Part3 model
战鹰三包部品中英文版3资料
JINHUA MAITEER VEHICLE PART LISTMODEL NO: EB-023NO:CODE NAME NAMEPRICE1 50212001 车架 Froame2 50212004 前叉 Front fork3 50212005 平叉 Flat fork4 50212006 双撑 Double support5 50212007 单撑 Side support6 50213033 双撑弹簧 Double support spring7 50213034 单撑弹簧 Side support spring8 50212009 护板支架 Shield bracket 9 50213031 单撑断电开关 Side support switch of cut off 10 50212002 方向把Handlebar11 50212011 方向把上固定片 Handlebar up holder 12 50212012 方向把下固定片 Handlebar down holder 13 50212010 方向把座 Direction holder 14 50212015 脚踏板支架 Feet pedal bracket 1550212016 电池压条1 Slotted battery layering 16 50212023 电池压条2 T-battery layering 17 50213023 座锁 Seat lock 1850213022座锁拉线Seat lock line1 5 7 9 4 6 3 81013121114151617182JINHUA MAITEER VEHICLE PART LISTMODEL NO: EB-023NO: CODENAMENAMEPRICE1 50213047 前铝轮 Front aluminum rim2 50213044 碟刹盘 Disc3 57005005 前减震器 Front shock absorber4 50213012 三大摇臂 Three swing arm assy5 50213048 速度传感器 Speed sensor6 50213053 钢碗组合 Steel ball bushing assy7 57011004 闪光器 Flash organ8 57011003 喇叭 horn9 50212008 电门锁支架 Fixing base of power lock10 50213024 电门锁 Power lock 11 57006010 外胎 Outside tire 12 57006011 内胎 Inside tire 13 50213018 前轮轴 Front axel14 50213019 前轮轴衬套 Front axel bushing assy 15 50213045内六角螺钉 Disc nut 16 17 18514136789101 2 3 4 11 1215JINHUA MAITEER VEHICLE PART LISTMODEL NO: EB-023NO: CODENAMENAMEPRICE1 57004004 电池Battery2 57011007 报警器（选配） Annunciator （choice ）3 57011001 转换器 Voltage changer4 57002013 控制器 Controller5 57007020 瓷接线板 Base board of all cable6 50213021 平叉轴 Flat fork axel7 57005021 后减震器 Rear shock absorption8 50213033 中撑缓冲块 Buffer kick9 50212021 左脚蹬 Left pedal 10 50212022 右脚蹬 Right pedal 11 57022005铭牌 Nameplate 12 13 14 15 16 17 181 2345678 10911JINHUA MAITEER VEHICLE PART LISTMODEL NO: EB-023NO:CODENAMENAMEPRICE1 57001009 电机 Motor2 57006010 外胎 Outside tire3 57006011 内胎 Inside tire4 50212019 电机拉杆 Motor pole5 57001009-1 制动毂盖 Motor protect cover6 57001009-2 保险片 Safety clip7 57001009-3自锁螺母 Locknut 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 1812 347 65JINHUA MAITEER VEHICLE PART LISTMODEL NO: EB-023NO:CODENAMENAMEPRICE1 50211026 后内泥板 Right wheel fender2 50211014 后泥板 Rear fender of board3 50211017 左平叉护板 Left cover of flat fork4 50211018 右平叉护板 Right cover of flat fork5 50211019 平叉装饰条 Decorate strip6 50211020 平叉装饰条 Decorate strip7 50211019 平叉环型装饰板 Decorate ring8 50211020平叉环型装饰板 Decorate ring 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 186 4 8 21735JINHUA MAITEER VEHICLE PART LISTMODEL NO: EB-023NO:CODENAMENAMEPRICE1 50211027 大灯 Headlight2 50213032 仪表Meter3 50211028 前左转向灯 Left turning lights4 50211029 前右转向灯 Right turning lights5 50213025 左开关把座 Left switch holder6 50213026 右开关把座 Right switch holder7 50213027 左刹把 Left brake8 50213043 碟刹泵 Disc pump9 50213028 左副把 Left handlebar 10 50213029 转把 Throttle grip 11 50712010 左后视镜 Left mirror 12 50712011 右后视镜 Right mirror 13 50213046碟刹管固定卡 Brake cable holder 14 15 16 17 18412102681 11 3 9 5 713JINHUA MAITEER VEHICLE PART LISTMODEL NO: EB-023NO:CODENAMENAMEPRICE1 5XY23002 主线束 Main cable 2 50213016 后刹车线 Left brake cable3 50213061 里程线 Distance cable4 57003009充电器 Charger 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 183 12 4JINHUA MAITEER VEHICLE PART LISTMODEL NO: EB-023NO :CODE NAME NAME PRICE150211009 面板Faceplate2 50213002 面板前压板 Faceplate press board3 50213001 面板装饰条 Faceplate decorate slat4 50213049 保险杠（选配） Bumper （choice ）5 50213049保险杠衬套（选配） Bumper bushing assy （choice ）6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 1516 17514323JINHUA MAITEER VEHICLE PART LISTMODEL NO: EB-023NO: CODENAMENAMEPRICE150211015 前档泥板1 Front fender of wheel,part-1 2 50211016 前档泥板2Front fender of wheel,part-23 50213006 左摇臂装饰板 Left decorate board of swing arm4 50213007 右摇臂装饰板 Right decorate board of swing arm5 50213004 左前叉装饰板 Left decorate board of front fork6 50213005右前叉装饰板 Right decorate board of front fork 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 1617 185 6 4 321JINHUA MAITEER VEHICLE PART LISTMODEL NO: EB-023NO: CODENAMENAMEPRICE1 50211001 档风板上板 Up-wind board2 20211002 档风板下板 Down-wind board3 50213003 面板后压板 Press board of wind board4 50211022号码盖 Number cover 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 1617 18123 4JINHUA MAITEER VEHICLE PART LISTMODEL NO: EB-023NO: CODE NAME NAME PRICE1 50211012 左护板 Left fense board 250211013 右护板 Right fense board 350211037 脚踏板左连接板 Left min. board connected pedal 450311038 脚踏板右连接板 Right min. board connected pedal 550211006 左护板小板 Cover of left fense board 650211025 后风阁 Rear wind cabinet 750213008 后上装饰板 Up-rear decorate strip 850213009 后下装饰板 Down-rear decorate strip 950211010 左边条 R. fense strip 1050211011 右边条 L. fense strip1150212013 左把手 Left gripe 1250212014 右把手 Right gripe 1350213024 行李箱锁 Baggage trunk lock 1415 1617187 6 8 5 3 1 2 4 9 10 11 12 13JINHUA MAITEER VEHICLE PART LISTMODEL NO: EB-023 NO: CODE NAME NAME PRICE1 50211003 脚踏板 Pedal board 250211008 车架档泥板 Frame fender 350211004 充电板盖 Charge cover 450211007 充电板 Charge board 550211004 充电板合页 Folder 650213024 充电板锁 Lock of charge cover 750213010 脚踏板左铝板 Left footrest board 850213011 脚踏板右铝板 Right footrest board 95XY00003 充电器座 Charger holder 10111213141516172 53 64 1 7 8 9JINHUA MAITEER VEHICLE PART LISTMODEL NO: EB-023NO: CODE NAME NAME PRICE1 50211021 行李箱 Travel luggage2 57020003 空气开关 Air switch 350211024 行李箱内盖1 Travel Luggage cover-1 450211024 行李箱内盖2 Travel Luggage cover-2 550211023 行李箱内盖3 Travel Luggage cover-3 650213039 座垫 Seat 750213041 座垫合页 folder 891011121314151617184 2 3 156 7JINHUA MAITEER VEHICLE PART LISTMODEL NO: EB-023 NO: CODE NAME NAME PRICE1 50211030 后尾灯 Taillight assy 250213038 后衣架 Rear cargo holder 350213040 靠背 Lazyback 450212018 牌照支架 License tag holder 550213059 侧反射器 Side reflecting glass 650213059 侧反射器 Side reflecting glass 750213058 后反射器 Rear reflecting glass 850212017 后尾灯三角支架 Triangle support of taillight 910111213141516171 2 5 4 6 7 3 8。
ModelTest1-6参考答案
ModelTest 1参考答案Part ⅡReadin g Compre hensi on (Skimmi ng and Scanni ng)1. D2. A3. C4. D5. D6. C7. C8. Richar d I, HenryVIII and QueenVictor ia9. thereare few renown ed Britis h compos ers10. from a weeken d to threeor four weeksPart Ⅲ Listen ing Compre hensi on11.C12. A13.B 14.A15.D16.D17.C 18.B 19. A20. C21. B 22. D23. B24. A25. A26. C27. A28. A29. B30. B31. C32. D 33. C34. B35. B36. situat ion37. opinio ns38. trial39. method s 40. stages41. recogn ize42. broken43. define44. he must determ ine if the proble m is with the gears, the brakes, or the frame45. Now the person must look for inform ation that will make the proble m cleare r and lead to possib le soluti ons46. Afterstudyi ng the proble m, he should have severa l sugges tions for a possib le soluti onPart IV Readin g Compre hensi on47. C 48. D 49. B 50. C 51. A52. B 53. D 54. B 55. B 56. D57. A 58. D 59. C 60. B 61. APart V Cloze62. 答案D 解析：上文提及上流社会，分为“上流中的上层，上流中的下层”，接着讲到上流中的上层包括哪些人。
结构方程模型-PART III_Measurement Equivalence(041022)
——LISREL操作 操作
白新文 2004.10
Part III 测量等价性 Nhomakorabea证性因素分析
CFA的几个矩阵 的几个矩阵
LAMBDA-X（LX, ΛX) （ PHI(PH, Φ) THETA-DELTA(TD, θδ)
全模型： 全模型：矩阵
全模型增加的几个矩阵
LAMBDA-Y( LX, ΛY) BETA(BE, β) GAMMA(GA, γ ) PSI(PS, ψ) THETA-EPSLON(TE, θε)
结果
表2 观测变量的相关矩阵a
V1 V1 V2 V3 V4 V5 V6 V7 V8 V9 V10 — 0.16 0.20 0.25 0.20 0.28 0.13 0.32 0.28 0.26 V2 0.20 — 0.23 0.10 0.14 0.27 0.18 0.24 0.10 0.22 V3 0.27 0.35 — 0.25 0.34 0.44 0.31 0.39 0.31 0.12 V4 0.17 0.07 0.37 — 0.24 0.12 0.07 0.12 0.25 0.11 V5 0.27 0.06 0.29 0.29 — 0.18 0.18 0.28 0.19 0.21 V6 0.12 0.09 0.21 0.17 0.15 — 0.25 0.36 0.28 0.24 V7 0.06 0.14 0.13 0.06 0.12 0.14 — 0.32 0.26 0.12 V8 0.18 0.29 0.41 0.27 0.22 0.23 0.30 — 0.38 0.21 V9 0.13 0.17 0.27 0.12 0.30 0.17 0.24 0.35 — 0.17 V10 0.10 0.19 0.12 0.18 0.10 0.12 0.11 0.25 0.26 —
deformable part-based model
deformable part-based model
“可变形部分模型”（DeformablePart-BasedModel）是一种用于目标检测和识别的计算机视觉模型。
它的基本思想是将目标看作由多个部分组成，每个部分可以在一定程度上变形，而这些可变形的部分又可以被组合成不同的姿态和形状。
通过训练一个基于这种模型的分类器，可以在图像中检测和定位目标。
可变形部分模型的主要优势在于它可以处理姿态和形状变化，因为它可以学习目标的多个不同部分之间的关系。
此外，该模型还可以通过多个尺度来处理不同大小的目标。
在实际应用中，可变形部分模型已经被广泛应用于人脸检测、物体检测、行人检测等领域。
- 1 -。
回归分析步骤
回归分析步骤The 13 Steps for Statistical Modeling in any Regression or ANOVANo matter what statistical model you’re running, you need to go through the same 13 steps. The order and the specifics of how you do each step will differ depending on the data and the type of model you use.These 13 steps are in 3 major parts. Most people think of only Part 3 as modeling. However, if you do all 3 parts, and think of them all as part of the analysis, the modeling process will be faster, easier, and make more sense.Part 1: Define and DesignIn the first 4 steps, the object is clarity. You want to make everything as clear as possible to yourself. The more clear things are at this point, the smoother everything will be.1. Write out research questions in theoretical and operational termsA lot of times, when researchers are confused about the right statistical method to use, the real problem is they haven’t defined their research questions. They have a general idea of the relationship they want to test, but it’s a bit vague. You need to be very specific.For each research question, write it down in both theoretical and operational terms.2. Design the study or define the designDepending on whether you are collecting your own data or doing secondary data analysis, you need a clear idea of the design. Design issues are about randomization and sampling:• Nested and Crossed Factors• Potential confounders and control variables• Longitudinal or repeated measurements on a study unit• Sampling: simple random sample or stratification or clustering3. Choose the variables for answering research questions and determine their level of measurementEvery model has to take into account both the design and the level of measurement of the variables.Level of measurement, remember, is whether a variable is nominal, ordinal, or interval. Within interval, you also need to know if variables are discrete counts or continuous.It’s absolutely vital that you know the level of measurement of each response and predictor variable, because they determine both the type of information you can get from your model and the family of models that is appropriate.4. Write an analysis planWrite your best guess for the statistical method that will answer