1994-1996考研英语作文
1996年专四作文真题范文_College Life And Middle School Life
It is generally accepted by college students that the main difference between middle school and college life lies in the degree of independence. As for me, I prefer the more independent life in university for the following three reasons.First and foremost, since the very day I entered the university, I have learned to live on my own and cultivated the habit of solving problems by myself. Without parents company, I have learned to arrange my daily meals for myself, wash clothes, set financial plans and make decisions relying on myself. Besides, college life is academically different from that in middle schools. Teachers in university only give students due guidance at due time, which renders college students more freedom to set academic goals. What¡¯s more, we can choose any courses we are interested in and the teachers whose teaching styles are to our preference. Last but not least, we enjoy more free extracurricular time. We can make good use of the free time to broaden our views and make more friends.In conclusion, I am leading a life that is quite different from that in middle school, and I enjoy more independence in university. To the freshmen, I would suggest they devise various methods to adjust themselves to such an independent lifestyle sooner.。
94年英语考研作文范文
94年英语考研作文范文1. Well, I guess it's safe to say that 1994 was a pretty eventful year. I mean, think about it we had the World Cup in the US, Nelson Mandela became the first black president of South Africa, and the Channel Tunnel finally opened. It was definitely a year to remember.2. Speaking of the World Cup, who could forget that iconic moment when Roberto Baggio missed that crucial penalty kick in the final? I remember watching it with my friends and we were all on the edge of our seats. It was heartbreaking, but it just goes to show that anything can happen in sports.3. And let's not forget about the music scene in 1994. We had some classic albums released that year, like Nirvana's "Unplugged in New York" and Oasis' "Definitely Maybe." Those albums are still on heavy rotation in my playlist, even after all these years.4. On a more serious note, 1994 also saw some tragic events, like the Rwandan Genocide and the earthquake in Northridge, California. It was a reminder that even in the midst of progress and celebration, there are still moments of darkness and sorrow.5. But despite the ups and downs of 1994, I think it's important to remember that it was a year of growth and change. People around the world were coming together to celebrate achievements, mourn losses, and push for a better future. And that spirit of unity and resilience is something that we can all carry with us, even today.。
考研英语1994真题
考研英语1994真题In recent years, an increasing number of students choose to pursue a Master's degree or a Ph.D. by taking the entrance examination for postgraduate students, commonly known as the "gaokao" in China. The competition is fierce, and the English section of the exam is often considered one of the most challenging parts. In this article, we will delve into the 1994 English exam for postgraduate students, exploring its format and content, and offering tips for success.The 1994 English exam for postgraduate students consisted of three parts: listening comprehension, reading comprehension, and writing. Each section tested different language skills and required students to demonstrate their proficiency in English.1. Listening Comprehension:The listening comprehension section aimed to evaluate students' ability to understand spoken English in various contexts. It consisted of multiple-choice questions that required candidates to listen to dialogues, speeches, and lectures and answer questions based on the information they heard. This section assessed listening skills, comprehension, and the ability to infer information from context.To excel in the listening comprehension section, students should practice regularly by listening to a variety of English materials, such as TED Talks, podcasts, and news broadcasts. This can improve their listening skills, vocabulary, and overall understanding of spoken English.2. Reading Comprehension:The reading comprehension section tested students' ability to comprehend and analyze written English texts. The exam included several passages on various topics, followed by multiple-choice questions that assessed students' comprehension, vocabulary, and inference skills.To perform well in the reading comprehension section, candidates should improve their reading speed and develop strategies for tackling different types of questions. They can achieve this by reading a wide range of English texts, including academic articles, news articles, and literary works. It is also crucial to practice identifying key information, understanding the author's tone, and making inferences based on the given text.3. Writing:The writing section of the 1994 English exam required students to compose an essay on a given topic within a designated time frame. This section aimed to assess candidates' ability to express their thoughts clearly and coherently in written English.To excel in the writing section, students should strengthen their overall English writing skills. This includes improving their grammar, vocabulary, sentence structure, and ability to organize ideas. Practicing essay writing regularly, both timed and untimed, can help students become more comfortable with expressing their thoughts fluently and effectively within the given time constraint.In conclusion, the 1994 English exam for postgraduate students was a comprehensive test of candidates' listening, reading, and writing skills. To succeed in the exam, students should practice regularly, expose themselvesto a variety of English materials, and develop strategies for each section. With dedication, persistence, and a structured study plan, students can overcome the challenges of the exam and achieve their desired score for postgraduate studies.。
近十年四六级英语考试作文题目及范文
