design of goods and services
工业设计工程 英语
工业设计工程英语Industrial design engineering is a field that focuses on the application of artistic and design principles to the development of products and systems. It involves the integration of aesthetics, functionality, and usability to create products that are both visually appealing and practical. Industrial design engineering encompasses a wide range of disciplines, including product design, user experience design, ergonomics, materials science, and manufacturing processes.In industrial design engineering, professionals use their knowledge of design principles, engineering concepts, and manufacturing techniques to create products that meet the needs of users and are feasible to produce. This often involves conducting research to understand user preferences and behavior, developing conceptual designs, creating prototypes, and collaborating with engineers and manufacturers to bring the final product to market.The role of industrial design engineering is crucial in the development of consumer products, electronics, furniture, transportation vehicles, and various other goods. It is also increasingly important in the design of user interfaces for digital products and services. Industrial design engineers must consider not only the appearance of a product, but also how it will be used, how it can be manufactured efficiently, and how it fits into the overall user experience.In summary, industrial design engineering is a multidisciplinary field that combines art, engineering, and manufacturing to create products and systems that are both visually appealing and functional. It plays a key role in the development of a wide range of consumer goods and is essential for ensuring that products meet the needs and preferences of users.。
商务英语四级术语翻译
1.Bill of lading 提单Definition:Bill of lading is a document given by a shipping company,representboth a receipt for thegoods siped and a contract for shipment between the shipping companyand the sipper.it is also adocument of title to the goods,giving the holder or the assigne theright to possessionof the goods.2.Marketing 市场营销Definition:Marketing is the process of planning and executing the conception,pricing,promouon ,and distribution of goods and services to create exchanges that satisfy individual and organizational objectives.3.D/P 付款交单Definition:D/P is short for"document against payment.Under this payment method,the exporter is to ship the goods ordered and delivered the relative shipping documents to thebuyer abroad through the remitting bank and the collecting bank with instructions not torelease the documents to the buyer until the payment lorthe goods is made.4.QA 品质/质量保证Definition:QA is short for quality assurance,it is about how a business can design the way a pro duct or services is produced or delivered to minimize the chances that output will beup-standard.5.Flexible exchange rates 浮动汇率Definition:A flexible exchange rate means the government does not enter the foreign exchange markets and leaves the determination of exchange rates up to currency trades.The price of its currency is allowed to rise and fall as market forces dictate.1.Parternship；合作关系A parternship is a legal relationship between persons arising on apofi-motivated business.a cooperative relationship between people or groups who agree to share responsibility for achieving some specific goal2.manegement 管理人员Definition:Management is defined as the application of planning,organizing,directing,and Controlling functions in the most effient manner possible to accomplish meaningful organizational objectives.3.HR management 人力资源管理Definition:The human resource management is an ongoing procedure that tries to keep the Organization suplied with the right people in the right positions.4.Documentary Credit 跟单信用证A Documentary Letter of Credit is a written undertaking given by a bank on behalf of an Importer to pay the Exporter a given sum of money with in a specified time,providing thatthe Exporter presentsdocuments which comply with the terms laid down in the Letter of Credit. 5.Draft 汇票Defnition:A draft is simply an order write by an exporter intruting an importer,or importer' sagent,to pay a specified amount of money at a specified time.Shipping document：运输单据(运输单证）shipping documents also as transport documents,are legal documents that are utilized in the process of transporting goods from one location to another.2.certificate of origin：原产地证书（证明）is document used in international trade,completed by the exporter,and certificated by a recognized issuing body,attesting that the goods in a particular export shipment have beenproduced,manufactured or processed in a particular country.3.insurance policy：保单(保险合同/大保单)is a formal contract-document between the insurer and the insured,known as the policy holder, which determines the claims which the insurer is legally required to pay.5.customer equity：顾客资产is the value of potential future revenue generated by a company's customers in a lifetime.l.sole/individual proprietorship:独资经营Detnition:It is a type of enterprise that is owned and run by one natural person.The owner is in Direct control of all elements and is legally accountable for the finances of such business and this may include debts,loans,loss,etc.2.Productivity:生产力It is the rate at which goods are produced.