Unit 2 Working the land非谓语动词
20版：(步步高) (全国) Unit 2 Working the land
Book 4Unit 2Working the landⅠ.阅读理解(2019·吉林实验中学模拟)About 5,000 children die each day due to preventable diseases such as cholera and dysentery(痢疾)，which spread when people use unclean water for drinking or cooking.A lack of water for personal health leads to the spread of totally preventable diseases like trachoma，which has blinded some six million people.Water troubles also trap many lowincome families in a cycle of poverty and poor education and the poorest suffer most from lack of access to water.People who spend much of their time on ill health，caring for sick children，or collecting water at distances averaging 3.75 miles a day don’t have educational and economic opportunities to better their lives.Agriculture is called the lion’s share of freshwater worldwide，using some 70 percent，and industrial uses consume another 22 percent.Water areas have no political borders and nations don’t always work together to share common resources，so water can be a frequent source of international conflict as well.Daybyday demand keeps growing，further needing water sources，from great rivers to groundwater.“We’re going deeper into debt on our groundwater use，” Postel said，“and that has very significant impacts on global water security.The rate of groundwater consumption has doubled since 1960.”Some of Earth’s groundwater is fossil water created when Earth’s climate was far different.Today such water is as limited as petrol.“But we’re pumping much of them out faster than ever，” Postel explained.“Humanity’s growing thirst also causes a major problem about water and our ecosystems.And that also creates a cost to us，to our sons and to our grandsons，not just to nature.”语篇解读这是一篇说明文。
人教版高中英语必修四 Unit2 Working the land-语法篇(教师版)
人教版高中英语必修四 Unit2 Working the land-语法篇（教师版）Unit2 Working the land语法篇____________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________要求学生掌握本单元的重点语法----动词的-ing形式作主语和宾语并能熟练运用相关语法知识解决相应类型的题。
一、动词的-ing形式由“动词原形+ing形式”构成，它既是现在分词形式，也是动名词形式。
v-ing能在句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语、宾语补足语和状语，但不能单独作谓语。
其时态和语态的变化为主动被动时态语态一般时doing being done完成时having done having beendone二、动词v-ing形式作主语v-ing形式作主语时，通常表示一般的或抽象的多次行为。
克夫人丢了一个袋子。
该句话中每个字母代表了一个动词或短语，这些动词要求后面跟动名词作宾语。
这些动词分别是：M=mind, r=risk, s=succeed in, P=practiceB=be busy, l=look forward to, a=admitC=can't help, k=keep (on), m=missI=insist on, s=suggest, s=stop, e=enjoy, d=delay, a=avoid, b=be worth, a＝advise, g＝give up2.有些动词既可跟v.ing形式作宾语，也可以跟不定式作宾语，但在语义上却有很大的差别。
go on to do sth.接着又做另一件事go on doing sth.继续做同一件事remember to do sth.记得要去做某事remember doing sth.记得曾做过某事try to do sth.努力做某事try doing sth.尝试做某事regret to do sth.对将要做的事表示遗憾regret doing sth.对做过的事表示后悔mean to do sth.打算/想做某事mean doing sth.意味着做某事3．v.ing形式作介词的宾语。
新课程高考英语专题复习考点总结详解版Unit 2Working the land
