新编英语教程 4 Unit 8 Antarctica
新标准大学英语综合教程4教师用书unit8
Unit 8Active reading (1)Reading and understanding2 Choose the best summary of the passage.1 The writer uses the Eiffel Tower as an example of a monument that has become a beloved symbol inspite of being unpopular with some people at the time of its creation. Ironically, the Eiffel Tower wasnot built with any greater aim than simply to be large and imposing, yet now it is seen as representingthe city of Paris.3 Choose the best answer to the questions.1 Why was the Eiffel Tower built so high?(a) To prove that the French had the technical ability to construct sucha tower.(b) To win a competition with the city of Washington, DC.(c) So it could also be used for scientific purposes.(d) To keep it from seeming too practical.2 According to the passage, why were most of the great towers of the world built?(a) To provide views of the land below.(b) For religious reasons.(c) For military and defensive purposes.(d) As symbols of certain cities or countries.3 Why did Guy de Maupassant frequently have lunch at the Eiffel Tower?(a) Because he enjoyed the view from the top.(b) To hide the fact that he did not like the Tower.(c) So that people would see him there while he ate.(d) Because he could not see the Tower if he was inside it.4 Why did so many tourists visit the Eiffel Tower when it opened?(a) To both look at it and to enjoy the view from it.(b) Because it was an important symbol of the country.(c) Because it was included in the Paris Exhibition of 1889.(d) As a way to protest the negative opinions of the “effete class”.5 Why did both Hitler and Algerian rebels want to destroy the Tower?(a) Because the Tower also served military purposes.(b) Because Resistance fighters used the Tower as a base.(c) Because it was an important symbol of the country.(d) So their armies could not be seen by defenders.6 Which of the following is NOT true of the Eiffel Tower today?(a) It is frequently shown on tourist posters.(b) It is the tallest structure in Paris.(c) It is considered a symbol of France.(d) It is seen differently from how it was at first.Dealing with unfamiliar words4 Match the words in the box with their definitions.1 to build something such as a statue or a bridge (erect)2 very tall (lofty)3 extremely large (gigantic)4 relating to the period of European history between about the year 1000 AD and the year 1500 (medieval)5 relating to the people who live in a town or city or the duties and responsibilities they have as citizens(civic)6 clear glass of very good quality (crystal)5 Complete the paragraph with the correct form of the words in Activity 4.The cathedral of Nôtre Dame in Paris is one of the city’s most beautiful Gothic monuments. The site ofthe cathedral is quite old, and in fact, some archaeologists believe that Nôtre Dame was built on the siteof earlier churches and (1) medieval buildings. Maurice de Sully, Bishop of Paris, decided to (2) erectthe Nôtre Dame cathedral because the city’s population was growing. It was the first truly (3) giganticcathedral to be built in France, large enough to both meet the city’s religious needs and to inspire (4) civicpride in the beauty of its monuments. The cathedral took nearly 200 years to build, and is therefore a blendof different architectural styles. The cathedral’s two (5) lofty towers are 69 metres high, and visitors whoclimb to the top have a wonderful view out over the city of Paris. Nôtre Dame is particularly famous forits elaborate windows made from colourful stained glass that shines like (6) crystal in the sunlight, and theintricate stone carvings that decorate the outside of the cathedral.6 Replace the underlined words with the correct form of the words in the box.1 The architects promised to complete the tower spending no more than the allotted budget. (vowed)2 The critic’s assessment of the painting rose above popular opinion. (transcended)3 Thousands of visitors came to the opening of the new technology display. (exhibit)4 Germany and France were enemies during World War II, but today coexist peacefully. (opponents)5 A well-designed house combines both beauty and functionality and usefulness. (utility)6 I felt irritated and offended when our visitors criticized the buildings in our town. (indignant)7 Answer the questions about the words.1 If there is an outburst of activity, do people (a) get very angry about something they are doing, or(b) suddenly start doing something with a lot of feeling and energy?2 Is a celebration of brotherhood an appreciation of (a) family ties, or(b) humanity?3 If someone is ostensibly wealthy, are they (a) extremely, or (b) apparently but not necessarily wealthy?4 If an official extolled the benefits of a new law, would they (a) praise the law, or (b) say negative thingsabout it?5 If your teacher gives you a difficult homework assignment and then relents, does it mean they (a)change their mind and say you don’t have to do it, or (b) strongly insist that you complete it?6 Is an effete group of people those who are (a) strong and wise, or (b) weak and lacking in character?7 Is an initiator someone who (a) begins, or (b) ends something?8 If something has been dismembered, has it been (a) taken apart, or (b) repaired and put back together?9 If you hoist a flag, do you (a) fold it up and put it away, or (b) raise it up in the air on a flagpole?10 If something is inconceivable, does that mean that it (a) cannot be completed, or (b) cannot beimagined?Active reading (2)2 Look at the title of the passage and check (¸) the meanings of the architecture you think the passagewill discuss.