1991年6月CET 作文题目 四级作文题： Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition of no less than 100 words on Changes in People's Diet. Study the following table carefully and your composition must be based on the information given in the table. Write three paragraphs to: 1.state the changes in people's diet (饮食) in the past five years; 2. give possible reasons for the changes. 3. draw your own conclusions. 4. you should quote as few figures as possible. Food Year 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 Grain 49% 47% 46.5% 45% 45% Milk 10% 11% 11% 12% 13% Meet 17% 20% 22.5% 23% 21% Fruit and vegetables 24% 22% 20% 20% 21% Total 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% Changes in People's Diet 范文： From the chart we can see that during the past five years there have been great changes in people's diet. The greatest change occurs in grain consumption, which has dropped 4% from 49% in 1986 to 45% in 1990 in total food consumption. The second greatest change is in milk consumption, which increased from 10% in 1986 to 13% in 1990. But on the other hand, two trends can be observed in the consumption of meat and fruit and vegetables. From 1986 to 1989, meat consumption increased from 17% to 23% while that of fruit and vegetables dropped from 24% to 20%. From 1989 to 1990, meat consumption dropped a little to 21%, while that of fruit and vegetables increased a little to 21%. What has caused the great changes in people's diet? The main reason, I think, lies in the improvement in people's income level. With the development of our society, people are becoming richer and richer, which enables them to purchase more nutritious food such as meat and milk. In the meantime, grain consumption in people's diet consequently dropped.So from the analysis, we can draw a conclusion that our society is progressing andpeople are living a better life than ever before. We are now able to purchase moredelicious and nutritious food, resulting in an improvement in our health.六级作文题：Directions: for this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition based on the graph below.Outline:1.Rise and fall of the rate of car accident as indicated by the graph;2.Possible reason (s) for the decline of car accidents in the city;3.Your predictions of what will happen this year.Food Year 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990Grain 49% 47% 46.5% 45% 45%Milk 10% 11% 11% 12% 13%Meet 17% 20% 22.5% 23% 21%Fruit and vegetables 24% 22% 20% 20% 21%Total 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%Your composition should be no less than 120 words and you should quote as few figures as possible.范文：The graph shows the changing rate of car accidents in Walton city in 1990. The first two months of 1990 showed an increasing trend. The rate rose to 32 in March butfell to 26 in June. From June on the rate was rising again and reached the peak point 39 in August. After August the rate began to decline, and eventually dropped to the lowest point 16 at the end of the year. The highest rate in August was due to unfavorable weather conditions. Humidity and high temperature make drivers impatient, which easily leads to car accidents. The high rate in the first half of 1990 was also caused by the bad weather condition. InWalton City the excessive rain comes at early spring. The rain made road slippery, which often resulted in car accidents. This year the pattern is expected to change. The city government has raised fund to improve the road condition. Two new roads will be finised at the beginning of this year and are expected to open to traffic soon. Furthermore, the new road regulation provides that in summer every car must be air-conditioned. With all these precautions, I'm sure that the rate of car accidents will be much lower this year. 1992年12月CET 作文题目 四级作文题目： The Positive and Negative Aspects of Sports 1.体育运动的好处. 2.体育运动可能带来的副作用. 3.我参加体育运动的体会. 范文： To a Chinese, the task of learning English well is not easy. So I, like many other English learners, have met with difficulties in learning English during the past seven years. But I managed to overcome them and made much progress.The spelling and meaning of words can be said to be the first difficulty I met as a beginner. But I found our my own way to deal with them. As to spelling, I never copied a new work again and again to remember it, but tried to find its relevance to the sound. In fact, as long as I can read the word out, I can write it out. As to the meaning, I rarely recite its Chinese translation but often put the word into the sentence to learn its meaning. Moreover, if you use a word quite often, its spelling and meaning will be no problem. After all, we are learning English in order to use it.Grammar and idioms may be another difficulty. But I have also got over it. I have not read lots of grammar books. But I spent much time reading the articles written by native speakers or specialists in English. By doing so, I came to gain “a sense of En glish language”. I began to gain a feel for which sentences are “good English” and which are not.Finally, I want to say that overcoming all these difficulties requires perseverance. In the past seven years I spent at least an hour on English each day. I believe this is an important reason why I am able to make progress in learning English.六级作文题目Directions:1．新世纪科技发展的前景如何？2．新的科学技术会给社会带来什么好处？3．新的科学技术会给社会带来什么问题？4. 你怎样对待新世纪的挑战？Looking Forward to the Twenty-first Century范文：The new century is approaching. It can be expected that there will be a breakthrough in life sceience and space science in the 21st century.First, scientists will conquer incurable diseases through the transformation of genes. With the same technology they can breed new species of animals and even human life in the laboratory. Most important of all, they can decelerate aging and prolong life.Besides, permanent stations will be set up in the moon or other planets or stars so that scientists can make a thorough study of the moon and other planets or star. Most probably life will be found in other stars in universe or the planets or stars suitable for the human existence will be discovered.However, the scientific development will also bring about some social problems. How should we regard from an ethical perspective the one who is bred through the gene technology in the laboratory. How can the police identify the criminal from a group of people with the same DNA?It is quite natural that we will meet problems in the scientific and social development. Therefore, we should be prepared to meet new challenges.1993年1月CET作文题目四级作文题：Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Positive and Negative Aspects of Sport. You should write no less than 100 words and you should base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below:1.运动的积极因素2.运动的消极因素3.