专业英语真题.doc
英语专业四级历年词汇真题.docx
41. Howcan I ever concentrate if you ___ continually___ mewith silly questions?A. have interruptedB. had interruptedC. are⋯InterruptingD. were interrupting42. When you have finished with that video tape, don’t forget to put it inmy drawer, ___？A. do youB. will youC. don’ t youD. won’ t youleft orders that nothing ___ touched until the police arrived here.A. should beB. ought to beC. must beD. would be. White works with a chemicals import & export company, but he ___ for thisindustrial fair, since he is on leave.A. has workedB. worksC. has been workingD. is working45. The physicist has made a discovery, ___ of great importance to the progress of science and technology.A. I think which isB. that I think isC. which I think isD. which I think it is46.___, he is ready to accept suggestions from different sources.A. Instead of his contributions47.The team can handle whatever ___.A.that needs handlingB. which needs handlingC.it needs handlingD. needs to be handlede and see me whenever ___.A.you are convenientB. you will be convenient49. It was as a physician that he represented himself, and he was warmlyreceived.A. as suchB. such asC. as thatD. so that50. I have never been to London, but that is the city ___.A. where I like to visit m ostB. I’d most like to visitC. which I like to visit mostlyD. where I’d like most to visit51.I was to have made a speech if ___.A. I was not called awayB. nobody would have called me awayC. I had not been called awayD. nobody called me away52. I felt that I was not yet ___ to travel abroad.A. too strongB. strong enoughC. so strongD. enough strong GRAMMAR & VOCABULARY（1998）41. John is __ hardworking than his sister, but he failed in the exam.[A] no less [B] no more [C] not less [D] no so42.She remembered sever, d occasions in the past __ she had experienceda similar feeling.[A] while [B] before [C] that [D] when43.ff your car __ any attention during the first12 months, take it toan authorized dealer.[A] shall need[B] should need[C] would need[D] will need44. The indoor swimming pool seems to be a great deal more luxurious than__[A] is necessary [B] being necessary [C] to be necessary [D] it is necessary45.__, he can now only watch it on TV at home.[A]Obtaining not a ticket for the match[B]Not obtaining a ticket for the match[C]Not having obtained a ticket for the match[D ] Not obtained a ticket for the match46.The children prefer camping in the mountains __ an indoor activity.[A] to[B] than[C] for[D] withnguage belongs to each member of the society, to the cleaner__ tothe professor.[A] as far as[B] the same as[C] as much as[D] as long as48.__ he needed money for a new car, he decided not to borrow it from thebank.[A] Much as[B] Much though[C] As much[D] Though much49. The Clarks haven't decided yet which hotel[A] to stay[B] is to stay[C] to stay at[D] is for staying50.His strong sense of humor was __ make everyone in the room burst outlaughing.[A] so as to[B] such as to[C] so that[D] such that51. __ enough time and money, the researcher would have been able to discover more in this field.[A] Giving[B] To give[C] Given[D] Being given52. You __ Mark anything. It was none of his business.[A] needn ’t have told[B] needn't tell[C] mustn't have told[D] mustn't tell53. The membership card entitled him certain privileges in the dub.[A] on[B] in[C] at[D] toPart 5 GRAMMAR AND VOCABULARY (1999)___ seemed an endless wait, it was her turn to enter the personnel manager’s office.A. thatB. whatC. thereD.itthree men tried many times to sneak across the border into the neighboringcountry,___ by the police each time.A. had been capturedB. being always capturedC. only to be capturedD. unfortunately capturedJohnson is said ___some significant advance in his research in the past year.A. having madeB. makingC. to have made D to makecannot change into muscle ___ muscle changes into fat.A. any more thanB. no less than C no more than D. much more than is not so muchthe language ___ the cultural background that makes the bookdifficult to understand.A. butB. norC. asD. likeought to be less anxiety over the perceived risk of mountain climbing than___ in the public mind today.A. existsB. existC. existingD. to exist’ve never been to Lhasa, but that’s the city___.’d most l ike to visit B. where I like to visitC. which I like to visit mostlyD. I ’d like much to visit48. He ___ unwisely, but he was at least trying to do something helpful.A. may have actedB. must have actedC. should actD. would act49. If you have really been studying English for so long. you ___ able to write letters in English.A. should beB. wereC. must be D . are’s ___ as a “bellyacher ” —— he’s always complaining about something.A. who is knownB. whom is knownC. what is knownD. which is knownalways tries his best to complete it on time.A. However the task is hardB. However hard the task isC. Though hard the task isD. Though hard is the taskas ___, I couldn ’t lend him the money because I simply didn ’t have that much spare cash.A. I would have liked to should have to likeB. I would like to have should have liked toPartⅤ GRAMMAR AND VOCABULARY(2000)hearing helps most animals sense the approach of thunderstorm s long beforepeople___.A. doB. hearC. do themD. hearing itis an illness that can result in total blindness ___ left untreated.A. afterB. ifC. SinceD. unlesscentral provinces have floods in some years, and ___.A. drought in othersB. droughts are othersC. while other droughtsD. others in droughthelp yourself to some fruit,___ you?A. can ’tB. don ’tC. wouldn ’tD. won’tnothing more for discussion,the meeting came to an end half an hour earlier.A. to beB. to have beenC. beingD. bemother can ’t get ___ because she has rheumatism (风湿病).C.throughD.in47. I was very much put ___ by Mark’s rude behavior; it really anno yed me.B. offC. upD. by48. You ___ Jim anything about it. It was none of his business.A. needn ’t have toldB. needn ’t tellC. mustn ’t have toldD. mustn ’t tellof us would have enjoyed the party much more if there___ quite such a crowdof people there.A. weren ’tB. hasn ’t beenC. hadn ’t beenD.wouldn’t be50.Firms that use computers have found that the number of staff ___ quality control can be substantially reduced.A. whoseB. asC. whatD. that51. ___ at in this way, the present economic situation doesn’t seem so gloomy.A. LookingB.LookedC.Having lookedD.To look PartⅤGRAMMAR AND VOCABULARY(2001)can’t go — for one thing, I have no money, and ___ I have too much work.A. what’s moreB. as wellC. for anotherD.in addition42.Even as a girl, ___to be her life, and theater audiences were to be herbest teacher.A. performing by Melissa wereB. it was known that Melissa’s p erformances wereC. knowing that Melissa’s performances wereD. Melissa knew that performing washim tomorrow?A. Why not to call onB. Why don ’t call onC. Why not calling onD. Why not call onis no doubt ___the company has made the right decision on the sales project.A. whyB. thatC. whetherD. when is to the mind ___sight is to the body.A. whatB. asC. thatD. like sympathize, I can’t really do very much to help them out of the difficulties.A. As long asB. AsC. WhileD. Even patient ’s progress was very encouraging as he could ___ get out of bed without help.A. nearlyB. hardlyC. merelyD. barely48. He was ___to tell the truth even to his closest friend.A. too much of a cowardB. too much the cowardC. a coward enoughD. enough of a coward49.Barry had an advantage over his mother ___he could speak French.A. since thatB. in thatC. at thatD. so that50.You needn’t worry ___ regards the cost of the operation.A. withB. whichC. asD. about51.