Unit 2 Working the land1．waste n ．& v t .浪费2．worsen v ．恶化；使……变得更坏 3．agriculture n ．农业 4．severe adj .严峻的 5．decline v i .减少；下滑 6．the struggle for survival 求生 7．a_lack_of 缺少；短缺 8．rid...of...使……摆脱掉…… 9．be_abundant_in...富含有 10．call on/appeal to 号召/呼吁 11．be concerned about 关心 12．cut down many trees 砍伐树木 13．be considered as...被认为是…… 14．food_supply 食物供应 15．farming method 耕作方法1．As_far_as_I'm_concerned ， it is a_good_virtue for us to “clear your plate”， especially when_having_dinner_with_our_friends.我个人认为：“清干净盘中的食物”对我们来说是一种美德，特别是与朋友聚餐的时候。
2．Lots of farmland has been lost due_to_the_rapid_development_of industry and urbanization. 由于工业化和城市化的迅速发展，许多农田已经大量流失。
3．All animals and plants are important, because each species contributes to the variety of life forms on the earth and plays_an_important_role_in maintaining life.所有动植物都是重要的，因为每一物种都有助于地球上生命形式的多样性，而且对维持生命起到了重要的作用。
(人教版)高中英语必修4：Unit 2 Working the land 动词ing形式作主语和宾语的用法及其练习
动词--ing形式作主语和宾语概念引入动词-ing形式，即在动词原形的词末加-ing的形式，是非谓动词的一种。
在传统语法中动词-ing形式分成两部分：用法相当于名词的叫“动名词”，用法相当于形容词和副词的被称为“现在分词”。
在现代语法中，这两种形式同视为“-ing形式”。
1. Getting water from wet to dry places is necessary.2. If not, what kind of plant would you like to try growing?3. At that time, hunger was a disturbing problem in many parts of the countryside.4. Using his hybrid rice, farmers are producing harvests twice as large as before.句1动词-ing及其宾语和状语一起作句子的主语，句2中growing是动词try的宾语。
这两个动词-ing形式都是动名词。
句3中disturbing修饰problem，是定语，句4中using及其宾语一起作状语，说明句子的谓语“are producing harvests”的方式。
这两个动词-ing形式都是现在分词。
注意：句4的producing与are一起构成现在进行时，是谓语形式，不属于本单元语法范畴。
用法讲解动名词的结构概述动名词是非限定动词的一种形式，由动词原形+ing构成。
它既有动词的特征，又有名词的特征，故称。
动名词也有时态和语态的变化，如表所示（以及物动词write为例），不及物动词没有语态的变化。
1. 动名词的否定结构动名词的否定结构由“not+动名词”组成。
如：Trying without success is better than not trying at all.实验没有成功也比不实验好。
英语：Unit2Workingtheland-grammar课件(1)(新人教必修4)
Unit 2 Working the land—GrammarVerb doingDoing为非谓语动词，由do+ing构成，充当1 •主语2■宾语3•表语4•定语5•状语6•宾语补足语，起名词、形容词、；；副词作用。
Doing表示主动、进行Doing 作主语Doing0.?.? 、完!In many countries, shaking heads means “no” and nodding heads means“yes”2■作宾语（动词宾语和介词宾语）He finished reading the bookyesterday.I enjoy learning English・（动词宾语）I am fond of watching TV. 攻下动词须用doing做宾语（介词宾语）3 •作表语The story is amusing・The news is exciting ・The situation is encouraging・Compare: doing & doneThe children are amused・People are excited by the news。
The boy is encouraged by the words.4 •作定语a. the laughing audience / an amusing story b・Dustin Hoffman is famous for his roleacting as a woman.（短语后置）The girl singing on the stage is my sister.CompareThe amusing play = the play that is amusing ・The girl singing on the stage = The girl whoStep 1. The boy is coming to dinner this evening Step 2. 'Hfe i B(9y classrna i6ft1^i?§'dinner this eveningie a nlaeemata nf minaStep 3 The boy coming to dinner this evening is a Wrong : The boy is coming to dievening is —a classmate of mineThere are some people are waiting at the bus5. Doing 作宾语补足语。
Book 4 Unit 2 Working the land 语法
随堂练习
单句改错。
1. Learn Chinese in an English-speaking
A
B
country is not an easy job. A.Learn→Learning
C
用所给的词的恰当形式填空。
1. Tom is very stubborn, so it is no use _a_r_g_u_in_g___ (argue) about it. 2. _N__o_t _kn_o_w__in_g__(know) how to swim can put you in danger when you suddenly find yourself in water. 3. There is no __d_e_n_yi_n_g__ (deny) that China has played an very important role in international trade.
