研究生英语阅读答案
研究生英语阅读教程(课后翻译部分答案)
LESSON 11.因为英语是个杀手,正是英语造成了坎伯兰语,康沃尔语,诺恩语和马恩语等语言的消亡.在这些岛上还有相当多的人使用在英语到来之前就已存在的语言.然而,英语在日常生活中无处不在.所有的人或几乎所有的人都懂英语.英语对现存的凯尔特语:爱尔兰语、苏格兰盖尔语及威尔士语的威胁是如此之大，它们的未来岌岌可危。
2.同时，他认为这些政策和他称之为语言歧视（和种族歧、,性别歧视的情况类似"）的偏见密切相关。
在菲利普森看来，在以白人英语为主导的世界，最重要的机构和个人（有意或无意地）鼓励或者至少是容忍了（肯定没有反对）英语霸权主义式的传播。
这种传播始于三个世纪之前的经济及殖民扩张。
3.总的来说，我们现在或多或少地把这些语言看作有利的语言。
在谈到与之相关的文化及其为世界所做的贡献时，我们常怀有崇敬与赞赏，而且这样做也没有太大的风险，因为这些语言现在已不会构成什么威胁。
4.然而，许多人把英语看成是一件幸事。
在此，我暂且不谈任何世界语言所具有的明显优势，例如广泛的通信网，强大的文化传媒体系，及强有力的文化教育机构。
5.讲英语的南非英国后裔并不强烈反对种族隔离政权，而黑人反对力量，其成员讲多种语言，在初期软弱无力且缺乏组织。
6.这一象征表明这种世界通用语的使用者应充分发掘这一幸事为我们带来的好处，同时尽可能避免招来灾难。
LESSON 21.年初布什总统签署了一项《不让一个孩子落后》的重大法案,誓言要把“困在那些教学质量不佳又不进行改革的学校里的孩子”解救出来.2007 年7月1日美国教育部宣布有8652所学校被列为“长期教学质量低下”的学校,现在这些学校中的学生必须在今后的几天内考虑决定他们是否要转学, 同时各个学区也在忙着为符合转学条件的学生提供帮助和服务以抓住选择的机会。
２.对于那些在教学改革旋涡中挣扎的学校的校长、老师和学生来说，这一法案的直接后果则是迷惑与混乱。
他们认为该法案制订的教学改革标准太高而又没有说明各学区如何达到这些标准。
研究生英语阅读教程（提高级第三版）课后翻译答案（单独整理的）
1.就连乔·巴顿，对全球变暖持怀疑态度、来自得克萨斯州的共和党众议员，都谴责BP管理人员“对安全和环境问题表现得漠不关心”。
2.显然，考虑到清理费用和对BP 声誉的影响，高管们真希望可以回到过去，多花些钱让“深水地平线”更安全。
他们没有增加这笔费用就表明他们认为钻机在当时的状态下不会出问题。
3.埃克森公司瓦尔迪兹漏油事件发生后，在1990年的一个法案很少引人注意的一项条款中，美国国会将钻机泄漏清理费用的责任上限定为7500 万美元。
即使对旅游业、渔业等造成的经济损失高达数十亿美元，责任方也仅需要支付7500 万美元。
4.不过，如果认为我们目前仍然低估的只是那些突然间引人注目的风险，那是非常愚蠢的。
Lesson 21 It is a cliché, as it is to talk of apocalypse and nightm are, but when someth ing is beyond our experience, we reach for the points of refere nce we have. 说到世界末日和噩梦又是老生常谈，但是当事情超出我们的经验时，我们总会寻找现有的东西作为参照。
2 Lest you should ever forget the smalln ess of being human, the iconic Mount Fuji, instantly recognisable yet somehow differ ent on every viewin g, is an extinc t volcano. 唯恐你会忘记作为人类的渺小，标志性富士山，一眼即能认出但不知何故每次观看又呈现出不同景象，就是一座死火山。
研究生英语阅读教程答案-重庆大学出版社Unit3Technology
Unit 3 Technology课后练习答案Passage ARethinking What Leads the Way: Science, or New Technology?KEYS TO EXERCISESI. Reading comprehension1. D2. B3. A4. A5. B6. B7. B8. A9. D 10. DII. Vocabulary1. A2. A3. B4. B5. B6. C7. D8. B9. C 10. A11. D 12. A 13.D 14.A 15.A 16.C 17.A 18. B 19. A 20. AIII. Word bank1.cautious2. discrete3. arrive at4. prognostication5. reassessment6. inspiration7. endow8. automated9. elusive 10. theoreticalIV. Cloze1. A2. B3. D.4. D5. B6. A7. B8. A9. C 10. B1. A 12. B 13. C 14. D 15. CV. Translation1.Happiness is an illusion for some people and elusive to others, but for families who get theirrecipes right, happiness is an all-pervasive emotion that follows them wherever they go and whatever they do.2.Psychologists have also found that if you sleep after thinking about your problems there is abetter chance that you arrive at a solution the next day.3.Setbacks can help you accumulate experience, and experience can, in return, enrich your mind.4.His talk was evocative of the bygone days.5.In this world, what is it to set apart people who love each other?6.What can't be denied is that technology, no matter its faults, makes life a whole lot easier. Itallows us to communicate with more people in less time; it can make conversation simple—no small talk required. It can be therapeutic: robots are now used to help care for the elderly.But it can also be seductive, providing more stimulation than our natural lives. But is anyone of those feelings on par with the kind we feel when engaged in real, face-to-face intimacy?Online, you can ignore others' feelings. In a text message, you can avoid eye contact. That doesn't spell disaster, but it does mean we might want to start thinking about the way we want to live.VI. Discussion1.How does technology influence our life?2.How do you think about the issue of food safety?课文参考译文重新考量孰先孰后：科学还是技术？设想一下如果没有显微镜、望远镜以及像DNA自动测序这样更为先进的新进技术的话，科学会是什么状态？这样的科学仍然植根于人类的感知和推理。
研究生英语阅读Unit1课后答案
Unit 1EnvironmentLearning ObjectivesAt the end of the unit, students will be able to:1.have some general knowledge about the environment;2.know about various kind of environmental problems;3.talk about the causes, effects, and measures people should take about theenvironmental problems;4. master the key words and expressions concerning the environment.Part I Warm-up ActivitiesA Directions:The following are some of the organizations devoted to theenvironmental protection. Match them with the corresponding Chinese translations.A. 联合国人类居住中心B. 绿色和平组织C. 国际环境情报网D. 联合国环境规划署E. 绿党F. 联合国环境与发展大会G. 