你的体会Positive and Negative Aspects of Sport范文：Sports benefit us in many respects. When taking part in sports, we get the chance to train almost all parts of our body. There is no doubt that properly balanced physical activities keep us physically fit. Furthermore, sports can enrich our life and maintain our psychological health. Through participation, everyone can learn that on the playing field he not only competes for himself but also for his team. Sports teach us about consideration, cooperation and optimism, and how to cope with difficulties.But sports can do harm to those people who cannot balance their activities properly. Training too hard may hurt their body, exhaust theirenergy and even make them disabled.Personally, I love sports. I enjoy participating in sports. I feel that I not only gain a well-balanced life through sports, but also get more chances to move closer to nature. Sports have really added happiness to my daily life.六级作文题：Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the title: Motorcycles and City Traffic. You should base your composition on the following outline (given in Chinese):1.近年来中国城市中的摩托车2.摩托车的优点和缺点3.你对我国城市中摩托车发展前景的看法You must write your composition in no less than 120 words on Composition Sheet and remember to write it in readable handwriting.Motorcycles and City Traffic范文：Nowadays, motorcycles are popular around us. They have be come an important means of transport in Chinese cities. Compared with the bike and the car, the motorcycle has its own advantages.First, it is quite flexible. When there is a traffic jam, it can go through the cars that are held up in the street. Besides, it doesn't consume much petrol. Most important of all, it can carry another person at the back.But every coin has two sides. The negative aspects are also apparent. To begin with, it's very complicated to get qualified for riding a motorcycle. You'll have to go through a series of procedures to get a riding license. Furthermore, the maintenance is expensive. Worst of all, it costs a big sum of money to pay for the license plate, especially in Shanghai.In conclusion, it has both favorable and unfavorable aspects. However, if the authorities concerned simplify the procedures and reduce the cost of the license plate, the motorcycle will be accepted by more people.1993年6月CET作文题目四级作文题：Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic My Most Favorite Programme. You should write no less than 100 words and you should base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below:1．我最喜爱的电视（或无线电）节目是……2．这类节目的内容和特点3．我喜欢它的原因My Most Favorite Programme范文：The News Report has always been my favorite TV program. Almost everyday I turn on the TV at 6:30 p.m. and wait for the news program. This has become a part of my life.The News Report contains a large amount of information C from the international political situation to the latest foot-ball game. And the most important character is its fast pace. Because of this fast pace, news programs can contain much information in a short time.In my opinion, the News Report is more than a TV program. It is a way of communication. From this program, people can know and understand world affairs. The world thus becomes smaller and smaller. I especially appreciate this benefit of watching the news.六级作文题：Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on topic My View on Opportunity. You must base your composition on the following instructions (given in Chinese):有些人认为机会是极少的，另一些人则认为人人都有某种机会。
考研英语一历年翻译真题及答案
考研英语一历年翻译真题：（2016-1994）（此资料由小七i整理，请不要外传，仅用于考研学习借鉴，如有错误地方，请自行参考其他资料。
）【每年的题目单独编译成页是为了便于打印后直接在上面进行书写】翻译主题分析：1994年:天才、技术与科学发展的关系 1995年:标准化教育与心理评估（364词）1996年:科学发展的动力（331词） 1997年:动物的权利（417词）1998年:宇宙起源（376词） 1999年:史学研究方法（326词）2000年:科学家与政府（381词） 2001年:计算机与未来生活展望（405词）2002年:行为科学发展的困难 2003年:人类学简介（371词）2004年:语言与思维（357词） 2005年：电视媒体2006年：美国的知识分子 2007年：法学研究的意义2008年：达尔文的思想观点 2009年：正规教育的地位2010年：经济与生态 2011年：能动意识的作用2012年：普遍性真理 2013年：人类状况2014年：贝多芬的一生 2015年：历史学方面2016年：心理健康46） We don't have to learn how to be mentally healthy， it is built into us in the same way that our bodies know how to heal a cut or mend， a broken bone. 47） Our mental health doesn't go anywhere； like the sun behind a cloud， it can be temporarily hidden from view， but it is fully capable of being restored in an instant.48） Mental health allows us to view others with sympathy if they are having troubles， with kindness if they are in pain， and with unconditional love no matter who they are.49） Although mental health is the cure-all for living our lives， it is perfecting ordinary as you will see that it has been there to direct you through all your difficult decisions.50） As you will come to see， knowing that mental health is always available and knowing to trust it allow us to slow down to the moment and live life happily.46） This movement， driven by powerful and diverse motivations， built a nation out of a wilderness and， by its nature， shaped the character and destiny of an uncharted continent.47） The United States is the product of two principal forces-the immigration of European peoples with their varied ideas， customs， and national characteristics and the impact of a new country which modified these traits. 48） But， the force of geographic conditions peculiar to America， the interplay of the varied national groups upon one another， and the sheer difficulty of maintaining old-world ways in a raw， new continent caused significant changes.49） The first shiploads of immigrants bound for the territory which is now the United States crossed the Atlantic more than a hundred years after thefifteenth- and sixteenth-century explorations of North America.50） The virgin forest with its richness and variety of trees was a real treasure-house which extended from Maine all the way down to Georgia in the south. Here was abundant fuel and lumber.46) It is also the reason why when we try to describe music with words, all we can do is articulate our reactions to it, and not grasp music itself.47)By all accounts he was a freethinking person, and a courageous one, and I find courage an essential quality for the understanding, let alone the performance, of his works.48) Beethoven’s habit of increasing the volume with an extreme intensity and then abruptly following it with a sudden soft passage was only rarely used by composers before him.49) Especially significant was his view of freedom, which, for him, was associated with the rights and responsibilities of the individual: he advocated freedom of thought and of personal expression.50)One could interpret much of the work of Beethoven by saying that suffering is inevitable, but the courage to fight it renders life worth living.46) Yet when one looks at the photographs of