√ function sorrow√ usefulness √ power√ pleasure √ beautyfear lovesatisfaction √ religionThe meaning of architectureReading and understanding3 Choose the best way to complete the sentences.1 The main idea of the passage is that (d) .(a) most people disagree about the meaning of a particular building(b) the function of a building is more important than its form(c) architecture varies among countries because of different cultural influences(d) architecture has a number of meanings beyond the practical function2 The writer compares architecture to language to show that (c) .(a) it is difficult to interpret(b) its meaning changes over time(c) it can communicate in different ways(d) critics and common people have different ideas3 The main problem with the blocks of flats in Britain built in the 1960s and 1970s was that (b) .(a) they weren’t lofty enough to be practical(b) there weren’t enough community facilities and green spaces nearby(c) the architects weren’t interested in the inhabitants’ comfort(d) the style was visually unattractive4 The writer says that the Rockefeller Center (a) .(a) communicates both human and spiritual power(b) was so expensive to build that it is unique(c) serves as a spiritual gathering place for people today(d) shows how man no longer needs to rely on religion5 According to the writer, architecture gives us a vision of paradise on earth (a) or (d) .(a) through churches, mosques, and monasteries(b) through buildings that work together with the natural landscape(c) by providing shelter from the forces of nature(d) by imitating and mimicking the natural surroundings4 Match the buildings with the meanings they communicate.1 (e)2 (h)3 (a)4 (b)5 (c)6 (g)7 (d)8 (f)Dealing with unfamiliar words5 Match the words in the box with their definitions.1 to suggest that something is likely to exist or be true (imply)2 the fact of being a sensible or reasonable explanation or idea (logic)3 the opportunity or freedom needed to do or develop something (scope)4 to think very carefully about something for a long time (contemplate)5 the situation of being successful and having a lot of money (prosperity)6 comments that show you think something is wrong or bad (criticism)7 the way in which the different parts of something are arranged (layout)8 relating to the ability to think in an intelligent way and to understand things, especially difficult orcomplicated ideas and subjects (intellectual)6 Complete the paragraph with the correct form of the words in Activity 5.The Bauhaus movement was a style of architecture popular in Germany in the early 20th century.The Bauhaus school itself operated from 1919 to 1933, but its influence can still be seen today, as the(1) scope of its influence affected architecture, art, graphic design, and interior design. The movementemphasized a(n) (2) intellectual approach to design, emphasizing practicality and utility. It was felt thatform should not be separated from function. Architects used (3) logic instead of aesthetics to designthe most practical buildings they could. The most common (4) layout was square or rectangular, asthese shapes were considered the most efficient. Bauhaus members expressed strong (5) criticism ofearlier decorative, expressive architecture. Objects should be cheap and functional, and not restrictedby personal (6) prosperity. A major criticism of the Bauhaus school was that beauty is an important“function” of architecture and art, and that humans need to (7) contemplate attractive, decorative objectsand surroundings in order to be happy, and are not, as the Bauhaus founders (8) implied, satisfied only bypracticality.7 Replace the underlined words with the correct form of the words in the box.1 Designers of light, modern buildings view the heavy, ornate buildings of the past with contempt. (scorn)2 Tall apartment buildings are often placed in city centres. (located)3 Some people feel that modern society places great value on extreme speed and efficiency. (worships)4 It was difficult to tightly squeeze all of my belongings into the small suitcase. (compress)5 This apartment building is designed for middle- class workers with average, reasonable salaries.(moderate)6 Critics use both intellectual and artistic abilities when they judge architectural achievements. (faculties)7 We assume that buildings will need to take energy efficiency into account in the near future. (presume)8 One job of an engineer is to understand and translate the archit ect’s ideas. (interpret)8 Answer the questions about the words and expressions.1 If something is idealistic, is it (a) practical, or (b) impractical?2 Does suspension refer to (a) being hung from above, or (b) being supported from below?3 If a painting does justice to someone, does it (a) reflect their looks accurately, or (b) make their looksworse than they really do?4 Is a breathtaking scenic view one that is (a) dangerous or frightening, or (b) very beautiful orimpressive?5 Is a sumptuous dinner one that is (a) small and modest, or (b) large and elegant?6 If something is described as having an extravagance of a particular quality, (a) is it too expensive, or (b)does it use an extreme or unreasonable amount of something?7 Is someone’s sentiment their (a) feelings or emotions, or (b) intellectual judgment?8 Does the study of ethics involve the judgment of (a) what is beautiful, or (b) what is right or wrong?9 If something is exquisite, is it (a) very beautiful, or (b) unusual or rare?10 Does a mortal refer to (a) an ordinary person, or (b) a god?Language in useunpacking complex sentences1 Rewrite the sentence from the passage The Eiffel Tower in the diagram below.Bouguereau, the academic painter; Garnier, the architect of the Opéra; Dumas, Jr., the novelist; Gounod,the composer; Leconte de Lisle, the poet; Prudhomme, the essayist; Guy de Maupassant, the novelist, allsigned a resounding letter of indignant protest to the Minister of Public Works in an attempt to stop “thehorror”.Bourgereau Garnier Dumas, Jr. Gounod Leconte Prudhomme Guy dede Lisle Maupassantthe the architect the the the poet the theacademic of the novelist composer essayist novelistpainter Opéra2 Look at the sentences from the passage The Eiffel Tower and answer the questions.1 Sir Joseph Paxton’s Crystal Palace not only served royally the Great Exhibition but, being demountable,was transferred afterwards to Sydenham, where it was used for sculpture, painting and architecturalexhibits, and for concerts until November 1936, when it burned, a lost symbol of happiness andbrotherhood.