国际自然和自然资源保护协会1. United Nations Environment Program (UNEP) D 联合国环境规划署2. International Environment Information System C 国际环境情报网3. Green Peace Organization B 绿色和平组织4. Green Party E 绿党5. International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN)G 国际自然和自然资源保护协会6. United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED)F 联合国环境与发展大会7. United Nations Center for Human Settlements (UNCHS)A 联合国人类居住中心B Directions:Below are three pictures conveying the environmental problems. Joina partner, talk about what specific environmental problems they are. Then discussabout their causes, effects and the measures people have to take to deal with these problems.1. What is the environmental phenomenon?2. What causes this environmental phenomenon?3. What are the effects of this environmental phenomenon?4. How can the human do to improve this situation?Part II Listening1. DeforestationA Directions: Listen to a report about deforestation over the past 10 years. Choose one item among A, B, C and D which best matches each of the following questions.1)What is the main cause of deforestation? (C)A.The cutting down of tropical trees for urban facilities.B.The global warming.C.The cutting down of tropical trees for agriculture.D.The forest fires.2)How much area of forest was cut down or lost through natural causes each year inthe last ten years? (C)A.Over four billion hectares.B. Sixteen million hectares.C. Thirteen million hectares.D. Seven million hectares.3)Which of the following countries have reduced their deforestation rates? (D)A. China and India.B. Brazil and Vietnam.C. China, India, Vietnam and America.D. Brazil and Indonesia.4)Which of the following areas have the highest yearly loss of forests during the lastten years? (B)A.North America and Central America.B. Asia and Europe.B.South America and Africa. D. South Africa and Asia.5)According to Eduardo Rojas, what made the rate of deforestation decrease aroundthe world? (B)A.Tree-planting programs.B.Improvement of forest policies and regulations at local and internationallevels.C.The result of the International Year of Biodiversity.D.The forest protection by the native people.TapescriptThe United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization says deforestation has decreased over the past ten years. But it still continues at a high rate in many countries. Deforestation is mainly caused by the cutting down of tropical forests to provide land for agriculture. The world's total forest area is just over four billion hectares. About thirteen million hectares of forest were cut down or lost through natural causes each year in the last ten years. This compares with about sixteen million hectares per year during the nineteen nineties.The FAO study covers two hundred thirty-three countries and areas. The study found that Brazil and Indonesia have reduced their deforestation rates. The two countries had the highest loss of forests in the nineteen nineties. In addition, the study noted tree-planting programs in countries such as China, India, Vietnam and the United States. These programs, along with natural expansion of forests in some areas, have added more than seven million hectares of new forests each year.South America and Africa had the highest yearly loss of forests during the last ten years. South America lost four million hectares. Africa lost almost three and a half million hectares. However, Asia gained more than two million hectares a year in the last decade. In North America and Central America, the forest area remained about the same. In Europe, it continued to expand, but at a slower rate than earlier. Eduardo Rojas is assistant director-general of F.A.O.’s Forestry Department. He said for the first time, the rate of deforestation has decreased around the world. This is the result of efforts taken at local and international levels. Mister Rojas said countries have improved their forest policies and legislation. They have also provided forests for use by local communities and native peoples and for the protection of biological diversity. He said this is a welcome message in two thousand ten – the International Year of Biodiversity.However, Mister Rojas said the rate of deforestation is still very high in many areas. He said countries must strengthen their efforts to better protect and manage their forests.2. Unknown Future Climate Change EffectsA Direction:In this section you will hear a report about the unknown long-termeffects of rising temperatures. Listen and check the words and phrases as you hear them.√long-term effects☐reproduce☐potential disadvantages and consequences√longer growing seasons☐ a number of policies and regulations√concentrates on the role of agriculture☐climate change effects on industry☐immigration☐the depth of the planet√temperature√insect populationsB Directions：In this section you will hear a report about the unknown long-termeffects of rising temperatures. Listen and answer the following questions.1) What are the BRICS countries?They are Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa as well as the United States and Indonesia.2）What did the ancient Greek philosopher Socrates once say?I know that I don’t know.3) What did Nelson say that they need to do?He said they needed to do a much better job of collecting data4) Why do the changes