the garden created by the homeless, it strikes one that , for all their diversity of styles, these gardens speak of various other fundamental urges, beyond that of decoration and creative expression.47) A sacred place of peace, however crude it may be, is a distinctly human need, as opposed to shelter, which is a distinctly animal need.48)The gardens of the homeless which are in effect homeless gardens introduce from into an urban environment where it either didn’t exist or was not discernible as such. In so doing they give composure to a segment of the inarticulate environment in which they take their stand.49) Most of us give into a demoralization of spirit which we usually blame on some psychological conditions, until one day we find ourselves in garden and feel the expression vanish as if by magic.50) It is this implicit or explicit reference to nature that fully justifies the use of word garden though in a “liberated” sense, to describe these synthetic constructions.46) In physics, one approach takes this impulse for unification to its extreme, and seeks a theory of everything—a single generative equation for all we see.47) Here, Darwinism seems to offer justification for it all humans share common origins it seems reasonable to suppose that cultural diversity could also be traced to more constrained beginnings.48) To filter out what is unique from what is shared might enable us to understand how complex cultural behavior arose and what guides it in evolutionary or cognitive terms.49) The second, by Joshua Greenberg, takes a more empirical approach to universality identifying traits (particularly in word order) shared by many language which are considered to represent biases that result from cognitive constraints.50) Chomsky’s grammar should show patterns of language change that are independent of the family tree or the pathway tracked through it.46)Allen’s contribution was to take an assumption we all share-that because we are not robots we therefore control our thoughts-and reveal its erroneous nature.47) While we may be able to sustain the illusion of control through the conscious mind alone, in reality we are continually faced with a question: “Why cannot I make myself do this or achieve that?”48) This seems a justification for neglect of those in need, and a rationalization of exploitation, of the superiority of those at the top and the inferiority of those at the bottom.49) Circumstances seem to be designed to bring out the best in us and if we feel that we have been “wronged” then we are unlikely to begin a conscious effort to escape from our situation.50)The upside is the possibilities contained in knowing that everything is up to us; where before we were experts in the array of limitations, now we become authorities of what is possible.46) Scientists jumped to the rescue with some distinctly shaky evidence to the effect that insects would eat us up if birds failed to control them. the evidence had to be economic in order to be valid.47) But we have at least drawn near the point of admitting that birds should continue as a matter of intrinsic right, regardless of the presence or absence of economic advantage to us.48) Time was when biologists somewhat over worded the evidence that these creatures preserve the health of game by killing the physically weak, or that they prey only on "worthless" species.49) In Europe, where forestry is ecologically more advanced, the non-commercial tree species are recognized as members of native forest community, to be preserved as such, within reason.50) It tends to ignore, and thus eventually to eliminate, many elements in the land community that lack commercial value, but that are essential to its healthy functioning.46) It may be said that the measure of the worth of any social institution is its effect in enlarging and improving experience; but this effect is not a part of its original motive.47) Only gradually was the by-product of the institution noted, and only more gradually still was this effect considered as a directive factor in the conduct of the institution.48) While it is easy to ignore in our contact with them the effect of our acts upon their disposition, it is not so easy as in dealing with adults.49) Since our chief business with them is to enable them to share in a common life we cannot help considering whether or no we are forming the powers which will secure this ability.50) We are thus led to distinguish, within the broad educational process which we have been so far considering, a more formal kind of education -- that of direct tuition or schooling.46)He believes that this very difficulty may have had the compensating advantage of forcing him to think long and intently about every sentence, and thus enabling him to detect errors in reasoning and in his own observations.47) He asserted, also, that his power to follow a long and purely abstract train of thought was very limited, for which reason he felt certain that he never could have succeeded with mathematics.48)On the other hand, he did not accept as well founded the charge made by some of his critics that, while he was a good observer, he had no power of reasoning.49) He adds humbly that perhaps he was "superior to the common run of men in noticing things which easily escape attention, and in observing them carefully."50)Darwin was convinced that the loss of these tastes was not only a loss of happiness, but might possibly be injurious to the intellect, and more probably to the moral character.46) Traditionally, legal learning has been viewed in such institutions as the special preserve of lawyers rather than a necessary part of the intellectual equipment of an educated person.47) On the other, it links these concepts to everyday realities in a manner which is parallel to the links journalists forge on a daily basis as they cover and comment on the news.48) But the idea that the journalist must understand the law more profoundly than an ordinary citizen rests on an understanding of the established conventions and special responsibilities of the news media.49) In fact, it is difficult to see how journalists who do not have a clear preps of the basic features of the Canadian Constitution can do a competent job on political stories.50) While comment and reaction from lawyers may enhance stories, it is preferable for journalists to rely on their own notions of significance and make their own judgments.46) I shall define him as an individual who has elected as his primary duty and pleasure in life the