考研英语一新题型历年真题【2003-2019年】

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2003年考研英语一真题答案解析

2003年全国攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试英语第一部分英语知识运用试题解析一、文章总体分析文章主要论述了教师们应该关注青少年在成长时期所经历的情感、心智和生理上的变化，并采取方法帮助他们适应这些变化，健康成长。

第一段第一、二句是主题句，点明文章主题。

从第三句开始介绍了青少年的各种变化，如：自我意识很强，需要从成功中获得自信等。

接下来是对老师的建议：设计有更多优胜者的活动，组织各种小型俱乐部，让成年人在幕后支持。

第二段特别强调教师在设计活动时要注意保持其多样性，以适应青少年注意力持续时间短的特点。

此外，成年人要帮助学生在活动中培养责任感。

二、试题具体解析1. [A]（give）thought (to) 想过，思考[B]（give sb. an/some）idea（of）使了解……的情况[C]（have a good/bad）opinion (of) 对……印象很好[D]（give）advice（to）提建议[答案] A[解析]本题考核的知识点是：平行句子结构+ 固定搭配。

首先，从文章结构上看，第一段的第一、二句是平行的并列句：Teachers need to be aware of（教师应该注意）和And they also need to give serious 1 to（同时他们须认真……）。

注意第二句中的两个they分别指代了第一句中的teachers和young adults，第二句中的give serious 1 to与第一句中的be aware of（知道，意识到）也应在意义上相呼应。

其次，考生需要判断四个选项中哪一个能与 give...to 构成短语。

idea这个词词义很丰富，包括“想法、意思、概念、思想、意识、打算、建议”等，但通常与介词of而不是to连用；opinion意为“意见；看法”，一般不与give搭配；advice（建议）虽然可与give 及to搭配，但介词to后应接人，即建议的接受者，如果要表达“提出…方面的建议”，应该用“give advice on sth.”。

考研类历年真题答案-2019年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试(英语一)试题

2019年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试（英语一）试题答案解析Section I Use of EnglishRead the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET (10 points)Today we live in a world where GPS systems, digital maps, and other navigation apps are available on our smart phones._1_of us just walk straight into the woods without a phone. But phones _2_ on batteries, and batteries can die faster than we realize. _3_ you get lost without a phone or a compass, and you _4_ can' t find north, a few tricks to help you navigate _5_ to civilization, one of which is to follow the land.When you find yourself well _6_ a trail, but not in a completely _7_ area, you have to answer two questions: Which _8_ is downhill, in this particular area? And where is the nearest water source? Humans overwhelmingly live in valleys, and on supplies of fresh water. _9_ , if you head downhill, and follow any H2Q you find, you should _10_ see signs of people.If you’ve explored the area before, keep an eye out for familiar sights—you may be _11_ how quickly identifying a distinctive rock or tree can restore your bearings.Another _12_ : Climb high and look for signs of human habitation. _13_ , even in dense forest, you should be able to _14_ gaps in the tree line due to roads, train tracks, and other paths people carve _15_the woods. Head toward these_16_to find a way out. At night, scan the horizon for_17_ light sources, such as fires and streetlights, then walk toward the glow of light pollution._18_ assuming you’re lost in an area humans tend to frequent, look for the _19_we leave on the landscape. Trail blazes, tire tracks, and other features can_20_you to civilization.第1题1.A.SomeB.MostC.FewD.All［参考答案］C［答案解析］解析：此题词义辨析和上下文语境。

2003年考研英语—真题及答案

一段的最后一句话。在后面的几段中，作者介绍了互联网对情报工作的影响。所以答案是
理解了以上这两点就能选出正确答案 B。其实 B 选项就是原文的另一种表述方式。但是，此题只有 28.7％的
考生选出了正确案，答对率不高。更多的考生选择的是 D。选错的原因可能在于考生对“reshap与e ”“revive的”词义差别区分不清。“revive一”词
的含义是“to come or bring back into use osrtexnice（”<使>复兴，<使>复活），暗含的意思是某事物已不存在或已丧失作用。第一段并没有提到间谍行业曾经消失的信息，从第二段中我们了解到互联网推动了情报行业的发展，也没有找到任何关于情报行业曾经中断的内容，所以 D 选项的说法是不正确的。
reshaping Donovan's vocation as w.e”。ll 其中，“ Donovan's vocatio指n的就是”“ spyin，g 也”就是“ intelligence secrevsi ” （情报行业）。关键在于对 “reshape一” 词的理解，它的含义是 “改造 ” 。
A 选项也是错误的。选择 A 的考生对第一句话没有理解。第一句话用“would have love虚d 拟”语气说，若 Wild
Bill Donovan还在世的话，他会爱上互联网的。可见 Donovan在世的时候并没有互联网，从后面的几句话中我们也能证实这一点。所以 A 选项将 Donovan说成是互联网的爱好者的说法是错误的。
world. Among the firms making the biggestassphl in thsi new world is Straitford, Inc., a private intelligence-asnafilrymsi based