the research question, taking into account the design and the type of data. It does not have to be final at this point—it just needs to be a reasonable approximation.5. Calculate sample size estimationsThis is the point at which you should calculate your sample sizes–before you collect data and after you have an analysis plan. You need to know which statistical tests you will use as a basis for the estimates.And there really is no point in running post-hoc power analyses–it doesn’t tell you anything.Part 2: Prepare and explore6. Collect, code, enter, and clean dataThe parts that are most directly applicable to modeling are entering data and creating new variables.For data entry, the analysis plan you wrote will determine how to enter variables. For example, if you will be doing a linear mixed model, you will want the data in long format.7. Create new variablesThis step may take longer than you think–it can be quite time consuming. It’s pretty rare for every variable you’ll need for analysis to be collected in exactly the right form. Create indices, categorize, reverse code, whatever you need to do to get variables in their final form, including running principal components or factor analysis.8. Run Univariate and Bivariate StatisticsYou need to know what you’re working with. Check the distributions of the variables you intend to use, as well as bivariate relationships among all variables that might go into the model.You may find something here that leads you back to step 7 or even step 4. You might have to do some data manipulation or deal with missing data.More commonly, it will alert you to issues that will become clear in later steps. The earlier you are aware of issues, the better you can deal with them. But even if you don’t discover the issue until later, it won’t throw you for a loop if you have a good understanding of your variables.9. Run an initial modelOnce you know what you’re working with, run the model listed in your analysis plan. In all likelihood, this will not be the final model.But it should be in the right family of models for the types of variables, the design, and to answer the research questions. You need to have this model to have something to explore and refine.Part 3: Refine the model10. Refine predictors and check model fitIf you are doing a truly exploratory analysis, or if the point of the model is pure prediction, you can use some sort of stepwise approach to determine the best predictors.If the analysis is to test hypotheses or answer theoretical research questions, this part will be more about refinement. You can• Test, and possibly drop, interactions and quadratic or explore other types of non-linearity• Drop nonsignificant control variables• Do hierarchical modeling to see the effects of predictors added alone or in blocks.• Check for overdispersion• Test the best specification of random effects11. Test assumptionsBecause you already investigated the right family of models in Part 1, thoroughly investigated your variables in Step 8, and correctly specified your model in Step 10, you should not have big surprises here. Rather, this step will be about confirming, checking, and refining. But what you learn here can send you back to any of those steps for further refinement.12. Check for and resolve data issuesSteps 11 and 12 are often done together, or perhaps back and forth. This is where you check for data issues that can affect the model, but are not exactly assumptions. These include:Data issues are about the data, not the model, but occur within the context of the model• Multicollinearity• Outliers and influential points• Missing data• Truncation and censoringOnce again, data issues don’t appear until you have chosen variables and put them in the model.13. Interpret ResultsNow, finally, interpret the results.You may not notice data issues or misspecified predictors until you interpret the coefficients. Then you find something like a super high standard error or a coefficient with a sign opposite what you expected, sending you back to previous steps.转⾃：/13-steps-regression-anova/回归分析的⼀般步骤1、确定回归⽅程中的解释变量和被解释变量。
三自由度车辆动力学模型英文
三自由度车辆动力学模型英文Three-Degree-of-Freedom Vehicle Dynamics Model.Vehicle dynamics is a crucial aspect of automotive engineering, dealing with the motion of vehicles under the influence of various forces and moments. Among various dynamic models, the three-degree-of-freedom (3DOF) vehicle dynamics model stands out as a simplified yet effective representation for analyzing vehicle handling characteristics. This model captures the essential dynamics of a vehicle by considering the motion in the lateral, longitudinal, and yaw directions.Lateral Motion:The lateral motion of a vehicle refers to its movement perpendicular to the direction of travel. This motion is primarily influenced by factors such as tire-road interaction forces, steering inputs, and vehicle sidewinds. In the 3DOF model, the lateral motion is described by alateral displacement variable, which represents the deviation of the vehicle from its straight-ahead path.Longitudinal Motion:The longitudinal motion of a vehicle corresponds to its movement along the direction of travel. This motion is primarily influenced by factors such as engine torque, braking forces, and rolling resistance. In the 3DOF model, the longitudinal motion is described by a longitudinal velocity variable, which represents the speed of the vehicle along its path.Yaw Motion:Yaw motion refers to the rotation of a vehicle around its vertical axis, which passes through the vehicle's center of gravity. This motion is influenced by moments generated by tire forces and steering inputs. In the 3DOF model, yaw motion is described by a yaw rate variable, which represents the rate of rotation of the vehicle around its vertical axis.Model Equations:The 3DOF vehicle dynamics model is described by a set of ordinary differential equations. These equations represent the laws of motion in the lateral, longitudinal, and yaw directions. The equations are typically derived using Newton's laws of motion and principles of moment balance.The lateral motion equation takes into account tire forces, steering inputs, and sidewinds. The longitudinal motion equation considers factors like engine torque, braking forces, and rolling resistance. The yaw motion equation incorporates tire forces and steering moments to describe the vehicle's rotational dynamics.Applications:The 3DOF vehicle dynamics model finds applications in various areas of automotive engineering, including vehicle handling analysis, suspension design, and control systemdevelopment. It can be used to simulate vehicle responses to different driving scenarios, such as cornering, braking, and acceleration.By analyzing the model's responses, engineers can assess vehicle handling characteristics, identify potential issues, and optimize vehicle design. Additionally, the model can be extended to include more complex dynamic effects, such as tire roll dynamics and vehicle rollover stability, to further enhance its predictive capabilities.Conclusion:The three-degree-of-freedom vehicle dynamics model is a valuable tool for analyzing vehicle handlingcharacteristics and understanding the dynamics of a vehicle under various driving conditions. Its simplicity and effectiveness make it a popular choice for automotive engineering applications, ranging from vehicle design and optimization to control system development. By leveraging this model, engineers can gain insights into vehicledynamics, improve vehicle performance, and enhance overall safety.。
CET4 模拟测试题3 Model Test Three
Model Test ThreePart I Writing (30minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay. You should start your essay with a brief description of the picture and then express your views on the huge difficulty of teenagers’ homework. You should write at least120 words but no more than 180 words.Part II Listening Comprehension (25 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the news report and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard.1.A)The law of weapon purchasing in Illinois State.B)The relationship between crime and mental illness.C)The graduate student of Northern Illinois University.D)The shooting happened in Northern Illinois University.2.A) The gunman has mental disease.B)The gunman is dissatisfied with the university.C)The gunman is dissatisfied with the lecture.D)It is not clear.Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard.3.A)It has been influenced by war.B)It is devalued by its government.C)It is more competitive than before.D)It has turned into a global currency.4.A) Most experts support the four countries’ currency change.B)The meeting on Friday is useless for global recovery.C)Currency wars threaten global economic recovery.D)Policymakers should cooperate with central bankers.Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just h eard.5.A)The preservation of coastal resorts. C) The gap between the rich and the poor.B)The closure of political disputes. D) The commitments to reduce carbon emissions.6.A)Promising.B)Hopeful.C)Disappointing.D)Satisfying.7. A)18. C) 94.B)80. D) 194.Section BDirections：In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C), and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.8.A) He eats a lot after marriage.B)He sleeps a lot after marriage.C)He exercises less after marriage.D)He drinks a lot after marriage.9.A)Its membership is expensive.B)Its membership is inexpensive.C)M ost of its members work out two times a week.D)M ost of its members are white-collar workers.10.A)She is under 20 years old.B)She is in her 20s.C)She is under 30years old.D)She is in her 30s.11.A)Buy a ticket for the health club.B)Bring a guest pass.C)Make a membership card.D)Borrow the woman’s card.Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.12.A)Ask her assistant to wet the man’s hair.B)Talk with the man about his hair.C)Communicate with her assistant about the haircut.D)Show the man the latest style.13.A) It is dry and thick.B)It is very curly.C)It is dry and has split ends.D)It is quite oily.14.A)His diet.B)His habit.C)His living environment.D)His inheritance.15.A)Use air blower to make the hair dry.B)Use shampoo of high quality.C)L et the hair dry naturally.D)Cut hair once a week.Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear three passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C)and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.16.A)People can buy sliced bread at stores.B)There was no sliced bread at stores.C)There was no delicious bread at stores.D)People made bread at home and never bought it.17.A) From the customer.B)From the ingredient.C)From the balloon.D)From the tradition.18.A)It is full of delicious bread. C) It is full of colorful balloons.B)It looks very serious. D) It is covered with oaintings.Questions 20 to 22 are based on the passage you have just heard.19.A) A skin care brand.B)A leather brand.C)A watch brand.D)A daily use brand.20.A)Most of it comes from skin care line. C) 50% of it is derived from foundation.B) More than half of it is from makeup. D) 25% of it is from makeup brushes.21.A)It was invented in 1968. C) It cannot deal with skin problems such as burning.B) It is available in every store. D) It is designed for pre-and post-operation skin care. Questions 23 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.22.A) They get more freedom. C) They shoulder more social responsibilities.B) They encounter more pressure. D) They are required to do better at researching.23.A) They teach students how to research and write.B)They ask students to study independently.C)They help students to learn about society.D)They communicate with students frequently.24.A) They prevent students from thinking.B)They don’t provide enough explanations for facts.C)They don’t offer informative researches.D)They don’t have basic facts.I) obstacle J) powerful K) surrounding L) track M) travel N) unsteadiness O) worksA) absolutelyB) channelC) dangerousD) extremelyE) imbalanceF) increaseG) lastingH) object 25. A)Take encyclopedias as their mere information resource.B)Focus on more information of specific topics.C) Be independent from their professors.D) Accumulate their own evidence from broader sources.Part Ⅲ Reading Comprehension ( 40 minutes )Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Questions 26 to 35 are based on the following passage.Cloud-to –ground lightning bolts are a common phenomenon, yet their power is extraordinary. Each bolt can contain up to one billion volts of electricity. This enormous electrical discharge is caused by an 26 between positive and negative charges .During a storm, colliding particles (对撞粒子) of rain, ice , or snow 27 this imbalance and often negatively charge the lower reaches of storm clouds . Objects on the ground , become positively charged-creating an imbalance that nature seeks to remedy by passing current between the two charges . A step-like series of negative charges, called a stepped leader , 28 its way increasingly downward from the bottom of a storm cloud toward the Earth . Each of these segments is about 46 meters long . When the lowermost step comes within 46 meters of a positively charged 29 it is met by a climbing surge of positive electricity , which can rise up through a building , or even a person . The process forms a 30 through which electricity is transferred as lightning .Some types of lightning never leave the clouds but 31 between differently charged areas within or between clouds . Other rare forms can be sparked by extreme forest fires and snowstorms .Lightning is 32 hot-a flash can heat the air around it to temperatures five times hotter than the sun’s surface . This heat causes 33 air to rapidly expand and shake , which creates the pealing thunder .Lightning is 34 .About 2,000 people are killed worldwide by lightning each year . Hundreds more survive strikes but suffer from a variety of 35 aymptoms , including memory loss, dizziness, weakness, and other life-altering sicknesses .Section BDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.Testing Baby’s Brain[A]As far as her friends and teachers are concerned , Ashdod is an ordinary , bright, playful 5-ywar-old girl . They might be surprised to learn that not long ago therapists (治疗专家) were fighting to keep her from suffering from autism ( 孤独症) –a brain disorder that afflicts one in 100 children , typically leaving them with lifelong difficulties in communicating, socializing and carrying out many basic tasks . Ashdod was lucky; when she was 10 months old , her parents became alarmed that she had little interest in looking them in the wyes , wating and moving from her back , and took her to the Mifne Center in Rosh Pinna , Israel , a clinic that focuses on children 5 months and older who show early warning signs of autism . The results of the Mifne treatment were shocking , recalls the girl’s mother , Tikva. “Now she goes to a regular school where she is the same sort of active ,funny , normal child as anyone wlse, ” she says.[B]Despite a big jump in autism awareness in the past decade, parents , schools and schools and doctors still frequently ignore warning signs in very young children , These can be difficult to detect : a child never points at things , shows more interest in objects than people, has delayed speech and develops a fascination with toys turning around . Many experts regard these symptoms as harmless habits that kids will outgrow . New research and experience in some autism clinics , however , suggests that staring treatment by age 2 is critical to mitigating and in some cases entirely avoiding the disorder .[C]T hat’s because unlike the brain of an adult or even an older child, a 12-or 18-month-oid’s brain is, in a sense, highly reprogrammable—that is, it responds well to treatments designed to permanently change basic patterns of thought and behavior. “All the e vidence we have suggests that outcomes tor these children will be better with an earlier diagnosis( 诊断)，before they reach 18 months, if possible,” says Christopher Gillberg, a professor at Gothenburg University in Sweden.[D]A lthough there are currently no effective treatments for autism symptoms in older children or adults, the prospects are turning out to be entirely different for very young children who get prompt treatment. Psychologists have had remarkable success with behavioral therapy, which involves therapists working intensively with children to get them to do tasks they’re having difficulty with. The Mifne Center in Israel applies its own form of intensive therapy, typically lasting about two weeks and focusing on getting the child to make contact with parents and to eat and move normally. Some 200 children have been through the program; about three quarters have remained free of any signs of autism or any other significant developmental disorder, according to Mifne founder and director Hanna Alonim. “If we can get them here as babies, close to 100 percent won’t develop autism,” she says. “If we don’t see them until they’re 2, it’s a different story.” To support Mifne’s findings with more-formal research, doctors at the Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center have begun screening and videotaping infants thought to be at risk of pre-autism before the Mifne treatment.[E]Having a treatment choice for infants raises the hard issue of diagnosis . Autism can be tricky to recognize—it encompasses any or all of a broad range of symptoms, including difficulty with social interactions, language, motor skills and taking in sensory information, as well as repetitive behaviors, eating problems and in some cases unusually high or low levels of activity. A study of nearly 10,000 children in Bergen, Norway, indicated that the number of children who showed “pronounced autistic features” was about five times higher than the number who qualified for a formal diagnosis of autism.[F]Even children who exhibit only partial or mild versions of autism symptoms are at risk of ending up with lifelong challenges, say researchers, and would benefit from autism therapies. But tagging more very young children as candidates for autism therapy creates another problem. The cost of behavioral therapy is eye-opening--applied behavior analysis, an intensive treatment that requires 15-to-25 hours of sessions a week, costs about $30,000 a year, and even a modest program typically runs about $10,000a year. That’s o ne reason studies estimate that less than one in 10 very young children with a diagnosis of autism get 25 hours a week of therapy.[G]Health-care systems are not up to this task. In the United States, where health insurance rarely covers such treatments, the chances of having the government pay for therapy varies wildly from state to state. Children don’t necessarily fare much better under national health care. The United Kingdom pays for treatment—but often only after the parents hire a lawye r and win their case at a regional “tribunal”, where more often than not communities will fight to force the parents to settle for the few hours a week of therapy offered in a local special-education program. In Italy, toddlers with disorders who love near large cities in the north-central part of the country can get the attention of a team of therapists, but those in the southern, rural areas tend to get few services. Laurence Robel, a child psychiatrist and autism researcher at the Necker Children’s Hospi tal in Paris, notes that France keep a bias against behavioral therapy, which critics compare to training a dog or programming a robot. “Away from Paris,” she says, “children are lucky to receive much treatment at all.”[H]Experts insist that governments are being penny-wise and pound-foolish in refusing to pony(付清)up for intensive therapy to infants and toddlers who show early signs of a developmental disorder. Simple, brief screening tests are now designed to flag children at risk as early as 18 months. Earlier diagnosis might be possible by measuring brain activity and recognizing patterns that are unique to autism. Researchers at the Baby Lab in Uppsala University in Sweden are looking for these patterns by placing dozens of soft-foam sensors on infant’s heads.