格证书。
职业素养要求除了技术知识和能力外,焊接质量检验员还应具备以下职业素养:1. 责任心和敬业精神焊接质量检验员需要对自己的工作负责,并能够保持敬业精神,保证检验工作的准确性和及时性。
AWS QC1-2007 简体中文标题焊接检验师资质认可

Standard forAWS Certification of Welding Inspectorssecond printing,September2007550 N.W. LeJeune Road, Miami, FL 33126AWS QC1:2007 Standard forAWS Certification ofWelding InspectorsSupersedes AWS QC1:2006Prepared by theAmerican Welding Society (AWS) Subcommittee on Certified Welding InspectorsUnder the Direction of theAWS Certification CommitteeApproved by theAWS Board of DirectorsAbstractThis standard defines the requirements and program for the American Welding Society to certify welding inspectors. The certification of visual welding inspectors requires documentation of experience, satisfactory completion of an examination, and proof of visual acuity. The examination tests the inspector’s knowledge of welding processes, welding procedures, destructive tests, terms, definitions, symbols, reports, safety, and responsibilities.标准分享网 免费下载AWS QC1:2007ii International Standard Book Number: 0-87171-037-4American Welding Society 550 N.W. LeJeune Road, Miami, FL 33126© 2007 by American Welding SocietyAll rights reservedPrinted in the United States of America2nd Printing, September 2007Photocopy Rights. No portion of this standard may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form, including mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the copyright owner.Authorization to photocopy items for internal, personal, or educational classroom use only or the internal, personal, or educational classroom use only of specific clients is granted by the American Welding Society provided that the appropriate fee is paid to the Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, tel: (978) 750-8400; Internet: <>.iii AWS QC1:2007Statement on the Use of American Welding Society StandardsAll standards (codes, specifications, recommended practices, methods, classifications, and guides) of the American Welding Society (AWS) are voluntary consensus standards that are developed through a consensus standards develop-ment process that brings together volunteers representing varied viewpoints and interests to achieve consensus. While the American Welding Society administers the process and establishes rules to promote fairness in the development of consensus, it does not independently test, evaluate, or verify the accuracy of any information or the soundness of any judgments contained in its standards. Further, given the rapid changes in the field, AWS cannot warrant that the certifi-cation standard will at all times reflect the most current knowledge.Certification is achieved by satisfying a combination of defined education, experience, and/or examination require-ments. Certification is not an assurance of future competence or ability.An endorsement to a certification adds to a certification by indicating demonstration of ability in a particular skill area that may not be sufficiently broad or unique to support a separate and distinct certification designation. An endorsement is not an indication of approval by AWS or an assurance of future performance.AWS disclaims liability for any injury to persons or to property, or other damages of any nature whatsoever, including special, indirect, consequential or compensatory damages, directly or indirectly resulting from the negligent conduct or other acts or omissions of any individual certified by AWS.In issuing and making this standard available, AWS is neither undertaking to render professional or other services for or on behalf of any person or entity, nor is AWS undertaking to perform duty owed by any person or entity to someone else. Employers and other persons utilizing the services individuals certified by AWS are responsible for determining the qualifications, competence, and ability of those individuals.This standard may be superseded by the issuance of new editions. Users should ensure that they have the latest edition.Publication of this standard does not authorize infringement of any patent or trade name. Users of this standard accept any and all liabilities for infringement of any patent or trade name items. AWS disclaims liability for the infringement of any patent or product trade name resulting from the use of this standard.Finally, the American Welding Society does not monitor or enforce compliance with this standard, nor does it have the power to do so.On occasion, text, tables, or figures are printed incorrectly, constituting errata. Such errata, when discovered are posted on the AWS web page ().Official interpretations of any of the technical requirements of this standard may only be obtained by sending a request, in writing, to the Managing Director, Certification Department, American Welding Society, 550 N.W. LeJeune Road, Miami, FL 33126. With regard to certification inquiries made concerning AWS standards, oral opinions on AWS stan-dards may be rendered. However, such opinions represent only the personal opinions of the particular individuals giving them. These individuals do not speak on behalf of AWS, nor do these oral opinions constitute official or unofficial opin-ions or interpretations of AWS. In addition, oral opinions are informal and should not be used as a substitute for an offi-cial interpretation.