常见的重读闭音节动词在加ed或ing时
节：辅音字母+元音字母+辅音字母
重读闭音节三要素：1)单词末尾最后一个音节必须是重读音节；
2) 最后只有一个辅音字母；
3) 最后一个辅音字母前的元音字母发短元音prohibit--- prohibited-- prohibited-- prohibiting
(重读在第二音节，非重读闭音节，不双写)。
常见的重读闭音节动词在加ed或ing时，需要双写
1. Admit (admitted-admitted) admitting 准许进入
2. Ban(banned-banned) banning (ban sb from doing sth禁止
3. Beg (begged-begged) begging (beg sb for st请求
4. Begin(began-begun) beginnings始
5. Chat (chatted-chatted) chatting聊天
6. Clap (clapped-clapped) clapping鼓掌)
7. Control (controlled-controlled) controlling控制
8. Dip (dipped-dipped) dipping 蘸)
9. Dig (dug-dug)digging 挖，寻
10. Drag (dragged-dragged)dragging 拖，拉，拽)
11. drop (dropped-dropped)dropping 落下; 投下
12. forget (forgot-forgot/forgotten)forgetting 忘记
13. Get (got-got) getting 得到
14. Hug(hugged-hugged) hugging 拥抱
15. Infer (inferred-inferred)inferring( 推断)
16. Nod(nodded-nodded) nodding 点头
17. Occur(occurred-occurred) occurring 发生
18. Pat (patted-patted) patting 拍打
19. Permit(permitted-permitted) permitting 允许
20. Pin(pinned-pinned) pinning (别针，别)
21. Plan(planned-planned) planning 计戈U
22. Prefer (preferred-preferred) preferring 更喜欢
23. Regret (regretted-regretted) regretting 遗憾，后悔
24. Rob (robbed-robbed) robbing(rob sb of sth)抢夺
25. Ship(shipped-shipped)shipping(用船运)
26. Shop( shopped-shopped) shopping 购物
27. Sit (sat-sat)sitting 坐
28. Skip (skipped-skipped)skipping(跳，跳读，遗漏)
29. Sob( sobbed-sobbed) sobbing(啜泣)
30. Star ( starred-starred)starring(主演)
31. Step ( stepped-stepped) stepping 脚步，踏入
32. Stop (stopped-stopped) stopping 停止
33. Swim (swam-swum) swimming 游泳
34. Tap(tapped-tapped) tapping(轻敲)
35. Trap (trapped-trapped ) trapping(圈套)
36. Win(won-won) winning 赢
37. Wrap(wrapped-wrapped) wrapping 包裹，包装
38. Cut (cut-cut) cutting 切
39. Fit(fit-fit) fitting 安装；使……适应；使……合身
40. Hit(hit-hit) hitting 打，打击；碰撞
41. Let(let-let)letting 允许，任由；让
42. Put (put-put)putting 放
43. Set (set-set) setting 安装，设置
44. Shut(shut-shut)shutting 关
45. Spit (spit-spit)spitting .吐，吐口水
46. Split ( split-split)splitting 劈开，(使)裂开，分裂，分离
47. Equip equipped equipping 装备，安装
48stir----stirred----stirring 搅拌；激起；惹起
49rub----rubbed----rubbing 擦，摩擦；用…擦;触怒
注意:
Write wrote written
Play played played Pay paid
paid
Destroy
Study
lied lying
lain lying
laid laying
dying flying
Big 大的bigger, biggest
Hot 热的hotter hottest
Red 红色的redder reddest Thin 廋的thinner thinnest
writing
playing
paying destroying studying
destroyed destroyed
studied studied Lie撒谎lied
Lie 位于，平躺lay
Lay 放置，下蛋laid
Die died died
Fly flew flown
常见形容词
Fat 胖的fatter fattest
Slim 苗条的slimmer slimmest Wet 湿的wetter wettest
Sad 难过的sadder saddest
聚焦动词的——ING作状语[整理]-人教版