2019年考研英语一真题

2019年英语（一）考研真题Section Ⅰ Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Today we live in a world where GPS systems, digital maps, and other navigation apps are available on our smart phones. 1 of us just walk straight into the woods without a phone. But phones 2 on batteries, and batteries can die faster than we realize. 3 you get lost without a phone or a compass, and you 4 can’t find north, a few tr icks to help you navigate 5 to civilization, one of which is to follow the land...When you find yourself well 6 a trail, but not in a completely 7 area, you have to answer two questions: Which 8 is downhill, in this particular area? And where is the nearest water source? Humans overwhelmingly live in valleys, and on supplies of fresh water. 9 , if you head downhill, and follow any H2O you find, you should 10 see signs of people.If you’ve explored the area before, keep an eye out for familiar sights—you may be 11 how quickly identifying a distinctive rock or tree can restore your bearings.Another 12 : Climb high and look for signs of human habitation. 13 , even in dense forest, you should be able to 14 gaps in the tree line due to roads, train tracks, and other paths people carve 15 the woods. Head toward these 16 to find a way out. At night, scan the horizon for 17 light sources, such as fires and streetlights, then walk toward the glow of light pollution.18 , assuming you’re lost in an area humans tend t o frequent, look for the 19 we leave on the landscape. Trail blazes, tire tracks, and other features can 20 you to civilization.1. [A]Some [B]Most [C]Few [D]All2. [A]put[B]take[C]run [D]come3. [A]Since [B] If [C] Though [D]Until4. [A]formally [B] relatively [C] gradually [D] literally5. [A] back [B] next [C] around [D] away.6. [A]onto [B]off[C]across [D]alone7. [A]unattractive[B] uncrowded [C]unchanged [D]unfamiliar8. [A] site[B]point [C]way [D]place9. [A] So [B] Yet [C]Instead [D]Besides10. [A]immediately [B] intentionally [C]unexpectedly [D] eventually11. [A]surprised [B]annoyed [C]frightened [D]confused12. [A] problem [B]option [C]view [D]result13. [A] Above all [B]In contrast [C] On average [D] For example14. [A]bridge [B]avoid [C]spot [D]separate15. [A] from [B] through [C]beyond [D] under16. [A] posts [B]links [C]shades [D]breaks17. [A] artificial [B] mysterious [C] hidden [D] limited18. [A] Finally [B] Consequently [C] incidentally [D] Generally19. [A] memories [B] marks [C] notes [D] belongings20. [A] restrict [B] adopt [C] lead [D] exposeSection Ⅱ Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1Financial regulations in Britain have imposed a rather unusual rule on the bosses of big banks. Starting next year, any guaranteed bonus of top executives could be delayed 10 years if their banks are under investigation for wrongdoing. The main purpo se of this “clawback” rule is to hold bankers accountable for harmful risk-taking and to restore public trust in financial institution. Yet officials also hope for a much larger benefit: more long term decision-making not only by banks but also bu all corporations, to build a stronger economy for future generations..“Short-termism” or the desire for quick profits, has worsened in publicly traded companies, says the Bank of England’s top economist. Andrew Haldane. He quotes a giant of classical economies, Alfred Marshall, in describing this financial impatience as acting like “Children who pick the plums out of their pudding to eat them at once” rather than putting them aside to be eaten last.The average time for holding a stock in both the United States and Britain, he notes, has dropped from seven years to seven months in recent decades. Transient investors, who demand high quarterly profits from companies, can hinder a firm’s efforts to invest inlong-term research or to build up customer loyalty. This has been dubbed “quarterly capitalism”.In addition, new digital technologies have allowed more rapid trading of equities, quicker use of information, and thus shortens attention spans in financial markers. “There seems to be a predominance of short-term thinking at the expense of long-term investing,” said Commissioner Daniel Gallagher of the US Securities and Exchange Commission in speech this week.In the US, the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 has pushed most public companies to defer performance bonuses for senior executives by about a year, slightly helping reduce“short-termism.” In its latest survey of CEO pay, The Wall Street Journal finds that “ a substantial part” of executive pay is now tied to performance.Much more could be done to encourage “long-term ism,” such as changes in the tax code and quicker disclosure of stock acquisitions. In France, shareholders who hold onto a company investment for at least two years can sometimes earn more voting rights in a company.Within companies, the right compensation design can provide incentives for executives to think beyond their own time at the company and on behalf of all stakeholders. Britain’s new rule is a reminder to bankers that society has an interest in their performance, not just for the short term but for the long term.21. According to Paragraph 1, one motive in imposing the new rule is the_________..A. enhance banker’s sense of responsibilityB. help corporations achieve larger profitsC. build a new system of financial regulationD. guarantee the bonuses of top executives22. Alfred Marshall is quoted to indicate_________.A. the conditions for generating quick profitsB. governments’ impatience in decision-makingC. the solid structure of publicly traded companiesD. “short-termism” in economics acti vities23. It is argued that the influence of transient investment on public companies canbe__________.A. indirectB. adverseC. minimalD. temporary24. The US and France examples are used to illustrate____________.A. the obstacles to preventing “short-termism”.B. the significance of long-term thinking.C. the approaches to promoting “long-termism”.D. the prevalence of short-term thinking.25. Which of the following would be the best title for the text?A. Failure of Quarterly CapitalismB. Patience as a Corporate VirtueC. Decisiveness Required of Top ExecutivesD. Frustration of Risk-taking BankersText 2Grade inflation--the gradual increase in average GPAs(grade-point averages) over the past few decades—is often considered a product of a consumer era in higher education, in .which students are treated like customers to be pleased. But another, related force—a policy often buried deep in course catalogs called “grade forgiveness”—is helping raise GPAs.Grade forgiveness allows students to retake a course in which they received a low grade, and the most recent grade or the highest grade is the only one that counts in calculating a student’s overall GPA.The use of this little-known practice has accelerated in recent years, as colleges continue to do their utmost to keep students in school (and paying tuition) and improve their graduation rates. When this practice first started decades ago, it was usually limited to freshmen, to give them a second chance to take a class in their first year if they struggled in their transition to college-level courses. But now most colleges save for many selective campuses, allow all undergraduates, and even graduate students, to get their low grades forgiven.College officials tend to emphasize that the goal of grade forgiveness is less about the grade itself and more about encouraging students to retake courses critical to their degree program and graduation without incurring a big penalty. “Untimely,” said Jack Miner, Ohio State University’s registrar,“we see students ac hieve more success because they retake a course and do better in subsequent contents or master the content that allows them to graduate on time.”That said, there is a way in which grade forgiveness satisfies colleges’ own needs as well. For public institutions, state funds are sometimes tied partly to their success on metrics such as graduation rates and student retention—so better grades can, by boosting figures like those, mean more money. And anything that raises GPAs will likely make students—who, at the end of the day, are paying the bill—feel they’ve gotten a better value for their tuition dollars, which is another big concern for colleges.Indeed, grade forgiveness is just another way that universities are responding to consumers’ expectations for hi gher education. Since students and parents expect a college degree to lead a job, it is in the best interest of a school to turn out graduates who are as qualified as possible—or at least appear to be. On this, students’ and colleges’ incentives seem to be aligned..26. What is commonly regarded as the cause of grade inflation?A. The change of course catalogs.B. Students’ indifference to GPAS.C. Colleges’ neglect of GPAS.D. The influence of consumer culture.27. What was the original purpose of grade forgiveness?A. To help freshmen adapt to college learning.B. To maintain colleges’ graduation rates.C. To prepare graduates for a challenging future.D. To increase universities’ income from tuition.28. According to Paragraph 5,grade forgiveness enable colleges to_________.A. obtain more financial supportB. boost their student enrollmentsC. improve their teaching qualityD. meet local governments’ needs29. What does the phrase “to be aligned”(Line 5, Para.6) most probably mean?A. To counterbalance each other.B. To complement each other.C. To be identical with each other.D. To be contradictory to each other.30. The author examines the practice of grade forgiveness by________.A. assessing its feasibilityB. analyzing the causes behind itC. comparing different views on itD. listing its long-run effectsText 3This year marks exactly two countries since the publication of Frankenstein; or, The Modern Prometheus, by Mary Shelley. Even before the invention of the electric light bulb, the .author produced a remarkable work of speculative fiction that would foreshadow many ethical questions to be raised by technologies yet to come.Today the rapid growth of artificial intelligence (AI) raises fundamental questions:”What is intelligence, identify, orconsci ousness? What makes humans humans?”What is being called artificial general intelligence, machines that would imitate the way humans think, continues to evade scientists. Yet humans remain fascinated by the idea of robots that would look, move, and respond like humans, similar to those recently depicted on popular sci-fi TV series such as “Westworld” and “Humans”.Just how people think is still far too complex to be understood, let alone reproduced, says David Eagleman, a Stanford University neuroscientist. “We are just in a situation where there are no good theories explaining what consciousnesss actually is and how you could ever build a machine to get there.”But that doesn’t mean crucial ethical issues involving AI aren’t at hand. The coming use of autonomous vehicles, for example, poses thorny ethical questions. Human drivers sometimes must make split-second decisions. Their reactions may be a complex combination of instant reflexes, input from past driving experiences, and what their eyes and ears tell them in that moment. AI “vision” today is not nearly as sophisticated as that of humans. And to anticipate every imaginable driving situation is a difficult programming problem.Whenever decisions are based on masses of data, “you quickly get into a lot of ethical questions,” notes Tan Kiat How, chief executive of a Singapore-based agency that is helping the government develop a voluntary code for the ethical use of AI. Along with Singapore, other governments and mega-corporations are beginning to establish their own guidelines. Britain is setting up a data ethics center. India released its AI ethics strategy this spring.On June 7 Google pledged not to “design or deploy AI” that would cause “overall harm,” or to develop AI-directed weapons or use AI for surveillance that would violate international norms. It also pledged not to deploy AI whose use would violate international laws or human rights..While the statement is vague, it represents one starting point. So does the idea that decisions made by AI systems should be explainable, transparent, and fair.To put it another way: How can we make sure that the thinking of intelligent machines reflects humanity’s highest values? Only then will they be useful servants and not Frankenstein’s out-of-control monster.31. Mary Shelley’s novel Frankenstein is mentioned because itA. fascinates AI scientists all over the world.B. has remained popular for as long as 200 years.C. involves some concerns raised by AI today.D. has sparked serious ethical controversies.32. In David Eagleman’s opinion, our current knowledge of consciousnessA. helps explain artificial intelligence.B. can be misleading to robot making.C. inspires popular sci-fi TV series.D. is too limited for us to reproduce it.33. The solution to the ethical issues brought by autonomous vehiclesA. can hardly ever be found.B. is still beyond our capacity.C. causes little public concern.D. has aroused much curiosity.34. The author’s attitude toward Google’s pledge is one ofA. affirmation.B. skepticism.C. contempt.D. respect.35. Which of the following would be the best title for the text?A. AI’s Future: In the Hands of Tech GiantsB. Frankenstein, the Novel Predicting the Age of AI.C. The Conscience of AI: Complex But InevitableD. AI Shall Be Killers Once Out of ControlText 4States will be able to force more people to pay sales tax when they make online purchases under a Supreme Court decision Thursday that will leave shoppers with lighter wallets but is a big financial win for states.The Supreme Court’s opinion Thursday overruled a pair of decades-old decisions that states said cost them billions of dollars in lost revenue annually. The decisions made it more difficult for states to collect sales tax on certain online purchases.The cases the cou rt overturned said that if a business was shipping a customer’s purchase to a state where the business didn’t have a physical presence such as a warehouse or office, the business didn’t have to collect sales tax for the state. Customers were generallyresp onsible for paying the sales tax to the state themselves if they weren’t charged it, but most didn’t realize they owed it and few paid.Justice Anthony Kennedy wrote that the previous decisions were flawed. “Each year the physical presence rule becomes further removed from economic reality and results in significant revenue losses to the States,” he wrote in an opinion joined by four other justices. Kennedy wrote that the rule “limited states’ ability to seek long-term prosperity and has prevented market pa rticipants from competing on an even playing field.”The ruling is a victory for big chains with a presence in many states, since they usually collect sales tax on online purchases already. Now, rivals will be charging sales tax where they hadn’t before. B ig chains have been collecting sales tax nationwide because they typically have physical stores in whatever state a purchase is being shipped to. , with its network of warehouses, also collects sales tax in every state that charges it, though third-party sellers who use the site don’t have to.Until now, many sellers that have a physical presence in only a single state or a few states have been able to avoid charging sales taxes when they ship to addresses outside those states. Sellers that use eBay and Etsy, which provide platforms for smaller sellers, also.haven’t been collecting sales tax nationwide. Under the ruling Thursday, states can pass laws requiring out-of-state sellers to collect the state’s sales tax from customers and send it to the state.Retail trade groups praised the ruling, saying it levels the playing field for local and online businesses. The losers, said retail analyst Neil Saunders, are online-only retailers, especially smaller ones. Those retailers may face headaches complying with various state sales tax laws. TheSmall Business & Entrepreneurship Council advocacy group said in a a statement, “Small businesses and internet entrepreneurs are not well served at all by this decision.”36. The Supreme Court decision Thursday willA. Dette business’ relutions with statesB. put most online business in a dilemmaC. make more online shoppers pay sales taxD. forces some states to cut sales tax37. It can be learned from paragraphs 2 and 3 that the overruled decisionsA. have led to the dominance of e-commerceB. have cost consumers a lot over the yearsC. were widely criticized by online purchasesD. were considered up favorable by states38. According to Justice Anthony Kennedy, the physical presence rule hasA. hindered economic developmentB. brought prosperity to the countryC. harmed fair market competitionD. boosted growth in states revenue39. Who are most likely to welcome the Supreme Court rulingA. Internet entrepreneursB. Big-chair ownersC. Third-party sellersD. Small retailers40. In dealing with the Supreme Court decision Thursday, the author.A. gives a factual account of it and discusses its consequencesB. describes the long and complicated process of its makingC. presents its main points with conflicting views on themD. cities some saces related to it and analyzes their implicationsPart BDirections:The following paragraphs are given in a wrong order. For Questions 41-45, you are required to reorganize these paragraphs into a coherent article by choosing from the list A-G and filling them into the numbered boxes. Paragraph C and F have been correctly placed. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)A. These tools can help you win every argument-not in the unhelpful sense of beating your opponents but in the better sense of learning about the issues that divide people. Learning why they disagree with us and learning to talk and work together with them. If we readjust our view of arguments—from a verbal fight or tennis game to a reasoned exchange through which we all gain mutual respect, and understanding—then we change the very nature of what it means to “win” an argument.B. Of course, many discussions are not so successful. Still, we need to be careful not to accuse opponents of bad arguments too quickly. We need to learn how to evaluate them properly. A large part of evaluation is calling out bad arguments, but we also need to admit good arguments by opponents and to apply the same critical standards to ourselves. Humility requires you to recognize weakness in your own arguments and sometimes also to accept reasons on the opposite side.C. None of these will be easy but you can start even if others refuse to. Next time you state your position, formulate an argument for what you claim and honestly ask yourself whether your argument is any good. Next time you talk with someone who takes a stand, ask them to give you a reason for their view. Spell out their argument fully and charitably. Assess its strength impartially. Raise objections and listen carefully to their replies.D. Carnegie would be right if arguments were fights, which is how we often think of.them. Like physical fights, verbal fights can leave both sides bloodied. Even when you win, you end up no better off. Your prospects would be almost as dismal if arguments were even just competitions-like, say, tennis games. Paris of opponents hit the ball back and forth until one winner emerges from all who entered. Everybody else loses. This kind of thinking is why so many people try to avoid arguments, especially about politics and religion.E. In his 1936 work How to Win Friends and Influence People , Dale Carnegie wrote: “there is only one way…to get thebest of an argument-and that is to avoid it. “This aversion to arguments is common, but it depends on a mistaken view of arguments that causes profound problems for our personal and social lives- and in many ways misses the point of arguing in the first place.F. These views of arguments also undermine reason. If you see a conversation as a fight or competition, you can win by cheating as long as you don’t get caught. You will be happy to convince people with bad arguments. You can call their views stupid, or joke about how ignorant they are. None of these tricks will help you understand them, their positions or the issues that divide you, but they can help you win-in one way.G. There is a better way to win arguments. Imagine that you favor increasing the minimum wage in our state, and I do not. If you yell, “yes,” and I yell. “No,” neither of us learns anything. We neither understand nor respect each other, and we have no basis for compromise or cooperation. In contrast, suppose you give a reasonable argument: thatfull-time workers should not have to live in poverty. Then I counter with another reasonable argument: that a higher minimum wage will force businesses to employ fewer people for less time. Now we can understand each other’s positions and recognize our shared values, since we both care about needy workers.41→42→F→43→44→C→45Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points) .It was only after I started to write a weekly column about the medical journals, and began to read scientific papers from beginning to end, that I realised just how bad much of the medical literature frequently was. I came to recognise various signs of a bad paper: the kind of paper that purports to show that people who eat more than one kilo of broccoli a week were 1.17 times more likely than those who eat less to suffer late in life from pernicious anaemia.(46) There is a great deal of this kind of nonsense in the medical journals which, when taken up by broadcasters and the lay press, generates both health scares and short-lived dietary enthusiasms.Why is so much bad science published? A recent paper, titled “The Natural Selection of Bad Science”, published on the Royal Society’s open science website, attempts to answer this intriguing and important question. It says that the problem is not merely that people do bad science, but that our current system of career advancement positively encourages it. What is important is not truth, but publication, which has become almost an end in itself. There has been a kind of inflationary process at work: (47) nowadays anyone applying for a research post has to have published twice the number of papers that would have been required for the same post only 10 years ago. Never mind the quality, then, count the number.(48) Attempts have been made to curb this tendency, for example, by trying to incorporate some measure of quality as well as quantity into the assessment of an applicant’s papers. This is the famed citation index, that is to say the number of times a paper has been quoted elsewhere in the scientific literature, the assumption being that an important paper will be cited more often than one of small account. (49) This would be reasonable if it were not for the fact that scientists can easily arrange to cite themselves in their future publications, or get associates to do so for them in return for similar favours.Boiling down an individual’s output to simple metrics, such as number of publications or journal impacts, entails considerable savings in time, energy and ambiguity. Unfortunately, the long-term costs of using simple quantitative metrics to assess researcher merit are likely to be quite great. (50) If we are serious about ensuring that our science is both meaningful and reproducible, we must ensure that our institutions encourage that kind of science... Section Ⅲ WritingPart A51. Directions:Suppse you are working for the “Aiding rurd Primary School” project of your university.Write an email to answer the inquiry from an international student volunteer, specifying details of the project.Do not sign your own name at the end of the email. Use “Li Ming” instead.(10 points) Part B52. Directions:Write an essay of 160—200 words based on the following pictures. In your essay, you should1) describe the pictures briefly,2) interpret the meaning, and3) give your comments.You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (20 points)。