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the AWS Certification Committee. Comments (recommendations, ad-ditions, or deletions) and any pertinent data that may be of use in improving this standard are required and should be ad-dressed to AWS Headquarters. Such comments will receive careful consideration by the AWS Certification Committee and the author of the comments will be informed of the Committee's response to the comments. Guests are invited to at-tend all meetings of the AWS Certification Committee to express their comments verbally. Procedures for appeal of an adverse decision concerning all such comments are provided in the Rules of Operation of the Certification Committee. A copy of these Rules can be obtained from the American Welding Society, 550 N.W. LeJeune Road, Miami, FL 33126.标准分享网 免费下载AWS QC1:2007This page is intentionally blank.ivv AWS QC1:2007PersonnelAWS Certification CommitteeR. K. Wiswesser, Chair Welder Training & Testing InstituteS. L. Raymond, 1st Vice Chair International Training InstituteG. G. Hlifka, 2nd Vice Chair The Lincoln Electric CompanyN. A. Chapman, 3rd Vice Chair EntergyP. Howe, Secretary American Welding SocietyR. L. Arn WeldTech InternationalE. R. Bohnart Welding Education & ConsultingK. W. Coryell ConsultantB. Craft Trinity Industries, IncorporatedM. L. Deckard Parsons Brinckerhoff Transit and Rail Systems,IncorporatedE. K. Eden United Association, Local 430G. J. Frederick Electric Power Research InstituteJ. E. Greer Moraine Valley Community CollegeJ. D. Hollison Performance Mechanical, IncorporatedJ. H. Hope ConsultantJ. P. Kane Pennoni AssociatesP. F. Martin United AssociationA. J. Moore Marion Testing & InspectionR. N. Munroe Ironworkers Local 15T. Peshia Garbe Iron Works, IncorporatedAWS Subcommittee on Certified Welding Inspectors (CWI)J. E. Greer, Chair Moraine Valley Community College R. K. Wiswesser, Vice Chair Welder Training & Testing InstituteP. Howe, Secretary American Welding SocietyM. L. Deckard Parsons Brinckerhoff Transit and Rail Systems,IncorporatedP. R. Evans PCI Energy ServicesG. G. Hlifka The Lincoln Electric CompanyJ. P. Kane Pennoni AssociatesR. M. Nielsen ConsultantS. L. Raymond International Training Institute标准分享网 免费下载AWS QC1:2007This page is intentionally blank.vivii AWS QC1:2007ForewordThis foreword is not part of AWS QC1:2007, Standard for AWS Certification ofWelding Inspectors, but is included for informational purposes only.The purpose of welding inspection is to determine if a weldment meets the acceptance criteria of a specific code, standard, or other document. The welding inspector must be thoroughly familiar with welding processes, welding procedures, welder qualifications, materials, the limitation of weld testing, be able to read drawings, prepare and keep records, prepare and make reports, and make responsible judgments. For welding inspectors to be effective, the activities performed should be consistent with the requirements, and technical and ethical principles.AWS QC1, Standard for Certification of AWS Welding Inspectors, was first published in 1975. Subsequent editions were published in 1988, 1996, and 2006. This document, QC1:2007, Standard for Certification of AWS Welding Inspec-tors, replaces the 2006 edition. The first examinations for the certification of Welding Inspector were conducted in the spring and fall of 1976. Over 55,000 individuals have met the requirements of AWS QC1, worldwide, since the start of the program.This edition contains revisions approved by the AWS Certification Committee on January 15, 2007. All amended or added text is identified by underlines. The following is a summary of the amendments:•Statement on Use—a disclaimer paragraph was added to explain the use of endorsements.•Definition of endorsement—the definition was revised to clarify the term.• 6.2.2—the table in 6.2.2 was revised to include the requirements for endorsements.• 6.2.5—amended to clarify the requirements for re-examinations.•16.3.1—amended to clarify that endorsements may be used for recertification.•16.7—amended to clarify the various options for recertification and the various scenarios that could result if one of the examination options is chosen.Comments and suggestions for the improvement of this standard are welcome. They should be sent to the Secretary, AWS Certification Committee, American Welding Society, 550 N.W. LeJeune Road, Miami, FL 33126.