聚焦动词-ing形式作状语 动词-ing形式作状语,可以表示时间、原因、方式、伴随、条件、结果等。如: 1. While reading the book, he nodded from time to time. (时间) 2. Being ill, he didn’t go to school yesterday.(原因) 3. He came running back to tell us the news. (方式) 4. She sat at the desk reading a newspaper. (伴随) 5. Working hard, you will succeed. (条件) 6. The child fell, striking his head against the door and cutting it. (结果) 注意:①动词-ing形式作状语,其逻辑主语应与句子的主语一致。 ②动词-ing形式前可有while, when, unless, though, if等连词。 [巩固练习] 从A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1. “We can’t go out in this weather,” said Bob, ______ out of the window. (NMET 2004 II) A. looking B. to look C. looked D. having looked 2. Having been attacked by terrorists, ______. (上海2004) A. doctors came to their rescue B. the tall building collapsed C. an emergency measure was taken D. warnings were given to tourists 3. Suddenly, a tall man driving a golden carriage ______ the girl and took her away, ______ into the woods. (上海2004春) A. seizing; disappeared B. seized; disappeared C. seizing; disappearing D. seized; disappearing 4. Though ______ money, his parents managed to send him to university. (上海2002) A. lacked B. lacking of C. lacking D. lacked in 5. ______ such heavy pollution already, it may now be too late to clean up the river. (NMET 2001) A. Having suffered B. Suffering C. To suffer D. Suffered 6. Finding her car stolen, ______. (上海2001) A. a policeman was asked to help B. the area was searched thoroughly C. it was looked for everywhere D. she hurried to a policeman for help 7. ______ from heart trouble for years, Professor White has to take some medicine with him wherever he goes. (上海2001春) A. Suffered B. Suffering
变化规律(+ed+ly+ing)
动词变为进行时的规则： 动词以一个不发音的e 结尾，去掉e,加ing;动词以ee结尾,直接加ing,如： agree→agreeing;see →seeing 1. 一是E不发音以E结尾的动词,去E加ING come coming, write writing, become, becoming dance dancing 2. 二是如果去掉E则引起发音变化的,应保留E, 例如agree, agreeing，发音的e 就不能去直接加ing 如be being 3. E前面是元音时,保留E，例如canoe canoeing 4. 末尾是闭音节或者重读闭音节多音节动词,双写末尾辅音字母. 以一个辅音字母+一个元音字母+ 一个辅音字母结尾，且元音不读字母本身音，最后一个辅音字母双 例如sit sitting, begin beginning stop stopping, forget forgetting 5. 有些IE结尾的把IE变Y加ING 例如lie lying，die→dying； 形容词变副词 1. 但绝大多数以e结尾的形容词仍然直接加-ly。例如：polite-politely, wide-widely等。 形容词变副词通常是加ly,其变化有规律可循,请记住以下口诀： 通常是直接加ly, 2. “元+e”去e加，例如：true-truly等 3. “辅+y”改i加，happy—happily, 4. “le”结尾e改y。possible—possibly. . 规则动词的过去式变化 1、一般情况下，动词词尾加-ed ，如：work ---worked play---played wanted----wanted act----acted 2、以不发音的-e 结尾动词，动词词尾加-d，如：live---lived move----moved taste---tasted hope---hoped 3、以辅音字母+ y结尾的动词，把-y变为-i 再加-ed，如：study---studied copy---copied cry---cried carry---carried 4、以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词，双写词尾辅音字母，再加-ed，如：stop ---stopped 5、不规则动词的过去式变化规律性不强，须多加记忆。go –went make –made get –got buy - bought come - came fly-flew 不规则动词的过去式的构成 1．把动词原形中的i改为a，变成过去式。如：begin—began，drink—drank，give—gave，ring—rang，sing—sang，sit—sat，swim—swam 2．把重读开音节中的i改为o，变成过去式。如：drive—drove，ride—rode，write—wrote 3．改动词原形中的aw ／ow为ew，变成过去式。如：draw—drew，grow—grew，know—knew，throw—threw（动词show 除外，show—showed）4．动词原形中的e改为o，变成过去式。如：get—got，forget —forgot 5．动词原形中的ee改为e，变成过去式。如：feed—fed，meet—met 6．动