on the surface of the planet seem beneficial at first glance?Farmers see longer growing seasons and wetter springs.5) What has recent research shown as the temperature increases get above 30 or 31 to 31 or 33?Recent research has shown substantial drop-off in yields .TapescriptScientists say many of the long-term effects of rising temperatures are still unknown. They're discussing the problem at the U.N. climate change conference in Durban, South Africa. Researchers say climate change is a complex mix of potential benefits and consequences, especially regarding food production.In early November, researchers from several countries met in Beijing. They represented the so-called BRICS countries –Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa – as well as the United States and Indonesia. They discussed climate change and food security and agreed on a number of issues and recommendations to present to the Durban conference.One of those researchers –Gerald Nelson –said they came up with a work program for climate change treaty negotiators. It concentrates on the role of agriculture.Nelson is a senior fellow at IFPRI, the Washington-based International Food Policy Research Institute.The ancient Greek philosopher Socrates is quoted as saying, "I know that I don't know." Nelson said it's not that researchers don't know anything about climate change, it's just that they need to know a lot more."Our research results, our understanding of what's going on on the surface of the planet today, is really hindered by a lack of data. We just have very little information about the actual changes that are taking place on the planet. We are still groping, perhaps not in the complete dark, but with only very limited illumination, to understand those changes. And we need to do a much better job of collecting data about where things are changing and how they're changing," he said.At first glance, some of the changes being seen appear to be beneficial, at least for now."Take for example, in Iowa, farmers there are seeing longer growing seasons. They're planting earlier in the year. They're seeing wetter springs, with more summer precipitation happening. If you take a look at China, you see that Heilongjiang Province, which used to have essentially no rice production, now accounts for 15 percent of China's rice production. In the northern parts of Russia, you're finding grain growing that was not possible to grow there 20 or 30 years ago," he said.But what if global temperatures continue to rise? Would those apparent benefits continue? Maybe not."In the short run, they do seem to be positive," said Nelson, "That is, rice production further north because it's warmer potentially is a good thing for China. It's harder to sort out the climate signals as you get towards the middle of the planet. It's the northern extremes where you can see it earlier. But of course that's with the climate change we have so far."Nelson says predictions call for substantially greater temperature increases. He says there's been about a one degree Celsius rise over the past 100 years. But theforecast is for a two degree Celsius increase by 2050. Such an increase, he says, could have a dramatic effect on corn or maize.Nelson and others at the Beijing meeting came up with a list of 12 climate change priorities. One of them warns that a rise in temperature can also mean a rise in pests that attack crops."For insects, in particular, as the temperatures rise then they reproduce more rapidly. So, instead of having three cycles of a pest per season you might end up with four or five. And that means more damage to the plants as they grow," he said.And as temperatures rise, regions may lose killing frosts, which help limit insect populations. As for weeds, many are thriving in the richer CO2 or carbon dioxide environment.Then there are ruminants, animals that produce lots of methane gas while digesting their food. Nelson says methane is much more powerful than CO2. More nations are expected to raise livestock for food as their lifestyles improve.Other priority areas include soil ecosystems, irrigation, land use, biotechnology, food supply storage losses and training for researchers, farmers and others to better deal with climate change.3. Carbon FootprintsA Directions: You will hear a passage about how to reduce our “carbon footprints”.Listen and answer the following questions.1) What is the average carbon footprint per person in the United Kingdom eachyear?Ten thousand kilograms.2) What does domestic energy consumption include?It includes both our gas and electricity3）What does recycle mean?Recycle means reuse things instead of easting them by just throwing them away.B Directions:Listen to the passage again. Complete the summary.Jackie