(a) What was transferred to Sydenham?The Crystal Palace.(b) Why was it possible for it to be transferred?It was demountable.(c) What was the Palace used for in Sydenham?It was used for sculpture, painting and architectural exhibits and concerts.(d) What burned?The Crystal Palace.2 Monsieur Eiffel extolled its utility as a military lookout, the salubrity of the air at its top, its usesas a laboratory to experiment with wind and gravity, but the innerspring to its construction was todemonstrate that France, 100 years after the revolution, was a leader of the technical world, capable ofrealizing the dream of a tower 300 meters high, almost 1,000 feet.(a) What uses did Monsieur Eiffel praise the Tower for?He extolled its utility as a military lookout, the salubrity of the air at its top and its uses as alaboratory to experiment with wind and gravity.all signed aresounding letterof indignantprotest to theMinister ofPublic Worksin an attempt tostop “the horror”.(b) What was his main motivation in constructing the Tower?To demonstrate that France was a leader of the technical world.(c) What did he say France was capable of doing?Realizing the dream of a tower 300 meters high.3 They went to look at the Tower as much as to look from it, to look inside, at its filigree of steel, as muchas to point out the other monuments of their city.(a) What reasons did people have for visiting the Tower?To look at and from the Tower.(b) What could they look at inside the Tower?Its steel framework.(c) How could they point to other monuments in Paris?By ascending it and getting a view of the city.collocations3 Complete the sentences with suitable expressions from the box. Sometimes more than one collocationis possible.1 Many people cannot make sense of architecture, in fact they find it abstract and confusing.2 To be an architect, you need to acquire many practical skills as well as theoretical knowledge.3 He said that his country will not remain indifferent to what is happening in the area and is deeplyconcerned over the security situation there.4 Despite the financial crisis, we remain confident that we can meet our long-term financial goals.5 We are well aware of the adverse / harmful / negative effects on people’s health of working in a noisyoffice.6 The architects had a few problems with the builders but a common sense approach helped solve them.7 They have the habit of setting aside some money each month towards buyinga new flat.8 Aside from the Terminal 3 of Beijing Capital International Airport, what else has Norman Foster designed?Additional ActivityFill in the blanks using proper words from the collocation box.1 The rude man. He just aside my request.2 Where can we acquire further on these scholarships?3 You are right in a , but equally you are wrong.4 Some people find acquiring a foreign very difficult.5 What has he written? I can’t any sense of it.6 These are not small changes – they will surely have effects on the university.7 She’s a fine teacher – she has certainly had a beneficial on some of the least cooperativestudents.8 Her expression remained . She either has no feelings or hides them very well.9 In no of the word can you say I enjoyed that film.10 that aside for a moment and help me with this.Key: 1 brushed 2 information 3 sense 4 language 5 make6 far-reaching7 effect8 unchanged9 sense 10 Leave4 Translate the paragraphs into Chinese.But architecture as a process and a means has other meanings. So much of architecture has the bestintention of creating pleasure or a sense of satisfaction, even if it doesn’t always succeed. It may be themoderate pleasure of combining form with function. The shanty towns in Rio or Mumbai demonstrate anorganic architecture which has no overall layout or prescribed plan, and no obvious logic, but its functionis to protect and shelter the inhabitants who would otherwise live in discomfort on the streets.Presumably, even the architects who designed the tower blocks of flats in the war-damaged cities of Britainin the 1960s and 1970s aspired to combine the economy of space to the maximum effect and for the benefitand pleasure of the people who were going to live there. There was nothing malign about their intentions,even though they were overoptimistic about the simplicity of imposing a new relationship between thespace and the occupiers. In the end, it wasn’t the neo-brutalism of the style or the materials – square formsmade of reinforced concrete, often located with little or no regard to the environment, and rising 20 or 30floors into the cloudy British skies –which brought criticism and scorn on this modernist architecture. Itwas the absence of gardens, shops and a sense of community which challenged and finally defeated thisidealistic attempt to define a new way of living in cities.然而，作为一种方法和手段，建筑艺术还有其他的意义。
大学英语教程4第八单元课文翻译