动词ing形式详解
动词的ing形式 1. -ing分词的构成 -ing分词是由动词原形加词尾-ing构成。-ing分词同样有时态和语态的变化，通常有下表几种形式（以do为例）： 主动形式 被动形式 一般式 doing being done 完成式 having done having been done -ing分词的否定形式是由not 加-ing分词构成。如： Not knowing his address, I could do nothing but stay at home and wait. 不知道他的地址，我只好在家里等着。 His not coming made all of us angry. 他没来使我们大家都很生气。 2. -ing分词的一般式和完成式： -ing分词的一般式表示和谓语动词所表示的动作同时进行的动作；完成式表示在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生的动作。如： Being a student, he was interested in books. 作为一个学生，他对书本很感兴趣。 Not having studied his lessons very hard, he failed the examinations. 因为没有努力学习功课，他考试不及格。 3. -ing分词的被动式： -ing分词的被动式表示它的逻辑主语是-ing分词动作的承受者。根据-ing分词动作发生的时间，-ing分词的被动式有一般被动式(being done)和完成被动式(having been done)。如：The question being discussed is very important. 正在被讨论的问题很重要。 He never talked about his having been interviewed by the reporter. 他从来没谈起过他被记者采访的事情。 Having been criticized by the teacher, he gave up smoking. 被老师批评以后，他把烟戒了。
最新动词后加ing的规则
动词后加－ing的规则 1．英语动词加-ing，通常是在原形词尾直接加-ing构成：cough—coughing，climb—climbing，stand—standing，fight—fighting 2．以-e结尾的动词 （1）如果动词原形以一辅音加一不发音的-e结尾，一般应去掉e再加ing：write—writing，hope—hoping，care—caring，stare—staring，plane—planing，have—having，save—saving，produce—producing，breathe—breathing （2）以-ie结尾的动词应先将e去掉，将i变成y然后再加-ing： die—dying，tie—tying，vie—vying，lie—lying （3）以-ee，－oe，－ye结尾的动词加-ing时应保留词尾e： see—seeing，flee—fleeing，free—freeing，agree—agreeing，hoe—hoeing，dye—dyeing，eye—eyeing （4）以-ue结尾的动词大多应先去e再加-ing： sue—suing，imbue—imbuing，construe—construing，pursue—pursuing， rue—ruing 有时，词尾e可去掉也可保留： glue—gluing或glueing，cue—cuing或cueing，blue—blueing或bluing， true—truing或trueing，clue—clueing或cluing 3．以一元音加一辅音结尾的动词 （1）如果动词最后一音节为重读闭音节，最后一个字母需要重复： run—running，stop—stopping，hop—hopping，plan—planning，star—starring，control —controlling但辅音x是个例外，无需重复（x其实起着两个辅音的作用）：tax—taxing，relax—relaxing （2）如果动词最后一个音节为次重读音节，最后一个字母有时也重复：kidnap—kidnapping或kidnaping，program—programming或programing （3）如果动词最后一个音节为非重读音节，最后一个字母大多无需重复：open—opening，offer—offering，audit—auditing但在有些动词中，重复或不重复均可：worship—worshiping或worshipping，focus—focusing或focussing，cancel—canceling或cancelling，travel—traveling或travelling 以非重读的-el结尾的动词加-ing时，英国英语习惯于重复词尾l，而美国英语则习惯于不重复1。 4．若动词以一元音加一半元音（y或w）结尾，可直接加-ing： pay—paying，throw—throwing，follow—following，draw—drawing，employ—employing 5．以-ic结尾的动词应先在字母c后加一字母k再加-ing： frolic—frolicking，panic—panicking，mimic—mimicking，picnic—picnicking，traffic—trafficking 这主要是为在动词后加-ing之后保留/k/这个音。若不在字母c后加字母k而直接加-ing，字母c的发音就不再是/k/，而是/s/： lesson 31 重点：动词的时态 时态：在英语语言中，同一个谓语动词在不同的句子中，发生的时间不一致的时候，必须用这个动词的不同形态。这种因为动词时间不同而形态不同的语法现象叫时态。 现在进行时 1．概念：1）表示此时此刻正在发生；2）一段时间内有间隔的在发生。 2．谓语构成：be动词+动词的现在分词（动词的ing形式）
初中英语动词加ing和加ed,动词变形容词的方法与异同