[I] The benefits of early treatment are likely to grow in coming years as new research into developmental disorders continues to pay off.36.In Italy, the chances for young children to receive services of a team of autism therapists vary between thenorth-central part of the country and the southern, rural areas.37.I n detecting the warning signs of autism in young children, parents, schools and doctors now haven’t donesufficiently on it.38.A utism is not easy to recognize because it covers a wide range of symptoms.39.I t is very important to treat a child with autism by age of two, because children at that age respond well tothe related treatment.40.According to the text, children who get autism may suffer from troubles in communicating.41.I t is an effective treatment for older children with signs of autism to ask them to do tasks which are difficultfor them.42.A ccording to experts, those governments are extremely foolish if they refuse to support the intensive therapyto young children showing early signs of a developmental disorder.43.M ost very young children with a diagnosis of autism do not have an intensive treatment, because it’s tooexpensive to receive the intensive treatment.44.A bout 150 children have recovered from signs of autism in the Mifne Center.45.I n the United States, different state governments pay differently for autism therapy because health insurancerarely covers such treatments.Section CDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.Students in Washington will return to classrooms this month to begin a new school year. But at least 50% of their teachers will not return with them. Last month, the District of Columbia public schools told 206 teachers that they are not good enough to stay.The school system dismissed 75 teachers last year. It was the first year of a new teacher rating system.Experts say such large numbers of dismissals are rare in American schools. But in Washington the rating system is not governed by the labor contract with the teachers union. So school officials have more freedom.The system is called IMPACT. Teachers are observed in the classroom five times a year for at least thirty minutes each time. They are also judged by student test scores.Administrators rated 65 of the 206 teachers as “ineffective”. The others lost their jobs because they were rated “minimally effective”for a second year.The National Council on Teacher Quality is a research group that works to increase the number of effective teachers. Emily Cohen, a policy director there, says the council supports the IMPACT system. “This is an evaluation instrument that is finally able to capture who is highly effective and who is ineffective and who could be doing better and could use some assistance. Most evaluation instruments in the country do not capture teacher performance—all teachers are rated satisfactory.”Teachers with the highest rating can receive a performance bonus of up to twenty-five thousand dollars. In addition, they can receive a pay increase.Some Washington teachers say their ratings depend too heavily on test scores. For some teachers, half of their rating is based on how well their students do. But Emily Cohen says test scores are important. “Testing is the most objective data that we have on teacher performance. The District also is looking at other things, using master educators to evaluate teachers. So it’s not just looking at student test performance, it is using other sources of data.”Michelle Rhee created the IMPACT system. She gained national attention for her aggressive reform efforts when she led the troubled school system in the nation’s capital. She left l ast year and her deputy took her place.The Washington Teachers Union says IMPACT unfairly hurts teachers who work in schools with high rates of poverty. Most of the teachers with the highest rating work in schools with lower poverty rates.46.Why can schools in Washington dismiss so many teachers?A)Because those teachers did not perform well in the classroom.B)Because they must be strict in the first year of the new rating system.C)Because those teachers were rated “minimally effective” for a second year.D)Because they are not restricted by the teachers union’s labor contract.47.Why dies the National Council support the IMPACT system?A. Because the system can provide teachers a large amount of bonus.B)Because the system can distinguish good teachers from bad ones.C)Because the system has successfully dismissed ineffective t eachers.D)Because the system has increased the number of effective teachers.48.Some Washington teachers have different opinions with Emily Cohen on whether .A)test scores should play such an important role in their ratingsB)teachers with the lowest rating should stay at schoolC)the students should perform well in the rating systemD)the District should use master educators to evaluate teachers49.What can we learn about Michelle Rhee?A)She led the school system falling into the biggest trouble it ever met.B)She left her work because she had a better offer in the nation’s capital.C)She did not perform as well as her deputy in the working ability.D)She was noted for her efforts in changing the chaotic school system.50.The Washington Teachers Union’s attitude towards the IMPACT system is .A) supportive B) unclearC) optimistic D) criticalPassage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.More than 40 years ago, U.S. Supreme Court Justice Potter Stewart said that while it was difficult to define pornography(色情文学)，“I know it when I see it.”The etiquette(礼仪)police who are trying to keep up with the rapidly evolving world of mobile devices and their effect on the workplace probably would say the same. They may not be able to define what is considered bad manners, but they know the terrible behavior when they see an employee’s email, text, blog entry, or Facebook posting.It appears others do, too. A recent Intel survey found that 9 of 10 Americans report they’ve seen others misuse technology; 75% agree that mobile etiquette is worse than it was a year ago. The results don’t surprise Lisa Grotts, a reputed etiquette consultant.“Welcome to the new world,” she says. “Someday a sociologist is going to have a study on how our rules have changed because of technology and online communication.”Because technological changes are so constant, she thinks it’s inevitable that some social and professional misbehaviors will be made.The Intel study found that we’re often aware of our own poor behavior. Almost 1 in 5 respondents report they know they’re being rude but do it because everyone else does.So it’s a little difficult to complain about a cubicle(小隔间)mate for talking too loudly on a cellphone when you’ve been guilty of doing the same thing—or something equally annoying.Adding to the problem: What may be OK in your social circles could be considered annoying in professional ones.Still, the Intel study found that it’s worth making an effort to adjust your behavior when using your iPhone, BlackBerry or other mobile device if you want to keep the peace in your office and not bother the boss. Of those participating in the survey, 65% say they get angry at those who are disrespectful toward others with tech use.So, even though your cubicle mate talks loudly on her cellphone o r texts her boyfriend constantly, it doesn’t mean you should do the same thing Instead, taking the time to find a private place to have a private conversation may impress colleagues and your manager with your professionalism.51.We can learn from the passage that the etiquette police .A)can not find proper words to describe bad mannersB)want to know more about mobile devicesC)have known about Justice Potter Stewart for many yearsD)agree with the definition of bad manners by Potter Stewart52.According to a recent Intel survey, we can learn that t echnology misuse .A)is totally ignored by the majority of peopleB)becomes a common phenomenon in AmericaC)has greatly influenced people’s way of lifeD)is accepted by more people than before53.What can we learn about Lisa Grotts?A)She becomes famous for her unique views about bad manners.B)She is not satisfied with the present situation of mobile etiquette.C)She is going to study what have caused our rules to change.D)She believes some bad social manners are inevitable to occur.54.Why do people still behave badly although they know it is rude?A)Because they don’t realize that their manners are bad.B)Because they don’t care about others’ opinion about them.C)Because they want to attract other people’s attention.D)Because they see others do the same thing as they do.55.What the author may suggest us do about tech use?A)Get angry at those who bother others with their tech use.B)Refuse to post any personal information on your Facebook.C)Impress your manager with your professional tech skills.D)Talk privately when you have a mobile phone call.Part ⅣTranslation (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese intoEnglish. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.中国受欢迎的体育运动在过去的50 年间得到了迅速的发展。
past_part3教程
Reference Davis, J.C. 1986. Statistics and Data Analysis in Geology. John Wiley & Sons.
139
Cross-correlation
Cross-correlation (Davis 1986)is carried out on two column(s) of evenly sampled temporal/stratigraphic data. The x axis shows the displacement of the second column with respect to the first, the y axis the correlation between the two time series for a given displacement. The "p values" option will draw the significance of the correlation, after Davis (1986).
The frequency oversampling value controls the number of points along the frequency axis (but having many points does not increase frequency resolution!). Increasing the number of segments will reduce noise, but also decrease the resolution. The window function influences the trade-off between spectral resolution and attenuation of side lobes. The (average) tau value is the characteristic time scale (the parameter of the AR model). The bandwidth is the spectral resolution given as the width between the -6dB points. The fit to an AR(1) model can be assessed using the runs value and its 5% acceptance interval. This test is only available when selecting oversampling=1, segments=1 and window=rectangular.