Book IV Unit 8 In the Jungle在丛林中Annie Dillard1 Like any out-of-the-way place, the Napo River in the Ecuadorian jungle seems real enough when you are there, even central. Out of the way of what? I was sitting on a stump at the edge of a bankside palm-thatch village, in the middle of the night, on the headwaters of the Amazon. Out of the way of human life, tenderness, or the glance of heaven?如同所有僻远之地，当你身临其境时，厄瓜多尔丛林深处的纳波河就显得那么真实，甚至有中心要地的感觉。
那么僻远之地远离什么呢？夜半时分，在亚马逊河的源头，我坐在一个树墩上，身后是傍水的棕榈叶作屋顶的小村落。
远离人类活动，远离脉脉温情。
或者说远离天堂的扫视？2 A nightjar in deep-leaved shadow called three long notes, and hushed. The men with me talked softly: three North Americans, four Ecuadorians who were showing us the jungle. We were holding cool drinks and idly watching a hand-sized tarantula seize moths that came to the lone bulb on the generator shed beside us.一只欧夜鹰在密密的树叶间发出三声长啼，旋即静默无声。
新标准大学英语综合教程4（unit-8）课后答案及课文翻译
新标准大学英语综合教程4（unit-8）课后答案及课文翻译应K e y t o b o o k4u n i t1- 4 Unit 1Active reading (1)Looking for a job after university? First, get off the sofaReading and understandingDealing with unfamiliar words3 Match the words in the box with their definitions.1 to make progress by moving to the next stage in a series of actions or events (proceed)2 the process of changing from one situation, form or state to another (transition)3 not feeling involved with someone or something in a close or emotional way (detached)4 referring to something which will happen soon (upcoming)5 to be sitting still in a position that is not upright (slump)6 to return to a previous state or way of behaving (revert)7 to say what happened (recount)4 Complete the paragraph with the correct form of the words in Activity 3.It isn’t easy to make the (1) transition from a busy university student to an unemployed young adult (2) slumped on a bar stool or half watching a mindless television show, wondering if and how their career is going to (3) proceed. Many people who have experienced a long period of inactivity like this, when (4) recounting how they felt at the time, refer to the same strange psychological effect. As the days pass, they begin to feel (5) detached from any sense of pressure to go and look for a job, and tend to regard (6) upcoming interviews as if they were not very important. Typically, back at home after three or four yearsaway, they (7) revert to old habits, start seeing old friends, and, in many cases, become dependent again on their parents.5 Replace the underlined words with the correct form of the words in the box. You may need to make other changes.1 I went to a mixed-ability secondary school just outside London. (comprehensive)2 I got stopped by a policeman who asked to see my driving licence. (cop)3 Have you seen this beautiful from the air view of Oxford? (aerial)4 Isabel tightly her bag as she walked down the corridor towards the office. (clutched)5 You should speak to Toby; he’s an supporter of flexible working hours. (advocate)6 I hurt my leg badly a couple of months ago, and it still hasn’t got better completely. (healed)6 Answer the questions about the words.1 Is a dead-end job one with (a) exciting prospects, or (b) no future?2 Is a tricky problem (a) difficult, or (b) easy to solve?3 If an activity saps all your energy, do you feel (a) tired, or(b) more active than usual?4 Does a pushy person try to (a) persuade you to do something you don’t want to, or (b) help you by listening to what you have to say?5 If you feel apathy, do you want to (a) change the world, or(b) stay at home and do nothing?7 Answer the questions about the phrases.1 Is fork out (a) a formal, or (b) an informal way of saying to pay for something?2 If you are in the same boat as another person, are you (a) making the same journey together, or (b) in the same difficult or unpleasant situation?3 If you feel you have come full circle, do you (a) feel you are back where you started, or (b) feel a sense of satisfaction because you have completed something?4 If someone takes a soft line, do they deal with a person (a) in a kind and sympathetic way, or (b) in a lazy way without makinga decision?5 If you strike the right note about something, are you expressing yourself (a) well, or (b) badly?6 If you do something by all means, do you (a) try your best to do it, or (b) not care about it?7 If you nudge someone back into the saddle, are you encouraging them to (a) take responsibility again, or(b) take it easy?8 If you talk through a problem with someone, do you (a) examine it carefully and sensitively, or (b) refer to it quickly and then change the subject?Active reading (2)If you ask meDealing with unfamiliar words4 Match the words in the box with their definitions.1 funny or entertaining (amusing)2 used for emphasizing that something good has happened, especially because of good luck (fortunately)3 an amount of money that a person, business or country borrows, usually from a bank (loan)4 to take an amount or number from a total (deduct)5 the most exciting, impressive, or interesting part of anevent (highlight)6 to show that you understand someone’s problems (sympathize)7 needing a lot of time, ability, and energy (demanding)5 Complete the conversation with the correct form of the words in Activity 4.A After three years at university, I’m now quite heavily in debt.B I (1) sympathize with you, I know what it’s like to have financial problem s. But (2) fortunately I didn’t need to take out a student (3) loan when I was at university, because I had a part-time job.A What did you do?B I worked in a restaurant at weekends.A That must have been very (4) demanding.B Yes, it was. I had to get the right balance between work and study. But the other people who worked there were good fun to be with, so it was quite (5) amusing too. The (6) highlight of the weekend was always Saturday night when we worked overtime.A But I don’t expect you made a lot of money?B