初中英语动词加ing和加ed，动词变形容词的方法与异同平时英语单选中，有一类题几乎每次考试都考，那就是动词变形容词的方法。拿最常见的interest来说，当动词时，意思是“使感兴趣”，是一个及物动词，后面接人。例如：Here’s an article which might interest you. 这是一篇或许会使你感兴趣的文章。 ①加ing 当这类动词加上ing时，表示的是事物的一个特征，可以翻译为“令人……的“interesting：令人感兴趣的，有趣的 ②加ed 此时表示事物受到特定刺激后的一种感受，可以翻译为”感到……的“”受到……的“interested：感到兴趣的，感兴趣的 【文末有PDF版本，可下载】 与之类似的还有很多词汇，今天我们就来一起看一下： 1. amaze: v. 使大为惊奇 amazing：adj. 令人惊诧的，惊人的；令人惊喜的It's amazing that no one else has applied for the job.竟然没有其他人去应聘这项工作，真让人惊诧。 amazed：adj. 十分惊奇的，惊愕的She was amazed at how calm she felt after the accident. 事故发生后她是如此镇定，这让她自己都觉得惊奇。
2. annoy：v. 烦扰，打搅，使烦恼 annoying：adj. 讨厌的，恼人的It's really annoying when a train is late and there's no explanation. 火车误点而又不作任何解释，这很令人恼火。 annoyed：生气的，烦恼的 I was so annoyed with him for turning up late. 他姗姗来迟，我很生气 3. astonish：v. 使吃惊；使惊讶 astonishing：adj. 令人惊讶的；惊人的 Her first novel enjoyed an astonishing success. 她的第一部小说取得了惊人的成功。 astonished：adj. 感到震惊的；觉得惊骇的 I was astonished to see Miriam there. 我很吃惊地发现米里亚姆竟然在那儿。 4. confuse：v. 使困惑，使糊涂；使混乱 confusing：adj. 令人困惑的; The instructions are really confusing. Could you help me with them, please? 这些使用说明太让人费解了。你能帮我看一下吗？confused：adj. 感到困惑的I'm a bit confused. Was that her husband or her son she was with? 我有些糊涂。跟她在一起的是她丈夫还是她儿子？
动词-ing形式作表语定语,宾补及状语的用法
动词-ing形式作表语定语，宾补及状语的用法 一、动词-ing形式作表语 1.表示主语的内容,可以转换到句首作主语 Her job is keeping the lecture hall as clean as possible. (= keeping the lecture hall as clean as possible is her job) 她的工作是尽量使报告厅保持干净。 2.表示主语具有的特征、性质和状态(动词ing相当一个形容词） The problem is quite puzzling. 这个问题很令困惑。 3.常用来作表语的现在分词有astonishing, amusing, confusing, disappointing, boring, encouraging, inspiring, moving, tiring, interesting, surprising等。 全析提示：动词-ing形式作表语时，其逻辑主语往往是句子中的主语，但用作表语的-ing形式也可带有自己的逻辑主语。 What worries me most is her staying too late every night. (staying too late every night的逻辑主语是her) 二、动词-ing形式作定语 1单个的动词-ing形式可以作前置定语，一般具有两种含义。 ①说明被修饰名词的用途和性能。 a reading room = a room which is used for reading 阅览室 running shoes =shoes for running 跑鞋 a working method =a method for working 工作方法 ②表示所修饰的人或物的动作或状态，在意思上接近一个定语从句，可以表示正在进行的动作，也可表示经常性动作或当时的状态。 developing countries = countries that are developing 发展中国家 an ordinary-looking house = a house that looks ordinary 看起来很普通的房子 a puzzling problem = a problem that puzzles somebody 困扰人的问题 2作定语的动词-ing形式如是一个短语，则应放在被修饰词的后面,做后置定语，相当于一个定语从句。 They lived in a house facing south.(=which is facing south) 他们住在一所朝南的房子里。 Do you know the boy playing basket?（=Who is playing basket) 你认识在打篮球的那个小男孩吗？ The man visiting Japan (=the man who is visiting Japan ) is my uncle 正在访问日本的那个男人是我的叔叔。 三、动词-ing形式作宾补 1、动词-ing形式作宾语补足语常放在宾语后 面，表示一个正在进行的主动性的动作，强调一个过程或一种状态。 When we returned, we found a stranger standing in front of the house. 2、当主句转换为被动结构时,原来作宾语补足语 的动词-ing形式便转换为主语补足语。
动词后加ing规则
