Lesson 3 Fasteners and Springs
Unit3阅读课件沪教牛津版七年级英语上册(2)
Warm rain falls on the forests and fields.
field n.田野；领域 fall on 降落；降临
People were working in the fields. 人们在田间劳动
a ploughed field 耕地
a field of wheat 麦田
Plants start to grow, and birds come back from the south.
South n.南方；南边 come back from...从....回来 They were both raised in the South. 他们俩都是在南方长大的。
in the East 在东部
This discovery has opened up a whole new field of research.
这个发现开辟了一个崭新的 There are four seasons in a year, and each season has its special features. Spring Life begins again in spring. The snow melts, and nature wakes up after the long winter, Warm rain falls on the forests and fields. Plants start to grow, and birds come back from the south. Farmers begin to work their land. It is a time of new life and new hope. It is exciting to take a trip in the countryside in springtime. Summer Summer is bright and noisy. The weather is hot. The sun shines brightly in the clear, blue sky.Cicadas sing loudly. There is often thunder and lightning in the afternoon. Many people like to go to the beach and swim in the sea. It is nice to eat ice cream or fresh fruit in summer. Autumn Autumn is beautiful and full of colour. The weather is cool and dry. In autumn, everything changes. Leaves turn brown, red or yellow and start falling from the trees. Squirrels gather food for the cold winter. Farmers are busy with the harves. It is great to go on a family outing at this time of year. Winter Winter is peaceful and fun. It is cold and snowy in many places. Bears and snakes find warm places to sleep through the winter. Children love winter because they love to play in the snow.
2abaqus里的单词翻译包括音标方便记忆
Modeling space['mɒdəlɪŋ] [speɪs]模型空间2D planar['pleɪnə]二维平面Axisymmetric[,æksisɪ'mɛtrɪk]轴对称Type[taɪp]类型Deformable[,di'fɔ:məbl]可变形Discrete rigid[dɪ'skriːt] ['rɪdʒɪd]离散刚性Analytical rigid[ænə'lɪtɪk(ə)l] ['rɪdʒɪd] 解析刚性Eulerian 欧拉None available [nʌn] [ə'veɪləb(ə)l]没有可选的项Base feature [beɪs] ['fiːtʃə]基本特征Shape[ʃeɪp]形状Solid ['sɒlɪd]实体Shell [ʃel]壳Wire [waɪə]线Extrusion [ɪk'struːʒn]拉伸Revolution [revə'luːʃ(ə)n]旋转Sweep [swiːp]扫描Approximate size [ə'prɒksɪmət] [saɪz]大约尺寸Cancel ['kæns(ə)l]取消Planar ['ple ɪn ə] 平面Coordinates [k əu'ɔ:dineits] 坐标 Include twist [ɪn'kluːd] [tw ɪst] 包括扭曲Part manager [p ɑːt] ['mæn ɪd ʒə] 部件管理Description [dɪ'skrɪpʃ(ə)n]描述Status ['steɪtəs]状态Update validity [ʌp'deɪt] [və'lɪdɪtɪ]更新有效性Ignore invalidity [ɪg'nɔː] [,ɪnvə'lɪdəti] 忽略无效性Dismiss [dɪs'mɪs]关闭Shape [ʃeɪp]加工Feature ['fiːtʃə]特征The model database recovery operation has completed 模型“model1-1”已创建。