2019年全国研究生考试英语(一)真题及答案解析

2019年全国研究生考试英语（一）真题及答案解析Section ⅠUse of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Today we live in a world where GPS systems, digital maps, and other navigation apps are available on our smart phones. 1 of us just walk straight into the woods without a phone. But phones 2 on batteries, and batteries can die faster than we realize. 3 you get lost without a phone or a compass, and you 4 can’t find north, a few tricks to help you navigate 5 to civilization, one of which is to follow the land...When you find yourself well 6 a trail, but not in a completely 7 area, you have to answer two questions: Which 8 is downhill, in this particular area? And where is the nearest water source? Humans overwhelmingly live in valleys, and on supplies of fresh water. 9 , if you head downhill, and follow any H2O you find, you should 10 see signs of people.If you’ve explored the area before, keep an eye out for familiar sights—you may be 11 how quickly identifying a distinctive rock or tree can restore your bearings.Another 12 : Climb high and look for signs of human habitation. 13 , even in dense forest, you should be able to 14 gaps in the tree line due toroads, train tracks, and other paths people carve 15 the woods. Head toward these 16 to find a way out. At night, scan the horizon for 17 light sources, such as fires and streetlights, then walk toward the glow of light pollution.18 , assuming you’re lost in an area humans tend to frequent, look for the 19 we leave on the landscape. Trail blazes, tire tracks, and other features can 20 you to civilization.1. [A]Some [B]Most [C]Few [D]All2. [A]put[B]take[C]run [D]come3. [A]Since [B] If [C] Though [D]Until4. [A]formally [B] relatively [C] gradually [D] literally5. [A] back [B] next [C] around [D] away6. [A]onto [B]off[C]across [D]alone7. [A]unattractive[B] uncrowded [C]unchanged [D]unfamiliar8. [A] site[B]point [C]way [D]place9. [A] So [B] Yet [C]Instead [D]Besides10. [A]immediately [B] intentionally [C]unexpectedly [D] eventually11. [A]surprised [B]annoyed [C]frightened [D]confused12. [A] problem [B]option [C]view [D]result13. [A] Above all [B]In contrast [C] On average [D] For example14. [A]bridge [B]avoid [C]spot [D]separate15. [A] from [B] through [C]beyond [D] under16. [A] posts [B]links [C]shades [D]breaks17. [A] artificial [B] mysterious [C] hidden [D] limited18. [A] Finally [B] Consequently [C] incidentally [D] Generally19. [A] memories [B] marks [C] notes [D] belongings20. [A] restrict [B] adopt [C] lead [D] expose1-20参考答案及解析：1. 生活在一个GPS系统，数字地图和其他导航应用程序都在我们的智能手机上轻易获取”。