动词后加－i n g的规则 1．英语动词加-ing，通常是在原形词尾直接加-ing构成：cough—coughing，climb—climbing，stand—standing，fight—fighting 2．以-e结尾的动词 （1）如果动词原形以一辅音加一不发音的-e结尾，一般应去掉e再加ing： write—writing，hope—hoping，care—caring，stare—staring，plane—planing，have—having，save—saving，produce—producing，breathe—breathing （2）以-ie结尾的动词应先将e去掉，将i变成y然后再加-ing： die—dying，tie—tying，vie—vying，lie—lying （3）以-ee，－oe，－ye结尾的动词加-ing时应保留词尾e： see—seeing，flee—fleeing，free—freeing，agree—agreeing，hoe—hoeing，dye—dyeing，eye—eyeing （4）以-ue结尾的动词大多应先去e再加-ing： sue—suing，imbue—imbuing，construe—construing，pursue—pursuing，rue—ruing 有时，词尾e可去掉也可保留： glue—gluing或glueing，cue—cuing或cueing，blue—blueing或bluing，true—truing或trueing，clue—clueing或cluing 3．以一元音加一辅音结尾的动词 （1）如果动词最后一音节为重读闭音节，最后一个字母需要重复： run—running，stop—stopping，hop—hopping，plan—planning，star—starring，control—controlling但辅音x是个例外，无需重复（x其 实起着两个辅音的作用）： tax—taxing，relax—relaxing （2）如果动词最后一个音节为次重读音节，最后一个字母有时也重复：
双写再加ed或ing的动词
英文单词中，字母双写的情况，如：双写加ing,双写加ed，always confused me. 动词ing形式双写的有：sit,put,get,,swim,prefer,travel,run 动词加ed双写的有：stop ，drop ，fit， prefer， travel begin beginning cut ---- cutting dig ---- digging get ---- getting hit ---- hitting let ---- letting put ---- putting run ---- running set ---- setting shut ---- shutting sit ---- sitting spit ---- spitting split ---- splitting swim ---- swimming win ---- winning
beg ---- begged ---- begging drip ---- dripped ---- dripping dot ---- dotted ---- dotting drop ---- dropped ---- dropping fit ---- fitted ---- fitting hug ---- hugged ---- hugged plan ---- planned ---- planning pat ---- patted ---- patting rid ---- ridded ---- ridding rob ---- robbed ---- robbing rebet ---- rebetted ---- rebetting regret ---- regretted ---- regretting stop ---- stopped ---- stopping stir ---- stirred ---- stirring rub ---- rubbed ---- rubbing travel ---- travel(l)ed ---- travel(l)ing whip ---- whipped ---- whipping 规则是：在重读闭音节里，末尾只有一个辅音字母，辅音字母前只有一个元音字母时，要双写这个辅音字母。 网游虾的这个：辅－元－辅好像更好记 内在的道理就是:动词+ing或+ed后,必须保证主干的发音不变
动词ing做宾补-表语-定语-状语及综合练习
高中英语语法 动词ing形式做宾补表语定语状语用法详解及练习 第一部分：动词的-ing形式作宾语补足语 1．动词的-ing形式可以在see, hear, notice, watch, feel, smell, look at, listen to, observe, find等表示感官和心理状态的动词后面作宾语补足语，和一个名词或代词一起构成复合宾语。 We heard the children shouting upstairs. 我们听见孩子们在楼上叫喊。 I noticed a man running out of the bank when I got off the car. 我下车的时候注意到一个男人从银行里跑出来。 I felt my heart beating violently. 我觉得我的心在猛烈地跳动。 2．动词的-ing形式和不定式作宾语补语的区别 在see, hear, feel, watch, notice等感官动词后，既可用动词的-ing形式构成复合宾语，也可用不定式构成复合宾语，两者之间有一定的区别。用动词的-ing形式时，表示动作正在进行；用不定式时，表示动作发生了，即动作的全过程结束了。 He saw a girl getting on the car. 他看见一个女孩在上汽车。 ) (She was getting on the car.) He saw a girl get on the car and drive off. 他看见一个女孩上车开走了。 (She got on the car and drove off.) Do you hear someone knocking at the door 你听见有人在敲门吗 (Someone is knocking at the door.) Do you hear someone knock at the door 你听见有人敲门了吗 (Someone knocked at the door just now.)