No, there wasn’t much after they’d (7) deducted tax and pension contributions. But it was enough to keep me going.6 Replace the underlined words with the correct form of the words in the box. You may need to make other changes.1 When I was at college I kept all my personal things in an old cupboard.2 A lot of people who leave university before getting a degree end up in good jobs.3 I think she’ll get a good degree, but I wouldn’t risk my money on the exact result.4 The money I spent at college was more than what I earned in my part-time job.5 The chances of my being offered a job after that interview must be quite remote.6 Our business has done very well since we changed our advertising.7 I think telling the truth and not cheating is always the best policy.Key:(1) belongings (2) dropouts (3) gamble (4) exceeded (5) odds(6) has thrived (7) honesty7 Answer the questions about the words and expressions.1 If something is not all it’s cracked up to be, is it (a) valid and interesting, or (b) just a little bit disappointing?2 If someone keeps banging on about something, are you likely to be (a) interested in, or (b) bored by what they say?3 If there is a lot of hassle in your life, are you likely to feel (a) stressed, or (b) relaxed?4 If something happens out of the blue, is it (a) unexpected, or (b) part of your plan?5 If you say you ended up in a particular job, do you suggest that (a) you have fulfilled your ambition, or(b) it happened almost by chance?6 Are the regulars in a pub (a) the customers who come very often, or (b) the food the pub offers most often?7 If something is dead easy, is it (a) very easy, or (b) not easy at all?8 If you treat someone to something, do you (a) buy something nice for them, or (b) behave badly to them?9 If you cheer a place up, do you (a) make the place lookbrighter, or (b) make the people in the place happier?Reading and interpreting8 Look at the sentences from the passage and identify the style features.1 Twelve years at school and three years at university, teachers banging on about opportunities in the big wide world beyond our sheltered life as students, and what do I find?This shows the informality of an incomplete sentence in the first part, the use of an informal expression (banging on) and a rhetorical question to the reader (What do I find?)2 Try as I might to stay cheerful, all I ever get is hassle, sometimes with people (especially boys, god, when will they grow up?) …This has the use of an informal word (hassle), an informal exclamation (god) and a question to the reader (When will they grow up?)3 Actually, I had my eye on the course at the London School of Economics (LSE).Here there is a discourse marker typical of speech (Actually) and an informal phrase (had my eye on).4 I kind of understand it, and not just because my degree is in economics.Here “kind of” is a sort of discour se marker of informal speech (showing something is general, vague or not definite).5 I wanted something in finance and investments, because you know, maybe with a job like that, I could use my degree.This has a discourse marker of informal speech (you know).6 ... it’s true, he really did seem to have three hands.Again here is a discourse marker of informal speech (it’s true).7 I talked to him about ... well, about pretty well everything …This has another discourse marker of informal speech (well) and an informal phrase (pretty well). Language in use word formation: compound nouns1 Write the compound nouns which mean:1 a degree which is awarded a first class (a first-class degree)2 work in a hospital (hospital work)3 a ticket for a plane journey (a plane ticket)4 a discount for students (a student discount)5 a pass which allows you to travel on buses (a bus pass)6 a room where an interview is held (an interview room)7 a period spent in training (a training period)word formation: noun phrases2 Write the noun phrases which mean:1 a career which is rewarding from the financial point of view(a financially rewarding career)2 legislation which has been introduced recently (recently introduced legislation)3 instructions which are more complex than usual (unusually complex instructions)4 an institution which is orientated towards academic (academically orientated work)5 work which makes physical demands on you (physically demanding work)6 information which has the potential to be important (potentially important information)7 candidates who have been selected after a careful procedure (carefully selected candidates)8 a coursebook in which everything has been planned beautifully (a beautifully planned textbook) try as … might3 Rewrite the se ntences using try as … might .1 I’m trying to fill this last page, but I just can’t think of anything.Try as I might to fill this last page, I just can’t think of anything.2 I try to be friendly with Marta, but she doesn’t seem to respond.Try as I migh t to be friendly with Marta, she doesn’t seem to respond.3 I try hard to get to sleep, but I can’t help thinking about my family.Try as I might to get to sleep, I can’t help thinking about my family.4 He just doesn’t seem to get the promotion he deserve s, even though he keeps trying.Try as he might, he just doesn’t seem to get the promotion he deserves. / Try as he might to get the promotion he deserves, he just doesn’t seem to get it.5 I keep trying to remember her name, but my mind is a blank.Try as I might to remember her name, my mind is a blank.given that …4 Rewrite the sentences using given that …1 Since I know several languages, I thought I would look for work abroad.Given that I know several languages, I thought I would look for work abroad.2 Xiao Li has the best qualifications, so she should get the job.Given that