语法---宾语从句

语法---宾语从句小口诀：宾语从句三注意，时态语序引导词；主句一般现在时，从句不需受限制；主句一般过去时，从句须用相应时；陈述转化that引，一般疑问用if/whether, 特殊问句疑问词，引导词后陈述式。

一．基本讲解来源：直接引语变间接引语概念:在句中担当宾语的从句叫宾语从句，可做V谓/介词短语的宾语。

Eg: He said,“I am good at drawing”.He said he was good at drawing. (动词宾语)Miss Zhang is angry at what you said. (介词宾语)1.引导词(1) that引导宾语从句时，通常用陈述句充当, that可省略。

Eg: She said,“I want to go there ”She said (that) she wanted to go there.They all know (that) Jim is good at skating.(2) whether 或if 引导的宾语从句,由一般疑问句/选择疑问句充当，陈述语序。

Eg: “Are you interested in geography?” she said.She asked if/whether I was interested in geography.I wonder if /whether she has told the new to Li Lei .I’m not sure whether he will come or not.注意：一般情况下，whether 和if 可以互用，但有些情况例外a. 介词短语后只用whether 不用ifeg: We are talking about whether we'll go on the panic.b. 引导词与动词不定式或or not 连用时，只用whether.eg:I can‟t say whether or not he will come on timec. if当如果讲时,引导的是条件状语从句，表示‘如果’，不能用whether.Eg: If you want to be a good teacher, it will take times.Whether you can succeed depends on how much effort you pay.(3).特殊疑问词引导宾语从句时，不可省略，陈述句语序。

特殊疑问词为：how , when, where, why ,which whose.What 引导宾从时做主语或宾语或表语等。

E.g. …What do you want?‟ He asked. He asked me what I wanted.I have no idea where he is now. I don‟t know how to deal with it.He asked whose handwriting is the best in the class.对比下列句子，看what 做什么成分：He asked what was the wrong/matter with me.（what 做主语）He doesn‟t know what to do now(做宾语)He asked me who he was.(who 做表语)2.宾语从句时态a.主句为一般现在时，从句不受主句的限制eg: Do you know if/whether he has seen the film?I‟m sorry to hear that your father is ill.She says she is going to go to Beijing next week.He tells me that his sister came back yesterday.b.当主句是一般过去时，从句用过去的相应某种时态She didn‟t know why the boy was late again. (过去一般)I didn't know if/whether he had seen the film.（过去完成）I wondered when she was going to America.（过去将来）注意：当主句是一般过去时，而从句表示的是客观真理，自然现象，科学原理，格言等，从句仍然要用一般现在时。

例如：Eg: He said （that the earth moves round the sun. / that light travels much faster than sound.）The teacher told us （seeing is believing.）3.语序：陈述语序，主+谓+其他* when will you leave for Beijing?（Could you please tell me）Could you please tell me when you will leave for Beijing?*Has she seen the movie？（He asked.）He asked if she had seen the movie.*Could you tell me what's the matter\wrong with you?二、宾语从句的转化1.当主句谓语动词是hope，wish，decide，forget，plan，agree等，且主从句主语一致时可简化为不定式结构。

如：Eg:She agreed that she could help me with my math.→She agreed t o help me with my math.2.当主句的谓语动词是know, learn, forget, remember, decide等后面有特殊疑问词引导的宾从时，可以简化成“疑问词＋不定式结构”。

例如：Eg: She forgot what she should take.→ she forget to take it3. 当主句谓语动词是find，see，watch，hear等感官动词时，从句常简化为“宾语＋宾补”结构，宾补为不带to的不定式或V-ing形式。