现在进行时_动词加ing的变化规律
现在进行时动词加ing的变化规律 1)一般情况下，直接加 -ing: 如：go—going answer—answering study—studying be—being see—seeing [注一] 和名词复数、一般现在时动词第三人称单数加-s(-es)不同， 动词末尾如为“辅音字母 + y”时，y不变，其后直接加ing。 如: study—studying fly—flying carry—carrying [注二] 动词结尾为辅音字母r时，加-ing，r在此必须发音。 如: water—watering answer—answering wear—wearing 2)以不发音的e结尾的动词，去掉e，再加ing 如：come—coming write—writing take—taking become—becoming 3)动词是闭音节的单音节词，或是以重读闭音节结尾的多音节词， 而末尾只有一个辅音字母时，这个辅音字母须双写，然后再加ing。 如：sit—sitting run—running stop—stopping begin—beginning admit—admitting forget—forgetting [注一] send，think，accept等动词虽是闭音节或以重读闭音节结尾， 但末尾有一个以上的辅音字母，因此，这个辅音字母不双写，应直接加ing。 如：sending thinking accepting 4)少数几个以-ie结尾的动词，须将ie变作y，再加ing。 如：die—dying tie—tying lie—lying躺，说谎 5)少数以-c结尾的动词变为现在分词时和过去式，须先将-c变为ck,然后再加-ing 或-ed 。 如：picnic—picnicking (picnicked) traffic—trafficking (trafficked)
动词加-ing、-ed,-es的规则
动词加-ing, -s/ -es, -ed及名词加-s /-es的规则汇总 一动词+ing: 1 一般情况下，直接在动词后加－ing 2 动词以不发音的－e结尾，要去－e加－ing 3 重读闭音节并且是由一个元音字母加一个辅音字母结尾的动词，要双写辅音 字母再加－ing 4 以－ie结尾的动词，把-ie变成y再加－ing work _______ study _______ take _______ make _______ cut _______ put _______ begin _______ lie _______ tie _______ die _______ 二动词+s / es (名词变复数的规则相同！) 1 一般情况下，在动词后+s 2 以辅音字母+y结尾的动词，把y改为i，再加es （元音字母+y的单词 直接加s） 3 以s, x, ch,sh, o结尾的动词加es. (以o结尾的名词，一般下面的词加 es:Negro—Negroes 、hero—heroes 、tomato—tomatoes 、 potato—potatoes ) get_______ s tay________ watch_______ w ish_______ fix_______ do _________ go_______ pass_______ try_______ study_______ c ry_______ fly_________ 三动词+ed: 1 一般情况下，动词词尾加ed (以e结尾的单词只要加d就可以了) 2 以辅音字母+ y结尾的动词，把y变为i 再加ed， 3 以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词，双写词尾辅音字母，再加ed， live_______ move_______ judge_______ wipe_______ study_______ copy_______ cry_______ carry_______ empty_______ stop_______ beg_______ drag_______ drop_______ plan_______ drip_______ 答案：一：working studying taking making cutting putting beginning lying tying dying 二：gets stays watches wishes fixes does goes passes tries studies cries flies 三：lived moved judged wiped studied copied cried carried emptied stopped begged dragged dropped planned dripped
必修4动词-ing形式作表语,定语,宾语补足语和状语
年级高一学科英语版本人教实验版 内容标题必修4 Unit 3 A taste of English humor动词-ing形式作表语、定语、 宾语补足语和状语 编稿老师林静 【本讲教育信息】 一. 教学内容： 动词-ing形式作表语、定语、宾语补足语和状语 二. 知识精讲 （一）动词的ing形式作表语 1. 动名词作表语一般表示抽象的、习惯性的行为，这时主语与表语的位置可以互换。 Her duty is taking care of the babies. 照看婴儿是她的职责。 Our job is playing all kinds of music. 我们的工作就是演奏各种音乐 2. 现在分词作表语，表明的是主语的性质与特征，相当于形容词，可有比较级形式，亦可被very, quite，so等副词修饰，这时主语与表语的位置不可互换 The music they are playing sounds exciting. 他们演奏的音乐是如此令人兴奋 The film we saw last night is quite moving. 我们昨晚看的电影十分感人。 （二）动词的ing形式作定语 1. 动名词作定语，表示该名词的用途或与其有关的动作，通常只能放在所修饰的名词前。 a walking stick手杖reading room 阅览室washing machine洗衣机 2.现在分词作定语，说明所修饰的名词正在进行的动作或存在的状态，现在分词与所修 饰的名词具有逻辑上的主谓关系，可换成定语从句来表达，单个的现在分词作定语常置于被 修饰的名词前，现在分词短语作定语须置于被修饰的名词后。 Nobody can stop the running horse(=the horse that is running). 没人能阻止那匹奔跑的马。