___ is not a serious disadvantage in life.A. To be not tallB. Not to be tallC. Being not tallD. Not being tall PartⅤ GRAMMAR & VOCABULARY [15 min] (2002)41. She did her work _________her manager had instructed.A. asB. untilC. WhenD. though42. _______ of the twins was arrested, because I saw both at a party last night.A. NoneB. BothC. NeitherD. All43. For some time now, world leaders _______ out the necessity for agreementon arms reduction.A. had been pointingB. have been pointingC. were pointingD. pointed44. Have you ever been in a situation______ you know the other person is right yet you cannot agree with him?A. by whichB. thatC. in whereD. where45. We’ve just installed two air-conditions in out apartment, _______should make great differences in our life next summer.A. WhichB. WhatC. thatD. they46.AID is said _________ the number-one killer of both men and womenover the past few years in that region.A. beingB. to beC. to have beenD. having been47. She managed to save ______ she could out of her wages to help her brother.A. how little moneyB. so little moneyC. such little moneyD. what little money48. Fool ____ Jane is, she could not have done such a thing.A. whoB. asC. thatD. like49. The experiment requires more money than _____.A. have been put inB. being put inC. has been put inD. to be put in50._______ for the fact that she broke her leg, she might have passedthe exam.A. Had it not beenB. Hadn ’t it beenC. Was it notD. Were it not51. “ What courses are you going to do next semester?”“ I don’t know. But its about time _______ on something.”A. I ’d decideB. I decidedC. I decideD. I ’m deciding PartⅤGRAMMAR & VOCABULARY［15 MIN.］(2003)41.Agriculture is the country ’s chief source of wealth, wheat ____ by far thebiggest cereal crop.42.Jack ____from home for two days now, and I am beginning to worry abouthis safety.A. has been missingB. has been missedC. had been missingD. was missed43.Above the trees are the hills, ____ magnificence the river faithfullyreflects on the surface.A. whereB. of whoseC. whoseD. which44. Who____ was coming to see me in my office this afternoon?A. you saidB. did you sayC. did you say thatD. you did say45.—Does Alan like hamburgers?—Yes. So much ____ that he eats them almost every day.A. forB. asC. toD. so46. Your ideas, ____, seem unusual to me.A. like herB. like hersC. similar to herD. similar to herself47. The opening ceremony is a great occasion. It is essential ____for that.A. for us to be preparedB. that we are preparedC. of us to be preparedD. our being prepared48. Time ____, the celebration will be held as scheduled.A. permitB. permittingC. permittedD. permits49. ____ I like economics, I like sociology much better.A. As mush asB. So muchC. How muchD. Much as50. It is futile to discuss the matter further,because ____going to agree upon anything today.A. neither you nor I areB. neither you nor me isC. neither you nor I amD. neither me nor you are51.They overcame all the difficulties and completed the project two monthsahead of time, ____ is something we had not expected.52.He is quite worn out from years of hard work. He is not the man ____he was twenty years ago.A. which B .that C. who D .whom53. She would have been more agreeable if she had changed a little bit, ____?A. hadn’t sheB. hasn’t sheC. wouldn’t sheD. didn ’t she54.At three thousand feet, wide plains begin to appear, and there is nevera moment when some distant mountain is not ____.A. on viewB. at a glanceC. on the sceneD. in sight PartⅤ GRAMMAR AND VOCABULARY［15 MIN.］(2004)trumpet player was certainly loud. But I wasn’t by his lack of talent.A. so much asB. rather than, I ’ll marry him all the same.A. Was he rich or poorB. Whether rich or poorC. Were he rich or poorD. Be he rich or poor botheredC. asby his loudness ____ D.thangovernment has promised to do ____ lies in its power to ease the hardships of the victims in the flood-stricken area.A. howeverB. whicheverC. whateverD. whereverif I had arrived yesterday without letting you know beforehand?A. Would you be surprisedB. Were you surprisedC. Had you been surprisedD. Would you have been surprisednot ____ with the respect he feels due to him, Jack gets very ill-tempered and grumbles all the time.A. being treatedB. treatedC. be treatedD. having been treatedis imperative that students ____ their term papers on time.A. hand inB. would hand inC. have to hand inD. handed inless the surface of the ground yields to the weight of a fully-loaded truck, ____ to the truck.A. the greater stress is C. the stress is greaterB. greater is the stress D. the greater the stressMinister of Finance is believed ____ of imposing new taxes to raise extrarevenue.A. that he is thinkingB. to be thinkingC. that he is to thinkD. to thinkof price, place, promotion, and product are ____ conventional concerns inplanning marketing strategies.A. these of the mostB. most of thoseC. among the mostD. among the many ofboth sides accept the agreement ____ a lasting peace be established in thisregion.A. Only if, willB. If only, wouldC. Should, willD. Unless, wouldWells, together with all the members of his family, ____ for Europe thisafternoon.A. are to leaveB. are leavingC. is leavingD. leavePART IV GRAMMAR & VOCABULARY（2005）51. If you explained the situation to your solicitor,he ________ able to advise you much better than I can.A. would beB. will have beenC. wasD. were52. _________, Mr. Wells is scarcely in sympathy with the working class.A. Although he is a socialistB. Even if he is a socialistC. Being a socialistD. Since he is a socialist53. His remarks were ________ annoy everybody at the meeting.A. so as toB. such as toC. such toD. as much as to54. James has just arrived, but I didn’t know he _________ until yesterday.A. will comeB. was comingC. had been comingD. came55. _________ conscious of my moral obligations as a citizen.A. I was and always will beB. I have to be and always will beC. I had been and always will beD. I have been and always will be56.Because fuel supplies are finite and many people are wasteful, we willhaveto install _________ solar heating device in our home.A. some type ofB. some types of aC. some type of aD. some types of57.I went there in 1984, and that was the only occasion when I ________ thejourney in exactly two days.A. must takeB. must have madeC. was able to makeD. could make58. I know he failed his last test, but really he’s _________ stupid.A. something butB. anything butC. nothing butD. not but59. Do you know Tim’s brother? He is _________ than Tim.A. much more sportsmanB. more of a sportsmanC. more of sportsmanD. more a sportsman60. That was not the first time he________ us. I think it’s high time we ________ strong actions against him.A. betrayed⋯takeB. had betrayed⋯tookC. has betrayed⋯tookD. has betrayed⋯take61. What ’s the chance of ________ a general election this year?A. there beingB. there to beC. there beD. there going to be62. The meeting was put off because we __________ a meeting without John.A. objected havingB. were objected to havingC. objected to haveD. objected to having63.