(or having thẻpower to produce)3.broker：代理/中介：A broker is a person whose job is to buy and sell shares,foreign money,or goods for other people.4.Fixed assets：固定资产are assets which a company uses on a continuous basis,such as properly and machinery.5.Cash on delivery:货到付款Collecting the charges upon delivery.1.anti-dumping duty:反倾销税is an extra duty levied temporarily on the imported commodity in dumping to protect home industry and market against the import commodity in large quantity and cheap price.2.Transnational corporation跨国公司refers to large international enterprise consisting of entities in two ormore countries,that operates manufacturing,sales and other business.3.Invisible trade:无形贸易trade of services rather than actual goods,for example,banking,insurance,and professional service,etc.4.Balance of payment:国际收支A statement that summarizes an economy's transactions with the rest of the world for a specified time period.1.CPI,消费价格指数消费物价指数Consumer price index measures changes in the price level of market basket of consumer goods and services purchased by households.2.LLC, 有限责任公司Limited liability company a business structure that combines the pass-through taxation of apartner ship or sole proprietorship with the limited liability of a corporation.3.FOB,离岸价格/船上交货价格Free On Board is a shipping term which indicates that the supplier pays the shipping costs(and usually also the insurance costs)from the point of manufacture to a specified destination,at Which point the buyer takes responsibility.4.B2B,企业对企业的电子商务模式Business-To-Business is a transaction that occurs between two companies,as opposed to a transaction involving a consumer.The term may also describe a company that provides goods or s ervices for another company.5.Definition:借记卡/提款卡Debit card is a card which allows customers to access their funds immediately electronically.With a debit card,you can immediately take money out of your checking account either through purcha ses at a store or through an ATM.1.A CEO首席执行官(chief executive fficer)is the position of the most senior corporate officer,executive,leader or administrator in charge of managing an organization.2.Human resource:人力资源In a company or other organization,the department of human resources is the department take on ponsibility for the recruiting,training,and welfare of the staff.bor market劳动力市场is the market in which workers compete for jobs and employers compete for workers.3.V AT增值税(value added tax)is a tax that is added to the price of goods or services.4.A balance sheet is a written statement of the amount of money and property that a company op erson has,including amounts of money that are owed or are owing.资产负债表5.Brand loyalty 品牌忠诚:The tendency to always buy a particular brand.2.Joint venture合资公司A business activity in which2or more companies have invested together.3.Quota:定额Quanttative restrictions imposed by one country on imports of a certain type from another country.4.marketing mix:营销组合A comprehensive plan or strategy covering product price,promotion and place,usually summarized as the4Ps".of marketing.5.Acqusition :收购Getting control of a company bitiony buying over50%of its shares. Definition:Lredit card is a small plastic card that you can use to buy goods and services and pay for the market.2.Depeciatiton贬值means decrease in value of assets.3.Brand preference品牌偏好is measure of brand loyalty in which a consumer will choose a paticular brand in presence of competing brands,but will accept substitutes if that brand is not available.4.Corporate Culture公司文化is a broad term used to define the unique personality or character of a particularcompany or organization,and includes such elements as core values and beliefs,corporate ethics,and rules of behavior.5.:Fringe benefit额外福利is an incidental or additional advantage,a benefit provided by an employer to supplement an employee's regular pay,such as a pension,company car,luncheon voucher,insurance,vacation 1.overcapacity:生产能力过剩If there is overcapacity in a particularindustry, more goods have been produced than areneed and the industry is therefore less profitable thanit could be.2.A free trade zone(FTZs):自由贸易区A free-trade area is a trade bloc whose member countries have signed a free-trade agreement(FT A),which eliminates tariffs,import quotas,and preferences on most(if not all)goods and services traded between them.If people are also free to move between the countries,in addition to FTA,it would also be considered an open border.4.A non-performing loan,or NPL,is a loan that is in default or close to being in default.Manyloans become non-performing after being in default for90days,but this can depend on the contract terms.不良贷款4..