动词ing变化规则
动词加ing的变化规则: 一、一般情况下，直接加ing 1. go-going 去 2. stand-standing 站 3. sleep-sleeping 睡觉 4. eat-eating 吃 5. sing-singing 唱 6. drink-drinking喝 7. read-reading 读 8. look-looking 看 9. walk-walking 散步 10. watch-watching 看 11. draw-drawing画 12. fly-flying 飞 13. open-opening 打开 14. jump-jumping 跳15. do-doing 做 16. paint-painting 绘画 17. pick-picking捡 18. play-playing 玩 19. kick-kicking 踢 20. talk-talking 说话 21. cook-cooking 烹饪 22. learn-earning 学习 23.look-looking看 24. climb-climbing 25. count-counting 数数 26. clean-cleaning 打扫 27. fish-fishing 钓鱼 二、以不发音的e结尾，去e加ing 1. come–coming 来 2. dance-dancing 跳舞 3. close-closing 关 4. make–making 制造
5. ride–riding骑 6. write-writing 写 7. take - taking 拿走 8. phone-phoning 打电话 9. move–moving 移动/搬 10. have–having 有 3、双写加-ing : 重读闭音节就要双写.重读闭音节即两个辅音中间夹一个元音 注意：重读闭音节三要素：1. 必须是重读音节； 2. 最后只有一个辅音字母； 3. 元音字母发短元音 1、判断是不是重读闭音节双写，不仅仅要看单词的字母组合符合辅音字母+元音字母+辅音字母结尾， 2、还要看音标是不是符合辅音+ 元音+辅音结尾只有都符合才可以双写： buy 的音标[bai] 不符合， beat不符合 例如： 1. sit- sitting 做 2. hop - hopping 单脚跳 3. swim- swimming 游泳 4. run - running 跑 5. cut – cutting 切 6. put – putting 放 7.forget-forgetting 8.get-getting 9.begin-beginning 10.hit-hitting 11.chat-chatting 12.stop-stopping
非谓语动词情况下的ing及ed用法
非谓语动词2分词 非谓语动词就是在句子中不充当谓语的动词。它不受主语的限制，也没有像谓语动词那样的时态和语态的变化，又称为非限定动词，在句子中可以作主语、宾语、表语、宾补、定语和状语。非谓语动词包括三种形式：不定式、动名词和分词。 1．分类：现在分词和过去分词。 2.用法： （1）以ing 及ed结尾的adj的用法 由与感觉相关的Vt 得来，如: interest, bore, worry, surprise, frighten, delight, move, excite, tire, puzzle,disappoint, encourage, satisfy, please, inspire, astonish, discourage等。 这类动词的adj有两种：-ing “令人….的”，常修饰事物。 -ed “（人）感到…的”，常修饰人。 例：The children are all interested in the interesting story. Exercise：1. Listening to the ______________report, we were all ______________(tire). 2. The film was so ______________ that the audience were deeply ______________(move). 3. Seeing the ______________ result, we are all ______________(delight). 注意：有些动词的过去分词转化为adj时，表示人的内心感受，有时还可修饰voice, look , expression 等名词，表示透过人的声音，表情显示出人的内心感受。 例：From his terrified voice，we can judge he really had a terrifying experience. Exercise：1. The little boy seemed ______________at t he sight of the ______________snake(frighten). 2. How ______________it is to see a ______________ look on his face. (disappoint) 3. ______________of the ______________ film, the man went out of the cinema halfway.(bore) 4. He hadn’t expected the result, which can be seen from his ______________look. (surprise) (2)做定语：现在分词做定语表示主动或正在进行；过去分词做定语表示被动或已完成。 A burning building A wounded soldier 单个的分词放在被修饰的名词前；短语分词放在被修饰的词的后面,相当于一个定语从句。 Do you know the boy standing by the door Do you know the man called Bill Gates Exercise：1. The man ______________(allow) to use the computer is the engineer. 