2000-2019年考研英语历年真题和答案(英语一)word版

2019考研英语一SectionⅠUse of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Today we live in a world where GPS systems, digital maps, and other navigation apps are available on our smart phones. 1 of us just walk straight into the woods without a phone. But phones 2 on batteries, and batteries can die faster than we realize. 3 you get lost without a phone or a compass, and you 4 can’t find north, a few tricks to help you navigate 5 to civilization, one of which is to follow the land...When you find yourself well 6 a trail, but not in a completely 7 area, you have to answer two questions: Which 8 is downhill, in this particular area? And where is the nearest water source? Humans overwhelmingly live in valleys, and on supplies of fresh water. 9 , if you head downhill, and follow any H2O you find, you should 10 see signs of people.If you’ve explored the area before, keep an eye out for familia r sights—you may be 11 how quickly identifying a distinctive rock or tree can restore your bearings.Another 12 : Climb high and look for signs of human habitation. 13 , even in dense forest, you should be ableto 14 gaps in the tree line due to roads, train tracks, and other paths people carve 15 the woods. Head toward these 16 to find a way out. At night, scan the horizon for 17 light sources, such as fires and streetlights, then walk toward the glow of light pollution.18 , assuming you’re lost in an area humans tend to frequent, look for the 19 we leave on the landscape. Trail blazes, tire tracks, and other features can 20 you to civilization.1. [A]Some [B]Most [C]Few [D]All2. [A]put[B]take[C]run [D]come3. [A]Since [B] If [C] Though [D]Until4. [A]formally [B] relatively [C] gradually [D] literally5. [A] back [B] next [C] around [D] away6. [A]onto [B]off[C]across [D]alone7. [A]unattractive[B] uncrowded [C]unchanged [D]unfamiliar8. [A] site[B]point [C]way [D]place9. [A] So [B] Yet [C]Instead [D]Besides10. [A]immediately [B] intentionally [C]unexpectedly [D] eventually11. [A]surprised [B]annoyed [C]frightened [D]confused12. [A] problem [B]option [C]view [D]result13. [A] Above all [B]In contrast [C] On average [D] For example14. [A]bridge [B]avoid [C]spot [D]separate15. [A] from [B] through [C]beyond [D] under16. [A] posts [B]links [C]shades [D]breaks17. [A] artificial [B] mysterious [C] hidden [D] limited18. [A] Finally [B] Consequently [C] incidentally [D] Generally19. [A] memories [B] marks [C] notes [D] belongings20. [A] restrict [B] adopt [C] lead [D] expose1-20参考答案及解析：1. 生活在一个GPS系统，数字地图和其他导航应用程序都在我们的智能手机上轻易获取”。