外债Definition:Foreign debt is the total debt a country owes to foreign creditors,complemented by int ernaldebtowed to domestic lenders.The debtors can be the government,corporations or citizens o f that country.The debt includes money owed to privale commercial banks,other governments,or international financialinstitutions such as the International(IMF)and World Bank5.Translation:风险投资家A venture capitalist is an investor who either provides capilal lo slartup ventures or supports small companiesthat wish to expand but do not have access to equities markets.V enture capitalists are willing toinvest in such companies because they can earn a massive return on their investments if these companies are asuccess.1.Translation:授权经营Definition:Licensing is an arrangement in which the owner of intellectual property grants another firm theright to use that property for a specified period of time in exchange for royalties or other compensation.2.Translation:间接投资，证券投资made with theexpectation of earning a return.Thisexpected retum'is'diretly orrelated with theion snen"cpeted ik Pofoioo ioene dainet fom dica muene whidh no uinesiable sake in a target compa ny and posbly being ivolvede wilh is day body mngeme 3.Translation:反向贸易、对等贸易Counter trade is a sale that encompases more than an exhane of god,erices or iesformoney.4.乘数效应Definition:The multiplier efect is the expansion of a country's money supply that results from banks beingable to lend.The size of the multiplier effect depends on the percentage of deposits that banks are required tohold as reserves.In other words,it is the money used to create more money and is calculated by dividing total bank deposits by the reserve requirement.5.Definition:Initial public ffering(IPO)is a type of public ofringn in which shares of a company usually aresold to nstitutional investors that in turn,sell to the general public,on a secrities excha nge,for the firsttime. 首次公开发行股票1.Break-even point is the point at which toal cost and toalrevenue are equal.Tanslaion:盈亏平衡点/盈亏临界2.Onder cydle time is a peindbetween placing5an order and receiving the ordered item. Translation:汀貨周期3.by the bank to the importer according to his demand upon receiving the billsunder the letter of credited and the impotterTranslation:进ロ押汇4.Maker share is the amo thata company sells of itspoduets or serices compared wih oher companies selling the same things. 市场份额5.Definition:Brand positioning is an activity of creating a brand offer in such a manner that it occ upies adistinctive place and value in the target customers'mind.Translation:品牌定位1.Defnition:Itis the right to buy or sell property at an agreed price;rithe ght is purchased and15 notexercised by a stated date,the money is forfeited.期权2.It is a fraudulent investment operation that pays returns to its investors from thelr own money0 1the money paid by subsequent investors,rather than from profit earned by the individual or orga nizationrunning the operation.庞氏骗局3.Definition:It is a stock market index and one of the several indices created by W all Street Jour nal editors and Dow Jones&Company co- founder Charles Dow.The industrial averagewas first calculated on May26,1896.Translation:道琼斯工业平均指数4.Definition:It is a company or person that supplies shops and companies with goods. Translation:经销商5.Definition:It is a process of judging officially how an argument should be settled. Translation:仲裁1.Barriers to trade are any action by a govermment to limit or prevent the free flow of goods in an dout of its country.贸易壁垒4.Definition:V enture capital is money made available for investment in innovative enterprises or research.especially in high technology,in which both the risk of loss and the potential for profit may be considerable.Also called risk capital.Translation:风险资本5.Definition:Insurable interest holds that no one may insure anything unless he has and interest i n it.(Whichmeans that if the thing insured is preserved he will derive a benefit from its preservati on,but if it is any way_damaged or lost the assured will be -adversely afet.-)Translation:可保利益2.Definition:Contracting party isаcountry or firm that signs a legalagreement.缔约国3.Definition:Sight draft calls for immediate payment on presentation to the drawee. Translation:及期汇票4.It is a reply to an ofter which conains aditions or other modietaons还盘2.Definition;lt is a kind of standard used to indicate that the quality of the product ffe is about equal to theaverage quality level of the same crop within a certain period of time. Translation:良好平均品质3.Definition:The act of the transferor in transferring a draft to the transferee by making a signatu re on the backof the draft. 背书4.Definition:It is a delivery situation in which when the seller delivers the buyer does not physic ally receive thegoods.This kind of delivery is proved by the submission of transport document by the seller to the buyer.Translation:象征性交货5.Goods are transported directly from the production country to the consuming country.In this ca se,onlv two parties are involved in the transaction,namely the exporter and the importer. Translation:直接贸易。
operation management
Finance
Investments Security Real estate
Marketing
Loans Commercial Industrial Financial Personal Mortgage
Accounting Auditing
Trust Department
Figure 1.1(A)
4.
Table 1.2 (cont.)
1 - 12
Ten Decision Areas
5.
6.
Layout strategy (Ch 9) › How should we arrange the facility? › How large must the facility be to meet our plan? Human resources and job design (Ch 10) › How do we provide a reasonable work environment? › How much can we expect our employees to produce?
Finance/ accounting
Disbursements/ credits Receivables Payables General ledger Funds Management Money market International exchange Capital requirements Stock issue Bond issue and recall
Table 1.2 (cont.)