标准分享网 免费下载AWS QC1:2007This page is intentionally blank.viiiix AWS QC1:2007Table of ContentsPage No. Personnel (v)Foreword (vii)1.Scope (1)2.Levels of Certification and Endorsements (1)3.Definitions (1)4.Functions of Certified Personnel (2)cation and Experience Requirements (2)6.Examination Requirements for SCWI and CWI (3)7.Achieving Certified Associate Welding Inspector (CAWI) Certification (4)8.Visual Acuity Requirements (4)9.Reciprocity (4)10.Certification (4)11.Code of Ethics, Rules of Conduct, and Practice (5)12.Revocation (6)13.Reinstatement (6)14.Upgrading of Certification (6)15.Renewals (6)16.9-Year Recertification for SCWI and CWI (7)List of AWS Documents (11)标准分享网 免费下载This page is intentionally blank.1.Scope1.1 This standard establishes the requirements for AWS certification of welding inspection personnel. It describes how personnel are certified, and the principles of conduct and practice by which certification may be maintained. Any oral or written claim of certification under the guidelines established herein shall be made only by those individual SCWIs, CWIs, and CAWIs who are, at the time of the claim, current and in compliance with all sections of this standard.This standard meets or exceeds the requirements of AWS B5.1:2003, Specification for the Qualification of Weld-ing Inspectors. This standard supersedes AWS QC1:2006.1.2 The three levels of certification are Senior Certified Welding Inspector (SCWI), Certified Welding Inspector (CWI), and Certified Associate Welding Inspector (CAWI).1.3 In the certification process, AWS conducts an exami-nation to determine a person’s general knowledge of welding inspection and related technical areas. No deter-mination is made of an individual’s capabilities in apply-ing that knowledge within a specific work environment or under actual working conditions.1.4 It shall be the responsibility of the employer to deter-mine that the SCWI/CWI/CAWI is capable of perform-ing the duties involved in his/her particular welding inspection assignment.1.5 This standard is intended to supplement the require-ments of an employer, code, or other documents and shall not be construed as a preemption of the employer’s responsibility for the work or for the performance of the work.1.6 Safety Precautions. This standard is not intended to address safety and health matters regarding certified welding inspectors. Safety and health requirements are provided in ANSI Z49.1, Safety in Welding, Cutting, and Allied Processes, other safety and health standards, and federal, state, and local government regulations. This standard only covers the rules of certification.1.7 Verb Usage. As used in this standard, the word shall denotes a requirement; the word should denotes a guide-line, and the word may denotes an obligation to make a choice.2.Levels of Certification andEndorsementsThere are three levels of AWS certification of welding inspection personnel and specified endorsements. These levels are defined as follows:2.1 Senior Certified Welding Inspector (SCWI). A person certified by AWS as meeting the qualification requirements of 5.3, 6.1, and 6.2 of AWS B5.1, Specifi-cation for the Qualification of Welding Inspectors, and 5.2 of this standard.2.2 Certified Welding Inspector (CWI). A person cer-tified by AWS as meeting the qualification requirements of 5.2, 6.1, and 6.2 of AWS B5.1, Specification for the Qualification of Welding Inspectors.2.3 Certified Associate Welding Inspector (CAWI). A person certified by AWS as meeting the qualification requirements of 5.1, 6.1, and 6.2 of AWS B5.1, Specifi-cation for the Qualification of Welding Inspectors.2.4 Endorsements. Endorsements may be added to the SCWI and CWI certifications as outlined in specific endorsement publications.3.DefinitionsThe welding terms used in this standard are defined in AWS A3.0, Standard Welding Terms and Definitions. Other terms used in this standard are defined as follows:Standard for AWS Certification of Welding Inspectors1applicant. A person who applies to the AWS for certification.AWS. The American Welding Society, 550 N.W.LeJeune Road, Miami, Florida 33126.AWS National Registry. The AWS database in which all individuals certified through AWS or an AWS accredited testing facilities are nationally recognized and acknowledged.certificate. The document issued to the applicant on successful completion of the requirements for certification.certified. Having met the AWS certification requirements.certification. The act of determining, verifying and attesting in writing to the qualification of personnel in conformance to specified requirements.Certification Department. The department that admin-isters the certification activities of the American Welding Society.CEU. Continuing Education Unit.code. A standard consisting of a set of conditions and requirements relating to a particular subject and indi-cating appropriate procedures by which it can be determined that the requirements have been met. A standard suitable for adoption in whole or in part by a governmental authority as a part of a law or regulation or as specified by other mandatory documents. Committee. The Certification Committee of the Ameri-can Welding Society.endorsement. Indication of an additional skill docu-mented in writing and added to one’s certification credential(s).nondestructive examination. The act of determining the suitability of some material or component for its intended purpose using techniques that do not affect its serviceability.notarization. To authenticate or attest that specific information is valid.qualification. Demonstrated training, skill, knowledge