Xiao Li has the best qualifications, she should getthe job.3 Since we’r e all here, I think it would be a good idea to get down to some work.Given that we’re all here, I thin k it would be a good idea to get down to some work.4 Since it’s rather late, I think we should leave this last task until tomorrow.Given that it’s rat her late, I think we should leave this last task until tomorrow.clauses introduced by than5 Rewrite the sentences using clauses introduced by than .1 She’s experienced at giving advice. I’m more experienced.She’s less experienced at giving advice than I am. / I’m more experienced at giving advice than she is.2 You eat too much chocolate. It isn’t good for you.You eat too much chocolate than is good for you.3 She worked very hard. Most part-timers don’t work so hard.She worked harder than most part-timers do.4 You have arrived late too many times. That isn’t acceptable.You have arrived late more times than is acceptable.5 I don’t think you should have given so much personal information. It isn’t wise.I think you have given more personal information than is wise.collocations6 Read the explanations of the words. Answer the questions.1 highlight A highlight is the most exciting, impressive, orinteresting part of an event.(a) What would you like to be the highlight of your career?I would like the highlight of my student career to be to receive a national award for the best student research project.(b) How can you highlight an important sentence in a text?You can underline it in pencil or pen or you can use coloured pens or highlighters.(c) What are the edited highlights of a football match?The highlights are when someone scores a goal or prevents one from being scored.2 loan A loan is an amount of money someone borrows from someone else.(a) Have you ever taken out a loan?No, I haven’t. But m y parents have taken out several loans to buy kitchen equipment.(b) What is the best way to pay off a loan?It is best to pay a loan off quickly, although you will still have to pay some interest.(c) If you have a library book on loan, what do you have to do with it?You have to return it before the date it is due, otherwise you may have to pay a fine.3 thrive To thrive means to be very successful, happy or healthy.(a) What sort of business thrives best in your part of the country?In my part of the country, light industries and electronics companies thrive.(b) Which sort of plants thrive in a hot climate?In a hot climate you can see tropical fruit and vegetablesthrive and also tropical plants and trees.(c) Why do you think some couples thrive on conflict?It is difficult to understand why some couples thrive on conflict. Maybe each one wants to compete with the other or maybe they enjoy “kissing and making up” after the conflict.7 Translate the paragraphs into Chinese.If you ask me, real life is no t all it’s cracked up to be. Twelve years at school and three years at university, teachers banging on about opportunities in the big wide world beyond our sheltered life as students, and what do I find?Try as I might to stay cheerful, all I ever get is hassle, sometimes with people (especially boys, god, when will they grow up?), but mostly with money. It’s just so expensive out here! Everyone wants a slice off you. The Inland Revenue wants to deduct income tax, the bank manager wants repayments on my student loan, the landlord wants the rent, gas, water, electricity and my mobile bills keep coming in, and all that’s before I’ve had anything to eat. And then some bright spark calls me out of the blue, asking if I’m interested in buying a pension. At this r ate, I won’t even last till the end of the year, let alone till I’m 60.（?翻译时可以根据上下文增译，即增加原文暗含了但没有直接表达出来的意思。
《新编英语教程》第 4 册的课文
《新编英语教程》（修订版）第四册Unit 1 [见教材P1]This year it’s going to be different今年会有所不同Will Stanton (U.S.)威尔.斯坦顿（美国）are like anything else—you get out of them what you put in. ②Judging from results of other years, I had never put enough in, but this year was going to be different. ③I read books on self-improvement before I wrote my list. ④Find some beauty in everything.... Make the other fellow feel important.... About thirty likethat. ⑤a richer life, boundless love from his family, and the admiration of the community. ⑥I c ould hardly wait until New Year’s Day.①新年计划和其他任何事物一样——你付出多少，你就收获多少。
②从往年的结果来看，我就从来没有付出过，但是今年将有所不同。
③我读了一些关于自我提高的书，并作了记录：要发现各种事物的美；要让对方感觉到自己受到尊重，……大约有三十条。
④很显然，任何人，只要遵循我搜集的这些规则，都会享有更加丰富的人生，都会从家庭中获得无尽的关爱，都会受到社区居民的尊重。
⑤我几乎迫不及待地要过新年了。
①When I came downstairs Maggie, my wife, was at the kitchen sink.②I tiptoed over and kissed her on the back of the neck. (Resolution No. 1: Be spontaneous in showing affection.) ③She shrieked and dropped a cup.④“Don’t ever sneak up on me like that again!” she cried.①我下了楼梯，妻子Maggie正在厨房的洗涤槽旁边。
新编英语教程 4 Unit 8 预习材料
Unit 8 preparation workText I AntarcticaI. pre-reading questions1. How many continents are there in the world?2. Do you know Antarctica? How did you know it? What kind of news about it are you often informed through the media?3. How much do you know about the Antarctica, its vegetation, water, climate, temperature, animals, people?II. background knowledgethe Antarctica (location, area, climate, nature resources, vegetation, inhabitation, government, military, transportation , communication); the Antarctica exploration;III. Key words:distinctive (distinct, instinct, instinctive), set eyes on, tenure, populated, be inclined to, a handful of, as regards, precipitation, by far, be injurious to, knot, have an effect on, small wonder that, drawbackIV. Post-reading questions:1. According to the writer, will the ice sheet of Antarctica one day melt?2. Why does the writer say that Antarctica is in fact our planet’s