Dalton and his colleagues intends to find out about how they can help the environment by changing the way they shop, travel and 1) use energy in their daily lives.A “carbon footprint” is a technical term to 2) measure the degree of harm people cause to the environment. It is decided by how much “greenhouse gas emissions” we each produce. The average carbon footprint per person in the United Kingdom each year is 3) ten thousand kilograms. According to David Reay, the environment expert, we are seeing 4) rapid increases in greenhouse gas and will see rapid climate change and need more time to adapt and to get more time we need to reduce 5) the rate of emissions that we are producing. We can bring down our emissions by as much as 60% without 6) changing our lifestyle radically. For example, we can use the energysaving light-bulbs, use more 7) public transport and use trains. Furthermore, John Barrett from the Stockholm Environment Institute lists the 8) domestic energy consumption as the main thing in our daily life that harms the environment. TapescriptJackie: Do you throw your bottles in the bin, drive a big heavy car, or leave the lights switched on when you go out? I’m Jackie Dalton and, as part of National Science Week in Britain, we are going to find out about how we can help the environment by changing the way we shop, travel and use energy in our daily lives: how we can reduce our “carbon footprints”. A “carbon footprint”is a measure of how much harm we cause to the environment in our everyday lives.It depends on how much “greenhouse gas emissions”we each produce.Greenhouse gases are gasses which have a warming effect on the Earth’s surface, causing what we call the “greenhouse effect”and climate change –changes in the general weather conditions. The average carbon footprint per person in the United Kingdom each year is ten thousand kilograms! What can we do to reduce this? As we find out, we’ll also practise some helpful expressions we can use when talking about the environment. We’ve heard a few already. Just as a reminder, they were:Voice: greenhouse gas emissionsthe greenhouse effectclimate changeJackie: We’re about to hear from environment expert, David Reay. Why does he think we need to reduce our carbon footprints?David: At the moment we’re seeing rapid increases in greenhouse gas. So we’ll see very rapid climate change and we need more time to adapt and to get more time we need to reduce the rate of emissions that we’re producing. So, really,each of us can play a role in giving us a bit more time.Jackie: Well, he says greenhouse gas emissions have gone up which means the climate will change quickly. And we need more time to adapt. To change theway we behave. So what are the main things in our daily lives that areharming the environment? John Barrett from the Stockholm EnvironmentInstitute is about to list three. What are they?John: Domestic energy consumption – that includes both our gas and electricity. Our transport use - again, combining air travel and our car travel… car travel at the moment being by far the most significant, although air travel is increasing rapidly. And, also, our food consumption…the distance our food has to travel, techniques, methods required to provide us with our food.Jackie: Did you get the answer? The three things were domestic energy consumption, which means the energy we use at home when we do things like watch television. The second was transport. And thirdly, food. Here in the UK, we drink bottled water from Canada, eat apples flown in from New Zealand and beans from Kenya…when w e can get all of these things here anyway! What a waste of energy! But we can make a difference. Two questions now: by howmuch could each of us cut down our carbon footprints? And would we have to make a big change to the way we live our lives? Weekender © BBC Learning EnglishDavid: There’s a lot we can do, lots of these small things to bring down our emissions significantly, so 60% is the figure which is the possibility for most people, without changing their lifestyle radically, the small things - the energy saving light-bulbs, using more public transport, using trains. These things can really make a big difference.Jackie: The answers to the questions are David thinks we can cut down out emissions by as much as 60%. We can do this without radical changes to our lifestyle –we would only have to make small changes in the way we live. So how much effort are people making already to reduce their carbon footprints? Do many ‘recycle’ which means re-use things instead of wasting them by just throwing them away? Listen to these people telling us what they do to help the environment.Insert(‘What I do to help the environment.’)Jackie: Well, if you want to measure your own carbon