机械工程专业英语_第一课
GENERAL INFORMATION
教学目的和要求
掌握机械工程专业的词汇和专业术语； 培养专业英语的基本翻译能力、阅读能力、写作能力； 培养基础的听力与口语能力和资料检索能力。
听：科技英语相关的新闻、报道、课程视听材料； 说：自制PPT，讲解机械制造工艺、装备及设计方法等； 读：具备阅读机械专业英语教材、期刊论文和说明书的能力； 写：科技论文写作的格式、方法，重点练习英文论文摘要的写作； 译：掌握基本的专业文献翻译能力。
mechanicalengineeringschoolmechanicalelectricalinformationengineeringshandonguniversityweihaigeneralinformationbasicconceptengineeringmechanicsthreadedfastenerslesson19introductionmachinedesignlesson25machininglesson29gearmanufacturingmethodslesson47computeraidedprocessplanninglesson53industrialrobotslesson57lesson59mechanicalengineeringinformationagelesson61howscientificpapergeneralinformation课程内容generalinformation教学目的和要求掌握机械工程专业的词汇和专业术语
GENERAL INFORMATION
考试说明
时间：第十六周 成绩：平时成绩（30%）+期末成绩（70%）。 方式：有限开卷，可带一本英语字典（非电子词典）。
东电专业英语
1Couplings 联轴器，Clutches 离合器 shafts 轴and springs 弹簧①A coupling is a device for connecting the ends ……worn parts are replaced联轴器是用来连接相毗连轴的设备。
在机器结构中，联轴器被用做在两毗连轴间产生暂时性的连接。
永久性的连接在某种意义上并不意味着在机器的有效寿命之间被破坏，但是在紧急的情况或当坏件被取代时可以破坏和复原。
②electric motor and a qearbox 电机和齿轮箱 ③rotational inertia 转动惯量The rotor(rotating member)in an electric motor ……is started 电动机中的转子（旋转单位）具有转动惯量，并且当电机启动时需要一个使之加速的扭矩 ④burn out 烧坏 ⑤mount 安装固定 ⑥be subjected to 受到⑦coupletely reversed stresses 周期性的交变应力Although most spring are mechanical ……are also obtainable 大多数弹簧是机械的并且它们是从金属的固有塑性中获得功效的，液压弹簧和空气弹簧也是这样。
Springs are used for a variety ……instruments during shipment弹簧有很多用处，如：为钟和表提供动力，交通工具的减震，称重，约束机床构件，减轻从不平衡的运转机床到支撑结构的周期性干扰力的传递，并且能提供精密仪器的运输时的震动保护3Machine Tool Frames 机座①The frame is a machine ’s ……govern material choice机座是一台机器的主要零件。
大多数的机座是由铸铁，焊接钢，复合材料或水泥制成的。
图说英语新概念英语第三册课文音标版讲义lesson3
不久之前，在爱琴海的基亚岛上，考古工作者有一项有趣的发现。
An American team explored a temple which stands in an ancient city on the promontory of Ayia Irini.
ðə ˈtempl wɪʧ ði ˌɑːkɪˈɒləʤɪsts ɪksˈplɔːd wɒzjuːstæz ə pleɪs ɒv ˈwɜːʃɪp frɒm ðə ˈfˈɪftiːnθ ˈsenʧʊri biː. siː. ənˈtɪl ˈrəʊmən taɪmz.
考古工作者考察的这座庙宇从公元前15世纪直到罗马时代一直是祭祀祈祷的场所。
城里甚至还敷设了排水系统，因为在狭窄的街道底下发现了许许多多陶土制作的排水管道。
城里甚至还敷设了排水系统，因为在狭窄的街道底下发现了许许多多陶土制作的排水管道。
The temple which the archaeologists explored was used as a place of worshபைடு நூலகம்p from the fifteenth century B. C. until Roman times.
3
Some time ago, an interesting discovery was made by archaeologists on the Aegean island of Kea.
sʌm taɪm əˈɡəʊ, ən ˈɪntrɪstɪŋ dɪsˈkʌvəri wɒz meɪd baɪ ˌɑːkɪˈɒləʤɪsts ɒn ði iːˈʤiːən ˈaɪlənd ɒv Kea.