1 - 15
Significant Events in OM
Figure 1.3
1 - 16
生产英语翻译
生产英语翻译ProductionProduction is the process of manufacturing or creating goods and services. It is an important aspect of any economy as it contributes to the overall growth and development of a country.There are three main types of production: primary, secondary, and tertiary. Primary production involves extracting raw materials directly from natural resources, such as mining minerals or harvesting agricultural crops. Secondary production involves transforming these raw materials into finished products. This includes manufacturing goods in factories or processing agricultural products into food items. Tertiary production involves providing services to consumers. This includes activities such as transportation, banking, education, and healthcare.The production process typically involves several steps. It starts with the identification of a need or demand for a product or service. This can be done through market research and analysis. Once the need is identified, the next step is to design and develop the product. This involves creating prototypes, testing them, and making any necessary improvements. After the product is finalized, the next step is to set up the production facilities and acquire the necessary resources, such as raw materials and machinery.The production process can be divided into two main categories: mass production and customized production. Mass production involves producing large quantities of standardized products using assembly line techniques. This method is often used for productsthat have a high demand and require little or no customization. Customized production, on the other hand, involves producing smaller quantities of personalized products. This method is often used for products that require specific customization according to individual customer preferences.Efficient production requires careful planning and coordination. This includes setting production goals, creating production schedules, and ensuring that all resources are available when needed. It also involves monitoring the production process to identify and resolve any issues or bottlenecks. Quality control is an important aspect of production to ensure that the final products meet the required standards and specifications.In recent years, there has been a growing emphasis on sustainable production. This involves minimizing the negative impact of production on the environment, as well as promoting social and economic sustainability. Sustainable production focuses on reducing waste, conserving resources, and implementing environmentally-friendly practices. It also includes promoting fair working conditions and responsible sourcing of raw materials. Overall, production is a fundamental component of any economy. It contributes to economic growth, job creation, and improved standards of living. However, it is important to ensure that production is carried out in a sustainable and responsible manner to minimize the negative impact on the environment and society.。
Operations Managemen (1)
Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
1-3
Operations Management at Hard Rock Cafe
▶ First opened in 1971
▶ Now – 150 restaurants in over 53 countries
▶ Rock music memorabilia
CURRENT Sales Cost of goods Gross margin Finance costs Subtotal Taxes at 25% $100,000 –80,000 20,000 –6,000 14,000 –3,500
Contribution
$ 10,500
$ 18,000
$ 12,750
Outline
▶ Global Company Profile: Hard Rock Cafe
▶ What Is Operations Management? ▶ Organizing to Produce Goods and Services ▶ The Supply Chain ▶ Why Study OM? ▶ What Operations Managers Do
Operations and Productivity
1
1-1
PowerPoint presentation to accompany Heizer, Render, Munson Operations Management, Twelfth Edition Principles of Operations Management, Tenth Edition PowerPoint slides by Jeff Heyl
Similarities and Differences between Promoting Goods and Promoting Services
Similarities and Differences between Promoting Goods andPromoting ServicesThings sold in markets are usually divided into two sorts, goods and services. Goods are tangible while services are intangible, thus similarities and differences between the promoting of them come into being.Both goods and services are products that merchants want to sell, so the promoting of them has some similar characters. First of all, the purposes of both of them are to stimulate and induce the willingness of buying. And in that way the company or store could improve their sales amount, digest their restored goods, spread their reputation and weaken their components. Secondly, the people concerned with the promoting are almost the same, manufacturer, intermediary and consumer. Manufacturers sell their goods to intermediaries to decrease the cost and expand purchases, and intermediaries make money through the price difference, and consumers buy the goods or services and they are the main targets of the promoting. Thirdly, whether to promote goods or services, the company needs stuff divided into different fields to design promoting plans, organize promoting activities, and distribute the promoting budget. Every link is necessary and inevitable.However, goods are tangible objectives but services are intangible actions, so when it comes to details in promoting there are differences between them. Firstly, before buying goods consumers can learn some physical qualities by reading, listening, tasting, smelling or touching, but services are just like promise which can never be really felt when consumers buy them. Secondly, because of the intangible