and experience required for personnel to perform the duties of a specific job.qualified. Having complied with specific requirements.PDH. Professional Development Hour. A unit of approved professional or education activity involving class participation or performing as an instructor.PDHs are used to determine continuing education eli-gibility for recertification under this program.specification. A specification describes the essential technical requirements for material, fabrication, prod-uct, system, or service. It indicates the means to deter-mine that all requirements have been met. A standard suitable for adoption in procurement documents. standard. A generic term incorporating codes, specifica-tions, recommended practices, classifications, meth-ods, and guides that have been prepared by a sponsoring committee, and approved in accordance with established procedures.4.Functions of Certified Personnel 4.1 The SCWI shall be able to perform inspections, supervise one or more CWIs, CAWIs, and/or NDE per-sonnel, prepare inspection procedures, review and inter-pret joining procedures, conduct audits of vendors and/or organizations providing materials or services to the project, and ensure that the work performed and the records maintained conform to the requirements of the applicable standards and other contract documents and perform all SWI duties listed in AWS B5.1, Specification for the Qualification of Welding Inspectors.4.2 The SCWI and CWI shall be able to perform inspec-tions or to verify that the work inspected and records maintained, conform to the requirements of the applica-ble standards and perform all WI duties listed in AWS B5.1, Specification for the Qualification of Welding Inspectors.4.3 The SCWI and CWI shall be able to certify the quali-fication of welders to various codes and specifications. The requirements of the AWS QC7 Certified Welder program and the National Registry of AWS Certified Welders are outside the scope of this standard.4.4 The CAWI shall be able to perform inspections, under the direct supervision of a SCWI or CWI within visible and audible range, and as defined for the AWI as in AWS B5.1, Specification for the Qualification of Welding Inspectors. It is the SCWI or CWI, however, who has responsibility for certifying that welded assem-blies conform to workmanship and acceptance criteria.cation and ExperienceRequirements5.1 Applicants seeking AWS SCWI, CWI, or CAWI cer-tification shall meet the applicable education and experi-ence requirements as stated in 5.5 of AWS B5.1, Specification for the Qualification of Welding Inspectors for the desired level of certification.5.1.1 In addition to the activities listed in 5.5 of AWS B5.1, Specification for the Qualification of Welding Inspectors, duration of membership on a technical, certi-fication, qualification, or education committee active in the technical activities listed in AWS B5.1, Specification for the Qualification of Welding Inspectors shall count towards the time requirements for experience.5.2 In addition to the requirements of AWS B5.1, Speci-fication for the Qualification of Welding Inspectors, applicants for SCWI shall have been certified as a CWI for a minimum of six (6) years.5.3 All applicants shall submit with the application, writ-ten verification of documented employment. This verifi-cation or affidavit should be completed and signed by the applicant’s most recent employment supervisor or the appropriate personnel department staff, if available, attesting to the applicant’s employment activities of which he/she has personal knowledge or documentation. If acquiring this information is not possible, then the applicant will submit a detailed affidavit attesting to pre-vious work experiences.5.4 Experience claimed by applicants for all levels of certification and/or recertification, shall be documented by one or more of the following:5.4.1 Completion of the employment verification sec-tion of the application for certification.5.4.2 A letter of employment on company letterhead from present and former employers indicating appli-cant’s name, social security number (optional) job title(s), start date, company name, company address and telephone number, immediate supervisor’s name, and the name and title of the person completing the letter.5.4.3 A letter on organizational letterhead from the applicant’s associated or affiliated organizational repre-sentative containing information relevant to the organi-zation in which they were employed, accompanied by official copies of work assignment sheets, books, or records.5.4.4 Two (2) letters of reference on company letter-head from separate clients attesting to the nature of work assignments during the period of performance required for certification for self-employed or contract applicants.5.4.4.1 If letters of reference cannot be practically obtained, applicants shall submit an affidavit describing what type of work activity they performed, and indicat-ing the time frame of that activity for a sufficient number of clients to establish the length of activity required in 15.4 of this