企业能耗在线监测系统的设计与实现

硕士专业学位论文

企业能耗在线监测系统的设计与实现

Design and Implementation of the Online Monitoring System of Enterprise Energy Consumption

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北京交通大学

2023年3月

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学校代码：10004 密级：公开北京交通大学

硕士专业学位论文

企业能耗在线监测系统的设计与实现Design and Implementation of the Online Monitoring System of

Enterprise Energy Consumption

作者姓名：×××学号：×××

导师姓名：×××职称：×××

工程硕士专业领域：软件工程学位级别：硕士

北京交通大学

2023年3月

摘要

企业如想进行有效的节能减排，首先必须要对自身能耗的用量、能耗的结构、能源的流向，进行全面准确的监测。传统企业的能源管理，能耗监测工作，通常是通过各类仪器仪表对能源消耗进行计量，并派专人前往现场对此类仪器仪表进行维护，通过仪器仪表的读数，现场手工抄取计量监测数据。接着根据企业的生产结构逐级进行统计，并形成复杂的报表。部分在能耗监测和能源管理方面做得较好的企业，则投入大量资金，购买基于昂贵的实时数据库产品的DCS、SCADA 等工业领域的专用软件系统。然而在此类软件系统中，能耗本身往往不是关注的重点，且软件技术的应用考虑到稳定性，大多为较传统的技术，维护与升级的成本相对较高。随着近年互联网IT技术的飞速发展，高性能、分布式的大数据存储、处理、搜索技术日益成熟，这些IT技术的发展往往形成拥有大量活跃参与者的开源社区，为整个IT领域的技术创新与应用提供了强有力的支持。

通过对传统能耗监测软件系统的研究与分析，发现此类系统的主要技术特点是，实现对海量工业采集数据的存储、查询、计算，并给予时间序列数据的特性进行了大量优化。其业务特点是，不同行业企业的生产结构，能耗设备有很强的专业性，差异巨大。通过国内外主流产品的对比，可以发现，国外一线厂商如施耐德、Wonderware的最新产品，在保持其解决方案专业性的同时，也越来越多的考虑产品在灵活性、交互性、数据可视化分析等方面的提升。该系统尝试通过对目前主流大数据处理、互联网前端技术的研究及集成，以代替传统的实时数据库与工业组态软件产品。通过对企业能耗监测、能源管理的核心业务需求分析，实现基于开源软件技术、分布式系统架构的系统设计、实现对企业自身能耗的用量、结构以及能源流向的全面准确的监测。同时考虑到工业生产软件系统的可靠性需求，集成了主流的工业级系统运行监控技术，对能耗数据采集运行情况、服务器硬件资源消耗进灵活、准确、全面、及时的监控，使运维人员能够及时发现系统运行的问题，保证数据采集的连续性、准确性，从而大幅提高企业能耗监测及统计分析的能力。

关键词：能耗监测；物联网；大数据处理；分布式系统；J2EE；企业数据总线；Nagios

ABSTRACT

If manufacturers want to carry out effective energy conservation, they should establish comprehensive and accurate monitoring on energy consumption, proportion and flow.Energy management and monitoring used to manually conduct the measurement and maintain meters on site by specific individual. Based on collected data, complex forms would be constructed according to enterprise own producing structure. Some enterprises, which performed fairly great in energy consumption monitoring and management,had invested considerable amount of funds into industrial specialised software such as DCS, SCADA and so on. However, such systems have little focus on energy consumption itself. Furthermore, when consider the stability, most softwares take the traditional approach so that the cost of maintenance and upgrade is comparably expensive. Thanks to the rapid development of IT technology in last decades, the maturity of technology in processing and searching large volume data in high performance and distribute way has increased significantly. Open source communities, which contains huge number of active involvers, have been formed to strongly support the innovation in technology and application.

After the research and analysis on traditional energy monitoring softwares, the major feature of those application is to store, process and query industrial data in incredibly massive volume, which can be optimised according to its time series attribute. Considerable difference can be observed among enterprises' producing structure in different industries due to their specialism of the equipments. In contrast to major products worldwide, it can be concluded that the first tier manufacturers, such as Schneider Electric and Wonderware, had maintain their professionalism in their solutions, at the same time, flexibility, interactivity, visualization had been put into more consideration. This system try to integrate the main stream big data processing framework and front-end solution in order to replace traditional real-time database. Founded on the business analysis of enterprise energy monitoring and management, this system is able to accurately monitoring the enterprise energy consumption, proportion and flow using open source technology under the design guide of distributed architecture. Meanwhile, when examining the reliability of the industrial software system, this system also integrate the popular enterprise monitoring technology to monitor the acquisition process and server hardware consumption in a flex, accurate,