英语单词model
英语单词model
'model'这个英语单词可以有多种意思，主要分为以下几种：
1. 模型，模范，典范
例如：The new car model is expected to be released next year. (新款汽车模型预计明年发布。
)
2. 时尚模特，模特儿，模特
例如：She started her career as a model at the age of 18. (她18岁开始了自己的时尚模特生涯。
)
3. 示范，展示，示例
例如：The teacher used a model to demonstrate how the experiment works. (老师使用模型来演示实验的工作原理。
)
4. 规范，标准，范式
例如：This company has a strict model for quality control. (这家公司有一个严格的质量控制规范。
)
5. 制作模型，做模型
例如：He spends hours building model airplanes. (他花了好几个小时来制作模型飞机。
)
总之，“model”这个单词可以有很多含义，具体意义要根据上下文来理解。
- 1 -。
实用英语词汇系列：电子翻译词汇_Part3
dynamic range,动态范围dynamix range of microphone,传声器动态范围dynamic resolution,动态分辨力dynamic response,动态响应dynamic SIMS,动态二次离子质谱法dynamic standard strain device,动态标准应变装置dynamic stiffness,动刚度dynamic stiffnesss of the moving element suspension,运动部件悬挂动刚度dynamic stiffenss ratio,动刚度比dynamic storage allocation,动态存储分配dynamic strain,动应变dynamic strain indicator,动态应变仪dynamic thermomechanical analysis,动态热机械分析dynamic thermomechanical analysis apparatus,动态热机械分析仪dynamic thermomechanometry,动态热机械法dynamic(two-plane)balancing,动（双面）平衡dynamic(two-plane)balancing machine,动（双面）平衡机 dynamic unbalance,动态不平衡dynamic vane bias,风向标的动力偏幅dynamic viscosity,动力粘度dynamic water tank,动水槽dynamic wieghing method,动态称重法dynamometric system,测力系统电子类词汇E－JEearly failue,早期失效earth leakage detector,接地漏电检示器earth resistance meter,接地电阻表earth resource technology satellite(ERTS),地球资源技术卫星earthed input,接地输出earthed voltage transformer,接地型电压互感器ease of ignition,易起燃性eccentric load,偏心载荷eccentric orifice plate,偏心孔板eccentricity of rotor,转子偏心距echelon grating,阶梯光栅echo,反射波；回波echo height,反射波高度echo sounder,回声测深仪ecobuoy,生态浮标economic analysis,经济分析economic control,经济控制economic control theory,经济控制理论economic cybernetics,经济控制论economic data,经济数据economic decision,经济决策economic effectiveness,经济效益economic environment,经济环境economic evaluation,经济评价economic forecast,经济预测economic index,经济指数economic indicator,经济指标economic model,经济模型economic system model.经济系统模型eddy-current,涡流eddy-current displacement vibration amplitude measuring instrument, 电涡流式位移振幅测量仪eddy-current displacement vilbration amplitude transducer,电涡注式位移振幅传感器 eddy curent inspection instrument,涡流探伤仪eddy current testing method,涡流探伤法eddy-current thickness meter,电涡流厚流计eddy-current type transducer,涡流式传感器eddy diffusion,涡流扩散eddy velocity,涡动速度edge effect,边缘效应EDM instrument,电磁波测距仪effective aperture,有效孔径effective area,有效面积effective data transfer rate,有效数据传送率effective diaphragm area,膜片有效面积effective emissivity,有效发射率effective excitaion force,有效激振力effective magnetic field,有效磁场effective mass of the moving element,运动部件有效质量effective path length,有效光程长度effective radiation exitance,有效辐（射）出（射）度effective range,有效范围；有效量限；测量范围effective sound pressure,有效声压effectiveness,有效性effectiveness theory,效益理论efflux viscometer,流出式粘度计egoless programming,无私程序设计egoless programming,无私程序设计EI-CI source,电子轰击—化学电离源eigen frequency,特征频率Ekman current meter,厄克曼海流计elastic after-effect,弹性后效elastic background,弹性元件elastic limit,弹性极限elastic scatter,弹性散射elastic system,弹性系统elasticity,弹性elastomer diaphragm,橡胶膜片electret microphone,驻极体传声器electric actuator,电动执行机构electric contact liquid-in-glass thermometer,电接点玻璃温度计electric contact set,电接点装置electric control,电动控制electric current transducer[sensor],电流传感器electric field controller,电场控制仪electric field strength transducer[sensor],电场强度传感器electric hydraulic converter,电—液转换器electric logger,电测井仪器electric measurement technique of strain gauge,应变计电测技术electric operationg station,电动操作器electric pneumatic converter,位置发送器electric quantity transducer[sensor],电学量传感器electric resistance and dielectric constant measuring unit, 电阻—静电容量测量仪 electric system,电气系统electrical capacitance level measuring device,电容物位测量装置electrical center,电中心dlectrical conductance level measuring device,电导液闰测量装置electrical conductivity detector,电导检测器electrical hygrometer,电气湿度计；电测湿度表electrical(measurement)method,电测法electrical measurement method of optical pyrometer,光学高温计电测法electrical measuring instrument,电（工）测量仪器仪表；电法勘探仪器electrical power consumption ,（电）功耗electrical resonance frequency of the miving element,运动部件电谐振频率electrical signal,电信号electrical thermometer,电测温度表electrical wind vane and anemometer,电传风向风速仪electrical zero,电零位；电零点electrical zero adjuster,电零位调节器；电零点调整器electrically heated drying cabinet,电热干燥箱electro-cardiography transducer[sensor],心电图（ECG）传感器electo-hydraulic servocontrolled fatigue testing machine,电液伺服疲劳试验机 electro-optical distance meter,光电测距仪electroacoustic transducer,电声换能器electroacoustical reciprocity theorem,电声互易定理electrochemical analysis,电化学分析（法）electrochemical analyzer,电化学式分析器electrochemical transducer[sensor],电化学式传感器electrode,电极electrode potential,电极电位electrode signal,电极信号electrode type salinometer,电极式盐度计electrode with a mobile carrier,流动载体电极electrodeless-discharge lamp,无极放电灯electrodialysis method for desalination,电渗析淡化法electrodynamic instrument,电动系仪表electrodynamic meter,电动系电度表electrodynamic vibrator,电动振动器electroence-phalographic transducer[sensor],脑电图（EEG）传感器electrogravimetric analysis,电重量分析（法）electrohydraulic control,电液执行机构electrohydraulic control,电液伺服阀electrolysis humidity transducer[sensor],电解式湿度传感器electrolytic cell,电解池electrolytic hygrometer,电解湿度计electromagnet,电磁铁electromagnet damping galvanometer,电磁阻尼振动子electromagnet fluid damping galvanometer,电磁液体阻尼振动子electromagnetic brake,电磁制动器electromagnetic braking,电磁制动electromagnetic counter,电磁计数器electromagnetic current meter,电磁海流计electromagnetic damper,电磁阻尼器electromagnetic deflector alignment system,电磁偏转对中系统electromagnetic distance meter,电磁波测距仪electromagnetic element,电磁元件electromagnetic flowmeter,电磁流量计electromagnetic gun,电磁枪electromagnetic induction,电磁感应electromagnetic interference,电磁感应法仪器electromagnetic imterference,电磁干扰electromagnetic lens,电磁透镜electromagnetic method instrument,电磁法仪器electromagnetic methods,电磁法electromagnetic radiation,电磁辐射electromagnetic screen,电磁屏蔽electromagnetic transducer[sensor],电磁式传感器electromagnetic unit,电磁单元electromagnetic vibrator,电磁振动器electromagnetic wave propagation logging instrument,电磁波传播测井仪 electrometer,静电表electromotive force(EMF),电（动）势electromyogrphic transducer[sensor],肌电图（EMG）传感器electron beam exposure apparatus,电子束曝光机electron beam processing machine,电子束加工机electron capture detector(ECD),电子捕获检测器electron channelling pattern,电子通道花样electron diffraction image,电子衍射象electron diffractometer,电子衍射谱仪electron energy lose spectroscopy(EELS),电子能量损失谱法electron gun,电子枪electron gun alignment adjustment,电子枪对中调节装置electron image intensifier,电子象增强器electron impact desorption(EID),电子轰击解吸electron impact ion source;EI source,电子轰击离子源electron induced desorption(EID),电子诱导解吸electron lens,电子透镜electron microscope,电子显微镜electron mobility detector,电子适移率检测器electron noise,电子噪声electron lperation desk of EPMA,电子探针的电子操纵台electron optical system of EPMA,电子探针的电子光学系统electron optics,电子光学electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy;EPR spectroscopy,电子顺磁共振波谱法 electronprobe,电子探针electron probe micro-analysis(EPMA)电子探针微分析electron probe X-ray microanalyzer,电子探针X射线微区分析仪electron spectrometer,电子能谱仪electron type rock ore densimeter,电子式岩矿密度仪electron wave length,电子波长electron-beam atomizer,电子束原子化器electron-diffraction method(EED),电子衍射法electron-energy analyzer,电子能量分析器electron-hole pairs,电子—空穴对electronic analogue-to-digital converter,电子模/数转[变]换器electronic automatic compensator,电子自动补偿仪electronic balance,电子天平electronic batching scale,电子配料秤electronic bathythermograph(EBT),电子深温计electronic belt conveyor scale,电子皮带秤electronic counting scale,电子计数秤electronic distance-meter theodolite,电子测距光学经纬仪electronic fluxmeter,电子磁通表electronic hoist[hanging] scale,电子吊秤electroinc hoist scale,电子料斗秤electronic integrating fluxmeter,电子积分式磁通表electronic level,电子水准仪electronic measuring instrument,电子测量仪器仪表electronic plane table equipment,电子平板仪electronic platform scale,电子平台秤electronic railway scale,电子轨道衡electronic sampling switch,电子采样开关electronic tacheometer,电子速测仪electronic tesing machine,电子式试验机electronic theodolite,电子经经纬仪electronic top-loading balance,电子上皿天平electronic trunk scale,电子汽车秤electrooculographic transducer[sensor],眼电图（EOG）传感器electrophoresis,电泳法electrophoresis meter,电泳仪electropolisher,电解抛光机electroretinographic transducer[sensor],视网膜电图（ERG）传感器electroscope,验电器electrosensitive printer,电灼式印刷机electrosonde,电位探空仪electrostatic actuator,静电激发器electrostatic analyzer,静电分析器electrostatic display recorder,静电显示记录仪electrostatic electron microscope,静电电子显微镜electrostatic emanometer,静电计式射气仪electrostatic instrument,静电系仪表electrostatic lens,静电透镜electrostatic microphone,静电八极透镜electrostatic printer,静电印刷机electrostatic quadrupole lens,静电四极透镜electrostatic screen,静电屏蔽electrovolumetric analysis,电容量分析（法）elemental error,单元误差elevated