________ you _______ further problems with your printer, contactyour dealer for advice.A. If, hadB. Have, hadC. Should, haveD. In case，had64.He asked me to lend him some money, which I agreed to do, ________ thathe paid me back the following week.A. on occasionB. on purposeC. on conditionD. only if65. Children who stay away from school do ________ for different reasons.A. themB. /C. itD. theirs66.–Why are you staring?–I ’ve n ever seen ______tree before.A. kind ofB. that kind ofC. such kindD. suchPART IV GRAMMAR & VOCABULARY [15 MIN] (2006)51. __dull he may be, he is certainly a very successful top executive.A AlthoughB whateverC AsD However52. If only I __play the guitar as well as you!A wouldB couldC shouldD might53. The party, __I was the guest of honor, was extremely enjoyable.A by whichB for whichC to whichD at which54 It ’s high time we __ cut ting down the rain-forests.A stoppedB had to stopC shall stopD stop55 The student said there were a few points in the essay he __ impossible to comprehend.A has foundB was findingC had foundD would find56 Loudspeakers were fixed in the hall so that everyone__ an opportunity tohear the speech.A ought to haveB must haveC may haveD should have57 I am surprised__ this city is a dull place to live in.A that you should thinkB by what you are thinkingC that you would thinkD with what you were thinking58 Susan is very hardworking, but her pay is not__ for her work.A enough goodB good enoughC as good enoughD good as enough59 It is imperative that the government __ more investment into the shipbuilding industry.A attractsB shall attractC attractD has to60 Land belongs to the city; there is __ thing as private ownership of land.A no such aB not suchC not such aD no such61 My daughter has walked eight miles today. We never guessed that she couldwalk __ far.A /B suchC thatD as6２ The statistics __ that living standards in the area have improveddrastically in recent times.A provesB is provingC are provingD prove63 There are only ten apples left in the baskets, __ the spoilt ones.A not countingB not to countC don’t countD having not counted64 It was __ we had hopedA more a success thanB a success more thanC as much of a success asD a success as much as 65There used to be a petrol station near the park, __?A didn ’t itB doesn’t thereC usedn’t it?D didn ’t there PART IV GRAMMER &VOCABULARY [15MIN] (2007)51. There are as good fish in the sea _____ever came out of it .the President ’s Men ______one of the important books for historians who studythe Watergate Scandal.remaining53. ’You ______ borrow my notes provided you take care of them,’I told my friend.only the patient ______a different treatment instead of using the antibiotics,he might still be alive now.received receive receivingwas _____the experiment a month ago, but she changed her mind at the last minute .A. to start have started be starting have been starting_____fifty or so when I first met her at the conference.A. must be been be have beenmakes the book difficultis not ______much the language as the background thatto understand.comminttee has anticipated the problems that ________in the road construction project.arise arisenstudent said there were a few points in the essay he _______impossible tocomprehend.found found findwould have finished his college education,but he _______to quit and find ajob to support his family.had haveresearch requires more money than ________.been put in been put in put in be put inposes a terrible threat to the human race. Yet it is probably ________a threat to the human race than environmental destruction.A. no more more more moreis not uncommon for there _______problems of communication between the oldand the young.be bein his way, the situation does not seem so desperate.looked lookis absolutely essential that William ________his study in spite of somelearning difficulties.continuePART IV GRAMMAR & VOCABULARY [15 MIN] (2008)51.Our association, which has consistently pressed for greater employmentopportunities for the disabled, will publish ____ proposals in the near future.A. theirB. ourC. HisD. its52.Had Judy been more careful on the maths exam, she ____ much better resultsnow.A. would be gettingB. could have gotC. must getD. would get53.Nine is to three _____ three is to one.A. whenB. thatC. whichD. what54.Men differ from animals ____ they can think and speak.A. for whichB. for thatC. in thatD. in which55.____ he wanted to go out with his friends at the weekend, he had to staybehind to finish his assignment.56.I enjoyed myself so much ____ I visited my friends in Paris last year.A. whenB. whichC. thatD. where57.Which of the following is INCORRECT?A. All his lectures were boring. C.Her few friends are all fond of dancing.B. Half his money was gone. D.He invited many his friends to the party.58.When you have finished with that book, don't forget to put it back onmy desk, _____?59.What does "He wisely refused to spend his money" mean?A. It was wise of him to refuse to spend his money.B. He refused to spend his money in a wise manner.C. He was short of money and didn't want to buy anything.D. He refused, in a wise manner, to spend his money.60.They stood chatting together as easily and naturally as ____.A. it could beB. could beC. it wasD. was61. The following are all correct responses to "Who told the news to the teacher?" EXCEPTA. Jim did this.B. Jim did so.C. Jim did that.D. Jim did.62.Quality is ____ counts most. A.which B. that C. what D. where63. In his plays Shakespeare _____ his characters live through their language.A. would makeB. had madeC. madeD. makes64.The square itself is five hundred yards wide, five times ____ the sizeof St. Peter's in Rome.65.Which of the following sentences expresses "probability"?A. You must leave immediately.B. You must be feeling rather tired.C. You must be here by eight o'clock.D. You must complete the reading assignment on time.PART IV GRAMMAR & VOCABULARY [15 MIN] (2009)51. What a nice day! How about the three of us _____ a walk in the park nearby?A. to takeB. takeC. takingD. to be taking52. If there were no subjunctive mood, English _____ much easier to learn.A. could have beenB. would’ beC. will beD. would have been53.She _____ fifty or so when I first met her at a conference.A.had beenB. must beC. has beenD. must have been54._____ the boss says, it is unreasonable to ask me to work overtime without pay.A.WhateverB. WheneverC. WhicheverD. However55.A new laptop costs about _____ of a second-hand one.A.the price of three timesB. three times the priceC. as much as the three times priceD. three times more than the price56. I was very interested in _____ she told me.A. all thatB. all whichC. all whatD. that57. Weconsider ______ he should have left without telling anyone beforehand.A. strange whyB. it strange whatC. it strange thatD. that strange58. It is going to be fine tomorrow. _______.A. So is it.B. So it is.C. So it does.D. So does it.59. Little_____ about her own safety, though she herself was in great danger.A. she caredB. she may careC. may she careD. did she care60.The couple had no sooner got to the station _____ the coach left.A.whenB. asC. untilD. than61.Aren't you tired? I ____ you had done enough for today.A.should have thoughtB. must have thoughtC. might have thoughtD. could have thought62."It seems that she was there at the conference." The sentence means thatA.she seems to be there at the conference.B.she seemed to be there at the conference.C.she seems to have been there at the conference.D.she seemed to being there at the conference.63. Which of the following adverbs can NOTbe used to complete " _____ everybody came"?A. NearlyB. QuiteC. PracticallyD. Almost64.In "How much do you think he earns?" how much is ______ of the sentence.A. the subjectB. the adverbialC. the objectD. the complement65. "The manpreparing the documents is the firm's lawyer" has all the following possible meanings EXCEPTA. the man who has prepared the documents...B. the man who has been preparing the documents...C. the man who is preparing the documents...D. the man who will prepare the documents...1997: 41-45 CBADC 46-50 BDCAB 51-52 CB1998: 41-45 ADBAC 46-50 ACACB 51-53 CAD1999: 41-45 CCCAC 46-50 AAABC 51-52 BA2000:41-45 ABADC 46-50 ABACD 51A2001: 41-45 CDDBA 46-50 CAABC51 D2002: 41-45 ACBBA 46-50 CDBCA51 B2003: 41-45 DACBD 46-50 BABDC51-54 ABCD2004: 41-45 ADCDB 46-50 ADBCA 51C2005: 51-55 AABBD 56-60 ACBBC 61-65 ADCCD 66 B2006: 51-55 DBDAC 56-60 CABCD 61-65 CDACD2007: 51-55 CBAAB 56-60 DCDAC 61-65 BBDBC2008:51-55 DBDCB 56-60 CDCDB 61-65 ACDAB2009:51-55CBDAB 56-60 ACADD 60-61ACBCD201051.Which of the following italicized phrases indicates CAUSE?A.Why don't you do it for the sake of your friends?B.I wish I could write as well as you.C.For all his efforts, he didn't get an A.D. Her eyes were red from excessive reading.52.Nancy's gone to work but her car's still there. She ____ by bus.A. must have goneB. should have goneC. ought to have goneD. could have gone53. He feels that he is not yet ____ to travel abroad.A. too strongB. enough strongC. so strongD. strong enough54.After____ seemed an endless wait, it was his turn to enter the personnelmanager's office.55. Fool ____ Jerry is, he could not have done such a thing.56.Which of the following sentences is INCORRECT?A.They each have two tickets.B.They cost twenty yuan each.C. Each they have bought the same book.D. They were given two magazines each.57. She seldom goes to the theatre, _____?A. doesn't sheB. does sheC. would sheD. wouldn't she58. Dr Johnson is head of the department, ____ an expert in translation.A. orB. eitherC. butD. and59. When one has good health, _____ should feel fortunate.A. youB. theyC. heD. we60. It is necessary that he ____ the assignment without delay.A. hand inB. hands inC. must hand inD. has to hand in61. In the sentence "It's no use waiting for her", the italicized phrase is)____.A. the objectB. an adverbialC. a complementD. the subject62. Which of the following sentences is INCORRECT?。
[考研类试卷]英语专业（语言学）历年真题试卷汇编25.doc
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[考研类试卷]英语专业（语言学）历年真题试卷汇编25.doc[考研类试卷]英语专业（语言学）历年真题试卷汇编25一、填空题1 There has been a maxim in______which claims that "You are what you say". (中山大学2008研)2 The theory of conversational implicature was proposed by______. (中山大学2008研)3 ______were sentences that did not state a fact or describe a state, and were not verifiable.4 In making conversation, the general principle that all participants are expected to observe is called the______principle proposed by J. Grice.5 In Austin's How to Do Things with word, he first distinguishes performativesand______, later on Austin made a flesh start to distinguish ______,______and perlocutionary act.二、单项选择题6 The speech act theory was developed by______. (对外经贸2006研)（A）John Searle（B）John Austin（C）Levinson（D）G. Leech7 ______is using a sentence to perform a function. (西安外国语学院2006研)（A）Perlocutionary act（B）An illocutionary act（C）A locutionary act（D）Speech act8 By saying "You have left the door wide open", a speaker might be performing the three acts: locutionary, illocutionary and perlocutionary______. (西安交通大学2008研)（A）at the same time（B）one after another（C）two first and then the other（D）one first and then the other two9 The Illocutionary Act was developed by______. (西安交通大学2008研)（A）John Austin（B）Levinson（C）John Lyons（D）John Searle10 According to the conversation maxim of______suggested by Grice, one should speak truthfully. (西安外国语学院2006研) （A）quantity（B）quality（C）relevance（D）manner11 Which of the following is NOT one of the four maxims of the Cooperative Principle? (对外经济贸易大学2006研) （A）the maxim of quantity（B）the maxim of quality（C）the maxim of manner（D）the maxim of strength12 Four categories of Maxims in Grice's Cooperative Principle include all the following except______.(大连外国语学院2008研) （A）Manner（B）Relation（C）Qualification三、简答题13 What are the major concerns of pragmatics? (人大2006研)14 How would you describe this short exchange in terms of the ardors performed by the speakers?Motorist: My car needs new exhaust system.Mechanic: I'll be busy with this other car all day. (浙江大学2005研)15 What are the four maxims of the co-operative principle? Which maxim does this speaker seem to be particularly careful about; "Well, to be quite honest, I don't think she is ill today." (北二外2010研；上海交大2006研)16 Conversational implicature is comparable to illocutionary force in speech act theoryin that they are both concerned with the contextual side of meaning, or 言外之意 Chinese. (中山大学2005研)17 Decide which maxim of the cooperative principle has been flouted in the following utterances and what implicature can be drawn. (厦门大学2006研)(1) A: Can you tell me the secret? B: But John is there.(2) A: Let's go to the movies. B: I'll bring the Kleenex.(3) A: Would you drive a Mercedes?B: I wouldn't drive ANY expensive car.18 What's conversational implicature? (西安交大2008研)19 Analyze the following dialogue with reference to Grice's Cooperative Principle: (北二外2007研)A: Where is X?B: He's gone to the market. He said so where he left.20 In what ways do people cooperate in their conversations? (人大2006研)21 What is your understanding of Relevance Theory? (南开大学2009研)22 Do you think B is cooperative in the following dialogue? Support your argument with Cooperative Principle. (南开大学2004研)A: When is the bus coming?B: There has been an accident further up the road.四、名词解释23 Locutionary Act, Illocutinary Act and Perlocutionary Act(北航2010研；北交大2005研)24 Performatives(中山大学2008研)25 Conversational implicature (川大2010研；武汉大学2004研；北京交通大学2007研)26 Cooperative principle (北二外2010研；北京师范大学2003研)27 Violation of maxims (北交大2006研)28 Applied linguistics(中山大学201 1年研)五、举例说明题29 When a teacher says "It's so hot in here." during a class, what does she probably mean? Refer to the theory of pragmatics when you analyze the situation. (人大2002研)30 A speech act consists of three related acts according to J. L. Austin's Speech Act theory. What are they? Analyze the following conversation in the light of Speech Act theory. (北航2008研)Customer: Waiter! There's a fly in my soup.Waiter: Don' t worry, there's no extra charge.31 Imagine you were at a bus stop and two people approached you one after the other. The first said:“哎，几点了?”and the second said:“不好意思，打搅一下，请问您戴表了吗?”What assumptions would you make if you were addressed in these two ways and why would you make them? (北外2007研)32 Discuss the following advertisemen t extensively: “你不理财，财不理你”. (浙江大学2007研)33 What kind of linguistic phenomenon can you identify in the following dialogue? Define, analize and explain the phenomenon. (北外2010研)甲：上车请买票。
英语专业导论试题及答案
英语专业导论试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. 英语专业学生需要掌握的最基本的语言技能是：A. 阅读B. 写作C. 听力D. 口语答案：D2. 英语专业的核心课程之一是：A. 英语文学B. 英语翻译C. 商务英语D. 计算机科学答案：A3. 英语专业学生通常需要通过的英语水平考试是：A. TOEFLB. IELTSC. GRED. TEM-4答案：D4. 英语专业学生在学术研究中经常使用的数据库是：A. JSTORB. PubMedC. IEEE XploreD. ScienceDirect答案：A5. 英语专业学生在进行文学分析时，通常需要参考的文学理论包括：A. 马克思主义B. 女性主义C. 后殖民主义D. 所有以上选项答案：D6. 英语专业学生在进行跨文化交际学习时，需要了解的内容包括：A. 语言差异B. 文化习俗C. 社会规范D. 所有以上选项答案：D7. 英语专业学生在进行口译训练时，需要掌握的技能包括：A. 笔记技巧B. 同声传译C. 交替传译D. 所有以上选项答案：D8. 英语专业学生在进行写作训练时，通常需要遵循的写作原则包括：A. 清晰性B. 连贯性C. 逻辑性D. 所有以上选项答案：D9. 英语专业学生在进行翻译实践时，需要遵循的原则包括：A. 忠实性B. 通顺性C. 文化适应性D. 所有以上选项答案：D10. 英语专业学生在进行学术写作时，通常需要遵循的格式包括：A. MLAB. APAC. ChicagoD. 所有以上选项答案：D二、填空题（每空1分，共10分）11. 英语专业学生在进行文学研究时，经常使用的分析方法是________。