在庙中最神圣的一间殿堂里发现了15尊陶雕像的碎片。
4机械工程专业英语第四课
4机械工程专业英语第四课翻译的基本方法–增词与减词Skills of Translation –adding and reducing words三、增词与减词（一）增词译法:在对英文进行翻译时，若按字面翻译，句子的结构不完善，或句子的含义不明确，或词汇的概念不清晰时，需要增加某些词语，以便更完善、清楚地表达英语句子的内容。
例：Efficiency costs money, safety adds complexity, performanceincreases weight.直译：效率花费金钱，安全增加复杂性，性能增加重量。
增词译法：对设备(或器件)来说，要提高效率就要增加成本，要想保证安全势必要增加其复杂程度，而要改善性能就要增加其重量。
1. 增加表示时态的概念的词英语中表达时态的词往往是没有词义的，翻译时必须用一些中文词将其表达出来：Balloons were (and are) usually filled with hydrogen.气球过去（和现在）一般都用氢气来充气。
翻译的基本方法–增词与减词Skills of Translation –adding and reducing wordsWe can learn what we did not know.我们能够学会我们原来不懂的东西。
（过去时）The generator set will start working tomorrow.这台发电机组将于明天开始运行。
（将来时）An object is said to possess kinetic energy if it if moving.如果一个物体在运动，就可以说它有了动能。
（进行时）We have learned how to fit the computer.我们已经学会了怎样安装电脑。
（完成时）Reamers are used to finish drilled holes.绞刀用来将已经钻好了的孔进行精加工。
机械专业英语备考句、段翻译【池院2014版】
第一课：Basic Concepts in Mechanics力学基本概念①The branch of scientific analysis which deals with motions, time, and force is called mechanics and is made up of two parts, statics and dynamics.【对运动、时间和作用力进行科学分析的分支称为力学，它由静力学和动力学两部分组成。
】②For example, if the force operating on a journal bearing becomes too high, it will squeeze out the oil film and cause metal-to-metal contact, overheating, and rapid failure of the bearing.【例如，如果作用在一个滑动轴承上的力太大，它就会将油膜挤出，造成金属与金属的直接接触，产生过热并使轴承快速失效。
】（（要求看一下的：（牛顿三定律）③Law 1If all the force acting on a particle are balanced, the particle will either remain at rest or will continue to move in a straight line at a uniform velocity. [如果作用在一个物体上的所有的力平衡，那么，这个物体将保持原来的静止或匀速直线运动状态不变。
]Law 2If the forces acting in a particle are not balanced, the particle will experience an acceleration proportional to the resultant force and in the direction of the resultant force.[如果作用在一个物体上的那些力不平衡，那么，这个物体将产生加速度。
机械类英语论文及翻译
机械类英语论文及翻译Mechanical design involves the n of machines。
which are composed of mechanisms and other components that can transform and transmit ___ machines include engines。
turbines。
vehicles。
hoists。
printing presses。
washing machines。
and ___ and methods of design that apply to machines also apply to ___。
the term "mechanical design" is used in a broader sense than "machine design" to include their design.When ___。
___ to take into account。
The n and structural aspects of the device。
as well as the ___。
___ apply not only to machines but also to other mechanical devices。
such as switches。
cams。
valves。
vessels。
and mixers.Mechanical design is a critical field in ___ disciplines。
It plays an essential role in the ___ the success of a mechanical design project。
it is essential to follow a set of rules for design。
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Lesson 2 Fasteners and SpringsWords and Expressonsdisassembly [,dɪsə'semblɪ] n. 拆卸；分解assembly [ə'semblɪ] n. 装配；集会，集合; 立法机构；议会component disassembly 部件拆分; 组件分解assembly drawing [机] 装配图assembly line 装配线；流水作业线general assembly 联合国大会assembly language n. 汇编语言assembly process 装配过程；汇编过程national assembly 国民大会modular ['mɔdjulə] adj. 模块化的；模数的；有标准组件的modular design 模块化设计；标准设计modular structure 模块结构modular system 模块化系统bolt [bəult] n. 螺栓，螺钉；闪电（狗），雷电；门闩；弩箭nuts and bolts 具体细节，基本要素high strength bolt 高强度螺栓；高强螺栓screw [skru:] vt. 旋，拧；压榨；强迫n. 螺旋；螺钉screw pump 螺旋泵，螺杆泵screw thread n. 螺纹ball screw 滚珠螺杆；滚珠丝杆螺钉和螺栓的区别：螺栓与螺钉的主要区别是螺钉是将螺纹直接拧入被连接件之一的螺纹孔中，不需使用螺母；而螺栓的螺纹并不往被连接件上拧，而是通过与螺母配合将被连接件夹紧rivet ['rɪvɪt] n. 铆钉vt. 铆接；固定；（把目光、注意力等）集中于rivet machine 制铆钉机；铆钉机；拉钉机rivet joint 铆钉接合nuisance ['njuːs(ə)ns] n. 讨厌的人；损害；麻烦事；讨厌的东西public nuisance n. 妨害公众安宁；妨害公众利益的人或事物noise nuisance 噪声危害spring：n. 