2003考研英语真题(英一二通用)答案+解析

2003年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题Section I Listening ComprehensionDirections:This section is designed to test your ability to understand spoken English.You will hear a selection of recorded materials and you must answer the questions that accompany them.There are three parts in this section,Part A,Part B,and Part C.Remember,while you should first put down your answers in your test booklet.At the end of the listening comprehension section,you will have five minutes to transfer all your answers from your test booklet to ANSWER SHEET1.Now look at Part A in your test booklet.Part ADirections:For Question1-5,you will hear a talk about Boston Museum of Fine Art.While you listen,fill out the table with the information you have heard.Some of the information has been given to you in the table.Write only1word or number in each numbered box.You will hear the recording twice.You now have25seconds to read the table below.(5points)Boston Museum of Fine ArtsFounded(year)1870Opened to the public(year)Question1Moved to the current location(year)1909The west wing completed(year)Question2Number of departments9The most remarkable department Question3Exhibition Space(m2)Question4Approximate number of visitors/year800,000Programs providedQuestion5classeslecturesPart BDirections:For Questions6-10,you will hear an interview with an expert on marriage problems.While you listen,complete the sentences or answer the e not more than3words for each answer.You will hear the recording twice.You now have25seconds to read the sentences and questions below.(5points)What should be the primary source of help for a troubled couple?________.Question6Writing down a list of problems in the marriage may help a troubled couple discuss them ________.Question7Who should a couple consider seriously turning to if they can’t talk with each other? ________.Question8Priests are usually unsuccessful in counseling troubled couples despite their________. Question9According to the old notion,what will make hearts grow fonder?________.Question10 Part CDirections:You will hear three pieces of recorded material.Before listening to each one,you will have time to read the questions related to it.While listening,answer each question by choosing[A],[B],[C] or[D].After listening,you will have time to check your answers you will hear each piece once only.(10points)Questions11-13are based on the following talk about napping,you now have15seconds to read questions11-13.11.Children under five have abundant energy partly because they________.[A]sleep in three distinct parts[B]have many five-minute naps[C]sleep in one long block[D]take one or two naps daily12.According to the speaker,the sleep pattern of a baby is determined by________.[A]its genes[B]its habit[C]its mental state[D]its physical condition13.The talk suggests that,if you feel sleepy through the day,you should________.[A]take some refreshment[B]go to bed early[C]have a long rest[D]give in to sleepQuestions14-16are based on the following interview with Sherman Alexie,an American Indian poet.You now have15seconds to read Questions14-16.14.Why did Sherman Alexie only take day jobs?[A]He could bring unfinished work home.[B]He might have time to pursue his interests.[C]He might do some evening teaching.[D]He could invest more emotion in his family.15.What was his original goal at college?[A]to teach in high school[B]to write his own books[C]to be a medical doctor[D]to be a mathematician16.Why did he take the poetry-writing class?[A]To follow his father.[B]For an easy grade.[C]To change his specialty.[D]For knowledge of poetry.Questions17-20are based on the following talk about public speaking.You now have20 seconds to read Questions17-20.17.What is the most important thing in public speaking?[A]Confidence.[B]Preparation.[C]Informativeness.[D]Organization.18.What does the speaker advise us to do to capture the audience’s attention?[A]Gather abundant data.[B]Organize the idea logically.[C]Develop a great opening.[D]Select appropriate materials.19.If you don’t start working for the presentation until the day before,you will feel________.[A]uneasy[B]uncertain[C]frustrated[D]depressed20.Who is this speech most probably meant for?[A]Those interested in the power of persuasion.[B]Those trying to improve their public images.[C]Those planning to take up some public work.[D]Those eager to become effective speakers.You now have5minutes to transfer all your answers from your test booklet to ANSWER SHEET1.Section II Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark[A],[B], [C]or[D]on ANSWER SHEET1.(10points)Teachers need to be aware of the emotional,intellectual,and physical changes that young adults experience.And they also need to give serious大21家to how they can best 大22家such changes.Growing bodies need movement and大23家,but not just in waysthat emphasize competition.大24家they are adjusting to their new bodies and a whole host of new intellectual and emotional challenges,teenagers are especially self-conscious and needthe大25家that comes from achieving success and knowing that their accomplishments are大26家by others.However,the typical teenage lifestyle is already filled with so much competition that it would be大27家to plan activities in which there are more winners thanlosers,大28家,publishing newsletters with many student-written book reviews,大29家student artwork,and sponsoring book discussion clubs.A variety of small clubs can provide 大30家opportunities for leadership,as well as for practice in successful大31家dynamics.Making friends is extremely important to teenagers,and many shy students need the 大32家of some kind of organization with a supportive adult大33家visible in the background.In these activities,it is important to remember that the young teens have大34家attention spans.A variety of activities should be organized大35家participants can remain active as long as they want and then go on to大36家else without feeling guilty and without letting the other participants大37家.This does not mean that adults must accept irresponsibility.大38家,they can help students acquire a sense of commitment by大39家for roles that are within their大40家and their attention spans and by having clearly stated rules.21.[A]thought[B]idea[C]opinion[D]advice22.[A]strengthen[B]accommodate[C]stimulate[D]enhance23.[A]care[B]nutrition[C]exercise[D]leisure24.[A]If[B]Although[C]Whereas[D]Because25.[A]assistance[B]guidance[C]confidence26.[A]claimed[B]admired[C]ignored[D]surpassed27.[A]improper[B]risky[C]fair[D]wise28.[A]in effect[B]as a result[C]for example[D]in a sense29.[A]displaying[B]describing[C]creating[D]exchanging30.[A]durable[B]excessive[C]surplus[D]multiple31.[A]group[B]individual[C]personnel[D]corporation32.[A]consent[B]insurance[C]admission[D]security33.[A]particularly[B]barely[D]rarely34.[A]similar[B]long[C]different[D]short35.[A]if only[B]now that[C]so that[D]even if36.[A]everything[B]anything[C]nothing[D]something37.[A]off[B]down[C]out[D]alone38.[A]On the contrary[B]On the average[C]On the whole[D]On the other hand39.[A]making[B]standing[C]planning[D]taking40.[A]capabilities[B]responsibilities[C]proficiency[D]efficiencySection III Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts.Answer the questions below each text by choosing[A],[B],[C]or [D].Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET1(40points)Text1Wild Bill Donovan would have loved the Internet.The American spymaster who built the Office of Strategic Services in the World War II and later laid the roots for the CIA was fascinated with information.Donovan believed in using whatever tools came to hand in the “great game”of espionage--spying as a“profession.”These days the Net,which has already re-made such everyday pastimes as buying books and sending mail,is reshaping Donovan’s vocation as well.The latest revolution isn’t simply a matter of gentlemen reading other gentlemen’s e-mail. That kind of electronic spying has been going on for decades.In the past three or four years,the World Wide Web has given birth to a whole industry of point-and-click spying.The spooks call it “open-source intelligence,”and as the Net grows,it is becoming increasingly influential.In1995 the CIA held a contest to see who could compile the most data about Burundi.The winner,by a large margin,was a tiny Virginia company called Open Source Solutions,whose clear advantage was its mastery of the electronic world.Among the firms making the biggest splash in this new world is Straitford,Inc.,a private intelligence-analysis firm based in Austin,Texas.Straitford makes money by selling the results of spying(covering nations from Chile to Russia)to corporations like energy-services firm McDermott International.Many of its predictions are available online at .Straitford president George Friedman says he sees the online world as a kind of mutually reinforcing tool for both information collection and distribution,a spymaster’s st week his firm was busy vacuuming up data bits from the far corners of the world and predicting a crisis in Ukraine.“As soon as that report runs,we’ll suddenly get500new Internet sign-ups from Ukraine,”says Friedman,a former political science professor.“And we’ll hear back from some of them.”Open-source spying does have its risks,of course,since it can be difficult to tell good information from bad.That’s where Straitford earns its keep.Friedman relies on a lean staff of20in Austin.Several of his staff members have military-intelligence backgrounds.He sees the firm’s outsider status as the key to its success. Straitford’s briefs don’t sound like the usual Washington back-and-forthing,whereby agencies avoid dramatic declarations on the chance they might be wrong.Straitford,says Friedman,takes pride in its independent voice.41.The emergence of the Net has________.[A]received support from fans like Donovan[B]remolded the intelligence services[C]restored many common pastimes[D]revived spying as a profession42.Donovan’s story is mentioned in the text to________.[A]introduce the topic of online spying[B]show how he fought for the U.S.[C]give an episode of the information war[D]honor his unique services to the CIA43.The phrase“making the biggest splash”(Line1,Paragraph3)most probably means________.[A]causing the biggest trouble[B]exerting the greatest effort[C]achieving the greatest success[D]enjoying the widest popularity44.It can be learned from Paragraph4that________.[A]Straitford’s prediction about Ukraine has proved true[B]Straitford guarantees the truthfulness of its information[C]Straitford’s business is characterized by unpredictability[D]Straitford is able to provide fairly reliable information45.Straitford is most proud of its________.[A]official status[B]nonconformist image[C]efficient staff[D]military backgroundText2To paraphrase18th-century statesman Edmund Burke,“all that is needed for the triumph of a misguided cause is that good people do nothing.”One such cause now seeks to end biomedical research because of the theory that animals have rights ruling out their use in research.Scientists need to respond forcefully to animal rights advocates,whose arguments are confusing the public and thereby threatening advances in health knowledge and care.Leaders of the animal rights movement target biomedical research because it depends on public funding,and few people understand the process of health care research.Hearing allegations of cruelty to animals in research settings,many are perplexed that anyone would deliberately harm an animal.For example,a grandmotherly woman staffing an animal rights booth at a recent street fair was distributing a brochure that encouraged readers not to use anything that comes from or is tested in animals—no meat,no fur,no medicines.Asked if she opposed immunizations,she wanted to know if vaccines come from animal research.When assured that they do,she replied,“Then I would have to say yes.”Asked what will happen when epidemics return,she said,“Don’t worry,scientists will find some way of using computers.”Such well-meaning people just don’t understand.Scientists must communicate their message to the public in a compassionate, understandable way--in human terms,not in the language of molecular biology.We need to make clear the connection between animal research and a grandmother’s hip replacement,a father’s bypass operation,a baby’s vaccinations,and even a pet’s shots.To those who are unaware that animal research was needed to produce these treatments,as well as new treatments and vaccines,animal research seems wasteful at best and cruel at worst.Much can be done.Scientists could“adopt”middle school classes and present their own research.They should be quick to respond to letters to the editor,lest animal rights misinformation go unchallenged and acquire a deceptive appearance of truth.Research institutions could be opened to tours,to show that laboratory animals receive humane care. Finally,because the ultimate stakeholders are patients,the health research community should actively recruit to its cause not only well-known personalities such as Stephen Cooper,who has made courageous statements about the value of animal research,but all who receive medical treatment.If good people do nothing,there is a real possibility that an uninformed citizenry will extinguish the precious embers of medical progress.46.The author begins his article with Edmund Burke’s words to________.