largest and most spectacular natural phenomenon?3. What does the writer mean by “North of the Arctic Circle, tens of thousands of families live in comfort all the year round; …”?4. Why do you think people used to regard the Arctic and the Antarctic as much alike?What are the similarities and differences between the Arctic and the Antarctic?5. Why does the writer say that “even today man’s tenure of it is unsure”?6. What dose the writer intend to tell the reader about Antarctica by presenting a strikingdescription of it? Use a few words to describe its most distinctive appearance.7. Why has no human child ever been born in Antarctica?8. What was the main drawback to the unveiling of Antarctica?V. difficult sentences1. Seen from space, the astronauts tell us, the most distinctive feature of our planet is the ice sheet of Antarctica which “radiates light like a great white lantern across the bottom of the world.”2. Yet 160 years ago no one had ever set eyes on this vast continent, let alone set foot on it; and even today man’s tenure of it is unsure and his knowledge comparatively slight.3. In fact their differences outweigh their similarities. The Arctic is closely hemmed in by the populated landmasses of Europe, America and Asia; the Antarctic in contrast is in splendid isolation, divided from the nearest land by vast reaches of the most tempestuous seas on earth.4. In these conditions it was possible to stand for no more than a few seconds, and then only by leaning forward at an angle of 45°.5. Small wonder that whereas in the eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries man swiftly explored and occupied the rest of his planet, the southernmost continentremained inviolate.VI. Discussion:What can we do to solve the environmental problems of the Antarctica?Text II The Underworld1. Why do people presume that the earth’s interior is of liquid metal?2. What was Jules Verne’s conception of the earth? Is his conception justified? Give your reasons.3. What stops man from getting deeper and deeper into the earth?4. Why does the writer mention the town of Quetta in Baluchistan?。
Unit8 综合英语4汇总
Unit 8 Antarctica
Before Reading
Global Reading
Detailed Reading
After Reading
Temperatures reach a _m_i_n_i_m_u_m_ of between −80 °C and −90 °C (−112 °F and −130 °F) in the interior in winter and reach a _m__ax_i_m__u_m_ of between 5 °C and 15 °C (41 °F and 59 °F) near the coast in
1. great isolation from other land 2. not inhabited by humans 3. hardly any plant or animal life 4. no human child ever born there 5. very little rain 6. intense cold 7. howling wind 8. the most tempestuous seas around it
Unit 8 Antarctica
Before Reading
Global Reading
Detailed Reading
After Reading
Skimming Part Division of the Text Further Understanding
Unit 8 Antarctica
Before Reading
summer. Sunburn is often a health issue as the snow surface reflects
《新编英语教程》第 4 册的课文
《新编英语教程》（修订版）第四册Unit 1 [见教材P1]This year it’s going to be different今年会有所不同Will Stanton (U.S.)威尔.斯坦顿（美国）are like anything else—you get out of them what you put in. ②Judging from results of other years, I had never put enough in, but this year was going to be different. ③I read books on self-improvement before I wrote my list. ④Find some beauty in everything.... Make the other fellow feel important.... About thirty likethat. ⑤表示关心。
）③她尖叫一声，把一个茶杯摔倒地上，对我大声嚷道“再也不要悄悄地走到我身后啦！”①“You’re looking lovely this morning,” I said. (A sincere compliment is worth its weight in gold. )①“你今天上午看起来非常可爱，”我说。
（新年计划：真诚的赞美像金子一样宝贵。
）①“Look,” she said, “it wasn’t my idea to stay out until four a.m.”“要知道，”她说，“并不是我想要在外边待到凌晨四点的。
”①I took some aspirin and coffee into the living room. ②I’d just started reading the paper when Sammy, our five-year-old, came in. ③He was wearing the watch he’d received for Christmas.④“Say, Dad,” he said, “what makes a watch run?”①我拿了一些阿司匹林和咖啡来到客厅。
全新版大学英语（第二版）综合教程4_Unit8课后练习答案
全新版⼤学英语（第⼆版）综合教程4_Unit8课后练习答案Unit 8Text AText organization1.2.Main Events1.Birds, insects and animals of all descriptions2.The sweet air3.Various kinds of trees and other plants4.River abundant in fish5.Little girls who liked to play with the writer’s hair6.Children singing lovely songs7.Treating guests with wonderful foods8.People and nature in harmonyVocabularyI. 1. 1) heap 2) was smeared3) warmed 4) dissolve5) thrash 6) out of the way7) hollows 8) tangled9) get his hands on 10) opaque11) at the edge of ; illumined 12) hop2. 1) take…apart 2) resultfrom3) run out of 4) feed on5) come forward 6) woke up7) focused on 8) settled over3. 1) After reading the book Little Women , Mary was dying tosee the movie bases on it.2)Street noises do not penetrate to the 20th floor of ouroffice building because as a rule, the sheer distance mutes all sounds from the ground.3)You will inevitably lose sight of the overall objective ifyou fuss too much over details.4)Back at home from his long journey, Tom slumped into anarmchair (feeling) completely exhausted..5)Dorothy Parker, an American poet and short-storywriter, was reputed to be the wittiest woman of her time.4.1) swarmed to; the spectacular; paddled2) in the heart of; out of the range of3) Day after day; strip; the heaving; slapII. Confusable Words1. 1) worth 2) worthy 3) worthwhile4) worth; worth 5) worthwhile 6) worthy 2. 