activity of thinking in Socratic(苏格拉底) way about moral problems.47) His function is analogous to that of a judge, who must accept the obligation of revealing in as obvious a matter as possible the course of reasoning which led him to his decision.48) I have excluded him because, while his accomplishments may contribute to the solution of moral problems, he has not been charged with the task of approaching any but the factual aspects of those problems.49)But his primary task is not to think about the moral code, which governs his activity, any more than a businessman is expected to dedicate his energies to an exploration of rules of conduct in business.50)They may teach very well and more than earn their salaries, but most of them make little or no independent reflections on human problems which involve moral judgment.46) Television is one of the means by which these feelings are created and conveyed-and perhaps never before has it served to much to connect different peoples and nations as is the recent events in Europe.47) In Europe, as elsewhere multi-media groups have been increasingly successful groups which bring together television, radio newspapers, magazines and publishing houses that work in relation to one another.48) This alone demonstrates that the television business is not an easy world to survive in a fact underlined by statistics that show that out of eighty European television networks no less than 50% took a loss in 1989.49) Crea ting a “European identity” that respects the different cultures and traditions which go to make up the connecting fabric of the Old continent is no easy task and demands a strategic choice - that of producing programs in Europe for Europe.50)In dealing with a challenge on such a scale, it is no exaggeration to say “Unity we stand, divided we fall” -and if I had to choose a slogan it would be “Unity in our diversity.”61) The Greeks assumed that the structure of language had some connection with the process of thought, which took root in Europe long before people realized how diverse languages could be.62) We are obliged to them because some of these languages have since vanished, as the peoples who spoke them died out or became assimilated and lost their native languages.63) The newly described languages were often so strikingly different from the well studied languages of Europe and Southeast Asia that some scholars even accused Boas and Sapir of fabricating their data Native American languages are indeed different, so much so in fact that Navajo could be used by the US military as a code during World War II to send secret messages.64) Being interested in the relationship of language and thought, Whorf developed the idea that the structure of language determines the structure of habitual thought in a society.65) Whorf came to believe in a sort of linguistic determinism which, in its strongest form, states that language imprisons the mind, and that the grammatical patterns in a language can produce far-reaching consequences for the culture of a society.61) Furthermore, humans have the ability to modify the environment in which they live, thus subjecting all other life forms to their own peculiar ideas and fancies.62) Social science is that branch of intellectual enquiry which seeks to study humans and their endeavors in the same reasoned, orderly, systematic, and dispassioned manner that natural scientists use for the study of natural phenomena.63) The emphasis on data gathered first-hand, combined with a cross-cultural perspective brought to the analysis of cultures past and present, makes this study a unique and distinctly important social science.64) Tylor defined culture as “...that complex whole which includes belief, art, morals, law, custom, and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society.”65) Thus, the anthropological concept of “culture,” like the concept of “set” in mathematics, is an abstract concept which makes possible immense amounts of concrete research and understanding.61) One difficulty is that almost all of what is called behavioral science continues to trace behavior to states of mind, feelings, traits of character, human nature, and so on.62) The behavioral sciences have been slow to change partly because the explanatory items often seem to be directly observed and partly because other kinds of explanations have been hard to find.63) The role of natural selection in evolution was formulated only a little more than a hundred years ago, and the selective role of the environment in shaping and maintaining the behavior of the individual is only beginning to be recognized and studied.64) They are the possessions of the autonomous (self-governing) man of traditional theory, and they are essential to practices in which a person is held responsible for his conduct and given credit for his achievements. 65) Until these issues are resolved, a technology of behavior will continue to be rejected, and with it possibly the only way to solve our problems.71) There will be television chat shows hosted by robots, and cars with pollution monitors that will disable them when they offend.72) Children will play with dolls equipped with personality chips, computers with in-built personalities will be regarded as workmates rather than tools, relaxation will be in front of smell-television, and digital age will have arrived.73) Pearson has pieced together the work of hundreds of researchers around the world to produce a unique millennium technology calendar that gives the latest dates when we can expect hundreds of key breakthroughs and discoveries to take place.74) But that, Pearson points out, is only the start of man-machine integration: “It will be the beginning of the long process of integration that will ultimately lead to a fully electronic human before the end of the next century."75) And home appliances will also become so smart that controlling and operating them will result in the breakout of a new psychological disorder--kitchen rage.71)There will be television chat shows hosted by robots and cars with pollution monitors that will disable them when they offend.72) Children will play with dolls equipped with personality chips computers with in-built personalities will be regarded as workmates rather than tools relaxation will be in front of smell-television and digital age will have arrived.73）Owing to the remarkable development in mass-communications，people everywhere are feeling new wants and are being exposed to new customs and ideas，while governments