答案：文本分析12. 英语专业学生在进行语言教学时，常用的教学法包括________。
答案：交际法13. 英语专业学生在进行学术写作时，需要遵循的引用标准是________。
答案：MLA或APA14. 英语专业学生在进行口译训练时，需要掌握的口译类型包括________。
英语专业八级历年写作真题（TEM-8）
英语专业八级历年写作真题（TEM-8）哈尔滨李海斌1 / 7英语专业八级历年写作真题(TEM-8)2017年The following are two excerpts about job hopping. Read the two excerpts carefully and write an article of NO LESS THAN 300 WORDS, in which you should:1 summarize the main arguments in the two excerpts, and then2 express your opinion towards job hopping, especially on whether job hopping would benefit your career development You can support yourself with information the excerpts.Marks will be awarded for content relevance, content sufficiency, organization and language quality. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks.Excerpt 1The Pros of Job HoppingUntil recently, job hopping was considered career suicide. But things has changed. As job longevity becomes a thing of the past, employers and recruiters are beginning to have a different outlook on job hopping.According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, the average number of years that U.S. workers have been with their current employer is 4.6. Tenure of young employees (ages 20 to 34) is only half that (2.3 years).As it turns out, job hopping can be extremely advantageous for certain types of people—if they do it for the right reasons, says Laurie Lopez, a partner and senior general manager in the IT contracts division at Winter Wyman. “For those in technology,for example, it allows them the opportunity to gain valuable technical knowledge in different environments and cultures. This can be more common for those specializing in IT. In order to keep their skills fresh, it is necessary for technologists to remain current in a highly competitive market. Job hopping is more common with employees that are less tenured, and feel confident in their skills to be able to move on and can add value immediately in a new opportunity. With employers being mo re open to hiring job hoppers, we expect the trend to continue.”Excerpt 2Job hopping becomes more difficult as employers seek solid credentials Amid a slow down in the country’s economic growth, the good times for job hoppers might be coming to an end, said Angel Lam, associate director of commerce and finance, human resources, supply chain and operation businesses of Robert Walters.Job hoppers are those who frequently change jobs in a two-year span, according to global recruitment consultancy Robert Walters.Employers started to shun the job hoppers in 2012, and the trend became more apparent in 2013 and this year.“About 90 percent of our clients will simpl y reject the candidate if they find traces indicating job hopping in the resumes. They wouldn’t even give an interview,” she said.The usual time span for candidates to change a job should be between four to six years, especially for middle to senior management candidates, as they have to demonstrate progress to their employers over this period of time, according Lam.Usually, the candidate will adapt to all the changes in the job in the first year, make some fine tuning in the second year, speedup his or her progress in the third year and start to seek more stable development in the ensuing years. Only in this way can the employee improve adaptability, gain persistence and grasp basic skills required for the job, Lam said.2016年The following two excerpts are about Ice Bucket Challenge, an activity initiated to raise money and awareness for the disease ALS(渐冻症). From the excerpts, you can find that the activity seems to have achieved much success, but there has also been doubt and criticism.Write your response in about 300 words, in which you should:1 summarize the development of the ice bucket challenge activity, and then2 express your opinion towards the activity, especially whether the problems found with this kind of activity will finally undermine its original purpose.。
英语专业(语言学)历年真题试卷汇编13
英语专业（语言学）历年真题试卷汇编13(总分：50.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、填空题(总题数：4，分数：8.00)1.Such errors as "teached" and "womans" are caused by 1.（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：正确答案：second language learners）解析：解析：（这些错误一般是第二语言习得者犯的。
)2. 1is a method of foreign or second language teaching which makes use of translation and grammar study as the main teaching and learning activities.（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：正确答案：Grammar-translation Method）解析：解析：（语法翻译法即在外语教学中主要运用翻译和语法学习为教学活动的方法。
)3. 1 is a grammar-based language teaching method in which principles of grammatical and lexical gradation are used and new teaching points presented and practiced through situations.（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：正确答案：Situational language teaching）解析：解析：（情景教学法基于语法的教学方法，强调在情境中呈现语法规则和词汇级别等教学点。
) 4.There are three principles of language testing: 1, 2and 3.（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：正确答案：Validity：reliability；practicality）解析：解析：（语言测试的三个原则：效度原则、信度原则及实用性原则。
英语专业（语言学）历年真题试卷汇编5
英语专业（语言学）历年真题试卷汇编5英语专业（语言学）历年真题试卷汇编5(总分：44.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、简答题(总题数：16，分数：44.00)Please disambiguate the following 5 sentences, using the tree-diagram, or any other means that you think is appropriate.（北京交通大学2007研)（分数：10.00）(1).Jane showed her baby pictures.（分数：2.00）________________________________________________________________ __________________________正确答案：()解析：(2).The old man is drinking in the air.（分数：2.00）________________________________________________________________ __________________________ 正确答案：(正确答案：a.(VP drinking in)(NP the air)b.(VP drinking(PP in the air)))解析：(3).We need more realistic officials to handle the economy.（分数：2.00）________________________________________________________________ __________________________正确答案：()解析：(4).We are sweeping the ground cigarettes on the street.（分数：2.00）________________________________________________________________ __________________________ 正确答案：(正确答案：a.(VP sweeping(NP the ground cigarettes(PP on the street)))b.(vp sweeping(NP the ground cigarettes)(pp on the street)))(5).Tom exchanged the money and fell around the corner.（分数：2.00）________________________________________________________________ __________________________ 正确答案：(正确答案：a.(Vp exchanged the money)and(Vp fell around the corner)b.(VP exchanged the money and fell)(PP around the corner))解析：1.What is Halliday"s idea on the relationship between the functions performed by language and its structures?（分数：2.00）________________________________________________________________ __________________________ 正确答案：(正确答案：In Halliday"s point of view, there are three general functions of language: ideational(which is subdivided into experiential and logical), interpersonal and textual. And they are related to the three grammatical systems; transitivity, mood and theme. Specifically, the ideational function is realized as the transitivity system in the clause as a representation of experience, in which there are six processes; material, mental, relational, behavioral, verbal and existential. Actor, the so-called logical subject, is an important participant in the material process. The interpersonal function is realized as the mood system in the clause as an exchange, which is divided into the two major parts of Mood and Reside. And Subject is one of the two parts of Mood, the other part being the finite verbal operator. The textual function is realized as the thematic structure of the clause as a message. The two main constituents here are theme and rheme, the former being the point of departure of the message, or the concern of the clause, while the latter is the part in which the theme is developed.)2.What are deep and surface structures?