1) lone 2) alone 3) alone4) lonely 5) lonely 6) alone; lonely III. Usage1.ice-cream2. teas3. wines4. cloth5. soap6. beer7. fuels8. soils9. sugars 10. grassComprehensive ExercisesI. Cloze1. Text-related1) are dying to 2) in the heart of3) tangled 4) paddles5) loop 6) out of sight7) in flocks 8) hopping9) gliding 10) opaque11) thrashing 12) darting13) swarms 14) spectacular2. Theme-related1) running 2) fancy3) incorporate 4) exploring5) guide 6) adventure7) rarely 8) diverse9) survive 10) luckyII. Translation1.1）Janet was just the kind of girl Mike knew he could trust, so he bared his heart to her on their first date.2) At first the girls played on the fringe of the dark forest, now laughing, now screaming, but before long they were out of sight.3) The moment the football players disembarked from the plane, they saw a fleet of cars waiting for their arrival.4) Carson condemned his opponent for using misleading information to smear his character.5) Alex gave the policeman a wallet stuffed with banknotes. He said he had found it on the curb when he hopped off his school bus.2．Last Wednesday, my classmate Caroline and I visited Zhouzhuang, a well-known town looped all around by streams. When we arrived at the town, Caroline was so excited that she darted towards the first bridge she saw and began singingloudly there. Suddenly her voice hushed when she found that she had startled a flock of ducks not too far from us. Now as Caroline was dying for a boat ride, we decided to tour the town by boat. Now loud, now soft, Caroline talked to all the creatures in the stream and was fussing about everything while I looked at the boats guiding over the water in silence. Though we did not see anything spectacular, we enjoyed every minute in the town that lies out of the range of the heavy traffic and noise of the large city.Zhouzhuang is worth visiting and, time permitting, I’d like to go there again.。
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Unit 8 AntarcticaI. Lead-in Activities:• 1. Do you know Antarctica How did you know it What kind of news about it are you often informed through the media•Key words: continent, southernmost,•expedition: a journey taken by a group of people with a definite objective2. How much do you know about AntarcticaFeatures of Antarctica: Antarctica has not been conquered by man so far and how our tenure of it is••questionable even today.•Reasons: Great isolation from other land;•Not inhabited by humans;•Hardly any plant or animal life;Very little rain;( ,•intense cold;, Howling wind;•No human child ever born there•The most tempestuous seas around it , last para)II. Details:• 1. What dose the writer intend to tell the reader about Antarctica by presenting a striking description of it Use a few words to describe its most distinctive appearace.!He intends to enfold the “mostspectacular natural phenomenon”on earth.Seen from space, it is a huge icesheet which radiates light like agreat white lantern across thebottom of the world.2. Why do you think people used to regard the Arctic and the Antarctic as much alike•What is the fact about their similarities and differences•[•Since both are the ends of the earth axis respectively in the north and in the south, covered with a vast and thick layer of ice and snow,Both are extremely cold all year round. However, the fact is that their differences •outweigh their similarities.• A survey of their differences:•1) geographical position:•The Arctic is closely ____( by) the ___ continents of Europe, America and Asia; while the Antarctica is __ , separatedfrom the nearest land by vast __ of the most __ seas on earth.•( hemmed in/ surrounded , populated, isolated, reaches, tempestuous)•2) climate: refer to the text and summarize their climatic difference;•3) rainfall (precipitation)::4) vegetation: the only plants are ____ on the rock faces.•(a handful of mosses and lichens)•Animals: the only landlife___•Population: there is no permanent ___ , though there are research stations in Antarctica.3. Why has not no human child ever been born in Antarctica•There is a lack of the basic essentials to life: rainfall, warmth and a degree of stillness.•Apart from extreme cold, wind is as injurious to human health as cold.4. What was the main drawback to the unveiling of Antarctica•Besides the climate, an even greater drawback which had prevented people from setting eye and set foot on was the nature of the Southern Ocean which surrounds it.iii. Comprehension Exercises:•|• 1. True or False: Textbook• 2. Difficult Sentences: WorkbookLanguage Points:• 1. be inclined to do sth.: be likely to, tend to•. Tom is inclined to be lazy.•No one seemed inclined to help.• 2. as regards: regarding, concerning, about, as far as…is conc erned. As regards his ability, we all feel he has great potential.•You can rest assured as regards his character.• 3. by far: a large amount or degree. Generally used with a comparative or superlative adj. . The new mode of cellphone is by far the best of its kind.！4. Have an effect on: affect•. Each living thing in an ecosystem has a great effect on many others in many ways.•Pollution will have a direct effect on the unexpected change in climate all over the world.5. Small wonder (that)…: no wonder, no t surprisingly•. Most young people are inclined to follow the fashion. Small wonder (that) my teen-age niece is so fashion-conscious.• A new government policy on forests is due to be unveiled in April.•7. outweigh verb [T]•to be greater or more important than something else:The benefits of this treatment far outweigh any risks.•8. hem sb in phrasal verb [M]•to surround someone and prevent them from moving or doing what they want to do:•When they reached Oxford Circus, the demonstrators were hemmed in by the police.！Words and phrases for self-study:• a handful of•At speed•Be described as•Be injurious to•In… isolation•Remain inviolate•Think of …as•At times•|•In contrast•In length•Let alone•Set eyes/ foot onAfter-reading task:• 1. What are the factors that contribute to the unimaginably violent wind in Antarctica • 2. Do you think man’s tenure of Antarctica possible or sure in the near future Present your reasons.。