初中英语总复习词性与句子成分成分

英语词性的分类一、词性的分类词类英语名称作用例词名词Noun（缩写为n.）表示人或事物的名称party政党China中国代词Pronoun (pron.) 用来代替名词、形容词或数词等He他that那数词Numeral (num.) 表示数量或顺序one一first第一形容词Adjective（adj.）用来修饰名词表示人或事物的特性、性质safe安全great伟大副词Adverb (adv.) 用来修饰动词、形容词或其他副词，表示动作或形状的特性quickly 迅速地here这里动词Verb (v.) 表示人或事物的动作或状态eat吃have有冠词Article (art.) 用在名词前帮助说明名词所指的人或事物an，a，the介词Preposition (prep.) 用在名词、代词等前面说明句子中词与词之间的关系under在……下in在……里连词Conjunction (conj.) 用来连接词、短语或句子and和but但是感叹词Interjection (interj.) 表示说话时的感情或口气Hello喂Emm呃，嘿句子结构成分分析英语的句子成分主要有以下几种：即主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、补语和同位语。

（可以熟记为：主谓宾表，定状补同）。

具体成分及作用如下。

成分作用例句主语主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首，通常由名词性的词来充当。

We often speak English in class.谓语谓语由动词充当，说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。

We often speak English in class.宾语宾语由名词性的词充当，表示动作的对象或承受者，一般位于及物动词和介词后面。

We often speak English in class.表语表语多是形容词，用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态，它一般位于系动词（如be, become, get,look, grow, turn, seem等）之后。

We are young.定语定语是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子，汉语中常用“……的”表示。

The tall boy under the tree is John.状语修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子, 说明动作或状态特征的句子成分，叫作状语。

He writes carefully. He walksslowly.We often speak English in class.补语宾语补足语和宾语构成逻辑上的主谓关系。

换句话说，在意思上，宾语相当于宾补的主语。

His father named him Dongming.He was elected monitor.同位语同位语是在名词或代词之后的并列名词或代词，对前者加以说明，近乎于后置定语。

We students should study hard.而英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。

掌握这五种基本句型，是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。

英语五种基本句型列式如下：一：John Smith died.二：John Smith is a soldier.三：John Smith killed three enemy soldiers.四：John’s father gives him a dog.五：John Smith painted his boat white.句子的拓展：常用的英语句子除了基本句型的成分不变通常是在这些成分的前面或后面增加一些修饰语（modifier）而加以扩大。

这些修饰语可以是单词（主要是形容词、副词和数词），也可以是各种类型的短语（主要是介词短语、不定式短语和分词短语）。

We found the hall full.We found the great hall full of students and teachers.We found the great hall full of students and teachers listening to an important report made by a comrade from the People's Daily on current affairs in East Europe.基本句型一：ＳＶ（主＋谓）1. The sun│rose.2. Who │cares?3. What he said │does not matter.4. They │talked for half an hour.5. He │runs fast.基本句型二：ＳＶＰ（主＋系＋表）1. This │is │an English-Chinese dictionary.2. The dinner │smells │good.3. He │fell │in love.4. Everything │looks │different.5. He │is growing │tall and strong.6. Our well │has gone │dry.7. His face │turned │red.基本句型三：ＳＶＯ（主＋谓＋宾）1. Who │knows │the answer?2. He │has refused │to help them.3. He │enjoys │reading.4. He │said │"Good morning."5. He │admits │that he was mistaken.基本句型四：ＳＶｏＯ（主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾）1. She │ordered │herself │a new dress.2. He │brought │you │a dictionary.3. I │showed │him │my pictures.4. I │told │him │that the bus was late.5. He │showed │me │how to run the machine.基本句型五：ＳＶＯＣ（主＋谓＋宾＋宾补）1. They │painted │the door │green.2. This │set │them │thinking.3. They │found │the house │deserted.4. He │asked │me │to come back soon.5. I │saw │them │getting on the bus.1. 句子结构成分分析主语谓语宾语定语状语补语定语英语的句子成分主要有以下几种：即主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、补语和同位语。

（可以熟记为：主谓宾表，定状补同）。

划分句子成分时的常用符号英语中划分句子成分的符号主语在下面画直线谓语在下面画曲线宾语在下面画双横线定语在下面画虚线（一行点使我们想到一排钉子，“钉”谐音为“定语”的“定”）状语下面为短横线（短横线使我们想到短木桩，木桩撞（状）钟）补语上一短横，下一短横（下一短横好像是为了弥补上面短横间的空隙）同位语上下双曲线（都有曲折，上下位置基本相同）考点1.主语主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首，通常由名词性的词来充当。

可以作主语的词性或语法结构：1. 名词2. 代词3. 数词4. 不定式5. 动名词6. 主语从句等表示。

7. 名词化的形容词（如the rich）在英语中，形容词、副词和介词短语是不能作主语的。

如果它们在句首时，句子可能是倒装句，真正的主语在后面。

On the desk are some books. (主语是books，所以用are) Down jumps the boy. (主语是the boy，所以用jumps ) Gone are the days. (主语是the days，所以用are)练习1.在下面句子的主语下面画横线，并说出由什么充当。

1.During the 1990s, American country music has becomemore and more popular.2.We often speak English in class.3.One-third of the students in this class are girls.4.To swim in the river is a great pleasure.5.Smoking does harm to the health.6.The rich should help the poor.7.When we are going to have English test has not beendecided.8.It is necessary to learn a foreign language.9.That he isn’t at home is not true.10.There comes the bus.11.Beyond the village lies a small village.12.Now comes your turn.考点2.谓语谓语由动词充当，说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。

谓语的构成如下：A.简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。

如：He practices running every morning.He reads newspapers every day.B.复合谓语：①由情态动词或其他助动词加动词构成。

如：You may keep the book for two weeks.He has caught a bad cold.My sister is crying over there.I have been waiting for you all the time.I would stay at home all day.Has he come back?He did n’t attend the meeting yesterday.②由系动词加表语构成。

系动词不能单独作谓语，要和表语一起作谓语。

如：We are student s.Your idea sounds great.考点3.表语表语多是形容词，用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态，它一般位于系动词（如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等）之后。

表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及表语从句表示。

练习2.画出下列句中的表语，并说明由什么充当。

1.Our teacher of English is an American.2.Is it yours?3.The weather has turned cold.4.The speech is exciting.5.Three times seven is twenty-one.6.His job is to teach English.7.His hobby（爱好）is playing football.8.The machine must be under repairs.9.The truth is that he has never been abroad.考点4.宾语宾语由名词性的词充当，表示动作的对象或承受者，一般位于及物动词和介词后面。