are difficult to depict, it’s hard to definite a standard for service industries, while there are varieties of criteria for the size, material, quality of goods. Consequently, it’s quite more difficult for service providers to describe their service quality levels. Last but not the least, goods can be stored in storehouse but services cannot, so the price change of service is fiercer. In quarters that some kinds of services are desperately needed, the price of them would increase obviously and when they are not very hot the pricewould decrease a lot. But the price change of goods can be adjusted according to the amount of stored goods.What’s more, the promoting of service is closely related to the promoting of goods such as facility and environment. And the promoting of goods can’t be isolated from the promoting of service like maintenance. They are different from each other but complement each other, and they comprise the consumer products in our social markets jointly.。
制作方法的英文
制作方法的英文Document on the Production Method。
The production method is the process of creating goods and services. It involves a series of steps and activities that transform inputs into outputs. In this document, we will discuss the production method in detail, including its importance, key elements, and best practices.Importance of Production Method。
The production method is crucial for businesses as it directly impacts the quality, cost, and efficiency of their products and services. By understanding and implementing effective production methods, businesses can improve their competitiveness, meet customer demands, and achieve sustainable growth.Key Elements of Production Method。
1. Planning: The first step in the production method is planning. This involves setting production goals, determining resources needed, and creating a production schedule.2. Design: The design phase involves creating a blueprint for the product or service. This includes determining the specifications, materials, and processes required for production.3. Procurement: Procurement is the process of acquiring the necessary materials, equipment, and labor for production.4. Production: The production phase involves the actual manufacturing or delivery of the product or service according to the design and plan.5. Quality Control: Quality control is essential to ensure that the products and services meet the required standards and specifications.Best Practices for Production Method。
译文 《商务英语》UNIT1 LOGISTICS(物流)
UNIT I LOGISTICS第一单元物流PART ⅠThe Definition of LogisticsPART Ⅰ物流的定义The introduction of Logistics物流简介[Para1]“Logistics” is a term, which originates from both the army an d French. According to the French, the Baron of Jomini, who of Swiss origin who had served in Napoleon’s army before joining the Russians and who later founded the Military Academy of St. Petersburg, first used the term in the early 19th century. So in a m ilitary sense, the term ‘logistics’ encompasses transport organization, army replenishments and material maintenance.“物流”或“后勤”一词其实源于军队，对其词义解释亦有多个不同版本，根据法国人阐述之词义，该词早于十九世纪初被祖文尼男爵率先采用。
祖文尼是一名原藉瑞士的军官，他在投奔俄罗斯军队之前在拿破伦军中服役，其后一手创立“圣彼得堡军事学院”。
就军事意识而言，物流管理―词意即运输编制、军队补给和物料保养。
[Para2] In the business world however, the concept of “logistics” was applied solely to “Material Replenishment Programs” (MRP) and was confined to the manufacturing sector at the beginning. Therefore the extension of the concept to involve company operations is a relatively new one and the earliest usage dates back to the 1950s in the USA.然而在商务界中，“物流管理”的概念仅仅用于“物料需求计划”，并且最初是在制造业的部门开始使用。
业务描述英文范文
业务描述英文范文Business DescriptionOur company is a leading provider of high-quality and innovative goods and services in the technology industry. We specialize in the design, development, and distribution of cutting-edge software and hardware products for both individual consumers and businesses.Our portfolio includes a wide range of software solutions, such as productivity tools, entertainment applications, security software, and specialized programs for various industries. We also offer a variety of hardware devices, including smartphones, tablets, laptops, and smart home appliances.In addition to our products, we provide comprehensive services to ensure that our customers receive the best possible experience. Our dedicated customer support team is available 24/7 to assist with any inquiries or issues that may arise. We also offer training and consulting services to help businesses make the most of our software and hardware solutions.We have a strong commitment to innovation and are constantly researching and developing new technologies to stay ahead of the competition. Our industry leading R&D team is focused on creating groundbreaking products that provide value and convenience to our customers.Customer satisfaction is our top priority, and we continuously strive to exceed expectations. We have built a reputation for exceptional quality, reliability, and user-friendly designs. Ourproducts and services are praised for their functionality, ease of use, and affordability.As a socially responsible company, we are committed to minimizing our environmental impact. We implement sustainable practices throughout our operations and actively support initiatives that promote environmental conservation.Looking ahead, we plan to expand our reach and explore new markets to further grow our business. We will continue to invest in research and development to remain at the forefront of technological advancements. Our goal is to provide innovative solutions that enhance the lives of our customers and contribute to the advancement of the industry as a whole.。