如：She found that the wallet lay/was lying on the ground.→She found the wallet lie/lying on the ground.三．否定转移e.g. I don‟t think he is cool. 我认为他并不酷常用词：believe，suppose等四．注意问题和易错点1.由粗心大意导致语序的错乱，长从句也只有主谓宾语序，不要受引导词的影响（可暂时忽略引导词，直接看从句）2. Whether/if 用法傻傻分不清（whether 是否，if是否/如果）3.从句中介词短语的介词弄丢Eg: I don‟t know who she is looking at.(容易丢了at )4.宾从和定从同时出现完全不知所措（宾从是作宾语，谁做了什么，说了什么，谁想知道什么等，定从修饰名词，引导词只有who/that/who/whose/which/as/when/where/why ，what 不能用语定从，只用于宾从）5. 混淆视觉的句子，错当是疑问句Jim didn‟t know what was wrong with his computer.宾语从句专项习题巩固练习1.Have you decided ________for Australia?A. when will you leaveB. when do you leaveC. you will leave whenD. when you will leave2.Can you tell me _________ ?A. where does Tom liveB. where Tom livedC. Tom lives whereD. where Tom lives3.The old man asked me ________ .A. where was the cinemaB. where is the cinemaC. where the cinema wasD. where was the way to the cinema4.I think _______ you will like him.A. thatB. ifC. whyD. how5.I didn‟t know _______ he will come or not.A. thatB. whetherC. weatherD. how6.I wonder _________ .A. how much cost these shoesB. how much do these shoes costC. how much these shoes costD. how much are these shoes cost7.She asked me _________A. who he wasB. who was heC. who is heD. who he is8.Ask him ___.A. whose cup this isB. whose cup is thisC. this is whose cupD. whose is this cup9.I don‟t know _________ .A. what time the movie startsB. what time starts the movieC. the time to start the movieD. the movie what time starts10.The doctor asked me how long ________ .A. was I illB. have I been illC. I have been illD. I had been ill11.The weather forecast doesn‟t say _________.A. if it rains tomorrowB. if does it rain tomorrowC. if it will rain tomorrowD. if will it rain tomorrow12.Do you know _________?A. whose pen is thisB. whose pen this isC. whom does the pen belong toD. whom the pen belong to13.Could you tell me where _________?A. the tape wasB. was the tapeC. the tape isD. is the tape14.They want to know _________?A. where is the hospitalB. how old are youC. when the train will leaveD. why is the boy crying15.Tony wanted to know _________.A. what had Father Christmas put in his stockingB. when Father Christmas had put in his stockingC. what Father Christmas had put in his stockingD. where Father Christmas had put in his stocking16.No one knows ___ the professor will come to our school tomorrow to give us a talk or not.A. whenB. whetherC. whereD. if17.July didn‟t know_________.A. where is Tim‟s fatherB. when was the first watch madeC. who the old man isD. what was wrong with her watch18.No one told us _________, so we need your help.A. how should we doB. what we should doC. what to doD. what should we do19.We don‟t know _________ with the rubbish and it pollutes out land and sea.A. how do itB. how to doC. what do itD. what to do20.He asked me _________.A. whether I find out the sender of the moneyB. whether did I find out the sender of the moneyC. whether the sender of the money found outD. whether I found out the sender of the money能力提高练习1. I don't know _________ he will come tomorrow. _________ he comes, I'll tell you．A. if; WhetherB. whether; WhetherC. if; ThatD. if; If2. I don't know _________ the day after tomorrow.A. when does he comeB. how will he comeC. if he comesD. whether he'll come3. Could you tell me ____the nearest hospital is?A. whatB. howC. whetherD. where4. Could you tell me _________ the radio without any help?A. how did he mendB. what did he mendC. how he mendedD. what he mended5. I want to know _________.A. whom is she looking afterB. whom she is lookingC. whom is she lookingD. whom she is looking after6. Do you know where _________ now?A. he livesB. does he liveC. he livedD. did he live7. Do you know what time _________?A. the train leaveB. does the train leaveC. will the train leaveD. the train leaves8. I don't know _________. Can you tell me, please?A. how the two players are oldB. how old are the two playersC. the two players are how oldD. how old the two players are9. The small children don't know _________.A. what is their stockings inB. what is in their stockingsC. where is their stockings inD. what in their stockings10. I can't understand _____.A. what does Christmas meanB. what Christmas does meanC. what mean Christmas doesD. what Christmas means11. I don‟t know _____ he will be back home.A. whoB. whatC. whenD. where12. Could you tell me ___________?A. where do you liveB. who you are waiting forC. who were you waiting forD. where you live in13. Do you still remember _______?A. that he saidB. what he saidC. did he say thatD. what did he say14. I can‟t understand ______the boy alone.A. why she leftB. why did she leaveC. why she had leftD. why had she left15. She told me the sun ______ in the east.A. riseB. roseC. risesD. had risen16. They tried to find out ______ the new train ________.A. how far/ had goneB. how long/ has goneC. how far/ wentD. how far / had run17. The manager came up to see __________.A. what was the matterB. what the matt er wasC. what the matter isD. what‟s the matter18. Can you tell me ___________?A. what are you doingB. where do you studyC. what you were doingD. what to do it19. He asked his father _______.A. where it happensB. where did it happenC. how it happenedD. how did it happen20.No one tells us______，so we need your help.A. how we should doB. what should we doC. how to do itD. what to do it直击中考1. Some of my friends are interesting in science, but none of them can tell _______. .A. when UFOs will appear next timeB. why do horses know the wayC. where was this kind of plant foundD. how do elephants communicate2. ---What time will Mr. Brown be back to China?----Sorry. I don‟t know _______. .A. when did he go abroadB. why he is going abroadC. how soon will he be backD. how long he will stay abroad3. ---May I come in ? I‟m sorry I am late.----Come in, please. But could you please tell me _______. ?A. why you are late againB. what were you doing thenC. who you talked withD. how do you come to school4. ---Could you please tell me _______. ?----Bus No.32 will take you right there.A. where is Henan MuseumB. what Henan Museum is likeC. how can I get to Henan MuseumD. which bus I shall take to Henan Museum5. Peter says that the Whites are on holiday, but no one knows _______. .A. where they have beenB. where are theyC. where are they fromD. where they have gone6. ---Do you know _______the Capital Museum? ---Next Friday.A. when will they visitB. when they will visitC. when did they visitD. when they visited7. He wanted to know _______the English party.A. when will we haveB. when we will haveC. when would we haveD. when we would have8. I want to know _______. .A. when we should arrive at the airportB. when should we arrive at the airportC. when the airport we should arrive atD. when the airport should we arrive at9.---David, look at the man in white over there. Can you tell me _______. ?----He is a doctor.A. who is heB. who he isC. what is heD. what he is11. ---I wonder _______. without water ----About a week.A. how long man can liveB. how long can man liveC. when man can liveD. when can man live宾语从句巩固练习参考答案1.参考答案D 你决定什么时候去澳大利亚了吗？宾语从句用陈述语序。