standard. Additional supporting documenta-tion, such as lesson plans, letters, billing invoices, or check stubs also may be submitted.5.5 All applicants shall be responsible for using the mostcurrent applications as provided by the AWS Certifica-tion Department. Use of obsolete forms may delay the certification process.6.Examination Requirements forSCWI and CWI6.1 Senior Certified Welding Inspector6.1.1 Applicants seeking SCWI certification shallsuccessfully meet the SWI requirements as contained in6.2 and7.2 of AWS B5.1, Specification for the Qualifi-cation of Welding Inspectors.6.1.2 Applicants shall pass the examination(s) as follows:6.1.3 Re-examinations shall be considered as any teststaken within one year (12 months) of the original test date. Candidates may take up to two (2) re-examinations within one year of the original test date.6.2 Certified Welding Inspector6.2.1 Applicants seeking CWI certification shall suc-cessfully meet the WI requirements as contained in 6.2 and 7.1 of AWS B5.1, Specification for the Qualification of Welding Inspectors.6.2.2 Applicants shall pass the examination(s) as follows:6.2.3 Applicants who achieve a 72% overall compositescore (simple average of three parts of the examination) and fail to meet the requirements of 6.2.2 may retake those parts failed subject to the requirements of 6.2.5.6.2.4 An applicant shall select and indicate on his/hercertification application the Code to which they are to be tested. Applicants are responsible for verifying with the AWS Certification Department which Codes are available ExaminationMinimumNumber ofQuestionsMinimumPercentage ofCorrect Answers SCWI Part Aand Part B20072%(144 correct answers) ExaminationMinimumNumber ofQuestionsMinimumPercentage ofCorrect Answers Part A—FundamentalsPart B—PracticalPart C—Code BookCode Book EndorsementsOther Endorsements1504646N/AN/A72%72%72%72%As defined inthe endorsementspecifications3and which editions of those Codes are applicable to the examination.6.2.5 Re-examinations shall be considered as retaking the same exam. Candidates may take one (1) re-examination within one year of the original test date without further training. Any additional retests taken will require docu-mentation of 40 hours of further training received in welding inspection meeting the requirements of 16.5.1.The maximum number of retests taken in any three-year period is three (3).7.Achieving Certified Associate Welding Inspector (CAWI) Certification7.1 CAWI certification is obtained when an applicant achieves the following on the CWI examination:7.2 CAWIs shall adhere to the requirements of 15.1 of this standard.7.3 Existing CAWIs who achieve the minimum scores in 7.1 of this standard shall be awarded a CAWI certifica-tion and will be subject to the requirements of 15.1 of this standard.7.4 All CAWI certifications issued in accordance with this standard shall have new certification numbers assigned to them.7.5 CAWIs who meet the requirements of Section 14 of this standard are eligible for upgrading to CWI status. Cer-tification upgrade is not automatic. Applicants for upgrade must complete and submit all necessary documents to the AWS Certification Department for consideration.8.Visual Acuity Requirements8.1 Applicants for certification as SCWI, CWI, or CAWI shall satisfy the visual acuity requirements of 6.1 of AWS B5.1, Specification for the Qualification of Weld-ing Inspectors .8.1.1 Eye examinations shall be administered by an Ophthalmologist, Optometrist, Medical Doctor, Regis-ExaminationMinimum Number of Questions Minimum Correct Percentage Part A—Fundamentals Part B—Practical Part C—Code Book150464660%60%60%tered Nurse, Certified Physician’s Assistant, or by other ophthalmic medical personnel, and must include the state or province license number. Examinations shall be per-formed not more than 7 months prior to the date of the welding inspector examination or recertification.8.1.2 The completed eye examination results shall be received in the AWS Certification Department not later than 30 days after the applicant’s completed examination date. Applicants who have not fulfilled all requirements by that date shall have all records, scores, and applica-tions voided and may be in jeopardy of forfeiting appli-cation fees.9.Reciprocity9.1 The Committee periodically approves reciprocity arrangements between the program defined in this stan-dard and welding inspector certification programs in other countries. The terms and conditions of each reci-procity arrangement are unique and conditional upon the uniform administration of the reciprocal program.Changes to programs subsequent to granting reciprocity shall be cause for reevaluation by the Committee of issu-ance of certifications beyond the date of change. Contact the AWS Certification Department for a listing of current approved reciprocal agreements and their respective requirements.10.Certification10.1 Documentation. The American Welding Society shall issue to each SCWI, CWI, and CAWI applicant who complies with the applicable requirements of AWS B5.1, Specification for the Qualification