footprints and find out how you can make a difference, you can always go to the links at the bottom of our webpage. Meanwhile, don’t forget to turn off your lights when you don’t need them on, recycle your bottles and next time you’re about to switch on the TV, ask yourself whether you wouldn’t just rather go for a walk instead!4. Hybrid CarsA Directions:You will hear a passage about an introduction to hybrid cars. Whilelistening for the first time, write down some key words in the notes column.B Directions:Listen to the passage again and decide whether the followingstatements are true or false.1) By hybrid cars, we mean the cars are mixes between cars which are powered by petrol and cars which are powered by electricity. ( T ) 2) You need to recharge a hybrid car every day by plugging it into an electrical outlet.( F ) 3) Hybrid cars typically emit half the polluting particles of a regular car.( T ) 4) Fuel economy is a term which means how much fuel you can save on one liter or gallon of petrol. ( F ) 5) Hybrid cars are cheaper compared with all-gas counterparts in terms of the cars themselves, repairing, etc. ( F ) TapescriptThe word hybrid means a mixture of two ‘species’. For example, it’s possible to breed a tiger and a lion, and the resulting offspring isn’t 100% tiger and isn’t 100% lion –it’s a hybrid, a mix between the two animals. When we talk about cars being hybrid, we mean they are mixes between cars which are powered by petrol and cars which are powered by electricity.Most vehicles are, technically, hybrids, as they have batteries which are responsible for starting the car and powering headlights and other accessories. Many bus systems use hybrid technology – they may be partly powered by petrol, and partly powered by overhead electrical lines. However, we tend to use the term hybrid today not to mean these types of vehicles, but rather a car which uses a battery (that is, electricity) t o keep the engine going so that it doesn’t need to use as much petrol as other cars.Many people think that you need to recharge a hybrid car every day by plugging it into an electrical outlet. This is not true –in fact the battery is automatically recharged when you use the car.It’s a bit complicated, but basically, the car takes the energy generated when you use the brakes and adds it to the battery. I will mention, however, that some car manufacturers are now adding this as an option – Owners of some models can plug in their car overnight and run on only electricity for short trips.So what are some arguments in favor of hybrids? Well, first of all, people today are interested in the environment, talk about the environment, are concerned about the environment, and want to view themselves as part of the solution, not part of the problem. Probably the most popular reason to buy hybrid cars is that it says something about your attitude towards environmental concerns. A driver of a hybrid car is advertising his or her concern for the environment and is signaling that he or she is doing their part to solve the problem of air pollution.Of course, hybrid cars do help reduce air pollution. Hybrid cars typically emit half the polluting particles of a regular car. Of course, we should note that electric cars, cars which run only on electricity, emit no polluting particles, and are thereforemuch more environmentally friendly than hybrids.Another reason might be overall cost. Hybrid cars have better fuel economy than regular petrol-powered cars. Fuel economy is a term which means, basically, how far you can go on one liter or gallon of petrol. If you can go farther with less petrol, you will save money in the long run. This is very important to some consumers due to rising petrol costs.Some governments subsidize this technology, that is, they support the development of the technology by giving consumers extra incentive to buy hybrid cars. For example, in some countries, you do not have to pay as much tax on the purchase of a hybrid car as you would have to on a regular car. This is generally called a tax break and is another reason why a cost-conscious consumer might buy a hybrid car.What are the downsides, then? Well, first of all, there is a general perception of hybrid cars as being less powerful than ordinary cars. It’s true that you will generally not get the same power out of a hybrid, so if you are one of those people who like driving fast, you may not enjoy driving a hybrid.The second thing most people bring up as a disadvantage is the price. Hybrids are pricey. In general, they are about 20 percent more expensive than their all-gas counterparts. There are signs that this will change in the future – that hybrids will become less expensive with time, but for t he moment, you’ll have to be