are often forced to introduce still further innovations for the reasons given above.74) But that, Pearson points out, is only the start of man-machine integration:“It will be the beginning of the long process of integration that will ultimately lead to a fully electronic human before the end of the next century.”75) And home appliances will also become so smart that controlling and operating them will result in the breakout of a new psychological disorder kitchen rage.71） While there are almost as many definitions of history as there are historians，modern practice most closely conforms to one that sees history as the attempt to recreate and explain the significant events of the past.72） Interest in historical methods has arisen less through external challenge to the validity of history as an intellectual discipline and more from internal quarrels among historians themselves.73） During this transfer，traditional historical methods were augmented by additional methodologies designed to interpret the new forms of evidence in the historical study.74） There is no agreement whether methodology refers to the concepts peculiar to historical work in general or to the research techniques appropriate to the various branches of historical inquiry.75） It applies equally to traditional historians who view history as only the external and internal criticism of sources. And to social science historians who equate their activity with specific techniques.71） But even more important，it was the farthest that scientists had been able to look into the past，for what they were seeing were the patterns and structures that existed 15 billion years ago.72） The existence of the giant clouds was virtually required for the Big Bang，first put forward in the 1920s，to maintain its reign as the dominant explanation of the cosmos.73） Astrophysicists working with ground-based detectors at the South Pole and balloon-borne instruments are closing in on such structures，and may report their findings soon.74） If the small hot spots look as expected，that will be a triumph for yet another scientific idea，a refinement of the Big Bang called the inflationary universe theory.75） Odd though it sounds，cosmic inflation is a scientifically plausible consequence of some respected ideas in elementary-particle physics，and many astrophysicists have been convinced for the better part of a decade that it is true.71） Actually，it isn’t，because it assumes that there is an agreed account of human rights，which is something the world does not have.72） Some philosophers argue that rights exist only within a social contract，as part of an exchange of duties and entitlements.73） It leads the discussion to extremes at the outset: it invites you to think that animals should be treated either with the consideration humans extend to other humans，or with no consideration at all.74） Arguing from the view that humans are different from animals in every relevant respect，extremists of this kind think that animals lie outside the area of moral choice.75） When that happens，it is not a mistake: it is mankind’s instinct for moral reasoning in action，an instinct that should be encouraged rather than laughed at.71） Some of these causes are completely reasonable results of social needs. Others are reasonable consequences of particular advances in science being to some extent self-accelerating.72 ）This trend began during the Second World War，when several governments came to the conclusion that the specific demands that a government wants to make of its scientific establishment cannot generally be foreseen in detail. 73） This seems mostly effectively done by supporting a certain amount of research not related to immediate goals but of possible consequence in the future.74） However，the world is so made that elegant systems are in principle unable to deal with some of the world more fascinating and delightful aspects.75） New forms of thought as well as new subjects for thought must arise in the future as they have in the past，giving rise to new standards of elegance.1995年考研英语(一)翻译真题71） The target is wrong，for in attacking the tests，critics divert attention from the fault that lies with ill-informed or incompetent users.72） How well the predictions will be validated by later performance depends upon the amount，reliability，and appropriateness of the information used and on the skill and wisdom with which it is interpreted.73） Whether to use tests，other kinds of information，or both in a particular situation depends，therefore，upon the evidence from experience concerning comparative validity and upon such factors as cost and availability.74） In general，the tests work most effectively when the qualities to be measured can be most precisely defined and least effectively when what is to be measured or predicated can not be well defined.75） For example，they do not compensate for gross social inequality，and thus do not tell how able an underprivileged youngster might have been had he grown up under more favorable circumstances.1994年考研英语(一)翻译真题71） Science moves forward，they say，not so much through the insights of great men of genius as because of more ordinary things like improved techniques and tools.72）“In short”，a leader of the new school contends，“the scientific revolution，as we call it，was largely the improvement and invention and use of a series of instruments that expanded the reach of science in innumerable directions.”73） Over the years，tools and technology themselves as a source of fundamental innovation have largely been ignored by historians and philosophers of science. 74） Galileo’s greatest glory was that in 1609 he was the first person to turn the newly invented telescope on the heavens to prove that the planets revolve around the sun rather than around the Earth.75） Whether the Government should increase the financing of pure science at the expense of technology or vice versa（反之）often depends on the issue of which is seen as the driving for。
考研英语历年阅读理解真题精析--1994年part5