（分数：2.00）________________________________________________________________ __________________________ 正确答案：(正确答案：Deep structure is a central theoretical term in generative grammar opposed to surface structure. It is the abstract syntactic representation of a sentence—an underlying level of structural organization which specific all the factors governing the way the sentence should be interpreted. Surface structure is a central theoretical term in generative grammar, opposed to deep structure. It is the final stage in the syntactic representation of a sentence, which provides the input to the phonological component of the grammar, and which thus most closely corresponds to the structure we articulate and hear.)解析：3.In the following three sentences, the particle "up" stays in different positions, i. e. immediately after the verb; in between the noun phrase and the relative clause; and at the end of the sentence. Can you formulate a syntactic rule to explain the position changes of the particle?(1)She stood up the man who offered her a diamond.(2)She stood the man up who offered her a diamond.(3)She stood the man who offered her a diamond up.（南开大学2010研)（分数：2.00）________________________________________________________________ __________________________ 正确答案：(正确答案：According to chomsky"s Generative and Functional Grammar, there is an underlying representation for any sentence. Then the underlying form is transformed into the surface form through sometransformational rules. The same underlyilyng form may result in different surface representation by undertaking different operation. Sometimes, the same surface form is likely to be transformed from different deep structure because of various movement. "Stand sb. up" means that sb. fails to show up in a date though he has promised to appear, and let the other wait for him in vain. The underlying form of the above three sentences have the same underlying form, that is " She stood the man up who offered her a diamond". The reason why they finally have the different form is that they have undertaken different operation. Because "up" is an adjunct in the three sentences, it is more convenient to put it since it will not change the property of the sentence. Therefore, finally we get the three kinds of surface forms. Sentence one, "up" is moved upward to the front of the man for the purpose of banlancing the sentence. Sentence two, "up" is moved upwards to the front of the attrubutive clause to the front of the attributive clause in order to achieve coherence. And the last sentence is the underlying form. Consequently, we can say that it is very flexible to position the adjunct in a sentence for various purposes.)解析：4.What is conceptual meaning? Try to distinguish it from any other types of meaning classified by Leech?（北二外2008研) （分数：2.00）________________________________________________________________ __________________________ 正确答案：(正确答案：According to Leech, conceptual meaning refers to the logical, cognitive or denotive content of the meaning of a word. It is concerned with the relationship between a word and the thing it refers to. Conceptual meaning overlaps to a large extent with the notionof reference. But the term "connotative" is used in daily conversation, refers to some additional, especially emotive, meaning. This type of meaning and the following four types, namely, social meaning, affective meaning , reflected meaning and collocative meaning, are collectively known as associative meaning in the sense that an elementary associationist theory of mental connections is enough to explain their use. The last type, thematic meaning, is more peripheral since it is only determined by the order of the words in a sentence and the different prominence they each receive.)5.Explain the notion of hyponym.（北二外2008研)（分数：2.00）________________________________________________________________ __________________________ 正确答案：(正确答案：A term which is subordinate to another in that its extension is contained in the extension of another, e. g. "lion" or "tiger" is a hyponym of "animal".)解析：6.How would you describe the oddness of the following sentences, using semantic features?（浙江大学2004研)(a)The television drank my water.(b)His dog writes poetry.（分数：2.00）________________________________________________________________ __________________________ 正确答案：(正确答案：(a)The verb drink represents a behavior of the animate beings, therefore, it is required that the subject of this verb should have a semantic feature as(+ ANIMATE), however, the word television, which is in position of subject, has an opposite feature:(- ANIMATE). That"s why such a collocation results in oddness. (b)The action of writing poetry is normally one which only human beings could do,therefore, the subject is required to have a semantic feature as(+ HUMAN); however, the word dog in the subject position is featured as(-HUMAN). Therefore, the sentence is odd.) 解析：What is one obvious presupposition of the speaker who says:（分数：4.00）(1).Where did he buy the beer?（分数：2.00）________________________________________________________________ __________________________ 正确答案：(正确答案：One obvious presupposition of the sentence "Where did he buy the beer" should be " He has some beer".)解析：(2).Your watch is broken.（上海交大2006研)（分数：2.00）________________________________________________________________ __________________________ 正确答案：(正确答案：One obvious presupposition of the sentence "Your watch is broken" should be "You have a watch".)解析：Tell the sense relation between a and b in each pair:（北二外2007研)（分数：4.00）(1).a. He no longer likes coffee. b. He liked coffee.（分数：2.00）________________________________________________________________ __________________________ 正确答案：(正确答案：a entails b) 解析：(2).a. Mary is working in China. b. Mary is working in Beijing.（分数：2.00）________________________________________________________________ __________________________ 正确答案：(正确答案：b presupposes a) 解析：7.In what way is componential analysis similar to the analysis of phonemes into distinctive features?（分数：2.00）________________________________________________________________ __________________________ 正确答案：(正确答案：In the light of componential analysis, the meaning of a word consists of a number of distinctive meaning features; the analysis breaks down the meaning of the word into these features, and it is these different features that distinguish word meaning similarly. A phoneme is considered a collection of distinctive sound features;a phoneme can be broken down into these distinctive sound features and it is these sound features that distinguish different sounds.)8.Are utterances, sentences, and propositions the same?