temperature testing machine,高温试验机elevated-zero range,零点提升范围elevation,（海拔）高度elevation of zero point of barometer,气压表零点高度elliptical polarization instrument,椭圆极化仪elliptical vibration,椭圆振动elongation,伸长率elongation rate,延伸率elution,洗脱elution chromatorgraphy,冲洗色谱法emanation survey,射气测量emanation thermal analysis,放射（性）热分析emanation thermal analysis apparatus,放射热分析仪emanometer,测氡仪；射气仪embedded strain gauge,埋入式应变计emission electron microscope,发射电子显微镜emission spectrum,发射光谱emission X-ray spectrometry,发射X射线谱法emissivity,发射率emittance of the earth's surface,地表面辐射emulsifier,乳化液槽encapsulation(Ex m),浇封（Ex m)encircling coil,环形线圈enclosed-scale liquid-in-glass thermometer,内标式玻璃温度计 END byte,结束字节end connection,连接端end of file(EOF),文件结束end-points,端点endothermic peak,吸热峰ENDSUM byte,结束总和字节endurance test,耐久性试验energizing frequency,激励频率energizing voltage,激励电压energy dispersion,能量色散energy equivalent,能当量energy filter,能量过滤器energy loss,能量损失energy olss of electron spectrometer,电子能量损失谱仪energy loss spectrometer,能量损失谱仪energy processor module,能量处理组件energy spread,能量分散engineer's operating station,工程师操作站engineer's theodilite,工程经纬仪engineering cybernetics,工程控制论enhineering simulator,工程仿真器engineering system simulation,工程系统仿真Engler viscosity,恩氏粘度enhancement effect,增强效应enveloped thermistor,密封型热敏电阻器environmental condition,环境条件environmental error,环境误差environmental factor,环境因素environmental gas analyzer,环境气体分析仪environmental influence,环境条件影响environmental monitor station,环境监测站environmental noise,环境噪声enivronmental parameter,环境参数environmental specification,环境规范environmental tset,环境试验environmental test equipment,环境试验设备enzyme substrate electrode,酶敏电极epoxy resin,环氧树脂Epstein frame,爱普斯坦方圈Epstein measuring apparatus,爱普斯坦测量装置equal precision measurement,等精密度测量equalization,均衡equalizing block,均温块equalizing orifice,平衡孔equilibrium point,平衡点equilibrium state,平衡状态equivalent a.c.resistance,等效交流电阻equivalent air volume,等效空气容积equivalent conductance,当量电导equivalent input impedance,等效空气容积 equivalent conductance,当量电导equivalent input impedance,等效输入阻抗equivalent n-th modal unbalance,第n阶振型等效不平衡谐量equivalent potential screen,等电位屏蔽equivalent sound pressure level due to inherent noise of microphone, 传声器等效噪声级equivalent uniform roughness,等效均匀粗糙度erecting telescoope,正像望远镜ergonomics,工效学erosion,侵蚀erratic motion of the moving element,运动部件的漂移运动error,误差error coefficient,误差系数evaluation standard,评定标准evaporativity,蒸发率evaporimeter,蒸发仪；蒸发表evaporograph,蒸发计evapotranspirometer,蒸散表event marker,标记装置event pulse,事件脉冲event recorder,事故[状态]记录仪evolved gas analysis(EGA),逸出气分析evolved gas analysis apparatus,逸出气分析仪evolved gas detection(EGD),逸出气检测evolved gas detection apparatus,逸出气检测器excess energy meter,超量电度表excitation,激励excitation force,激振力excitation index,激发指数exciting curent,激磁电流executive routine,执行程序exothermic peak,放热峰expanded scale,扩展标度expanded scale instrument,扩展标度尺仪表expansibility factor,可膨胀性系数expansion factor,膨胀系数expansion chamber(of liquid-in-glass thermometer),（玻璃温度计的）膨胀室expected long term stability,预期的长期稳定性expendable bathythermograph(XBT),投弃式深温计experimental intensity of scattered ion,散射离子的实验强度experimental standard deviation,实验标准偏差experimental standard deviation of the mean,平均值的实验标准偏差experimental temperature scale,经验温标experimental variance,实验方差explosion-proof electric actuator,防爆型电动执行机构explosion-proof instrument,防爆型仪器仪表explosion-proof solenoid valve,防爆型磁阀explosive limit of flammable gas,可燃气体的爆炸限explosive sound source,爆炸声源export package,出口包装exposed junction,外露端exposed junction type sheathed thermocouple,露端型铠装热电偶exposure,曝光量exposure chart,曝光曲线图exposure time,曝光时间extended rating current,扩展的额定电流exteneed rating type curent transfomer,扩展的额定型电流互感器extending extension lead,延伸型上阀盖extension lead,延长导线extension lead error(of thermocouple),（热电偶的）延长导线误差extension lead method,延长导线法extensometer,引伸计exterior package,外包装external critical resistance,外临界电阻external-convection column sensitive element,柱状外对流敏感元件external-convection ring sensitive element,环状外对流敏感元件external disturbance,外扰exteranl gear,转子齿轮external lock signal,外锁信号external reference sample,外参比试样external-scale liquid-in-glass thermometer,外标式玻璃温度计external standard method,外标法externally-piloted regulator,组合指挥器操作型自力式调节阀extra-column effect,柱外效应extraction lens,引出透镜extrapolated onset,外推超始点；外延始点extreme temperature,极端温度Fface to face dimension,端面距尺寸facsimile seismograph,传真式地震仪factory communication,工厂通信factory information protocol,工厂信息协议Fahrenheit,华氏度Fahrenheit temperature scale,华氏温标fail safe,换效安全fail tree analysis,失效树分析failure,失效failure diagnosis,失效诊断failure mechanism,失效机理failure mode,失效率failure recognition,失效识别failure valve position,阀断源位置failure cable,流线型拖缆fall time,下降时间falling coaxial cylinder viscometer,同轴圆筒下落粘度计falling sphere viscometer,落球粘度计false strain,虚假应变fanning mill anemometer,叶轮式风速表far field,远场far infra-red radiant element,远红外副射元件far infrared radiation,远红外辐射Faraday cage,静电屏蔽farinfrared spectrophotometer,远红外分光光度计fast atom bombardment,（FAB），快速原子轰击faster-than-real-time simulation,超实时仿真fatigue,疲劳fatigue characteristic,疲劳特性fatigue failure,疲劳破裂fatibue life,疲劳寿命fatigue limit,疲劳极限fatigue strain gauge,疲劳应变计fatigue testing machine,疲劳试验机fault,故障feasibility,可行性feasibility study,可行性研究feasible cooordination,可行协调feasible region,可行域feature detection,特征检测feedback,反馈feedback compensation,反馈补偿feedback control,反馈控制feedback controller,反馈控制器feedback elements,反馈元件feedback gain,反馈增益feedback loop,反馈回路feedback path,反馈通路feedback signal,反馈信号feedforward,前馈feedforward compensation,前馈补偿feedforward control,前馈控制下feedforward path,前馈通路feedover,馈越ferrodynamic galvanometer,铁磁电动系振动子ferrodynamic instrument,铁磁电动系仪表ferrograph,铁磁示波器FET gas transducer[sensor],场效应（管）湿度传感器fiber communication,光纤通信fiducial error,引用误差fiducial value,引用值；基值field,字段；现场field balancing,现场平衡field balancing equipment,现场平衡设备field coil,励磁线圈field controller,磁场控制器field data,现场数据field desorption(FD),场解吸field emission electron image,场发射电子象field emission gun,场发射电子枪field emission microscope,场发射显微镜field ion emission microscope,场离子发射显微镜field ionization source;FI source,场电离源field test,现场试验field of view,视场field rdliability test,现场可靠性试验field stop,视场光栏field sweeping,场扫描field-frequency lock,场频锁fieldbus,现场总线fieldbus control system(FCS),现场总线控制系统filament image,灯丝象filar suspended galvanometer,悬丝式检流计file,文件；文卷file maintenance,文卷维护fill factor,占空因子；填充率filled system thermometer,压力式温度计filled thermal system,充灌式感温系统film recording thermograph,照相温度（表）film sample,薄膜样品film varstor,膜式电压敏电阻器filter,滤光计；过滤器；滤波器；滤光板；滤线板filter device,滤光装置filtered electron image,过滤电子象filtered electron lens,过滤电子透镜final controlling element,终端控制元件；执行器final state,终态final controlling element,终端控制元件；执行器final state,终态final temperature,终了温度终止温度Fineman nephoscope,法因曼测云器finte automaton,有限自动机fire behaviour,着火性能fire integrity,整体着火性fire resistance,耐火性 fire stability,对火稳定性 firmware,固件 fish finder,鱼探仪 fitting,管件five-component borehole magnetometer,井中五分量磁测井仪fixed core,定铁芯fixed(measuring)instrument,固定式（测量）仪表fixed points method of calibration,定点法标定fixed resistance input type volt ratio box,定阻输入式分压箱fixed resistance output type volt ratio box,定阻输出式分压箱fixed set point control,定值控制fixed set point control system,定值控制系统rixed-based natural frequency,固定基础固有频率flag,标记flame emission spectrometry,火焰发射光谱法flame ionization detector(FID),火焰离子化检测器flame photometric detector(FPD),火焰光度检测器flame proof enclsoure(Ex d),隔爆外壳（Ex d)flame temperature detector,火焰温度检测器flange pressure tappings,法兰取压口flanged ends,法兰连接端flangeless ends,无法兰连接端flangeless valve,无法兰阀flashing,闪阀flaw echo,缺陷反射波flaw resolution,缺陷分辨力flaw sensitivity,缺陷灵敏度flexible disk,软磁盘flexible manufacturing system,柔性制造系统flexible rotor,柔性转子flexural critical speed,挠曲临界转速flexural principl mode,挠曲主振型flicker,闪烁float,浮子float and cable level measuring device,浮标和缆索式液闰测量装置float barograph,浮子气压计float level measuring device,浮子液位测量装置float level reguator,浮子型液位调节阀float level transducer[sensor],浮子—干簧管液位传感器float tide gauge,浮子式验潮仪floating accelerometer,重力式测波仪floating ball,浮置输入floating output,浮置输出floppy disk drive,软磁盘机flow chart,流程图表flow coefficient,流量系数flow conditioner[straightener],流动调整器[整直器]flow control,流量控制flow corrector,流量修正器flow diagram,流程图flow elbow,流量弯管flow measurement calibration device,流量测量校准装置flow measuring device,流量测量装置flow nozzle,流量喷嘴flow profile,流动剖面flow rate of mobile phase,流动相流速flow sihnal,流量信号flow stabilizer,流量稳定器flow switch,流量开关flow to close,流关flow to open,流开 flow transducer[sensor],流量传感器flowmeter,流量计flow-rate,流量flow-rate range,流量范围fluctuation,波动（度）fluid damping galvanometer,液体阻尼振动子fluidic flowmeter,射流流量计fluorescence,荧光修正fluorescence detector,荧光检测器fluorescence effect,荧光效应fluorescent image,荧光象flurescent magnetic partcle,荧光磁粉fluorescent magnetic particle inspection machine,荧光磁粉探伤机fluorescent