of Welding Inspectors , a serialized (unique number) certificate and a wallet card stating that the applicant has met the AWS certification requirements. Certification shall be valid for three years unless revoked for reasons defined in 11.6and the authority of Section 12. The certificate shall indi-cate the date of certification. The wallet card shall indi-cate the expiration date of certification and any need for corrective lenses for near vision acuity. It shall also state results of color vision tests.10.1.1 SCWIs shall be issued a new certification num-ber but may request that the original date of CWI certifi-cation be listed on the SCWI wallet card.10.2 Verification. The American Welding Society shall release certification test results only to the applicant SCWI/CWI/CAWI, or to a person or agency designated by the applicant SCWI/CWI/CAWI upon written re-quest, and with notarized and witnessed release. Theexception to this requirement are members of American Welding Society staff and members and officers of the Certification Committee, who may request and receive access to all information relating to program participants in the necessary pursuit of their duties on behalf of the program. Extra copies of test results, in addition to those provided at the time of certification, may require pay-ment of a nominal administrative fee. Requests for veri-fication of status and certification number of SCWIs, CWIs, and CAWIs shall be provided to requestors with-out charge. Only the certification number, date certified, expiration date, and current status (current, revoked, etc.) shall be provided by American Welding Society staff members without the express written approval of the ap-plicant, SCWI, CWI, or CAWI.11.Code of Ethics, Rules of Conduct,and PracticePreamble. In order to safeguard the health and well being of the public and to maintain integrity and high standards of skills, practice, and conduct in the occupa-tion of welding inspection, the American Welding Soci-ety SCWIs, CWIs, and CAWIs shall be cognizant of the following principles and the scope to which they apply, with the understanding that any unauthorized practice is subject to the Committee’s review and may result in sus-pension, reprimand, or revocation of certification.11.1 Integrity. The SCWI, CWI, and CAWI shall act with complete integrity in professional matters and be forthright and candid to their employer, the regulator or employer’s customer, and with the Committee or its rep-resentatives, on matters pertaining to this standard. 11.2 Responsibility to the Public. The SCWI, CWI, and CAWI shall act to preserve the health and well being of the public by performing duties required of welding inspection in a conscientious and impartial manner to the full extent of the inspector(s) moral and civic responsi-bility and qualification. Accordingly, the SCWI, CWI, and CAWI shall:11.2.1 Undertake and perform assignments only when qualified by training, experience, and capability.11.2.2 Present credentials upon request to persons authorized to examine them.11.2.3 Neither falsely represent current status nor seek to misrepresent the certification level (SCWI/CWI/ CAWI) by modification of certification documents or false verbal or written testimony of current level or status.11.2.4 Be completely objective, thorough, and factual in any written report, statement, or testimony of the workand include all relevant or pertinent testimony in such communiqués or testimonials.11.2.5 Sign only for work that the inspector hasinspected, or for work over which the inspector has per-sonal knowledge through direct supervision.11.2.6 Neither associate with nor knowingly partici-pate in a fraudulent or dishonest venture or activity.11.3 Public Statements11.3.1 The SCWI, CWI, or CAWI shall issue no state-ments, criticisms or arguments on weld inspection mat-ters connected with public policy which were inspired or paid for by an interested party, or parties, without first identifying the party, the speaker, and disclosing any possible financial interest.11.3.2 The SCWI, CWI, or CAWI shall publiclyexpress no opinion on welding inspection subjects unless it is founded upon knowledge of the facts in issue, upon a background of technical competence pertinent to the sub-ject, and upon honest conviction of the accuracy and pro-priety of the statement.11.4 Conflict of Interest11.4.1 The SCWI, CWI, or CAWI shall avoid a con-flict of interest with the employer or client and shall dis-close any business association, or circumstance that might be so considered.11.4.2 The SCWI, CWI, or CAWI shall not acceptcompensation, financial or otherwise, from more than one party for services on the same project, or for services pertaining to the same project, unless the circumstances are fully disclosed to all interested parties or their autho-rized agents.11.4.3 The SCWI, CWI, or CAWI shall not solicit oraccept gratuities, directly or indirectly, from any party, or parties, dealing with the client or employer in connec-tion with the SCWI’s, CWI’s, and CAWI’s work.11.4.4 The SCWI, CWI, or CAWI shall, while servingin the capacity of an elected, retained, or employed pub-lic official, neither inspect, review, nor approve work in the capacity of SCWI, CWI, or CAWI on projects also subject to the inspector’s administrative jurisdiction as a public official, unless this practice is expressly dictated by a job description and/or specification and all affected parties to the action are in agreement.11.5 Solicitation of Employment11.5.1 The SCWI, CWI, or CAWI shall neither pay,solicit, nor offer, directly or indirectly, any bribe or com-mission for professional employment with the exception5。