prepared to pay more. In addition to this, getting your hybrid repaired, if it needs repairing, will be more of a hassle and more expensive as there are relatively few mechanics out there who can handle hybrid repairs. Replacement parts may not be as easy to obtain, further driving up the cost and time of repair.Part III WatchingDirection: The extract is taken from the documentary “Home”. Watch the video and answer the questions.1) Why is methane compared to a climatic time bomb?Because methane is a greenhouse gas 20 times more powerful than carbon dioxide.2)What will happen if the permafrost melts?If the permafrost melts, the methane underground will emit and the greenhouse effect will be out of control with consequences no one can predict.AudioscriptHere in Siberia and elsewhere across the globe, it is so cold that the ground is constantly frozen. It’s known as permafrost. Under its surface lies a climatic time bomb: methane, a greenhouse gas 20 times more powerful than carbon dioxide.If the permafrost melts, the methane released would cause the greenhouse effect to race out of control, with consequences no one can predict. We would literally be inunknown territory. Humanity has no more than 10 years to reverse the trend and avoid crossing into this territory?Life on Earth as we have never known it. We have created phenomena we cannot control. Since our origins, water, air and forms of life are intimately linked. But recently, we have broken those links. Let’s face the facts. We must believe what we know. All that we have just seen is a reflection of human behavior. We have shaped the Earth in our image. We have very little time to change. How can this century carry the burden of nine billion human beings... if we refuse to be called to account for everything we alone have done?Part IV Oral PracticeRole Play: An interview on TVDirections: You are interviewing an official with the United Nations Environment Program (UNEP) as a host (hostess) at a local TV station. You put forward several questions concerning the environmental protection and methods different nations adopt to protect the earth.Possible questions for the host (hostess)—What do you think are the biggest problems facing the environment?—Do you think that global warming is caused by humans or part of the natural cycle of the earth?—Have any countries implemented any initiatives or policies to protect the environment, such as recycling, litter laws, etc.? Have they made any effects? —What do you think is more responsible for pollution, individual people or the government?—What do you think about the potential of alternative energy sources or renewable energy such as solar power, wind power and wave power?—Do you think overpopulation is an important issue?—What do you think of environmental groups like Greenspace?—According to a report, China’s investment in renewable energy grew 18% in 2007 to $15.6 billion, accounting for 10% of the global investment in this area. What do you think of this?—What can every individual do to protect our environment?Enrichment Reading (略)。
研究生学术综合英语test阅读答案及翻译
Governments that want their people to prosper in the burgeoning world economy 51. Which of the following is true about Olson?关于Olson，以下哪项是正确的He taught economics at the University of Maryland.他在马里兰大学教授经济学。
52. Which of the following represents Olson's point of view?以下哪项代表奥尔森的观点？Protecting individual property rights encourages wealth building.保护个人财产权可以促进财富的积累。
53. What does Olson think about mass production?奥尔森如何看待批量生产？It's property intensive.这是财产密集型54. What is the basis for the banking system?银行体系的基础是什么？A contract system that can be enforced.可以强制执行的合同系统。
55. According to Olson, what is the reason for the poor economies of Third World countries?奥尔森认为，第三世界国家经济欠佳的原因是什么？Lack of secure individual property rights.缺乏安全的个人财产权。
56. What is the other economists' opinion about the poor economies of the Third World?其他经济学家对第三世界的贫困经济有何看法？A free market is not let to determine the prices and quantities of goods.自由市场不允许确定商品的价格和数量。
研究生英语阅读教程(李光立基础级第三版)1-12课后习题答案翻译
A. evolveB. Constitute形成C. tolerateD. aroused
9. Because of this, a strong administrative ______ was needed to plan the use of scarce resources, organize production and regulate distribution.
10. But if animal populations are too small, then they simplydie out.
III. Cloze
There are ten blanks in the following passage. Read the passage carefully and choose the best answer from the four choices given for each blank. [criteria: (1)semantic/ (2)grammatic]
point upby and largetake indescentfor good or ill
leave asidecrystal cleardie outendangerlay... at the door of
1. The book concludes with a review of the possible impact (influence) of more intimate computersfor good or ill, in various areas of human life.