penetrant festing method,荧光渗透探伤法fluorine plastic,氟塑料fluorine rubber(viton),氟橡胶fluorometer,荧光计 flush mounted(pressure)gauge,，嵌装压力表flutter,颤振flux constant,磁通常数flux meter,磁通表flux of radiation,辐射通量fluxgate compass,磁通门罗盘fluxgate magnetometer,磁通门磁力仪；磁通门磁强计fluxmeter,磁通表fluxmeter calibrator,磁通表校验仪focal distance,焦距focal plane,焦平面focal point,焦点focus,焦点focus size,焦点尺寸focus-to-film distance,焦距focusing,聚焦focusing type probe,聚焦探头fog-gauge,雾量器foil strain gauge,箔式应变计folding chart[paper],折叠式记录纸follow-up control,随动控制follow-up pointer,从动针food analyzer,食品分析仪force,力force-balance acceleration transducer,力平衡式加速度传感器force-balance accelerometer,力平衡式加速度计force convection,强近对流force standard machine,力标准机force transducer[sensor],力传感器forced vibration,强迫振动；受迫振动foregraound,前台 foreground processing,前台处理foreground program,前台程序form factor,波形因数Fortin barometer,福丁气压表forward channel,正向信道Foundation Fieldbus(FF),基金会现场总线；FF总线four-terminal standard resistor,四端（钮）标准电阻器Fourier transform,傅里叶变换Fouier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spertrometer (FT-ICR-MS), 傅立叶变换离子回旋共振质谱计Fourier transform infrared spectrometry,傅立叶变换红外光谱法Fourier transform spectrometer,傅里叶变换光谱仪fracture toughness,断裂韧性fragment ion,碎片离子fragmentation,碎裂过程frqgmentation pattern,碎裂图型frame,帧 framework,框架free falling STD profilinge system,自返式温盐深剖面仪free field,自由声场free field correction curves,自由场修正曲线free-field frequency response of microphone,传声器自由声场频率响应free feild reciprocity calibration,自由声场互易校准free-field sensitivity of microphone,传声器自由声场灵敏度free induction decay signal;FID signal,自由感应衰减信号free oscillating period,自由振动周期free swing of pendulum,摆锤空击free vehicle respirometer,活动式海底生物呼吸测量器free vibration,自由振动freezing heat,凝固热freezing point,凝固点frequency,频率frequency-amplitude characteristic,幅频特性frequency analysis,频率分析frequency analyzer,频率分析仪frequency band,频带frequency distrbution,频率分布frequency division multiplexing,频分多路传输frequency domain,频域frequency domain analysis,频域分析frequency domain method,频域法frequency domain model reduction method,频域模型降价法frequency index,频率指数frequency measurement by comparison with time scale,时标比较法测频frequency measurement by digital meter,用数字频率计测频frequency measurement by Lissajou's figure,用李沙育图形测频frequency measurement by stroboscope,闪光测频frequency measurement by vibrationg reed indicator,用舌簧频率计测频frequency meter,频率表frequency modulation（FM),频率周制，调频frequency of the natural hydraulic mode,液压固有频率frequency output,频率输出frequency-phase characteristic,相频特性frequency response,频率响应frequency response characteristics,频率响应特性（图）frequency reponse locus,频率响应轨迹图frequency response of microphone,传声器频率响应frequency response range,频率响应范围frequency resonse tracer,频率响应显示仪frequency shift keying(FSK),频移键控frequency shift magnetometer,频移磁强计frequency sounding instrument,频率测深仪frequency spectra induced polarization instrument,频谱激电仪frequency stabilization,频率稳定frequency sweeping,频率扫描frequency-temperature coefficient,频率—温度系数Fresnal diffraction string,费涅尔衍射条纹friction bezel ring,压紧盖环friction error,轻敲位移friction velocity,磨擦速度front end processor,前端处理机frontal chromatography,迎头色谱法frost point hygrometer,霜点湿度计（表）full bridge measurement,全桥测量full capacity trim,全容量阀内件full-load test,满载试验full scale flow-rate,满标度流量full-screen editing,全屏莫编辑full-screen processing(FSP),全屏幕处理full-wave logger,声波全波列测井仪fully developed velocity distrbution,充分发展的速度分布fully insulated current transormer,全绝缘电流互感器fully rough trbulent flow,充分混杂紊流function,功能function analysis,功能分析function block,功能块function key,功能键function module,功能模块function type optic-fibre temperature transducer,功能型光纤温度传感器functional block,功能块functional decomposition,功能分解functional insulation,功能绝缘functional similarity,功能相似functional simulation,功能仿真fundamental frequency,基本频率fundamental method of measurement,基础测量法fundamental natural mode of vibration,基本固有振型fundamental period,基本周期fundamental wave,基波funnel-shaped mud viscometer,漏斗式泥浆粘度计furnace for reproduction of fixed points,定点炉furnace for verification use,检定炉fuzzy control,模糊控制fuzzy controller,模糊控制器fuzzy decision,模糊决策fuzzy game,模糊对策fuzzy information,模糊信息fuzzy logic,模糊逻辑Ggain,增益gain margin,增益裕度gain-crossover frequency,增益交越频率galvanic cell,原电池galvanometer,检流计galvanometer gecord type strong-motion instrument,电流计记录式强震仪galvanometer with optical point,光点式检流计game theory,对策论；博弈树gamma directioned radiometer,伽玛定向辐射仪gamma processing image,处理象gamma radionmeter in borehold,井中伽玛辐射仪gamma-ray detection apparaturs,射线探伤机gamma ray level measuring device,伽马射线液位测量装置gamma(ray)spectrometer,伽玛能谱仪gamma-rays,射线gamma ray logger,伽玛测井仪gamma sampling radiometer of banded screen,带屏伽玛取样加射仪gamma scintillator radiometer,伽玛闪烁辐射仪gamma spectrometer in borehold,井下伽玛能谱仪gamma-spectrometry,伽玛测量gas analyzer,气体分析器gas chromatograph,气相色谱仪gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer(GC0MS),气相色谱—质谱联用仪接口gas chromatography,气相色谱法gas chromatorgaphy-mass(GC-MS),气相色谱—质谱法gas cylinder regulator,气瓶减压器gas densitometer,气体密度计gas-discharge source,气体放电源gas-enclosed pressure gauge,气密引压式验尚潮仪gas generator,气体发生器gas laser,气体激光器gas-liquid chromatography,气液色谱法gas proportional detector,气体正比检测器gas pump thermocouple,抽气式热电偶gas purged pressure recording gauge,补气引压式验潮仪gas sensing electrode,气敏电极gas-sensitive element,气敏元件gas sensor,气敏元件gas-solid chromatography,气固色谱法gas thermometer,气体温度计gas transducer[sensor],气体传感器gastrointestinal inner pressure transducer[sensor],胃肠内压传感器gate,闸门gate-type lowmeter,闸门式流量计gate valve,闸阀gateway,网间连接器gauge block,量块gauge circuit,应变计[片]电路gauge factor,应变计灵敏系数gauge length,标距长度gauge pressure,表压gauge pressure transducer[sensor],表压传感器gauge resistance,应变计（片）电阻Gauss optics,高斯光学Gaussian integration method,高斯求积法gear reducer,减速器Geiger type vibrograph,盖格尔式测振仪gel chromatography,凝胶色谱法general-purpose(pressure)gauge,一般压力表general purpose strain gauge,常温应变计general system theory,一般系统理论generalization,通用化generalized modeling,广义建模generation function,生成函数geodetic instrument,大地测量仪器geologic compass,地质罗盘仪geological stereometer,地质立体量测仪geomagnetic electrokinetograph(GEK),地磁场电磁海流计geometric aberration,几何象差geometric centre of the dial,度盘几何中心geostationary meteorological satellite,地球同步气象卫星germanium thermometer,锗电阻Gershum tube,格森管shost echo,假反射波，假伤波ghost peak,假峰glass circle,玻璃电极global analysis,整体分析global data base,全球数据库global optimum,全局最优global radiation,总辐射globe valve,球形阀glucose enzyme transducer[sensor],酶（式）葡萄糖传感器glutamate(glutamic acid)microbial transducer[sensor],微生物谷氨酸传感器grade,级；等grade I standard dynamometer,一等标准测力计grade II standard load calibrating machine,二等标准测力机grade IIIstandard dynamometer,三等标准测力计graded-L operation,分级L操作Grader-L signals(GL),分级L信号gradient error(of bath),（槽的）梯度误差gradient flux-gate magnetometer,磁通门磁力梯度仪gradient superconducting magnetometer,超导磁力梯度仪graduated range,刻度范围graph search,图搜索graph theory,图论graphic library,图形库graphic panel,全模拟盘grating displacement transducer,光栅式位移传感器grating monochromator,光栅单色仪grating spectrograph,光栅摄谱仪gravimeter,重力仪gravitational balancing machine,重力式平衡机gravity,重力gravity anomaly,重力异常gravity corer,重力式取样管gravity correction,重力修正gravity gradient survey,重力梯度测量gravity gradiometer,重力梯度仪gravity horizontal gradient survey,重力水平梯度测量gravity nut,重心铊gravity platform,重力平台gravity profile,重力剖面gravity survey,重力测量gravity vertical gradient survey,重力垂向梯度测量gravity-piston type corer,重力活塞式取样管graybody,灰体gray scale,灰度grid,控制极；栅极grid-controlled X-ray tube,栅控X射线管grid lines device,格线装置gridnephoscope,栅状测云器grip,夹头ground electrochemical extractor,地电化学提取法仪器ground electromagnetic instrument,地面电磁法仪器ground gamma spectrometer,地面伽玛能谱仪ground gravity survey,地面重力测量ground instrument,地面仪器ground noise,本底噪声ground pulse electromagnetic instrument,地面脉冲电磁仪ground receivint station,地面接收站ground visibility,地面能见度ground X-ray fluorimeter,地面X射线荧光仪grounded junction,接地端grounded noise,接地噪声groupof an instrument for explosive atmosphere,防爆仪表类别guarded input,保护输入guidance system,导向系统gyro balancing machine,陀螺测斜仪。