考研英语历年阅读理解真题精析--1994年part5Part FiveDiscoveries in science and technology are thought by "untaught minds" to come in blinding flashes or as the result of dramatic accidents. Sir Alexander Fleming did not, as legend would have it, look at the mold （霉）on a piece of cheese and get the idea for penicillin there and then. He experimented with antibacterial substances for nine years before he made his discovery. Inventions and innovations almost always come out of laborious trial and error. Innovation is like soccer; even the best players miss the goal and have their shots blocked much more frequently than they score.The point is that the players who score most are the ones who take the most shots at the goal - and so it goes with innovation in any field of activity. The prime difference between innovators and others is one of approach. Everybody gets ideas, but innovators work consciously on theirs, and they follow them through until they prove practicable or otherwise. What ordinary people see as fanciful abstractions, professional innovators see as solid possibilities."Creative thinking may mean simply the realization that there's no particular virtue in doing things the way they have always been done," wrote Rudolph Flesch, a language authority. This accounts for our reaction to seemingly simple innovations like plastic garbage bags and suitcases on wheels that make life more convenient: "How come nobody thought of that before?"The creative approach begins with the proposition that nothing is as it appears. Innovators will not accept that there is only one way to do anything. Faced with getting from A to B, the average person will automatically set out on the best-known and apparently simplest route. The innovator will search for alternate courses, whichmay prove easier in the long run and are bound to be more interesting and challenging even if they lead to dead ends.Highly creative individuals really do march to a different drummer.17. What does the author probably mean by "untaught mind" in the first paragraph?[A] A person ignorant of the hard work involved in experimentation.[B] A citizen of a society that restricts personal creativity.[C] A person who has had no education.[D] An individual who often comes up with new ideas by accident.18. According to the author, what distinguishes innovators from non-innovators?__[A] The variety of ideas they have.[B] The intelligence they possess.[C] The way they deal with problems.[D] The way they present their findings.19. The author quotes Rudolph Flesh in Paragraph 3 because ____.[A] Rudolph Flesh is the best-known expert in the study of human creativity[B] the quotation strengthens the assertion that creative individuals look for the new ways of doing things[C] the reader is familiar with Ruldolph Flesch's point of view[D] the quotation adds a new idea to the information previously presented20. The phrase "march to a different drummer"（the last line of the text）suggests the highly creative individuals are ____.[A] diligent in pursuing their goals[B] reluctant to follow common ways of doing things[C] devoted to the progress of science[D] concerned about the advance of societyUnit 1（1994）Part 5重点词汇：mold 霉菌。
历年英语考研作文范文
历年英语考研作文范文The Importance of Critical Thinking in the Information Age。
In the information age, with the rapid development of technology and the explosion of information, critical thinking has become increasingly important. Critical thinking is the ability to analyze and evaluate information in a logical and systematic way, and it is a crucial skill for making informed decisions and solving complex problems. In this essay, we will discuss the importance of critical thinking in the information age and how it can be developed and cultivated.First and foremost, critical thinking is essential for navigating the vast amount of information that is available to us today. With the internet and social media, we are constantly bombarded with news, opinions, and advertisements, and it can be difficult to separate fact from fiction. Critical thinking allows us to evaluate thecredibility of sources, identify biases, and discern the validity of arguments. In a world where misinformation and fake news are rampant, critical thinking is our bestdefense against being misled.Furthermore, critical thinking is crucial for making sound decisions in both our personal and professional lives. Whether we are evaluating a job offer, making a major purchase, or choosing a course of action, critical thinking enables us to weigh the pros and cons, consider alternative perspectives, and anticipate potential consequences.Without critical thinking, we are more likely to make impulsive decisions based on emotion or incomplete information, which can lead to regret and disappointment.In addition, critical thinking is essential for solving complex problems and addressing the challenges of the 21st century. From climate change to global inequality, many of the issues we face today are multifaceted and interconnected. Critical thinking allows us to analyzethese problems from different angles, identify root causes, and develop innovative solutions. Without critical thinking,we are more likely to resort to simplistic or superficial approaches that fail to address the underlying complexities of the issues at hand.Given the importance of critical thinking in the information age, it is crucial that we cultivate and develop this skill in ourselves and in future generations. There are several ways to do this. First, we can encourage critical thinking in education by teaching students how to analyze and evaluate information, think critically about complex issues, and communicate their ideas effectively. This can be done through the incorporation of critical thinking exercises and discussions into the curriculum, as well as the promotion of independent and analytical thinking.Furthermore, we can promote critical thinking in our daily lives by engaging in activities that challenge our assumptions and encourage us to think critically. This could include reading diverse perspectives, participating in debates and discussions, and seeking out opportunities to solve problems in creative and innovative ways. Byactively practicing critical thinking, we can strengthen this skill and apply it to all aspects of our lives.In conclusion, critical thinking is more important than ever in the information age. It is essential for navigating the vast amount of information available to us, making sound decisions, and addressing the complex challenges of the 21st century. By cultivating and developing critical thinking in ourselves and in future generations, we can ensure that we are equipped to thrive in an increasingly complex and interconnected world.。
历年考研英语优秀作文