生产运作英文题
生产运作英文题TRUE/FALSE1.One reason to globalize is to learn to improve operations.True (A global view of operations, easy)1.The production process at Hard Rock Café is limited to meal preparation and servingcustomers.False (Global company profile, easy)2.Some of the operations-related activities of Hard Rock Café include designing meals andanalyzing them for ingredient cost and labor requirements.True (Global company profile, easy)3.Operations management is the set of activities that create value in the form of goods andservices by transforming inputs into outputs.True (What is operations management? easy)4.One reason to study operations management is to learn how people organize themselvesfor productive enterprise.True (Why study OM, easy)2.An organization's behavior will be optimized if each of its departments optimizes theirbehaviors independently.False (Developing missions and strategies, easy)5.The operations manager performs the management activities of planning, organizing,staffing, leading, and controlling of the OM function.True (What operations managers do, easy)6."How much inventory of this item should we have?" is within the critical decision area ofquality management.False (What operations managers do, easy)7.Henry Ford is known as the Father of Scientific Management.False (The heritage of operations management, easy)8.Students wanting to pursue a career in operations management will findmultidisciplinary knowledge beneficial.True (Where are the OM jobs? easy)9.Customer interaction is often high for manufacturing processes, but low for services.False (Operations in the service sector, moderate)10.Productivity is more difficult to improve in the service sector.True (The productivity challenge, moderate)11.In the past half-century, the number of people employed in manufacturing has risen onlymodestly, but each manufacturing employee is manufacturing about 20 times as much.True (Operations in the service sector, easy)12. A multinational corporation has extensive international business involvements.True (Global operations strategy options, easy)1.ISO 9000 has evolved from a set of quality assurance standards toward a qualitymanagement system.True (International quality standards, moderate)2.Quality is mostly the business of the quality control staff, not ordinary employees.False (Total quality management, moderate)3.Continuous improvement is based on the philosophy that any aspect of an organizationcan be improved.True (Total quality management, moderate)4.Quality circles empower employees to improve productivity by finding solutionsto work-related problems in their work area.True (Total quality management, moderate)5.Line employees need the knowledge of TQM tools.True (Total quality management, easy)6.The quality of services is more difficult to measure than the quality of goods becauseboth the intangible differences between service products and consumers' intangibleexpectations are poorly defined.True (TQM in services, moderate)1.The goal of a human resource strategy is to manage labor and design jobs so people areeffectively and efficiently utilized.True (Human resource strategy for competitive advantage, easy)2.Equitable pay alone cannot achieve a reasonable quality of work life in an organization.3.True (Human resource strategy for competitive advantage, moderate) Technology,location, and layout decisions are all possible constraints on the human resource strategy.True (Human resource strategy for competitive advantage, moderate)4.Flextime is a system that allows employees, within limits, to determine their own workschedules.True (Labor planning, moderate)5.Job rotation is an example of job enlargement.True (Job design, moderate)6.Job expansion can lead to increased labor cost because of the extra workers hired in theexpansion.False (Job design, moderate)Single choice1、Examples of response to the global environment includea. Boeing's worldwide sales and productionb. Benneton's flexibility in design, production, and distributionc. A Chinese manufacturer, Haier, opening plants in the United Statesd. Ford's partnerships with Volvo and Mazdae. All of the above are examples.e (Introduction, easy)3. A strategy is a(n)a. set of opportunities in the marketplaceb. broad statement of purposec. simulation used to test various product line optionsd. plan for cost reductione. action plan to achieve the missione (Achieving competitive advantage through operations, moderate)12.Which of the following is not an element of the management process?a. controllingb. leadingc. planningd. pricinge. staffingd (What do operations managers do? easy)4.The acronym MNC stands fora. Mexican National Committee (for international trade)b. Maquiladora Negates Competitionc. Maytag- Nestlé Corporationd. Multinational Corporatione. none of the aboved (Global operations strategy options, easy)13.All of the following decisions fall within the scope of operations managementexcept fora. financial analysisb. design of products and processesc. location of facilitiesd. quality managemente. All of the above fall within the scope of operations management.a (What do operations managers do? easy)14.The Ten Critical Decisions of Operations Management includea. Layout designb. Maintenancec. Process and capacity designd. Quality managemente. all of the abovee (Why study OM? easy)15.An operations manager is not likely to be involved ina. the design of products and services to satisfy