2. The man ______________(allow) us to use the computer is the engineer. 3. There is a book ______________(leave) on the table. 4. There is a book ______________(lie) on the table. (3)做状语：如果与句子的主语构成逻辑上的主动关系用现在分词；如果与句子的主语构成被动关系，要用过去分词。 The students went into the classroom, talking and laughing . Seen from the top of the hill ,the city is very beautiful. Exercise: 1. ______________ more time, we could do it much better. 2. . ______________ more time, they minister hope we can do it much better. 3. I hurried to the airport, only ______________(find)the plane had taken off. 4. ______________( notice) by the citizen, the theif was arrested finally. (4)做宾语补足语:现在分词做宾语补足语表示宾语与宾语补足语之间构成主动关系；过去分词做宾语补足语表示宾 语与宾语补足语之间构成被动关系。 Jenny found a good way to have her written English improved in a short period. She noticed something unusual happening. Exercise:1. He could hear his heart ______________(beat)fast. 2. It’s terrible to hear your uncle ______________(send) to the hospital. 3. The teacher came in , with a book ______________(hold) in her hand. 4. The teacher came in , with a shy girl ______________(hide) behind her.
动词ing作状语
1.v-ing作状语可以修饰动词，在句中表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、行为方式或伴随的情况等。 **时间状语 动词的ing形式作时间状语时相当于一个状语从句，几乎每一个动词ing作状语时都可以转换成一个时间状语从句。它表示动作如果和谓语动词的动作同时发生或紧接着发生，此时常用动词的ing形式的一般式，在强调动词的ing形式表示的动作先于谓语动词的动作时，用动词ing的完成时。 Eg；1.arriving in Paris，I lost my way。 =when I arrived in Paris，I lost my way。到巴黎后，我迷路了。 2.Hearing the exciting news，the boy jumped with joy。 =when the boy heard the exciting news，the boy jumped with joy。 听到这个令人激动的消息，男孩高兴得跳起来。 3.we are ready for the examination，having made full preparations。 = we are ready for the examination，when we have made full preparations。 我们已经做好充分的准备，现在可以应考了。 **原因状语
动词的ing 作原因状语时，相当于一个原因状语从句，同时也可以转变为一个原因状语从句。它表示的原因的动词ing 形式短语一般置于句首。 Eg；1.having smoked too much ，he has suffered from lung cancer。 =as he has smoked too much ，he has suffered from lung cancer 由于抽烟过多，他得了肺癌。 2.living far from my company，I have to get up early。 =because I live far from my company，I have to get up early。 由于住得离公司远，我只好早起。 3.not knowing her address，I might as well call her to come over。 =because I do not know her address，I might as well call her to come over。 不知道她的地址，我只好打电话让她来。 **结果状语 动词的ing作结果状语时，不常用，通常放在句末，中间有逗号。它可以转化成结果状语从句。 Eg；1.the fire lasted nearly a month，leaving nothing valuable。 大火持续了近一个月，几乎没剩下什么有价值的东西。 **方式、伴随状语 动词ing表示方式或伴随情况是比较常见的，它用来说明发生的背景或情况。 Eg，1.I stood by the door，not daring to say a word。 我站在门旁边，不敢说一句话。 2.my parents wrote me a letter ，telling me to change my job。 我父母来信让换我工作。 3.i lay on the grass，staring at the sky for a long time。 我躺在草地上，长时间的望天空。 4.talking and laughing，the kids walked one by one into the classroom。 孩子们有一个个说有笑的走进教室。 5.theycame running all the way。 他们一路跑过来。 **条件状语