[A]call on scientists to take some actions[B]criticize the misguided cause of animal rights[C]warn of the doom of biomedical research[D]show the triumph of the animal rights movement47.Misled people tend to think that using an animal in research is________.[A]cruel but natural[B]inhuman and unacceptable[C]inevitable but vicious[D]pointless and wasteful48.The example of the grandmotherly woman is used to show the public’s________.[A]discontent with animal research[B]ignorance about medical science[C]indifference to epidemics[D]anxiety about animal rights49.The author believes that,in face of the challenge from animal rights advocates,scientistsshould________.[A]communicate more with the public[B]employ hi-tech means in research[C]feel no shame for their cause[D]strive to develop new cures50.From the text we learn that Stephen Cooper is________.[A]a well-known humanist[B]a medical practitioner[C]an enthusiast in animal rights[D]a supporter of animal researchText3In recent years,railroads have been combining with each other,merging into supersystems, causing heightened concerns about monopoly.As recently as1995,the top four railroads accounted for under70percent of the total ton-miles moved by rails.Next year,after a series of mergers is completed,just four railroads will control well over90percent of all the freight moved by major rail carriers.Supporters of the new supersystems argue that these mergers will allow for substantial cost reductions and better coordinated service.Any threat of monopoly,they argue,is removed by fierce competition from trucks.But many shippers complain that for heavy bulk commodities traveling long distances,such as coal,chemicals,and grain,trucking is too costly and the railroads therefore have them by the throat.The vast consolidation within the rail industry means that most shippers are served by only one rail company.Railroads typically charge such“captive”shippers20to30percent more than they do when another railroad is competing for the business.Shippers who feel they are being overcharged have the right to appeal to the federal government’s Surface Transportation Board for rate relief,but the process is expensive,time-consuming,and will work only in truly extreme cases.Railroads justify rate discrimination against captive shippers on the grounds that in the long run it reduces everyone’s cost.If railroads charged all customers the same average rate,they argue,shippers who have the option of switching to trucks or other forms of transportation would do so,leaving remaining customers to shoulder the cost of keeping up the line.It’s a theory to which many economists subscribe,but in practice it often leaves railroads in the position of determining which companies will flourish and which will fail.“Do we really want railroads to be the arbiters of who wins and who loses in the marketplace?”asks Martin Bercovici,a Washington lawyer who frequently represents shippers.Many captive shippers also worry they will soon be hit with a round of huge rate increases. The railroad industry as a whole,despite its brightening fortunes,still does not earn enough to cover the cost of the capital it must invest to keep up with its surging traffic.Yet railroads continue to borrow billions to acquire one another,with Wall Street cheering them on.Consider the$10.2billion bid by Norfolk Southern and CSX to acquire Conrail this year.Conrail’s netrailway operating income in1996was just$427million,less than half of the carrying costs of the transaction.Who’s going to pay for the rest of the bill?Many captive shippers fear that they will,as Norfolk Southern and CSX increase their grip on the market.51.According to those who support mergers,railway monopoly is unlikely because________.[A]cost reduction is based on competition[B]services call for cross-trade coordination[C]outside competitors will continue to exist[D]shippers will have the railway by the throat52.What is many captive shippers’attitude towards the consolidation in the rail industry?[A]Indifferent.[B]Supportive.[C]Indignant.[D]Apprehensive.53.It can be inferred from Paragraph3that________.[A]shippers will be charged less without a rival railroad[B]there will soon be only one railroad company nationwide[C]overcharged shippers are unlikely to appeal for rate relief[D]a government board ensures fair play in railway business54.The word“arbiters”(Line7,Paragraph4)most probably refers to those________.[A]who work as coordinators[B]who function as judges[C]who supervise transactions[D]who determine the price55.According to the text,the cost increase in the rail industry is mainly caused by________.[A]the continuing acquisition[B]the growing traffic[C]the cheering Wall Street[D]the shrinking marketText4It is said that in England death is pressing,in Canada inevitable and in California optional. Small wonder.Americans’life expectancy has nearly doubled over the past century.Failing hips can be replaced,clinical depression controlled,cataracts removed in a30-minute surgical procedure.Such advances offer the aging population a quality of life that was unimaginablewhen I entered medicine50years ago.But not even a great health-care system can cure death--and our failure to confront that reality now threatens this greatness of ours.Death is normal;we are genetically programmed to disintegrate and perish,even under ideal conditions.We all understand that at some level,yet as medical consumers we treat death as a problem to be solved.Shielded by third-party payers from the cost of our care,we demand everything that can possibly be done for us,even if it’s useless.The most obvious example is late-stage cancer care.Physicians--frustrated by their inability to cure the disease and fearing loss of hope in the patient--too often offer aggressive treatment far beyond what is scientifically justified.In1950,the U.S.spent$12.7billion on health care.In2002,the cost will be$1,540billion. Anyone can see this trend is unsustainable.Yet few seem willing to try to reverse it.Some scholars conclude that a government with finite resources should simply stop paying for medical care that sustains life beyond a certain age--say83or so.Former Colorado governor Richard Lamm has been quoted as saying that the old and infirm“have a duty to die and get out of the way,”so that younger,healthier people can realize their potential.I would not go that far.Energetic people now routinely work through their60s and beyond, and remain dazzlingly productive.At78,Viacom chairman Sumner Redstone jokingly claims to be53.Supreme Court Justice Sandra Day O’Connor is in her70s,and former surgeon general C. Everett Koop chairs an Internet start-up in his80s.These leaders are living proof that prevention works and that we can manage the health problems that come naturally with age.As a mere 68-year-old,I wish to age as productively as they have.Yet there are limits to what a society can spend in this pursuit.As a physician,I know the most costly and dramatic measures may be ineffective and painful.I also know that people in Japan and Sweden,countries that spend far less on medical care,have achieved longer,healthier lives than we have.As a nation,we may be overfunding the quest for unlikely cures while underfunding research on humbler therapies that could improve people’s lives.56.What is implied in the first sentence?[A]Americans are better prepared for death than other people.[B]Americans enjoy a higher life quality than ever before.[C]Americans are over-confident of their medical technology.[D]Americans take a vain pride in their long life expectancy.57.The author uses the example of cancer patients to show that________.[A]medical resources are often wasted[B]doctors are helpless against fatal diseases[C]some treatments are too aggressive[D]medical costs are becoming unaffordable58.The author’s attitude toward Richard Lamm’s remark is one of________.[A]strong disapproval[B]reserved consent[C]slight contempt[D]enthusiastic support59.In contrast to the U.S.,Japan and Sweden are funding their medical care________.[A]more flexibly[B]more extravagantly[C]more cautiously[D]more reasonably60.The text intends to express the idea that________.[A]medicine will further prolong people’s lives[B]life beyond a certain limit is not worth living[C]death should be accepted as a fact of life[D]excessive demands increase the cost of health carePart BDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese.Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET2.(10points)Human beings in all times and places think about their world and wonder at their place in it. Humans are thoughtful and creative,possessed of insatiable curiosity.61)Furthermore,humans have the ability to modify the environment in which they live,thus subjecting all other life forms to their own peculiar ideas and fancies.Therefore,it is important to study humans in all their richness and diversity in a calm and systematic manner,with the hope that the knowledge resulting from such studies can lead humans to a more harmonious way of living with themselves and with all other life forms on this planet Earth.“Anthropology”derives from the Greek words anthropos:“human”and logos“the study of.”By its very name,anthropology encompasses the study of all humankind.Anthropology is one of the social sciences.62)Social science is that branch of intellectual enquiry which seeks to study humans and their endeavors in the same reasoned,orderly, systematic,and dispassioned manner that natural scientists use for the study of natural phenomena.Social science disciplines include geography,economics,political science,psychology,and sociology.Each of these social sciences has a subfield or specialization which lies particularly close to anthropology.All the social sciences focus upon the study of humanity.Anthropology is a field-study oriented discipline which makes extensive use of the comparative method in analysis.63)The emphasis on data gathered first-hand,combined with a cross-cultural perspective brought to theanalysis of cultures past and present,makes this study a unique and distinctly important social science.Anthropological analyses rest heavily upon the concept of culture.Sir Edward Tylor’s formulation of the concept of culture was one of the great intellectual achievements of19th century science.64)Tylor defined culture as“…that complex whole which includes belief,art, morals,law,custom,and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society.”This insight,so profound in its simplicity,opened up an entirely new way of perceiving and understanding human life.Implicit within Tylor’s definition is the concept that culture is learned,shared,and patterned behavior.65)Thus,the anthropological concept of“culture,”like the concept of“set”in mathematics, is an abstract concept which makes possible immense amounts of concrete research and understanding.Section IV Writing66.Directions:Study the following set of drawings carefully and write an essay in which you should1)describe the set of drawings,interpret its meaning,and2)point out its implications in our life.You should write about200words neatly on ANSWER SHEET2.(20points)2003年考研英语真题答案解析Section I:Listening Comprehension(20points)Part A(5points)1.18762.19813.textiles4.19,1375.concerts Part B(5points)6.(the couple)themselves7.constructively8.a qualified psychologist9.good intentions10.absencePart C(10points)11.[D]12.[A]13.[D]14.[B]15.[C]16.[B]17.[B]18.[C]19.[A]20.[D]Section II:Use of English(10points)一、文章总体分析文章主要论述了教师们应该关注青少年在成长时期所经历的情感、心智和生理上的变化，并采取方法帮助他们适应这些变化，健康成长。