常跟动词ing作宾语的动词歌诀:
consider, suggest / advise, look forward 考虑建议盼原谅，to, excuse, pardon 承认推迟没得想，admit, delay / put off, fancy 避免错过继续练，avoid, miss, keep /keep on, practise 否认完成停能赏，deny, finish, stop, enjoy / appreciate 不禁介意准逃亡，can’t help, mind, allow/ permit, escape 不准冒险凭想象。forbid, risk, imagine
afford, agree, arrange, choose, decide, hope, expect, offer, plan, promise, determine, demand, manage, fail, prepare, refuse, pretend, seem
高中英语Unit2WorkingthelandSectionⅢGrammar动词ing形式作主语和
[名师点津] (1)动词-ing 形式的复合结构可在句中作主语 或宾语。作主语时，不能用③④两种形式。
(2)无生命名词无论是作主语还是作宾语都不能用第②种形 式。
Yesterday being Sunday postponed the match. 昨天是星期天，比赛推迟了。(作主语) She is fond of coffee being served after dinner. 她喜欢饭后喝点咖啡。(作宾语)
2．置于句末，用 it 作形式主语，多见于下面几个句型： It is worth doing... 做……是值得的 It＋be＋a waste of time doing... 做……是浪费时间的 It is/was no use/good doing... 做……是没有用/好处的 It is a waste of time talking about such useless things. 谈论这些没用的事情是在浪费时间。 It is no use crying over spilt milk. 覆水难收。
,
please let me know as soon as possible.
如果这台电视需要修理的话，请尽快通知我。
5．It is difficult to imagine his/him accepting the decision
without any consideration
.
很难想象他会不假思索就接受了这个决定。
3．动词 need, require, want 意为“需要”时，后跟动词-ing 形式的主动式或不定式的被动式作宾语，意义没有区别。
The window needs/ requires/wants cleaning/to be cleaned. 窗户需要擦了。 4．在 begin, start, continue, intend 后用动词-ing 形式和用不 定式作宾语均可，意义没有多大区别。
高中英语(人教版)必修四 Unit 2 Working the land3单元语法
(8) go on to do sth. 做完某事后接着做另一事 go on doing sth. 继续做一直在做的事 注：stop to do sth. 与stop doing sth.也不同， 前者指停下来去做某事，后者指停止正在做的事， 但stop to do sth. 中的不定式不是宾语，是目的状语。 我记得我已把信寄了。 I remember posting the letter． 我会记着去寄信的。 I’ll remember to post the letter． 我永远不会忘记见到过那位著名作家。 I shall never forget seeing the famous writer． 不要忘了给你母亲写信。 Don’t forget to write to your mother．
3．接动词ing形式作宾语的介词常出现在下列短语中： be good at擅长于…… dream of梦想 lead to导致 devote...to...把……奉献于…… look forward to盼望，期盼 be used to习惯于…… feel like想要 insist on坚持 think of想出 stick to坚持 pay attention to注意get down to开始认真做某事 give up, put off, 晚饭后你想和我一起散步吗? Do you feel like having a walk with me after supper? 人们忍不住嘲笑那个愚蠢的人。 People couldn’t help laughing foolish man．
3. 在there be结构中作主语, 这种结构的意思 相当于“It is impossible to do… ”。如： 若要人不知, 除非己莫为。 There is no hiding of evil but not to do it． 这种事开不得玩笑。 Here is no joking about such matter. 无法知道他什么时候离开。 There was no knowing when he would leave.
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否认完成停欣赏， deny, finish, stop, enjoy/appreciate
不禁介意准逃亡， can’t help, mind, allow/permit, escape 不准冒险凭想象。 forbid, risk, imagine
②有些动词既可后接动名词也可接不定式作宾 语。（有区别） to do 忘记去做某事 forget doing 忘记做过某事 to do 记得要去做某事 remember doing 记得做过某事 to do 打算去做某事 mean doing 意味着做某事
练习： 1) — Let’s have a rest． D yet. — Not now. I don’t want to stop ____ (MET 1985) A. study B. to study C. for studying D. studying 2) Let’s try _________at knocking the back door.(knock) I once tried ___________French(learn). to learn 3) I didn’t to mean ________your feeling.(hurt) to hurt This word means ________out at once.(set) setting
③有些动词既可后接动名词也可接不定式作宾语. （没大区别） 1) like, love, hate, prefer ,intend ,begin, start continue等，用不定式做宾语和v+ing形式做宾 语 *2) need/want/require/deserve doing sth. =need/want/require/deserve to be done.