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1)(A)What are the differences of … comparing men with women?I have to say that there are many differences of …comparing men with women. Men tend to …; however, women are more likely to … It might seem a little bit weird, but I think men and women are naturally like it. For instance, most women are born shopping freaks, they are often incurably addicted to nice outfits and cosmetics; and it is definitely not in men’s nature to follow all that stuff. Men are more into cars, sports and stocks.(B)What are the differences of … comparing elderly people with young guys?Well, first I have to say that there are many differences. The elderly people are more likely to …; however, the young tend to … As for reasons, I guess it is due to the fact that they were born and grew up in different times. Elderly people and young guys have different philosophies of life and moral values, so it is quite understandable that to those young guys, what the elderly people like to do might seem so 60’s and totally out, while what young guys do are sometimes out of line and totally unacceptable to the elderly people.(C)What are the differences of … comparing 20 (30, 40) years ago with today?Well, first I have to say that there are many changes happened these years in terms of … Thanks to the ever-increasing Chinese people’s living standards and ever-growing Chinese economy, gone forever are those days when Chinese people were confined to …; here comes the time when we Chinese are offered millions of options: …(D)What are the differences of … comparing China with western countries?I have to say that there are many differences of …comparing China wit western countries. China has a unique culture and many interesting customs, a lot of things are full of a strong Chinese flavor. In terms of …, it features; however, western countries are a totally different picture. …features …I think it is due to different social backgrounds, cultural backgrounds and ethnic backgrounds between China and western countries.(E)What are the differences between … and …?Well, although they look quite similar and they do share a lot in common, there are many significant differences between them. First, they are different in definition. … is …, while … is…Another difference is that their looks/appearances are quite different as well. … is …, however, …is … Besides, they leave people with different impressions. … is more … ; … is more…2)Eg. How do you feel about those countries with a lot of immigrants?Immigrants have always been the topic that is widely talked about and debated. It has its distinct advantages and disadvantages. Concerning the bright side, first,it attracts those skilled workers in much needed sectors, which contributes greatly to the economic development of a country; another benefit is that immigrants increase diversity in religion, culture, food and even fashion, and of course, we cannot ignore its dark side. The first thing is greater poverty; another disadvantage springs to mind is the increase in crimes. I think these are two sides of it.3)Eg. Should people celebrate their birthday?I suppose the answer is a ‘yes’. As we all know it, it has a number of benefits. First, birthdayis a day or anniversary of the particular month and day on which a person was born. It is a unique day. And we cannot deny the fact that each individual has only one chance to live on this planet. It is very hard to imagine how someone can realize the importance of the life without knowing the importance of birthday! And most importantly,birthday celebration bonds the family and friends. The birthday guy can get gifts, make wishes and blow the candles. It has always been said that birthday wishes always come true. I don’t think there is anyone in the world wants to see the day when people have no wishes. Therefore, let us celebrate our birthdays.Should people spend a lot of money on birthday gifts?I think it is a mixed blessing. It is good for people to give the birthday guy gifts to show their good wishes. To some extent, it means how much they care the birthday guy. But it can be bad because some of the gifts are really expensive. And nowadays, the price of the gift has almost become a standard to see how close you are. But actually, there is a thing called friendship thst cannot be measured in terms of money. So it is very had to give a definite ‘yes’ or ‘no’ as an answer. It is just like there is a fine line in everything; try not to cross the line.4)Eg. What do you think a great teacher should be like?I think it takes a lot of things to be a good teacher. First, a good teacher should be responsible, which is a prerequisite.It is very hard to imagine how someone can be a good teacher without certain responsibility. Another qualification a good teacher should have is adequate academic knowledge. On top of it, a good teacher has to be inspirational. I mean, they should encourage and inspire students to show their initiative to learn rather than kill their curiosity and passion. The exam-oriented cramming teaching methodology has proved to be unwelcome nowadays; you know, it is easier said than done. And I think this also how a good teacher is different from a mediocre one. It is why people are always saying that ‘A mediocre teacher tells, a lovely teacher explains and a great teacher inspires.’5)Eg. Which ones do you love more, cell phones or landlines?I prefer cell phones to landlines. First, the biggest feature of cell phones is that they are portable, user-friendly and so convenient that they enable me to contact anyone anywhere anytime I want. It is something that landlines can never hold a candle to.Besides, cell phones normally come with the whole package of features, SMS, built-in camera, Wi-Fi, MP3 and games, which overshadows landlines as well. One more thing that I cannot miss is that cell phones have already become part of our life. I cannot imagine one single day without it.Which way do you love to go traveling, alone or with a group?Well, it is a hard choice. I really cannot choose one over another. By traveling alone, I can go wherever I want and stay as long as I like, totally soaking up the exotic atmosphere; while traveling with a group has its own edge as well.I don’t need to worry about the security, the schedule, the transportation, the three meals every day or hotels. They both have their own irreplaceable strong points. I think this why people are always saying that everything exists for a reason.6)Eg.Why do people love to buy their friends expensive gifts?Well, it is the topic that people have been talking about for quite a while. Some believe that face is the main reason why people do it. It is kind of the more expensive your gift is, the closer your relationship with your friend is; others claim that it is due to the fact that expensive gifts mean better quality, higher class and better taste. Well, I cannot say whose side I am on. They both made their points. I guess the reason is a little bit both.7)Eg. Facing so many disadvantages that online shopping has, do you think there are some effective ways to deal with this situation?Well, based on the disadvantages/problems of this issue, I think there are some effective methods to deal with the situation. From the government’s perspective, a series of regulations and rules should be carried out based on the current unsatisfactory situation. Hum taking some professional precautions to increase customers’ levels of online security sounds like a good idea. Showing customers where other shoppers are in the virtual stores, and maybe even allowing customers to interact while shopping, via chat or other interfaces. Anyway, trying to make the online virtual world more convenient and real is preferable. As far as individuals are concerned, everyone should do whatever it takes to comply with all the relevant regulations and rules.Can you recommend some good ways to choose a restaurant?Actually, there are plenty of ways to pick a great restaurant. I guess the top priority is flavor. There is no way for me to eat at a restaurant where I cannot find anything I love on the menu. I have a sweet tooth; anything sweet always makes my mouth water. Another thing I might consider is the price. The price is supposed to be reasonable. I am only a student and not in the position of splashing out on haute cuisine. And a meal at any five-star restaurant could be a rip-off to me. Besides, a great atmosphere sounds brilliant. You know, a good atmosphere can always give a good appetite.8)Eg. What do you think of the future of online shopping?Although the whole thing has a lot of disadvantages, I still would love to look on the bright side. Call me optimistic or whatever, I mean, nothing on this planet is perfect. It is not like I definitely ignore the dark side. It is just that I firmly believe that with the joint effort of both relevant authorities and individuals, its future will be glorious.9)Eg. What is the importance of health?Well, it has already become one of the top priorities to everybody today. It is hard to imaging how someone can survive without being in good health. And it is not too much to say that health has already become an important part in our life. I am not exaggerating; it is one of the very few things that cannot be measured in terms of money.。