历年考研英语优秀作文As the annual postgraduate entrance examination approaches, more and more students are immersed in the intense and stressful atmosphere of exam preparation. Some people argue that the exam is just a test of memory and does not reflect one's real abilities, while others believe that it is an objective and fair way to select qualified candidates. In my opinion, the postgraduate entrance examination is a double-edged sword that has both advantages and disadvantages.On the one hand, the postgraduate entrance examination is an effective way to evaluate a student's academicability and potential. The exam covers a wide range of subjects, including mathematics, English, and professional knowledge, which requires students to have a solid foundation and comprehensive knowledge. Moreover, the exam is designed to test a student's reasoning, analytical, and problem-solving skills, which are essential for academic research and professional development. Therefore, those whoperform well in the exam are more likely to be admitted to top universities and have a bright future.On the other hand, the postgraduate entrance examination has some drawbacks that cannot be ignored. Firstly, the exam places too much emphasis on academic achievements rather than practical skills and creativity. As we all know, academic knowledge is not the only thing that matters in the real world. Practical skills and creativity are equally important for success in various fields. Secondly, the exam is often criticized for being unfair to students from disadvantaged backgrounds. Students who have access to better educational resources andtutoring have a higher chance of getting a good score, while those who cannot afford expensive coaching classes or study materials may be at a disadvantage.In conclusion, the postgraduate entrance examination has both advantages and disadvantages. It is an effective way to evaluate a student's academic ability and potential, but it also has some drawbacks, such as placing too much emphasis on academic achievements and being unfair tostudents from disadvantaged backgrounds. Therefore, we should not only focus on the exam score but also pay attention to other factors such as practical skills, creativity, and personal qualities. Only in this way can we select qualified candidates and promote social progress.。
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1994年作文: Part ⅣWriting (15 points)DIRECTIONS:A. Title: ON MAKING FRIENDSB. TIME LIMIT: 40 minutesC. Word limit: 120 - 150 words (not including the given opening sentence)D. Y our composition should be based on the OUTLINE below and should start w ith the given opening sentence: “As a human being, one can hardly do without a friend.”E. Y our composition must be written clearly on the ANSWER SHEET.OUTLINE:l. The need for friends2. True friendship3. My principle in making friends一、审题本文题目是我们较为常见的关于交友的议论文。
虽然关于友谊的文章很多，但要结构清晰仍需要解析友谊的真正内涵，指出友谊就是彼此帮助，互相促进学习。
二、谋篇本文应按提纲所示分为三段：第一段为朋友的重要性。
第二段解释友谊的含义。
第三段说明自己的择友观。
本文虽条理比较明了，但应注意呼应。
三、写作误区1.跑题：本文虽与友谊有关，但不是单纯赞扬友谊的。
有的考生忽略了“交友”，而把笔墨浪费在赞扬友谊的珍贵上，因此被扣分也在情理之中。
2.谋篇：本文应以说明议论为主，如果过多地举例描写，又无适当回扣主题，就会出现结构上的偏差，或者字数过多。
四、范文评分标准115~13分：内容切题，包括提纲的全部要点；表达清楚，文字连贯；句式有变化，句子结构和用词正确。
Sample 1 (14 points)On Making FriendsAs a human being, one can hardly do without a friend and the fact has been self-evident. Without the help of honest friends, we can hardly get over the difficulties and hardships we come across. Moreover, having no friends also means that there is nobody in the world with whom wecan share our joy and sorrow. Thus loneliness is the only ting left for us. So making friends is a very indispensable part in our life.But not all who are friendly to each other and enjoy each other’s company, in the social gatherings can be called true friends. Based on mutual understanding instead of on mutual benefit, true friendship must be sincere and unconditional. It consists in sincerity, mutual trust, and self-sacrifice, both in times of happiness and at moments of crisis. A true friend does not just tell us what we want to hear but will do what he thinks is best for us in the long run. False friendship, however, will flatter us when we are crowned with success while desert us when we are in deep waters. Therefore, true friendship is to make people help each other and learn from each other.My principle in making friends is to make as many good friends as possible. So when I make a friend, I first of all make sure whether he is honest or wicked. As long as he is honest and sincere, I know that I find another a company in the way of improving.例文分析1．提纲（1）论证并得出结论：朋友为生活中不可缺少的一别分；（2）朋友的真正含义：真诚，互助互勉；（3）交友之道：真心，真诚。
2．论点与谋篇本文以提纲为依据，层次清晰。
首段采用先解释首句，而后自然引出论题——交友的方式，内容自然流畅。
第二段的优点在于以总—分—总的方法写作，并采用正反论证，条理清晰。
第三段直接点明交友之道。
3．连贯性本文连词使用广泛，比如：第二段末Therefore这一连词的应用，起到收尾的作用，自然引出该段的结论，使行文连贯。
倒数第二句中while的使用，使句子前后既形成了鲜明的对比，又过渡自然。
又如第三段的so使句子间因果关系更为明了，as long as顺接上文，并再次强调中心。
4．句式及用词句式变化多样是本文另一特点，在文中已标出。
评分标准212~10分：内容切题，包括提纲的全部要点；表达比较清楚，文字基本连贯；句式有一定变化，句子结构和用词无重大错误。
Sample 2 (10 points)On Making FriendsAs a human being, one can hardly do without a friend. We need friends to share our happiness and sad. We go to friends for help when we are in trouble. We consult with friends if there are problems we cannot handle alone. In a sense, friends are often more important to us than relatives.As the proverb goes, a friend in need is a friend indeed. True friend means when you are in good condition, they are happy for you, and hope you could be better. When you are in trouble, they help you without complain. Also, they should treat you sincerely and not cheat you.When I choose friends, I do not care what work they do or where they are from, but I care those little things which shows one’s characters. I would make sure that we really care for each other. Sometimes we cannot see each other often. But I know my friends will always be there,ready to help if I need them. And I know we are true friends indeed.例文分析1．论点与谋篇题目的中心得到贯穿。
结尾ready to help if I need them与we are true friends indeed既呼应全文，又暗指谚语a friend in need is a friend indeed，语意准确。
2．连贯性与用词第二段的人称与其他段不一致，如能相同，语意更连贯。
使用了一定的连词。
短文中用词有一些错误，如：典型错误：动词complain的名词形式为complaint。
1995年作文: Part ⅣWriting (15 points)DIRECTIONS:A. Title: THE "PROJECT HOPE"B. Time limit: 40 minutesC. Word limit: 120 - 150 words (not including the given opening sentence)D. Y our composition should be based on the OUTLINE below and should start with the given opening sentence: “Edu cation plays a very important role in the modernization of our country”.E. Y our composition must be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.OUTLINE:1. Present situation2. Necessity of the project3. My suggestion一、审题本题为提纲式论说文。
由题目可知本文讨论的是有关“希望工程”的问题。
二、谋篇按提纲所示，本文应分三方面展开。
第一段应说明目前境况：一方面，贫困造成大量儿童失学；而另一方面，国家需要大量有知识的人才。
第二段，由首段的陈述自然引出实施这项工程的必要性。
分析必要性切忌写得过于空泛。
这段可通过正反两方面进行论证。