（分数：2.00）________________________________________________________________ __________________________正确答案：(正确答案：No. These three terms are used to describe different levels of language. The most concrete is utterance which is created by speaking(or writing)a piece of language. Sentences, on the other hand, are abstract grammatical elements obtained from utterances. For example, an utterance has a tone, or perhaps some accent due to regional or social variation, and phonetic details which identify individual speakers, etc. But at the level of sentence, these kinds of information are ignored. Propositions are the result of a further abstraction of sentences, which are descriptions of states of affairs and which some writers see as a basic element of sentence meaning. For example , the two sentences " Caesar invaded Gaul" and " Gaul was invaded by Caesar" hold the same preposition.)解析：9.Do you think there are true synonyms in English? Why?（厦门大学2010研)（分数：2.00）________________________________________________________________ __________________________正确答案：(正确答案：Synonymy is the technical name for the sameness relation. It is used to mean sameness or close similarity of meaning. Total synonymy is rare. The so-called synonyms are all context dependent. They all differ in one way or another. When you consider the meaning of a word, you need to consider both its denotation and its connotation. The denotation is the primary, literal meaning of a word. The connotation is the suggested or implied meaning of a word. Connotations usually come from experience or associations. Seeing a word used repeatedly in certain contexts gives the word a different color than it gets in the dictionary. There are no real synonyms, because two or more words named synonyms are expected without exception to differ from one another in one of the following aspects: (1)in shade of meaning(finish, complete, close, conclude); (2)in stylistic meaning(father, dad); (3)in emotive(or affective)meaning(smart, crafty); (4)in range of use or collocative meaning(accuse, charge);(5)in British and American English usages(autumn, fall). For example, they may differ in style. In the context "Little T om______a toy bear" , here buy is more appropriate than purchase. Because purchase is more formal than buy.)解析：10.What are the major concerns of pragmatics?（人大2006研)（分数：2.00）________________________________________________________________ __________________________正确答案：(正确答案：Pragmatics is the study of the language in use. It is mainly about how speakers use language appropriately and effectively in accordance with a given context. It is concerned with the study of meaning as communicated by a speaker(or writer)and interpreted by a listener(or reader). It has more to do with participants of communication and context in which communication takes place. Hence the study of speaker meaning, that of contextual meaning, of what is unsaid but communicated.)解析：11.How would you describe this short exchange in terms of the ardors performed by the speakers?(浙江大学2005研)Motorist: My car needs new exhaust system. Mechanic: I"ll be busy with this other car all day.（分数：2.00）________________________________________________________________ __________________________正确答案：(正确答案：In the motorist"s utterance, there are two types of speech acts performed, namely representative and directive, and as to the latter one, it is recognized as an indirect speech act, which is performed through the performance of the former one. Thus, by stating that his car needs new exhaust system, the motorist has in fact asked the mechanic to equip a new exhaust system for him. Similarly, in the mechanic"s utterance, there are two types of speech acts performed; one is representative, the other commissive. The commissive speech act in fact is an indirect one since it is recognized through theperformance of representative action. That is to say, by stating that he will be busy with another car all day, the mechanic has in fact told the motorist that he could not repair his car right away.) 解析：12.Conversational implicature is comparable to illocutionary force in speech act theory in that they are both concerned with the contextual side of meaning, or " 言外之意" in Chinese.（中山大学2005研)（分数：2.00）________________________________________________________________ __________________________ 正确答案：(正确答案：We may summarize conversational implicature as a type of implied meaning. It could be inferred only by the dependence on the context of the utterance and shared knowledge between the speaker and listener. Illocutionary force, on other hand, refers to speaker"s meaning, contextual meaning , or extra meaning, that is, the meaning the speaker wants to convey in a specific context. By an illocutionary force, we can say "What does he mean by saying that?" In this sense, implica-ture is comparable to illocutionary force in speech act theory in that they are both concerned with the contextual side of meaning, or "言外之意" in Chinese.)解析：13.Decide which maxim of the cooperative principle has been flouted in the following utterances and what implicature can be drawn.（厦门大学2006研)(1)A: Can you tell me the secret? B: But John is there.(2)A: Let"s go to the movies. B: I"ll bring the Kleenex.(3)A: Would you drive a Mercedes? B: I wouldn"t drive ANY expensive car.（分数：2.00）________________________________________________________________ __________________________ 正确答案：(正确答案：In the exchanges, the maxim of relation has been flouted. As to instance(1), A will assume that if B is cooperative, his reply must be relevant in a different sense: I will not talk about my secret now because I do not want to let John know. In(2), the answer of B seems irrelevant to A"s utterance. By doing so, A will likely derive the implicature that B has accepted his suggestion , and is going to get prepared. In(3), by violating the maxim of relation, B intends to implicate that Mercedes is an expensive car and he would not drive a Mercedes.)解析：。
英语专业考试试题及答案
英语专业考试试题及答案一、词汇与语法（共20分）1. The word "flourish" is most similar in meaning to which of the following?A. ProsperB. WitherC. StagnateD. Perish答案：A2. Which sentence is grammatically correct?A. She has been studying English for three years.B. She has been studied English for three years.C. She had studied English for three years.D. She had been studied English for three years.答案：A二、阅读理解（共30分）阅读以下短文，然后回答问题。
Passage 1In recent years, the popularity of online education has surged. It offers flexibility and convenience, allowing students to learn at their own pace and from any location.3. What is the main idea of the passage?A. The drawbacks of online education.B. The benefits of online education.C. The challenges faced by traditional schools.D. The decline in the popularity of traditional schools.答案：B4. According to the passage, what is one advantage of online education?A. It is less expensive.B. It requires students to be present in a classroom.C. It provides a structured learning environment.D. It allows for flexibility and convenience.答案：DPassage 2The environmental impact of plastic waste is a growing concern worldwide. Many countries are implementing policies to reduce plastic use and promote recycling.5. What is the focus of the passage?A. The economic impact of plastic waste.B. The environmental impact of plastic waste.C. The technological advancements in plastic production.D. The history of plastic production.答案：B6. What action are countries taking in response to the issue mentioned in the passage?A. Increasing plastic production.B. Encouraging the use of plastic bags.C. Implementing policies to reduce plastic use.D. Ignoring the issue of plastic waste.答案：C三、完形填空（共20分）Read the following passage and fill in the blanks with the correct options.Passage 3The internet has transformed the way we communicate and access information. It has made our lives more convenient, but it has also brought about new challenges.7. The internet has _______ the way we communicate.A. simplifiedB. complicatedC. revolutionizedD. limited答案：C8. The passage suggests that the internet has both advantages and _______.A. opportunitiesB. disadvantagesC. benefitsD. drawbacks答案：D四、翻译（共15分）Translate the following sentences from English to Chinese.9. With the development of technology, robots are becoming more and more intelligent.答案：随着技术的发展，机器人变得越来越智能。