研究生学术综合英语test阅读答案及翻译
Governments that want their people to prosper in the burgeoning world economy 51. Which of the following is true about Olson?关于Olson，以下哪项是正确的He taught economics at the University of Maryland.他在马里兰大学教授经济学。
52. Which of the following represents Olson's point of view?以下哪项代表奥尔森的观点？Protecting individual property rights encourages wealth building.保护个人财产权可以促进财富的积累。
53. What does Olson think about mass production?奥尔森如何看待批量生产？It's property intensive.这是财产密集型54. What is the basis for the banking system?银行体系的基础是什么？A contract system that can be enforced.可以强制执行的合同系统。
55. According to Olson, what is the reason for the poor economies of Third World countries?奥尔森认为，第三世界国家经济欠佳的原因是什么？Lack of secure individual property rights.缺乏安全的个人财产权。
56. What is the other economists' opinion about the poor economies of the Third World?其他经济学家对第三世界的贫困经济有何看法？A free market is not let to determine the prices and quantities of goods.自由市场不允许确定商品的价格和数量。
研究生英语阅读教程答案-重庆大学出版社 Unit7 Biography
Unit 7 Biography课后练习答案Passage AFriedrich Engels: A Very Special Business AngelThe self-effacing friend who enabled Das Kapital to be writtenKeys to ExercisesI Reading Comprehension1. C2. B3. B4. D5. C6. D7. A8. B9. D 10. CII. Vocabulary1. C2. C3. B4. A5. D6. B7. D8. B9. C 10. A 11. D 12. D 13. C 14. B 15. D 16. B 17. B 18. C 19. C 20. AIII. Word Bank1. embark2. grumpily3. collaborated4. on and off5. play second fiddle6. ruthless7. tied up8. hand in glove with9. big-hearted 10. hangers-onIV. Cloze1-5 DBCCA 6-10 BDCBD 11-15 ABCCBV. Translation1.Postmen are forced to walk faster and deliver back-breaking quantities of junk mail.2.In history, the rise of great powers is often brutal and bloody.3.Whenever you have an aim you must sacrifice something of freedom to attain it.ernment agencies, however, have found ways of making computer companies hand overthose keys.5.You should learn to stop blaming others for your failures, and to take responsibility for yourown destiny.6.In May 1857 a Commission to study the whole question of the army medical service began tosit. The price was high. Florence Nightingale was doing this grueling work because it was vital, not because she had chosen it. She had changed. Now she was more brilliant in argument than ever, more efficient, more knowledgeable, more persistent and penetrating in her reasoning, scrupulously just, mathematically accurate—but she was pushing herself to the very limits of her capacity at the expense of all joy.课文参考翻译商贾天使弗里德里希〃恩格斯使《资本论》得以问世的谦卑友人去年秋天金融危机爆发之际，卡尔〃马克思的《资本论》（1867年初版）一跃登上了各个畅销书排行榜。
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Unit 1Genetically Modified Foods—Feed the World?(2)Finding it difficult to adapt to the climate there(3)to have no access to the health service(4)an important role in prospering and developing(5)a depression in yield and a reduction in quality(6)could have made a good salary(7)We cannot estimate the value of modern science and technology too much.(8)The insurance company will recoup the farmers for the loss caused by the flood.(9)During the SARS outbreak, the lack of hygiene in poor countries had devastatingconsequences to all people of the world.(10)T his University Library is one of the largest Libraries in China, with a stack ofover 2.3 million volumes. It supports the University’s research and teaching acrossa full range of subjects, and provides information about the Library’s collectionsand services in each subject area.(11)T he recession has hit middle-income and poor families hardest, widening theeconomic gap between the richest and poorest Americans as job layoffs ravaged household budgets.(12)C hina's government declared two strains of genetically modified rice safe toproduce and consume, taking a major step toward endorsing the use of biotechnology in the staple food crop of billions of people in Asia. China is the world's top producer and consumer of rice, so its use of modified varieties has the potential to alter the grain's global supply patterns. China's officials have been less constrained by public pressure over the sometimes-controversial use of biotechnology in food than officials in other countries. The government has long supported research into agricultural biotechnology as part of a drive to ensure the nation remains self-sufficient in staple crops.IV. Cloze1. species2. predictable3. unrelated4. different5. into6. produce7. seeing8. also9. obvious 10. inserted11. nobody 12. approved 13. apparently 14. humans 15. risksUnit 2The Biology of Skin Color: Black and White(2)He was not severely punished for his crime(3)advance our knowledge of the HIV virus.(4)when taken according to the instruction(5)to have no access to the health service(6)He has some vague ideas about what to do(7)After three days of dismay they submitted to him and begged his forgiveness.(8)No sooner had the controversy within the administration been settled than anothermore violent storm burst over the country(9)The UN and its agencies protect vulnerable groups, like children, refugees,displaced persons, minorities, indigenous people and the disabled.(10)A recent research finds that Listening to loud music while driving can seriouslyhamper reaction times and cause accidents.(11)D uring the SARS outbreak, the lack of effective medicines and doctors haddevastating consequences to all people of the world.