焊接检验员安全须知

焊接检验员应定期接受安全培训, 了解并掌握防护用品的正确使用方 法和注意事项,以确保自身安全。
遵守安全操作规程
焊接检验员必须经过专业培训,熟悉掌握安全操作规程 在进行焊接检验前,必须检查工作环境是否符合安全要求 焊接检验员应佩戴齐全个人防护用品,如防护眼镜、手套等 焊接检验员应遵循安全操作规程,避免发生意外事故
定期检查焊接设备的安全性能
焊接检验员应定期检查焊接设备的安全性能,确保设备正常运行,避免因设备故障导致 安全事故。
焊接检验员应熟悉各种焊接设备的性能和使用方法,按照操作规程进行操作,避免因误 操作导致安全事故。
焊接检验员应定期对焊接设备进行维护保养,保持设备的清洁和完好,确保设备的正常 运行。
焊接检验员需对 焊接结果进行检 测,确保焊缝外 观、尺寸、强度 等指标达到标准
要求。
焊接检验员需对 焊接设备进行定 期检查和维护, 确保设备处于良 好状态,保证焊
接质量稳定。
焊接检验员需 对焊接工艺进 行评估和优化, 提高焊接效率 和质量,降低
不良品率。
监督焊接作业的安全
焊接检验员负责对焊 接作业的安全进行监 督,确保作业符合相 关标准和规定。
了解焊接设备的维护和保养
定期检查焊接设备的运行状况,确 保设备正常运转。
定期检查焊接设备的电线和连接部 位,确保设备安全。
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定期清理焊接设备的灰尘和杂物, 保持设备清洁。
按照厂家建议使用焊接设备和相关 配件,避免设备损坏。
熟悉应急处理措施
熟悉焊接检验过程中的紧急情况处理流程,如发生火灾、触电等事故时能够迅速采取 正确的应对措施。
感谢您的观看
汇报人:
焊接检验员应了解焊接设备的常见故障及排除方法,及时发现并处理设备故障,避免因 设备故障导致安全事故。
焊缝目测检验规范

焊缝或个别表面焊道宽度(W,mm)
最大凸度(C,mm)
W≤8
2
8<W<25
3
W≥25
4
焊缝目测检验规范
J301—12—01
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3.5.1.2.2最后加工方法与数值
最后加工可以采用铲凿或刨槽,但要随后进行打磨。需精加工的表面,粗糙度数值不应超过6.3μm;表面加工粗糙度需到3.2μm的表面,应沿主应力方向进行加工;表面加工粗糙度需到3.2μm的以下表面,应沿任何方向进行最后加工。
3.2检验
焊缝目视检验是检验人员借助于工具或量具来检验焊缝表面质量和状态,一般采用直接目视检验,必要时,可以借助反光镜、放大镜进行检查。也可以采用内窥镜、摄像机、照相机等进行远距离的检查,但要求是这些设备的分辨率应至少和直接目视检验相当。
3.3场地要求
进行焊缝检验的场地其光照度至少有1000lx,必要时可借助光照设备达到检验所必须的光照度。
×
2)角焊缝中的管状气孔出现频率为100毫米焊缝长度严禁超过1个,且最大直径严禁超过2.5毫米。下列情况例外:对于连接加劲筋板的角焊缝,在任何25毫米长焊缝范围内的管状气孔直径总和严禁超过10毫米,而在任何300长焊缝内严禁超过20毫米。
×
×
3)与计算拉应力成横向关系的对接接头完全熔透(CJP)坡口焊缝,严禁有可见管状气孔。对于所有其他坡口焊缝,管状气孔出现频率为100毫米焊缝长度严禁超过1个,且最大直径严禁超过2.5毫米。
3.5.1.1角焊缝
3.5.1.1.1角焊缝表面可以稍稍突起、平坦和稍稍下凹。理想的角焊缝剖面见图1,合格角焊缝剖面见图2。
3.5.1.1.2间断角焊缝除规范允许的咬边以外,图1和图2的焊缝形状不适用于超出间断角焊缝有效长度以外的端部形状。
焊接检验员安全须知

采取应急措施
立即停止作业,关闭电源
检查受伤情况,进行初步急救
报告上级,寻求专业救援
保护现场,协助调查事故原因
及时报告事故
保持冷静,避免慌乱,确保自身安全
发现事故时,立即向主管报告
报告内容包括事故发生时间、地点、原因、伤亡情况等
协助主管进行事故处理,提供必要的信息和支持
谢谢
定期检查防护用品是否完好,如有损坏及时更换
遵守安全操作规程,避免长时间在高温、高噪音环境下工作
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02
03
04
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紧急情况处理
识别危险信号
观察周围环境,发现异常情况
发现烟雾、异味、火花等危险信号
听到异常声音,如爆炸声、设备异常运转声
发现人员受伤、设备损坏等紧急情况
发现违反安全规定、操作规程的行为
发现设备故障、安全隐患等潜在危险
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防护鞋:保护脚部,防止高温和焊接飞溅物伤害
保持安全距离
01
避免直接接触焊接区域,保持适当的距离
02
使用防护设备,如面罩、手套、防护服等
03
遵守安全规定,避免在焊接区域周围走动
04
定期检查焊接设备,确保安全运行
避免接触有害物质
穿戴防护服、手套、护目镜等个人防护用品
避免直接接触焊接产生的烟雾、火花和紫外线
02
正确穿戴防护用品,防止焊接过程中产生的火花、高温、有毒气体等伤害
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保持工作环境整洁,避免杂物堆积,防止绊倒、滑倒等事故发生
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定期接受安全培训,提高安全意识和自我保护能力
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遵守安全用电规定,防止触电事故发生
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遵守安全防火规定,防止火灾事故发生
07
AWS D1.1 2008

OEM------最初的设备制造商 OEM------最初的设备制造商 用户-----用户-----规范术语------shall、should、 规范术语------shall、should、may 1.4责任 1.4责任 工程师的责任 承包商的责任 检验员的责任(承包商检验和监理检验) 检验员的责任(承包商检验和监理检验) 1.5认可 1.5认可 凡规范中提到需经认可必须理解为由具有 管辖权的权威机构或工程师认可。
有效期 焊工和焊机操作工------按本规范规定所作
的焊工和焊机操作工的评定必须被视为无限期有 效,但有下述情况之一则失效:(1)该焊工或焊 机操作工停止其已获资格评定焊接方法的操作达6 个月以上。(2)因一些特定理由而对该焊工或焊 机操作工的能力产生疑问。
定位焊工------定位焊工如果通过C 部分所
B部分
概述: B部分的特别要求连同A部分的要求应用 部分的特别要求连同A 于所有承受静载荷的非管材构件的连接。除 C部分作了修订,A部分和B部分的要求也必 部分作了修订,A部分和B 须应用于周期荷载。
坡口焊缝厚度和宽度的过渡: 对于静荷载结构,角焊缝表面的轮廓 (厚度和宽度的过渡)整理不必要,当工程 师要求角焊缝作表面轮廓整理时,他们应该 在合同文件中规定(见图2.3)。 在合同文件中规定(见图2接设计 2.焊接连接设计 3.WPS的免除评定 3.WPS的免除评定 4.评定 4.评定 5.制作 5.制作 6.检验 6.检验 7.螺柱焊 7.螺柱焊 8.现有结构的补强与修理 8.现有结构的补强与修理
1
总则
1.1适用范围 1.1适用范围 本规范包括制作和安装焊接钢结构的要 求。当合同文件规定使用本规范时,除了工 程师(见1.4.1)或合同文件特别修改的或允 程师(见1.4.1)或合同文件特别修改的或允 许免除的条款外,本规范的所有条款均必须 遵守。
焊接作业基本安全要求

焊接作业基本安全要求焊接作业是一种高风险的工作,一旦安全措施不当,就会导致严重的安全事故。
为了保障焊工的安全,严格遵守安全要求非常重要。
以下是焊接作业的基本安全要求:选用合适的焊接设备1.焊接设备必须符合国家安全标准和检验标准。
2.焊接设备必须在使用前进行检测,确保其完好无损,保养维护及时。
3.焊接设备必须放置在干燥通风的场地,并设置防护措施,以防止返光、飞溅等安全事故的发生。
确保工作场所的安全1.工作场所必须保持清洁、整齐,避免堆积杂物影响作业安全。
2.工作场所必须保持通风、干燥,防止气体中毒和爆炸等危险事故的发生。
3.工作场所应标明安全警示标识,方便操作人员遵循安全规定。
对操作人员的要求1.操作人员必须经过培训,掌握相关的焊接技术和安全知识,并持有效证件。
2.操作人员必须穿戴好安全装备,包括防火服、防护眼镜、防护手套等,避免身体受到损伤。
3.操作人员必须严格遵守安全规定,避免操作失误或不当造成安全事故。
焊接材料的要求1.焊接材料必须符合国家安全标准,不得使用劣质产品,防止不良材料对焊接质量及人身安全造成影响。
2.操作人员应严格按照材料配比进行混合和使用,避免误配或混错。
紧急情况处理措施1.在紧急情况下,必须及时采取措施,保障操作人员的安全。
例如,如果发生火灾,则应立即使用灭火器进行灭火,或者按照撤离计划安全撤离。
2.必须建立应急预案,制定各种应急处置措施,以备不时之需。
综上所述,焊接作业安全是非常重要的。
对于任何一个焊工而言,严格遵守相应的安全要求和措施是必要的。
只有在安全措施做好的前提下,才能更好的完成焊接工作。
第二章焊接检验员安全须知-精选文档

• • • • • • • • • • • • • 介绍 眼部和面部的保护 保护服 噪音 机械防护 烟气 非安全暴露因素 通风 压缩气体的搬运 集管 气体 电击 术语和定义
第二单元 焊接检验员安全须知
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2019-11-12
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•
2.1 介绍 焊接检验员经常和焊工在一样的环境下开展工作,他们因此会暴露于许多安全隐患之 下。这些安全隐患包括: 电击、坠落、辐射、由紫外线和空气中的微小颗粒造成的眼睛 伤害、烟气以及空中坠落物等。 虽然焊接检验员暴露于这些危险环境中的时间很短,但有关安全问题同样不容忽视。 焊接检验员应当努力遵守所有的安全规定,如正确地使用防护眼镜、安全帽、防护服 或针对某一特定场合所需的防护器械等。 对于建议采用的安全预防措施,请详见ANSI Z49.1《焊接、切割及其相关工工艺中的 安全注意事项》