考研专业英语试题及答案
考研专业英语试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. The phrase "break a leg" is commonly used to mean ________.A. To cause someone to fallB. To wish someone good luckC. To cause a failureD. To cause a break in a performance答案：B2. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of academic writing?A. Formal languageB. Clear structureC. Personal opinionsD. Evidence-based arguments答案：C3. In the context of scientific research, "hypothesis" refers to a ________.A. Final conclusionB. Tentative explanationC. Unproven theoryD. Confirmed fact答案：B4. The term "sustainability" in environmental studies usually implies ________.A. The ability to be maintainedB. The ability to be soldC. The ability to be recycledD. The ability to be ignored答案：A5. The word "disseminate" in academic context means to________.A. Spread information or knowledgeB. Gather information or knowledgeC. Hide information or knowledgeD. Analyze information or knowledge答案：A6. Which of the following is the correct way to cite a book in APA format?A. Author, A. A. (Year). Title of the book. Publisher.B. Author, A. A. (Year). Title of the book. Journal.C. Author, A. A. (Year). Title of the book. Website.D. Author, A. A. (Year). Title of the book. Conference.答案：A7. In the field of economics, "opportunity cost" refers to________.A. The cost of the next best alternativeB. The cost of the best alternativeC. The cost of the worst alternativeD. The cost of the same alternative答案：A8. The phrase "pro bono" is used to describe ________.A. Legal services provided at no costB. Legal services provided for free to friendsC. Legal services provided for a reduced feeD. Legal services provided for a profit答案：A9. In the context of literature, "allegory" is a narrative technique that ________.A. Describes a real eventB. Tells a story with a hidden meaningC. Is based on a true storyD. Is a personal account答案：B10. The term "peer review" in academic publishing refers to the process of ________.A. Reviewing by the general publicB. Reviewing by the author's peersC. Reviewing by the author's studentsD. Reviewing by the author's colleagues答案：B二、填空题（每题2分，共20分）1. The ________ of a scientific paper typically includes the research question, hypothesis, and methodology.答案：abstract2. In a research study, the ________ is the group that receives the standard treatment or no treatment at all.答案：control group3. The ________ is the process of systematically collecting and analyzing data to answer a research question.答案：research methodology4. A ________ is a type of literature review that synthesizes findings from multiple studies on a topic.答案：meta-analysis5. The ________ is the part of a research paper where the writer discusses the implications of the findings.答案：discussion6. In statistics, the ________ is a measure of the extent to which two variables are linearly related.答案：correlation coefficient7. ________ is the process of making a formal request for permission to use someone else's work.答案：copyright clearance8. A ________ is a formal statement of a problem or question that is to be solved or answered.答案：research problem9. In a research study, the ________ is the group that receives the treatment or intervention being tested.答案：experimental group10. ________ is the process of evaluating the quality of a research study based on established criteria.答案：methodological critique三、简答题（每题10分，共30分）1. Explain the difference between qualitative andquantitative research methods.答案：Qualitative research methods focus on understanding social phenomena through non-numerical data, such as interviews, observations, and documents. It aims to explore and describe complex social behaviors and experiences. On the other hand, quantitative research methods involve collecting numerical data and using statistical techniques to test hypotheses and make generalizations. It aims to measure and quantify relationships between variables.2. What is the significance of a literature review in a research paper?答案：A literature review in a research paper is significant because it provides a comprehensive overview of existing knowledge on a topic. It helps to establish the context of the research, identifies gaps in the。
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第七题，两个笑话，要用语言学术语分析它们为什么可笑。(1)baby pig
-—piglet
然示baby toy应该是？toilet has asked me for a loan of five pouds.Should I be doing right in len ding it to him?B:Certai nly.A: Why?
B: Because otherwise he would try to borrow it from me.这
第四题，简答题，给了5个新闻标题，要我们分析，what rules are there when we write elliptical English newspaper headlines?(1) 3 Arrested in New Orleans
Hospital(2)Blast Kills 53 in Iraq Holy city(3)Missio n Applauded as
第一题，与去年相同，依然是术语区分l.fricative vs. affricate2.meronymy vs. hyponymy
3.positive face vs. negative face 4.sense vs. reference
相比Z下，今年该题偏简单，第一个不清楚，后三个都是很基木的概念，平时复习注意总 结，结合例了用自己的语言表达出来即可。
2014年人民大学真题|叫忆版
1.基础英语：
单选：20个，不考语法，考词汇。几乎全为近义词、形近词或音近词辨析。建议 重点记专八单词和GRE单词（一定要记单词！！ ！我最失误就在单词上！）
完型：只记得儿个关键词：熊猫、竹子、生物学研究，我找到美国Science Daily上的一篇文 章：Giant panda genome reveals new in sights into the bear's bamboo diet・原文前三段女口下:
个我实在。。。。
第丿I题，Charterizing learners' English peoficiercy often calls for a meticulous an alysis of their output, writte n or spoke n, in terms of accuracy, complexity, fluency, and idiomaticity. How can the four items be measured spec讦ically?
Shuttle Returns
(4)U.S. at odds with Allies on Mideast Conflicts
(5)0ptimism on Both Sides of Gay-marriage Debate然后再为今夭的考试
写一个新闻标题
第五题，简答题。irre呂ulat verbsngo""come",their past-tense are "went""came".再举 出两个这样的例了，然后总结它们的共同特征。并从这些特征研究英语构词法。
The team hassuccessfully sequeneed the panda genome for the first time and now, the geneticinsights gleaned from the work may aid conservation efforts for the endangeredspecies・Giant pandasare known for their bamboo diet but the researchers discovered that the animalactually lacks the genes necessary for compete digestion of this staple foodsource.
A Chin ese-ledteam including in ter natio nal researchers with a scie ntist from CardiffU niversity，has shed new light on some of the giant panda's unusual biologicaltraits, including its famously restricted diet
第二题，依然是二分法
1.inter natio nalizati on
2.The weather in Chicago today is no good for watching cridket.
第三题，选择，要求找出四个选项屮与其他三个选项不同的那个选项，并用一句话解释，共10道题，每题3分，该题大部分部是刘新仁那木语言学第二、第三章的内容，语音，重读， 因索，词类，构词法基本齐一题。另外还考了一道semantic relation,这个基木近儿年每年 都考，这个是重点，也容易理解，这几分一定得拿到手，因为基木上没人失分。最后一道是 语用学里的，Speech act theory.
江南大学英语语言文学宾题冋忆版 基础英语，词汇部分，有不是专八单词的部分，有点难，修辞，今年貌似没书上原题，比较 简单，改错，专八难度，无选项填空考的是一篇关于命令下达方式的不太难。阅读，题量很 大，3篇10问，不太能真接找到答案，要总结，作文给了马克吐温的一句话写自己的看法。 翻译写作，英翻汉两篇，第一篇关于哲学，第二篇叙事，不太难，个别单词比较难。汉翻英， 考了荷塘月色，还有屮国经济可持续发展，发展方式之类的，没有考参考书上的。总Z时间 很紧。南京大学英语语言学2013考研真题冋忆