历年考研英语真题完型新题型

目录1986年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题 (2)1987年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题 (3)1988年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题 (4)1989年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题 (5)1990年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题 (6)1991年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题 (7)1992年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题 (8)1993年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题 (9)1994年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题 (10)1995年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题 (11)1996年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题 (12)1997年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题 (13)1998年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题 (14)1999年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题 (15)2000年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题 (16)2001年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题 (17)2002年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题 (18)2003年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题 (19)2004年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题 (20)2005年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题 (21)2006年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题 (22)2007年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题 (23)2008年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题 (23)2009年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题 (25)2010年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题 (26)2011年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题 (27)答案 (28)1986年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题On Wednesday afternoons Annie took the bus into town to shop in the market. For an hour or __16__ she would walk up and down between the stalls looking at everything, buying here and there, and __17__ a sharp lookout for the bargains that were sometimes to be had. And then, with all the things she needed __18__ she would leave the market for the streets of the town to spend another hour __19__ she liked best: looking in furniture shop windows.One Wednesday she found a new shop full of the most delightful things, with a notice inviting anyone to walk in and look __20__ without feeling they had to buy something. Annie hesitated for a moment before stepping through the doorway where, almost at once, she stopped __21__ before a green armchair. There was a card on the chair which said: “This fine chair is yours __22__ less than a pound a week,” and very small at the bottom, “Cash price eighty-nine pounds fifty.” A p ound a week... __23__, she could almost pay that out of her housekeeping money and never miss it! A voice at her shoulder made her __24__. “Can I help you, Madam?” She looked round at the assistant who had come softly to her __25__.“Oh, well, no,” she said. “I was just looking.” “We’ve chairs of all kinds in the showroom. If you’ll just come up, you will find something to suit you.”Annie, worried at the thought of being persuaded to buy something she didn’t need, left the shop hurriedly.16. [A] so[B] more[C] else[D] another17. [A] taking[B] making[C] fixing[D] keeping18. [A] buy[B] bought [C] buying[D] to have bought19. [A] in a way[B] by the way[C] in the way[D] on the way20. [A] behind[B] round[C] back[D] on21. [A] doubted[B] wondered[C] puzzled[D] delighted22. [A] at[B] for[C] with[D] in23. [A] Why[B] When[C] How[D] What24. [A] jump[B] leap[C] laugh[D] wonder25. [A] place[B] back[C] side[D] front1987年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题Cheques have __36__ replaced money as a means of exchange for they are widely accepted everywhere. Though this is very convenient for both buyer and seller, it should not be forgotten that cheques are not real money: they are quite valueless in themselves. A shop-keeper always runs a certain __37__ when he accepts a cheques and he is quite __38__ his rights if on occasion, he refuses to do so.People do not always know this and are shocked if their good faith is called __39__. An old and very wealthy friend of mine told me he had an extremely unpleasant experience. He went to a famous jewelry shop which keeps a large __40__ of precious stones and asked to be shown some pearl necklaces. After examining several trays, he decided to buy a particularly fine string of pearls and asked if he could pay by Cheques. The assistant said that this was quite __41__ but the moment my friend signed his name, he was invited into the manager’s office.The manager was very polite, but he explained that someone with exactly the same name had presented them with a worthless Cheque not long ago. My friend got very angry when he heard this and said he would buy a necklace somewhere else. When he got up to go, the manager told him that the police would arrive at any moment and he had better stay __42__ the wanted to get into serious trouble. __43__, the police arrived soon afterwards. They apologized to my friend for the __44__, but explained that a person who had used the same name as his was responsible for a number of recent robberies. Then the police asked my friend to copy out a note which had been used by the thief in a number of shops. The note __45__: “I have a gun in my pocket. Ask no questions and give me all the money in the safe.” Fortunately, my friend’s handwriting was quite unlike the thief’s. He was not only allowed to go without further delay, but to take the string of pearls with him.36. [A] exactly[B] really[C] largely[D] thoroughly37. [A] danger[B] chance[C] risk[D] opportunity38. [A] within[B] beyond [C] without[D] out of39. [A] in difficulty[B] in doubt[C] in earnest[D] in question40. [A] amount[B] stock[C] number[D] store41. [A] in order[B] in need[C] in use[D] in common42. [A] whether[B] if[C] otherwise[D] unless43. [A] Really[B] Sure enough[C] Certainly[D] However44. [A] treatment[B] manner[C] inconvenience[D] behaviour45. [A] read[B] told[C] wrote[D] informed1988年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题In 1620, a small sailboat named the Mayflower left England for the New World. The Mayflower headed for the Jamestown colony on the warm shore of Virginia. Its one hundred passengers were the Pilgrims. They were looking for a place where they could worship God __26__. Because of strong winds and severe storms, the Mayflower lost its __27__. The brave group of colonists finally had to land at Plymouth on the rocky coast of Massachusetts in December 1620. It was the middle of the stern northern winter. __28__ months of starvation, disease, and death were ahead of them. Only the strongest of the pilgrims __29__ that winter. Many women gave their own pitiful rations to their children and died for lack of food for themselves. Living __30__ began to improve in the spring of 1621. There were wild vegetables. There were berries and fruit. Fish and game were plentiful. Therefore, they were able to get enough fresh meat despite their lack of skill or experience in hunting and fishing. The colonists’ health __31__ with the warm weather and their better diet.In the fall, they look back __32__ the past year. They were both regretful and thankful. Only fifty of the original one hundred passengers remained. The price in human life and tragedy had been great. On the other hand, they saw new hope for the future. A splendid harvest was __33__ them. They were ready for the second winter with confidence. They had eleven crude houses for protection against the severe winter. Seven were for families, and four were for communal use. __34__, they had established a treaty of friendship with their Indian neighbors under Chief Massasoit in the summer.The woods and forests became safe. When the Mayflower returned to England that summer, there were no colonists __35__. At the end of their first year in their new home, the Pilgrims wanted to celebrate with a real holiday. It was their first Thanks giving Day.26. [A] in their own style[B] in their own way[C] on their own[D] of their own27. [A] course[B] route[C] passage[D] channel28. [A] Uncomfortable[B] Bad [C] Unfavourable[D] Terrible29. [A] passed[B] sustained[C] survived[D] spent30. [A] situations[B] environments[C] conditions[D] circumstances31. [A] strengthened[B] regained[C] recovered[D] improved32. [A] in[B] of[C] over[D] at33. [A] on[B] behind[C] for[D] beyond34. [A] Best of all[B] For the best[C] To their best[D] All in all35. [A] ashore[B] around[C] about[D] aboard1989年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题One day drought may be a thing of the past at least in coastal cities. Vast areas of desert throughout the world may for the first time __26__ and provide millions of hectares of land where now nothing grows.By the end of this century this may not be mere __27__. Scientists are already looking into the possibility of using some of the available ice in the Arctic and Antarctic. In these regions there are vast ice-caps formed by snow that has fallen over the past 50,000 years. Layer __28__ layer of deep snow means that, when melted, the snow water would be pure, not salty as sea-ice would be. There is so much __29__ pure water here that it would need only a fraction of it to turn much of the desert or poorly irrigated parts of the world into rich farmland. And what useful packages it would come in! It should be possible to cut off a bit of ice and transport it! Alternatively perhaps a passing iceberg could be __30__. They are always breaking away from the main caps and floating around, pushed by currents, until they eventually melt and are wasted.Many icebergs are, of course, far too small to be towed __31__ distance, and would melt before they reached a country that needed them anywhere. It would be necessary to locate one that was __32__ and that was big enough to provide a good supply of ice when it reached us. Engineers think that an iceberg up to seven miles long and one and a half miles wide could be transported if the tug pulling it was as big as a supertanker! Even then they would cover only twenty miles every day. However, __33__ the iceberg was at its destination, more that 7,000 million cubic metres of water could be taken from it! That would probably be more than enough for any medium-sized city even in the hottest summer! But no doubt a use could be found for it. __34__, scientist say, there would not be too much wastage in such a journey. The larger the iceberg, the slower it melts, even if it is towed through the tropics. This is because when the sun has a bigger area to warm __35__, less heat actually gets into the iceberg. The vast frozen centre would be unaffected.26. [A] come to life[B] come into existence[C] come into activity[D] come round27. [A] speculation[B] imagination[C] computation[D] expectation28. [A] above[B] of [C] upon[D] over29. [A] essential[B] potential[C] claimable[D] obtainable30. [A] seized[B] snatched[C] grabbed[D] captured31. [A] much[B] any[C] some[D] certain32. [A] manageable[B] manipulative[C] operable[D] controllable33. [A] after[B] while[C] since[D] once34. [A] Apparently[B] Noticeably[C] Distinctly[D] Notably35. [A] round[B] over[C] up[D] through1990年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题No one knows for sure what the world would be like in the year 2001. Many books have been written __26__ the future. But the 19th-century French novelist Jules Verne may be called a futurologist in the fullest __27__ of the word. In his fantastic novels “A Trip to the Moon” and “80 Days Around the World,” he described with detail the aeroplane and even the helicopter. These novels still have a great attraction __28__ young readers of today because of their bold imagination and scientific accuracy.Below is a description of what our life will be in the year 2001 as predicted by a __29__ writer.In 2001, in the home, cookers will be set so that you can cook a complete meal at the touch of a switch.Television will provide information on prices at the __30__ shops as well as news and entertainment. Videophones will bring pictures as well as __31__ to telephone conversations.Machines will control temperature, lighting, entertainment, security alarms, laundry and gardening.Lighting will provide decoration as well as wallpaper.At work, robots will take __32__ most jobs in the manufacturing industries. Working hours will fall to under 30 hours a week. Holidays will get longer; six weeks will be the normal annual holiday. Men and women will retire at the same age.Our leisure will be different too. The home will become the center of entertainment through television and electronic games. More people will eat out in restaurants __33__ they do today; also they will have a much wider variety of food available. There will be a change of taste towards a more savoury-flavored menu. New synthetic foods will form a __34__ part of people’s diets.Foreign travel will __35__; winter holidays will become more popular than summer ones.Also non-stop flights from Britain to Australia and New Zealand will be easily available and much cheaper. Education will become increasingly more important than ever before.26. [A] in[B] of[C] about[D] for27. [A] sense[B] meaning[C] detail[D] implication28. [A] for[B] of [C] on[D] towards29. [A] today[B] nowadays[C] present-day[D] present30. [A] near[B] nearby[C] nearly[D] nearer31. [A] noise[B] sound[C] tone[D] tune32. [A] to[B] away[C] off[D] over33. [A] than[B] as[C] when[D] while34. [A] usual[B] popular[C] daily[D] regular35. [A] add[B] increase[C] raise[D] arise1991年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题When television first began to expand, very few of the people who had become famous as radio commentators were able to be equally effective on television. Some of the difficulties they experienced when they were trying to __46__ themselves to the new medium were technical. When working __47__ radio, for example, they had become __48__ to seeing on behalf of the listener.This __49__ of seeing for others means that the commentator has to be very good at talking. __50__ all, he has to be able to __51__ a continuous sequence of visual images which __52__ meaning to the sounds which the listener hears. In the __53__ of television, however, the commentator sees everything with the viewer. His role, therefore, is __54__ different. He is there to make __55__ that the viewer does not miss some point of interest, to help him __56__ on particular things, and to __57__ the images on the television screen. __58__ his radio colleague, he must know the __59__ of silence and how to use it at those moments __60__ the pictures speak for themselves.46. [A] turn[B] adapt[C] alter[D] modify47. [A] on[B] at[C] with[D] behind48. [A] experienced[B] determined[C] established[D] accustomed49. [A] efficiency[B] technology[C] art [D] performance50. [A] Of[B] For[C] Above[D] In51. [A] inspire[B] create[C] cause[D] perceive52. [A] add[B] apply[C] affect[D] reflect53. [A] occasion[B] event[C] fact[D] case54. [A] equally[B] completely[C] initially[D] hardly55. [A] definite[B] possible[C] sure[D] clear56. [A] focus[B] attend[C] follow[D] insist57. [A] exhibit[B] demonstrate[C] expose[D] interpret58. [A] Like[B] Unlike[C] As[D] For59. [A] purpose[B] goal[C] value[D] intention60. [A] if[B] when[C] which[D] as1992年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题The key to the industrialization of space is the U.S. space shuttle. __46__ it, astronauts will acquire a workhouse vehicle __47__ of flying into space and returning many times. __48__ by reusable rockets that can lift a load of 65, 000 pounds, the shuttle will carry devices for scientific inquiry, as __49__ as a variety of military hardware. __50__ more significantly, it will __51__ materials and machines into space for industrial purposes __52__ two decades ago when “sputnik” (artificial satellite) was __53__ to vocabulary. In short, the __54__ importance of the shuttle lies in its __55__ as an economic tool.What makes the space shuttle __56__ is that it takes off like a rocket but lands like an airplane. __57__, when it has accomplished its __58__, it can be ready for __59__ trip in about two weeks.The space shuttle, the world’s first true spaceship, is a magnificent step __60__ making the impossible possible for the benefit and survival of man.46. [A] In[B] On[C] By[D] With47. [A] capable[B] suitable[C] efficient[D] fit48. [A] Served[B] Powered[C] Forced[D] Reinforced49. [A] far[B] well[C] much [D] long.50. [A] Then[B] Or[C] But[D] So51. [A] supply[B] introduce[C] deliver[D] transfer52. [A] unimagined[B] unsettled[C] uncovered[D] unsolved53. [A] attributed[B] contributed[C] applied[D] added54. [A] general[B] essential[C] prevailing[D] ultimate55. [A] promise[B] prosperity[C] popularity[D] priority56. [A] exceptional[B] strange[C] unique[D] rare57. [A] Thus[B] Whereas[C] Nevertheless[D] Yet58. [A] venture[B] mission[C] commission[D] responsibility59. [A] new[B] another[C] certain[D] subsequent60. [A] for[B] by[C] in[D] through1993年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题Although interior design has existed since the beginning of architecture, its development into a specialized field is really quite recent. Interior designers have become important partly because of the many functions that might be __46__ in a single large building.The importance of interior design becomes __47__ when we realize how much time we __48__ surrounded by four walls. Whenever we need to be indoors, we want our surroundings to be __49__ attractive and comfortable as possible. We also expect __50__ place to be appropriate to its use. You would be __51__ if the inside of your bedroom were suddenly changed to look __52__ the inside of a restaurant. And you wouldn’t feel __53__ in a business office that has the appearance of a school.It soon becomes clear that the interior designer’s most important basic __54__ is the function of the particular __55__. For example, a theater with poor sight lines, poor sound-shaping qualities, and __56__ few entries and exits will not work for __57__ purpose, no matter how beautifully it might be __58__. Nevertheless, for any kind of space, the designer has to make many of the same kind of __59__. He or she must coordinate the shapes, lighting and decoration of everything from ceiling to floor. __60__ addition, the designer must usually select furniture or design built-in furniture, according to the functions that need to be served.46. [A] consisted[B] contained[C] composed[D] comprised47. [A] obscure[B] attractive[C] appropriate[D] evident48. [A] spend[B] require[C] settle[D] retain49. [A] so[B] as[C] thus [D] such50. [A] some[B] any[C] this[D] each51. [A] amused[B] interested[C] shocked[D] frightened52. [A] like[B] for[C] at[D] into53. [A] correct[B] proper[C] right[D] suitable54. [A] care[B] concern[C] attention[D] intention55. [A] circumstance[B] environment[C] surroundings[D] space56. [A] too[B] quite[C] a[D] far57. [A] their[B] its[C] those[D] that58. [A] painted[B] covered[C] ornamented[D] decorated59. [A] solutions[B] conclusions[C] decisions[D] determinations60. [A] For[B] In[C] As[D] With1994年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题The first and smallest unit that can be discussed in relation to language is the word. In speaking, the choice of words is __41__ the utmost importance. Proper selection will eliminate one source of __42__ breakdown in the communication cycle. Too often, careless use of words __43__ a meeting of the minds of the speaker and listener. The words used by the speaker may __44__ unfavorable reactions in the listener __45__ interfere with his comprehension; hence, the transmission-reception system breaks down.__46__, inaccurate or indefinite words may make __47__ difficult for the listener to understand the __48__ which is being transmitted to him. The speaker who does not have specific words in his working vocabulary may be __49__ to explain or describe in a __50__ that can be understood by his listeners.41. [A] of[B] at[C] for[D] on42. [A] inaccessible[B] timely[C] likely[D] invalid43. [A] encourages[B] prevents [C] destroys[D] offers44. [A] pass out[B] take away[C] back up[D] stir up45. [A] who[B] as[C] which[D] what46. [A] Moreover[B] However[C] Preliminarily[D] Unexpectedly47. [A] that[B] It[C] so[D] this48. [A] speech[B] sense[C] message[D] meaning49. [A] obscure[B] difficult[C] impossible[D] unable50. [A] case[B] means[C] method[D] way1995年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题Sleep is divided into periods of so-called REM sleep, characterized by rapid eye movements and dreaming, and longer periods of non-REM sleep. __41__ kind of sleep is at all well understood, but REM sleep is __42__ to serve some restorative function of the brain. The purpose of non-REM sleep is even more __43__. The new experiments, such as these __44__ for the first time at a recent meeting of the Society for Sleep Research in Minneapolis, suggest fascinating explanations __45__ of non-REM sleep.For example, it has long been known that total sleep __46__ is 100 percent fatal to rats, yet, __47__ examination of the dead bodies, the animals look completely normal. A researcher has now __48__ the mystery of why the animals die. The rats __49__ bacterial infections of the blood, __50__ their immune systems -- the self-protecting mechanism against disease -- had crashed.41. [A] Either[B] Neither[C] Each[D] Any42. [A] intended[B] required[C] assumed[D] inferred43. [A] subtle[B] obvious [C] mysterious[D] doubtful44. [A] maintained[B] described[C] settled[D] afforded45. [A] in the light[B] by virtue[C] with the exception[D] for the purpose46. [A] reduction[B] destruction[C] deprivation[D] restriction47. [A] upon[B] by[C] through[D] with48. [A] paid attention to[B] caught sight of[C] laid emphasis on[D] cast light on49. [A] develop[B] produce[C] stimulate[D] induce50. [A] if[B] as if[C] only if[D] if only1996年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题Vitamins are organic compounds necessary in small amounts in the diet for the normal growth and maintenance of life of animals, including man.They do not provide energy, __41__ do they construct or build any part of the body. They are needed for __42__ foods into energy and body maintenance. There are thirteen or more of them, and if __43__ is missing a deficiency disease becomes __44__.Vitamins are similar because they are made of the same elements -- usually carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and __45__ nitrogen. They are different __46__ their elements are arranged differently, and each vitamin __47__ one or more specific functions in the body.__48__ enough vitamins is essential to life, although the body has no nutritional use for __49__ vitamins. Many people, __50__, believe in being on the “safe side” and thus take extra vitamins. However, a well-balanced diet will usually meet all the body’s vitamin needs.41. [A] either[B] so[C] nor[D] never42. [A] shifting[B] transferring[C] altering[D] transforming43. [A] any[B] some [C] anything[D] something44. [A] serious[B] apparent[C] severe[D] fatal45. [A] mostly[B] partially[C] sometimes[D] rarely46. [A] in that[B] so that[C] such that[D] except that47. [A] undertakes[B] holds[C] plays[D] performs48. [A] Supplying[B] Getting[C] Providing[D] Furnishing49. [A] exceptional[B] exceeding[C] excess[D] external50. [A] nevertheless[B] therefore[C] moreover[D] meanwhile1997年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题Manpower Inc., with 560,000 workers, is the world’s largest temporary employment agency. Every morning, its people __41__ into the offices and factories of America, s eeking a day’s work for a day’s pay. One day at a time. __42__ industrial giants like General Motors and IBM struggle to survive __43__ reducing the number of employees, Manpower, based in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, is booming.__44__ its economy continues to recover, the US is increasingly becoming a nation of part timers and temporary workers. This __45__ work force is the most important __46__ in American business today, and it is __47__ changing the relationship between people and their jobs. The phenomenon provides a way for companies to remain globally competitive __48__ avoiding market cycles and the growing burdens __49__ by employment rules, healthcare costs and pension plans. For workers it can mean an end to the security, benefits and sense of __50__ that came from being a loyal employee.41. [A] swarm[B] stride[C] separate[D] slip42. [A] For[B] Because[C] As[D] Since43. [A] from[B] in [C] on[D] by44. [A] Even though[B] Now that[C] If only[D] Provided that45. [A] durable[B] disposable[C] available[D] transferable46. [A] approach[B] flow[C] fashion[D] trend47. [A] instantly[B] reversely[C] fundamentally[D] sufficiently48. [A] but[B] while[C] and[D] whereas49. [A] imposed[B] restricted[C] illustrated[D] confined50. [A] excitement[B] conviction[C] enthusiasm[D] importance1998年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题Until recently most historians spoke very critically of the Industrial Revolution. They __41__ that in the long run industrialization greatly raised the standard of living for the __42__ man. But they insisted that its __43__ results during the period from 1750 to 1850 were widespread poverty and misery for the __44__ of the English population. __45__ contrast, they saw in the preceding hundred years from 1650 to 1750, when England was still a __46__ agricultural country, a period of great abundance and prosperity.This view, __47__, is generally thought to be wrong. Specialists __48__ history and economics, have __49__ two things: that the period from 1650 to 1750 was __50__ by great poverty, and that industrialization certainly did not worsen and may have actually improved the conditions for the majority of the populace.41. [A] admitted[B] believed[C] claimed[D] predicted42. [A] plain[B] average[C] mean[D] normal43. [A] momentary[B] prompt [C] instant[D] immediate44. [A] bulk[B] host[C] gross[D] magnitude45. [A] On[B] With[C] For[D] By46. [A] broadly[B] thoroughly[C] generally[D] completely47. [A] however[B] meanwhile[C] therefore[D] moreover48. [A] at[B] in[C] about[D] for49. [A] manifested[B] approved[C] shown[D] speculated50. [A] noted[B] impressed[C] labeled[D] marked1999年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题Industrial safety does not just happen. Companies __41__ low accident rates plan their safety programs, work hard to organize them, and continue working to keep them __42__ and active. When the work is well done, a __43__ of accident-free operations is established __44__ time lost due to injuries is kept at a minimum.Successful safety programs may __45__ greatly in the emphasis placed on certain aspects of the program.Some place great emphasis on mechanical guarding. Others stress safe work practices by __46__ rules or regulations. __47__ others depend on an emotional appeal to the worker. But, there are certain basic ideas that must be used in every program if maximum results are to be obtained.There can be no question about the value of a safety program. From a financial stand-point alone, safety __48__. The fewer the injury __49__, the better the workman’s insurance rate. This may mean the difference between operating at __50__ or at a loss.41. [A] at[B] in[C] on[D] with42. [A] alive[B] vivid[C] mobile[D] diverse43. [A] regulation[B] climate [C] circumstance[D] requirement44. [A] where[B] how[C] what[D] unless45. [A] alter[B] differ[C] shift[D] distinguish46. [A] constituting[B] aggravating[C] observing[D] justifying47. [A] Some[B] Many[C] Even[D] Still48. [A] comes off[B] turns up[C] pays off[D] holds up49. [A] claims[B] reports[C] declarations[D] proclamations50. [A] an advantage[B] a benefit[C] an interest[D] a profit。

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