常跟动词ing作宾语的动词口诀:
consider, suggest/advise, 考虑建议盼原谅， look forward to, excuse, pardon 承认推迟没得想， admit, delay/put off, fancy 避免错过继续练， avoid, miss, keep/keep on, practice
regret stop
to do 遗憾要做某事 doing 后悔做过某事
to do 停下正在做的事情去做另外一件事 doing 停下一直在做的某事 to do 设法做某事 doing 尝试做某事 to do 不能帮忙做某事 doing 忍不住做某事
try
can’t help
try to do sth.表示 “试图干……”，强调付出努 力，但不一定成功 try doing表示 “尝试干、干……试试”，含 有"看结果如何"之意。 ---I usually go there by train. ---Why not _________ by boat for a change? A. to try going B. trying to go C. to try and go D.try going
4. -ing形式作宾补：表示宾语正在进行的主动 性的动作, 强调一个过程或一种状态 ①感官动词：see, hear, notice, watch, feel, smell, look at, listen to, observe, find, catch e.g. 1) When we returned to the school, we found a stranger standing at the entrance. 2) I can smell something burning in the kitchen. 3) I felt somebody following me.
A SONG
LOVE
---By John Lennon
feeling • Love is real; real is love. Love is ________; feeling love. ________ wanting to be loved. • Love is ________ • Love is touch; touch is love. • Love is ________; reaching ________ reaching love. • Love is ________ asking to be loved. • Love is you, you and me. Love is knowing ________ we can be. leaving • Love is free; free is love. Love is ________; leaving love. ________ • Love is ________ needing to be loved.
*The girl standing there is my classmate. who stands there
6. -ing做状语 非谓语动词与状语从句关系紧密，学语法比较 高的境界，能够把从句变成非谓语 例如在写作中…… 当主句主语和从句主语一直时，我们对从句进 行大刀阔斧的删减 1）若从句为主系结构，则主语和系动词同进 同出 2）若非主系结构，则先把从句主语删掉，然 后把主语后的动词变成-ing形式 有时连接词可不要
①动名词直接置于句首主语的位置上。 1)冬天，将自己从被窝里拖出来，是人生最难的 任务之一了。 Getting out of bed winter is one of life’s ________________in hardest mission. 2)说比做容易。 Talking ________is easier than doing. 3)给予本身就是一个奖赏。 ______ Giving is a reward in itself.
②用形式主语it，把真正的主语 —— 动名词 结构移置句尾。 e.g. 1) It is no use crying over spilt milk. 2) 这事值得去努力。 It is worth/worthwhile _____________________making the effort.
一：简介 v+ing
动词的-ing
现在分词 动名词
在句中可以做： 主语，宾语，表语， 补语，定语，状语
1. -ing作主语时，句子有三种形式： ①动名词直接置于句首主语的位置上。 ②用形式主语it，把真正的主语 —— 动名词 结构移置句尾。 ③在there be结构中作主语，这种结构的意 思相当于“It is impossible to do… ”
注意： There is/was no need to do sth.
2. -ing作宾语
动宾 介宾
动宾： ①有些动词只能后接动名词作宾语； ②有些动词既可后接动名词也可接不定式作 宾语。（有区别） ③有些动词既可后接动名词也可接不定式作 宾语。（没大区别）
①有些动词只能后接动名词-ing作宾语
a dancing girl a moving story
A girl that is dancing A story that is moving
2) -ing 短语作定语，应放在所修饰的名词后, 相 当于一个定语从句。 *Three days later I received a letter offering me the job. which offered me the job.
介宾： give up/ insist on/ be interested in …
【重难点：固定搭配中to为介词】 devote to pay attention to look forward to *be used/accustomed to get down to 着手做某事 lead to 导致 object to 反对 be addicted to沉溺于…；对…上瘾
3. -ing形式作表语：表示主语的内容或是特征
1.Her hobby is_______ painting
2.The news is surprising.
她的爱好是画画。
exciting *区别：The news is __________.We are ________at the news(excite) excited
let sb. doing
×
5. -ing形式作定语 1) 分词单独做定语时，放在所修饰的名词前， 说明其修饰名词的性质或特征， “供作……之用”和“……的”
Explain the following phrases in simple English. a a A bag sleeping for sleeping bag sleeping boy
to clean 4) I can’t help ___________the room for I am too busy.(clean) After hearing the joke, we can’t help laughing _________(laugh) 5) Water is used to _______flowers(water) water I am used to _____________early.(get) getting up 6) Though it rained, they went on_________.(work) working We have finished Part 1. Let’s go on _________P to learn 2(Learn)
③在there be结构中作主语 “It is impossible to do… ” 1) There is no hiding of evil but not to do it． 2)无法知道他什么时候离开。 knowing when he would leave. There was no _________