春天；弹簧；泉水；活力；跳跃spring festival ['festɪv(ə)l] 春节（中国农历正月初一）hot spring 温泉suspension [sə'spenʃ(ə)n] n. 悬浮；暂停；停职suspension bridge 吊桥suspension system 悬架系统；悬挂装置；悬浮体系；悬置系统in suspension 悬浮中magnetic suspension 磁悬浮，悬磁性active suspension 主动制导悬架系统（一种由计算机控制的机动车悬架系统）helical ['helikəl] 螺旋的；螺旋线的；螺旋形的helical gear 斜齿轮helical spring 螺旋弹簧helical surface 螺旋面helical curve 螺旋形曲线c orrosion [kə'rəuʒən] n. 腐蚀；腐蚀产生的物质；衰败chemical corrosion [化工] [化学] 化学腐蚀corrosion resistance 耐蚀性；抗腐蚀性corrosion protection 防腐Text：Fasteners are devices which permit one part to be joined to a second part and, hence, they are involved in almost all designs. The acceptability of any product depends not only on the selected components, but also on the means by which they are fastened together. The principal purposes of fasteners are to provide the following design features:紧固件是将一个零件与另一个零件进行联接的零件。
因此，几乎在所有的设计中都要用到紧固件。
人们对于任何产品的满意程度不仅仅取决于其组成部件，而且还取决于其联接方式。
紧固件为产品设计提供了以下特性：问题：紧固件是什么？人们对紧固件的满意程度取决于什么？(1) Disassembly for inspection and repair;(2) Modular design where a product consists of a number of subassemblies. Modular design aids manufacturing as well as transportation.(1)为检查和维修提供拆卸的方便；(2)为由许多部件组成的模块化设计提供方便。
采用模块化设计有助于生产制造和运输。
问题：紧固件对于产品设计的好处是什么？There are three main classifications of fastener，which are described as follows：（1）Removable．This type permits the parts to be readily disconnected without damaging the fastener．An example is the ordinary nut－and－bolt fastener．（2）Semi－permanent．For this type，the parts can be disconnected，but some damage usually occurs to the fastener．One such example is a cotter pin．（3）Permanent．When this type of fastener is used，this intended that the parts －will never be disassembled．Examples are riveted and welded joints．紧固件可以分为以下三类：(1)可拆式。
采用这种紧固方式连接的零件很容易被拆开，而且不会对紧固件造成损伤。
例如普通的螺栓螺母连接。
(2)半永久式。
采用此类紧固件连接的零件虽然能被拆开，但通常会对所用的紧固件造成损伤，如开口销。
(3)永久式。
采用这种紧固件就表明所连接的零件不会被分开，如铆接和焊接。
问题：三种紧固件的特点是什么，每种举出一个例子The following factors should be taken into account when selecting fasteners for a given application:对于一个特定的应用，在选择紧固件时应考虑以下几个方面：(1) Primary function;(1)基本功能；(2) Appearance;(2)外观；(3) A large number of small size fasteners versus a small number of large size fasteners (an example is bolts);(3)对于采用大量的小型紧固件还是采用少量的大型紧固件的确定(螺栓可以作为一个例子)；(4) Operating conditions such as vibration, loads and temperature;(4)诸如载荷、振动和温度等工作条件；(5) Frequency of disassembly;(5)装拆频率；(6) Adjustability in the location of parts;(6)零件位置的可调性；(7) Types of materials to be joined;(7)被连接零件的材料种类；(8) Consequences of failure or loosening of the fastener.(8)紧固件失效或者松脱造成的后果。
问题：在设计中，选择紧固件应考虑哪些因素？The importance of fasteners can be realized when referring to any complex product. In the case of the automobile, there are literally thousands of parts which are fastened together to produce the total product. The failure or loosening of a single fastener could result in a simple nuisance ['nju:sns] such as a door rattle or in a serious situation such as a wheel coming off. Such possibilities must be taken into account in the selection of the type of fastener for the specific application.通过任何一个复杂的产品，都可以认识到紧固件在其中的重要性。
以汽车为例，它是由数千个零件联接在一起而成为一辆整车的。
一个紧固件的失效或松脱可能会带来像车门嘎嘎响这类小麻烦，也可能造成像车轮脱落这种严重的后果。
因此，在为一个特定的用途选择紧固件时，应该考虑到上述各种可能性。
问题：以汽车为例，说明选择紧固件时要考虑的一些可能性。
Springs are mechanical members which are designed to give a relatively large amount of elastic deflection under the action of an externally applied load. Hooke’s Law, which states that deflection is proportional to[2] load, is the basis of behavior of springs. However, some springs are designed to produce a nonlinear relationship between load and deflection.弹簧是一种能够在外载荷作用下，产生相当大的弹性变形的机械零件。