(12)W hen it comes to your skin, there is an extremely important fact that you mustkeep in mind: Your skin is the largest organ of your body. As an obvious result, skin health and maintenance is crucial. Your skin does everything from protecting you from the elements to assisting you with breathing. Your skin keeps your body hydrated and regulates your body's temperature. In the end, this really is only the beginning of all of the various vital functions that your skin provides to you every moment of your life.IV. Cloze1 hard2 surprisingly3 represents4 out5 identify6 within7 damaged8 down9 comes 10 whyUnit 3Can Dirt Do a Little Good?(2)To allow diverse economic sectors to coexist with state economy(3)no place can compare with their own hometown.(4)you are at risk of losing your driver’s license(5)more and more intriguing.(6)the controversy has been settled.(7)The government is making efforts to eradicate racial discriminating.(8)In practical appraisal, the basic premise is to determine the value of the property.(9)The financial market system is being completed, and the distribution andutilization efficiency of social capital have increased steadily.(10)O nly when we give full play to man's initiative can we make full use of machinesto transform nature.(11)T he era in which the Chinese people were regarded as uncivilized is now ended.We shall emerge in the world as a nation with an advanced culture.(12)N ow a Bristol University dental scientist has discovered that a common bacteriaresponsible for tooth decay and gum disease can break out into the bloodstream and help blood clots to form. In turn these can cause heart attacks and strokes, which together cause more than 200,000 deaths in Britain every year. People need to be aware that as well keeping a check on their diet, blood pressure, cholesterol and fitness levels, they also need to maintain good dental hygiene to minimizetheir risk of heart problems.IV. Cloze1. to2. significant3. breast-fed4. who5. hypothesized6. months7. laboratory8. rate9.terms 10. revealed 11.overfeedUnit 4Is Time Travel Possible?(2)With the passage of time(3)the increase in demand results in /causes the rise in prices(4)that education is not complete with graduation(5)make my head swim(6)what had happened by then(7)Science seeks the unity under the chaos of natural phenomena.(8)So what we've done is to dedicate ourselves to saving something of what's left.(9)Indeed a man, whose heart is pretty clean, can indulge in this pursuit with anenjoyment that never ceases.(10)B ut these tasks will ultimately be restructured to better match user goals in thefinal design.(11)S ubsequently, the fine particles are widely dispersed in the atmosphere anddescend to earth very slowly.(12)A Chinese astronaut has made the historic first step in outer space for his country.With the successful spacewalk, China has become the third country, after the United States and Russia, to do so. Cheering erupted in the control room when Chinese astronaut Zhai Zhigang opened the hatch of the Shenzhou 7 spacecraft and went outside.IV. Cloze1. called2. spacecraft3. revealed4. feasible5. unlikely6. colonization7. minerals8. approach9. establishing 10. added11. available 12. as 13. solving 14. event 15. volunteerUnit 5The End of Email Age(2)the reign of Gorge III.(3)take hold of my hand(4)Thanks to this contract(5)but got stuck in the last one(6)gripe about hospital services(7)All the good stuff in the house belonged to only me, and there were no brothers orsisters to vie with me for my parents' love.(8)As they had been intimate from their earliest youth, the force of habit maintainedpeace between them.(9)Today let 's start all over again and figure out just how we are going to market thisproduct.(10)I f, by chance, the recipient of the message happens to be online at the time thatyour message is received, a response may be back in just minutes.(11)D on t set your goals by what other people deem important. Only you know what isbest for you.(12)E mail can be a great tool in helping us multitask and set our own timetables forcommunicating with friends, family and co-workers. In related research, email may make users feel less responsible for telling the truth. people are more willing to lie when communicating via email than with pen and paper, and feel more justified doing so. This was true regardless of whether the writers were told their falsehood would be discovered by others.IV. Cloze1. Watched2. via3. which4. across5. list6. position7. engine8. with9. substantially 10.onUnit 6Are Cell Phones Safe?(2)particularly in regard to taxation(3)the extent of corruption and abuse of power(4)the risks posed by hazardous materials.(5)The incidence of this disease(6)without the problems posed by global warming(7)Yet there were two main barriers to the enforcement of such regulations.(8)You can narrow the odds of a terrible accident happening in your home by beingmore safety-conscious.(9)Dr. Johnson argued that there is a strong correlation between teenage crime andlow educational achievement.(10)L ocal authorities have therefore been unable, and unwilling, to part with their ownmeagre resources.(11)M icrosoft Corp. has filed suit against a Houston computer manufacturer as part ofa nationwide crackdown on software piracy.(12)S tudies so far suggest a weak connection between EMFs and illness–so weak thatit might not exist at all. A multinational investigation of cellphones and brain cancer, in 13 countries outside the US, has been underway for several years. It’s funded in part by the European Union, in part by a cellphone industry group. The final report should come out later this year, but data so far don’t suggest a strong link between cellphone use and cancer risk。