Lecture7跨文化交际.ppt

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2.1 Brown and Levinson’s Model
• Negative Face
– The need to avoid being hindered or impeded by others in order to act independently.
• Positive Face
– The approval face reflects the desire to be treated with
respect and dignity.
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• The Need for Admire is concerned with individual needs for displays of respect from others.
– One can only gain or lose face through actions that are known to others.
– “No matter what my teacher think of me, I know I’m a good student.”
• Face is an impression
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1. Concepts
• 1.1 Definition of Face:
– The public expression of the inner self. – The favorable social impression that a
person wants others to have of him or her. (Erving Goffman)
– The need to be treated as a desirable person who is respected and approved.
• E.G.: How to borrow sth. From others?
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2.2 Tae-Seop Lim’s Model
• The Need for Control
– May differ from a person’s self-image – Simple want respect from others, regardless of their “real”
thoughts and impression.
• Face refers only to the favorable social
attributes that people want others to
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2. Type of Face Needs
• A model of social politeness
• Regardless of cultures, all people have face and a desire to maintain and even gain more of it.
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1.2 Characteristics of Face
• Face is social
– Face is NOT what an individual thinks of him- or herself BUT rather how what others to regard his or her worth.
– It is related to people’s need for others to acknowledge their talents and accomplishments.
– It is similar to what we call “mien-tzu”,
which is built up through high position,
– It is related to people’s need for others to acknowledge their friendliness and honesty.
– Similar to what we call “lien”, which refers to a good human being who is kind, generous, decent, and upright.
– It is in the desire to have freedom of action.
• The Need for Approval
– Approval face is concerned with individual requirement for affiliation and social contact.
Face Maintenance in Interpersonal Communication
Concepts
Type of Face Needs
Facework and Interpersonal Communication
Facework and Intercultural Communication
wealth, power, ability, through cleverly
establishing social ties to a number of
– Control face is concerned with individual requirements for freedom and personal authority;
– This type of face include such values as “independent”, “in control of self”, “mature”, “reliable”, etc.
• Face is maintained through the use of various
politeness rituals in social interactions, as
people try to balance the competing goals of
task efficiency and relationship harmony.