第二单元 焊接检验员安全须知
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当焊接、切割或类似的热加工要在非指定区域进行时,应当启用“热加工许可”系统。 热加工许可系统的目的在于警告场地主管在特定的时间内该区域存在有很高的火灾风 险。该系统应包括一份有关安全注意事项的检测清单。 检测清单的内容通常包括灭火器械检查、按需要设立火情观察员、易燃物搜索检查, 以及针对不涉及热加工作业的其他人员的(工作区)安全指导。在发布热加工许可令 时,必须告知焊接检验师并要求其遵守所有的要求。 中空容器在加热之前和加热过程中必须进行通风。在没有进行危险性评估之前,不得 对装有未知材料、可燃物或易燃气体的容器进行加热。必须首先对这类容器进行全面 清理或充入惰性气体。如果操作中存在爆炸危险,则必须穿戴适当的劳防用品以保护 眼睛和身体的其他部位。焊接过程中发生的眼部或身体的灼伤通常都是一些非常严重 的事故。因此,要对操作工和工作场地中的其他人员进行眼部、面部和身体保护以防 止由紫外线和红外线辐射、火星及飞溅引起的灼伤。
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AWS关于焊接检验员的安全要求介绍焊接检验员经常和焊工在一样的环境下开展工作,他们因此会暴露于许多安全隐患之下。
这些安全隐患包括: 电击、坠落、辐射、由紫外线和空气中的微小颗粒造成的眼睛伤害、烟气以及空中坠落物等。
虽然焊接检验员暴露于这些危险环境中的时间很短,但有关安全问题同样不容忽视。
焊接检验员应当努力遵守所有的安全规定,如正确地使用防护眼镜、安全帽、防护服或针对某一特定场合所需的防护器械等。
对于建议采用的安全预防措施,请详见ANSI Z49.1《焊接、切割及其相关工工艺中的安全注意事项》(见图2.1)。
安全在所有的焊接、切割以及于之相关工作中占有十分重要的位置。
如果有人员伤亡,那么任何工作都称不上是令人满意的完成。
这里,我们将讨论所遇到危险及可以减少人员伤害和财产损失的方法。
领导的支持和指导是实现一个有效的安全和卫生保健程序的关键。
管理层必须明确阐述安全目标并以其行动始终如一地支持安全和卫生工作。
管理层必须指定那些经过批准的安全区域用于焊接和切割工作。
当这些工作在指定区域以外进行时,管理层必须确保建立适当的程序予以控制,以保护生命和财产的安全。
管理层还必须确保只有经批准的焊接、切割及其它相关设备方可投入使用。
这些设备包括焊枪、调节器、焊机、焊条筒以及个人保护用具(见图 2.2)。
必须实施适当的监督以确保所有设备的正确使用和维护保养。
全面有效的培训是一个安全程序的关键组成部分。
美国《职业安全和健康法规(OSHA)》,特别是《有害物质信息传递标准 (29 CFR 1910.1200)》均将对相关人员进行适当培训的要求作为强制性条款。
经过在此专题下的适当培训后,焊工和其他设备操作工均能在最大限度范围以内安全地开展工作。
这类培训的内容包括如何安全地使用设备和操作工艺、以及必须遵守的安全法规等。
员工需要了解并理解这些法规以及违反这些法规的后果。
例如,必须对焊工进行操作位置的培训以确保他们在进行焊接和切割操作时不会将头部置于烟气或烟缕中。
烟缕是从熔化的金属区域直接升起的含有微小固体颗粒的烟雾。
这种烟雾是凝缩成微粒的金属蒸汽。
工作之前,使用者必须阅读并理解制造商关于材料、设备的安全指示及材料安全数据表(MSDS)。
当然还有AWS规范要求的在焊接材料和焊接设备上的警告标签。
这些有关安全使用产品的标签必须被仔细阅读并严格遵守(见图2.3)。
按照要求,焊接材料制造商必须提供在他们的产品中所包含的有害物质的材料安全数据表(MSDS)。
该安全数据表(MSDS)提供了OSHA所允许的暴露于有害物质的极限值,称之为(安全)阈限值(TLV),以及其它的由制造商所使用或推荐极限值。
TLV是美国政府与工业卫生委员会(ACGIH)的注册商标标志。
使用焊材的厂方必须向员工提供适用于所用焊材材料安全数据表(MSDS),并培训他们阅读理解其中的内容。
材料安全数据表(MSDS)包含了有关电极、焊条和焊剂成分的重要信息。
这些数据表还给出了焊接中所产生的烟气的成分以及其他在使用中可能产生的危险。
此外,该表还提供为保护焊工及相关人员应遵守的工作方法。
图2.3 –弧焊工艺和设备所使用的典型警告标签OSHA《有害物质信息传递标准 (29 CFR 1910.1200)》规定,雇主要负责对雇员进行工作场地中危险材料的安全知识培训。
按照该标准的定义,许多焊接材料属于所谓的有害材料。
雇主必须符合该标准所规定的交流和培训要求。
必须对员工进行设备的正确使用与保养知识的培训。
例如,不能在焊接或切割中使用有缺陷或磨损的绝缘材料。
同样,有缺陷或磨损的软管不得用于气焊、气割和钎焊。
设备操作培训是安全操作的基础。
还必须对员工进行正确识别安全隐患的培训。
如果他们在一个陌生的工况或环境下工作,他们必须能够全面地意识到主要的安全隐患。
以某人必须在狭窄空间中工作的情况为例。
如果通风不良而要求佩带供风头罩,则必须向员工解释清楚在什么情况下需要并如何正确地使用通风头罩。
这些设备使用不当所产生的后果也必须告之。
当员工认为为完成指定工作任务而采取的安全预防措施不够恰当或没有理解其内容时,他应在操作前向主管询问。
良好的内务整理习惯也是避免伤害的重要因素。
焊工的视线通常会受到眼部保护物的限制,其他人员经过焊接工位时也必须时时注意保护他们的眼睛以避免火焰或弧光的伤害。
视线的限制使焊工和行人很容易被地面上的物体所绊倒。
所以,焊工及主管必须确保其工作区域没有行走危险。
应规划并指定车间内用于生产的场地,以便使软管、电缆、机械装置和其他设备既不会和人行通道交叉,也不会影响日常工作(见图 2.4)。
当进行空中作业时,必须设有安全围栏以避免由于眼睛保护装置造成的视线局限而引起的跌落。
护栏和安全带可以帮助将工人限制在安全工作区域以内并防止跌落。
在工业环境下,某些意外的事故如烟气、起火和爆炸的确时有发生。
所有的逃生通道应标识清楚并保持畅通,以便在需要时能够有序、快速和安全地从事故发生地疏散人员。
必须对员工进行疏散程序的培训。
严禁在疏散通道上堆放货物和设备。
如果疏散通道被临时占用,则还必须对通常使用该通道的员工进行使用其他疏散通道的培训。
设备、机床、电缆、软管以及其他物品应放置妥当以避免对过道、扶梯、楼梯上的人员构成危险。
警告标志应明显地标明焊接场地,并指明必须佩带的眼睛保护用具。
在有些情况下,还必须指定一名“火情观察”人员以保证焊接或切割工作的安全进行。
还应对邻近焊接和切割场地的其它人员进行保护以免辐射和飞溅的危害。
这种保护通常通过火焰防护屏、适当的眼部和面部保护用具以及防护衣来完成。
可以使用适当的、半透明材料的辐射保护用具。
在操作场地,工位之间应该用阻燃屏加以分割(见图2.5)。
工位或防护屏应使空气可以从工位的底部到防护屏的上部进行循环。
如果要在刷有油漆的墙面旁边经常性地进行电弧焊或切割操作,应选用对紫外线辐射具有较低反射率的面漆。
面漆配有一定成分的涂料,如二氧化钛、氧化锌均具有较低的紫外线辐射反射特性。
只要不增加反射,就可以添加其他涂料。
不要使用由粉末或可剥落材料制成的涂料,因为它们对紫外线辐射具有较高的反射率。
大多数的焊接、切割及相关工艺中都有一个高温热源。
火焰、电弧、灼热的金属、火花及飞溅都是现成的火种。
许多火灾都是由火花引起的,火花可以由产生处水平飞行至35英尺远的地方。
火花能够穿过或停留在裂纹、小孔处,以及地板和墙面上的微小裂缝处。
工作场地中的可燃物,或者,过分靠近焊接和切割工位且未遮盖的可燃物会增加发生火灾的危险。
能燃烧的材料大多是那些可燃的地板、房顶、分隔板或含有垃圾、木材、纸张、织物、塑料、化学制品的建筑材料及易燃液体和气体。
室外的可燃物大多是那些干燥的草木。
最佳的防火保护措施是将焊接和切割作业放在指定的区域,或放在远离可燃物的、用阻燃材料隔离的操作间内进行。
应始终将可燃物从工作现场移开或遮盖起来。
焊接生产中常见的可燃物是那些用于动力设备和焊接或切割的燃料。
应当仔细保管和使用这些燃料。
因为燃料和它们的蒸气属于可燃物且这些物质在某些情况下会发生爆炸,因此,要严格按照设备制造商的说明书进行操作。
要小心地搬运用于焊接和切割的乙炔、丙烷及其他易燃气体。
对燃料气瓶、软管和其他用具的使用应特别注意以避免气体泄漏。
不能从场地中移开的可燃材料应当用阻燃材料紧密覆盖。
这些材料包括可燃墙壁和吊顶。
工作场地35英尺半径范围内的地面上应当没有可燃物。
所有的通道、窗户,裂缝和其他开口应当用阻燃材料覆盖。
如果条件允许的话,可用便携式阻燃屏对工作场地进行隔离。
当焊接或切割在邻近的地方进行时,必须将位于金属墙、吊顶或分隔板另一侧的可燃物转移到安全位置。
如果无法这样做的话,在可燃物附近应当配备火情观察人员。
焊接产生的热量可以通过金属分隔物进行传导并点燃隔壁的可燃物。
在离开工作场地之前应当进行全面的火情检测。
作业结束后的火情检测至少应当持续30分钟以上。
不得在带有可燃涂层或内部含有可燃物的部件上进行焊接/切割作业。
严禁将热的碎片或残渣置放于含有可燃物的容器内。
工作场所附近应始终配置有适当的灭火器,并有经过培训的火情观察员值班。
图2.6-国家安全委员会”热加工许可证”焊接、钎焊或切割不得在可燃的地板或平台上进行,这些材料容易被作业产生的热量点燃。
必须将易燃液体中挥发气体的流动情况向焊工和检验员发出警告。
这些气体通常比空气重。
易燃液体产生的蒸汽可沿地板流动到距离储罐数百英尺以外的地方并沉积到地面。
较轻的气体可以沿着天花板流到隔壁的房间。
当焊接、切割或类似的热加工要在非指定区域进行时,应当启用“热加工许可”系统(见图2.6)。
热加工许可系统的目的在于警告场地主管在特定的时间内该区域存在有很高的火灾风险。
该系统应包括一份有关安全注意事项的检测清单。
检测清单的内容通常包括灭火器械检查、按需要设立火情观察员、易燃物搜索检查,以及针对不涉及热加工作业的其他人员的(工作区)安全指导。
在发布热加工许可令时,必须告知焊接检验师并要求其遵守所有的要求。
易燃气体、蒸汽、及粉尘与空气或氧气按一定比例混合之后就会引起爆炸和燃烧。
应避免接触所有的火源以防止爆炸。
若焊接、钎焊、切割或设备运转会产生热或火花,则不能用于含有易燃气体或粉尘的环境。
必须将易燃物保存在无泄漏的容器中或从工作场地移开。
否则,热或火花会引起低挥发性物质的挥发而产生易燃气体。
中空容器在加热之前和加热过程中必须进行通风。
在没有进行危险性评估之前,不得对装有未知材料、可燃物或易燃气体的容器进行加热。
必须首先对这类容器进行全面清理或充入惰性气体。
如果操作中存在爆炸危险,则必须穿戴适当的劳防用品以保护眼睛和身体的其他部位。
焊接过程中发生的眼部或身体的灼伤通常都是一些非常严重的事故。
因此,要对操作工和工作场地中的其他人员进行眼部、面部和身体保护以防止由紫外线和红外线辐射、火星及飞溅引起的灼伤。
眼睛和面部的保护电弧焊及切割焊工、焊接操作工或附近的人员在观察电弧时,必须使用装有合适的滤光镜和防护板的焊接头戴式面罩或手持式面罩。
ANSI 标准最新版Z87.1《职业性和教育性眼部和脸部的保护》给出了焊接头戴式面罩、手持式面罩,面罩、眼罩及眼镜的标准。
在焊接和切割作业中,必须佩带安全眼镜、眼罩或其他适合的眼部保护用具(见图2.7)。
当存在有害射线或打磨、切片引起的飞溅微粒时,使用的防护面具还必须具有侧面防护功能。
眼镜和眼罩可以是无色的,也可以是有色的。
遮光罩的选用取决于(当掀起或取掉焊接头盔时)邻近的焊接/切割作业所产生的射线强度。
建议将2# 滤光镜作为通用用途的保护镜(见表2.1)。
气焊和气割,埋弧焊在进行气焊和气割作业时,必须佩带具有滤光镜片和侧面全保护的护目镜 (见表2.1)。
对埋弧焊而言,由于电弧被焊剂覆盖而不易看到,因此不需要佩戴焊接面罩。