customers' wants and needsb. the quality of products and services to satisfy customers' wants and needsc. the identification of customers' wants and needsd. work scheduling to meet the due dates promised to customerse. forecasting salesc (What do operations managers do? easy)16.The responsibilities of the operations manager includea. planning, organizing, staffing, procuring, and reviewingb. forecasting, designing, planning, organizing, and controllingc. forecasting, designing, operating, procuring, and reviewingd. planning, organizing, staffing, leading, and controllinge. designing and operatingd (What do operations managers do? easy)17.Typical differences between goods and services do not includea. cost per unitb. ability to inventory itemsc. timing of production and consumptiond. customer interactione. knowledge contenta (Operations in the service sector, moderate)18.One new trend in operations management isa. global focusb. mass customizationc. empowered employeesd. rapid product developmente. All of the above are new trends in operations management.e (Exciting new trends in operations management, moderate)19.The Dulac Box plant produces 500 cypress packing boxes in two 10-hour shifts. What isthe productivity of the plant?a. 25 boxes/hrb. 50 boxes/hrc. 5000 boxes/hrd. none of the abovee. not enough data to determine productivitya (The productivity challenge, moderate)20.Which of the following inputs has the greatest potential to increase productivity?a. laborb. globalizationc. managementd. capitale. none of the abovec (The productivity challenge, moderate)7.Because various employment laws now require it, "equal pay for equal work" is nolonger an ethical concern in the work environment.False (Ethics and the w ork environment, moderate)8.The objective of a human resource strategy is toa. produce the demand forecast at lowest labor costb. match employment levels with demandc. achieve a reasonable quality of work life at low costd. manage labor and design jobs so people are effectively and efficiently utilizede. all of the aboved (Human resource strategy for competitive advantage, moderate)9.Job rotation is an example ofa. job enrichmentb. job schedulingc. job trainingd. job enlargemente. job incentived (Job design, moderate)10.When a worker has a say in the work methods that he/she wishes to utilize, his/her job ischaracterized bya. skill varietyb. job identityc. job significanced. feedbacke. autonomye (Job design, moderate)11.Which of the following statements describes job rotation?a. The job contains a larger number of similar tasks.b. The job includes some planning and control necessary for job accomplishment.c. The operator works on different shifts on a regular basis.d. The operator's schedule is flexible.e. The operator is allowed to move, for example, from one type of CNC machine to theother.e (Job design, moderate)12.The difference between job enrichment and job enlargement is thata. enlarged jobs involve vertical expansion, while enriched jobs involve horizontalexpansionb. enriched jobs enable an employee to do a number of boring jobs instead of just onec. job enlargement is more psychologically satisfying than job enrichmentd. job enrichment is suitable for all employees, whereas job enlargement is note. enriched jobs involve vertical expansion, while enlarged jobs involve horizontalexpansione (Job design, moderate)7."Making it right the first time" isa. an unrealistic definition of qualityb. a user-based definition of qualityc. a manufacturing-based definition of qualityd. a product-based definition of qualitye. the definition proposed by the American Society for Qualityc (Defining quality, moderate)8.Which of the following is not one of the major categories of costs associated withquality?a. prevention costsb. appraisal costsc. internal failuresd. external failurese. none of the above; they are all major categories of costs associated with qualitye (Defining quality, moderate)9.Inspection, scrap, and repair are examples ofa. internal costsb. external costsc. costs of dissatisfactiond. prevention costse. societal costsa (Defining quality, moderate)10.The philosophy of zero defects isa. the result of Deming's researchb. unrealisticc. prohibitively costlyd. an ultimate goal; in practice, 1 to 2% defects is acceptablee. consistent with the commitment to continuous improvemente (Total quality management, moderate)11.ISO 9000 seeks standardization in terms ofa. productsb. production proceduresc. suppliers' specificationsd. procedures to manage qualitye. all of the aboved (International quality standards, moderate)12.Which of the following is true about ISO 14000 certification?a. It is not a prerequisite for ISO 9000 certification.b. It deals with environmental management.c. It offers a good systematic approach to pollution prevention.d. One of its core elements is life-cycle assessment.e. All of the above are true.e (International quality standards, moderate)13.To become ISO 9000 certified, organizations musta. document quality proceduresb. have an onsite assessmentc. have an ongoing series of audits of their products or serviced. all of the abovee. none of the aboved (International quality standards, moderate)14.The goal of inspection is toa. detect a bad process immediatelyb. add value to a product or servicec. correct deficiencies in productsd. correct system deficienciese. all of the abovea (The role of inspection, moderate)SHORT ANSWER21.Why are organizations becoming more global?Organizations are becoming more global with the decline in the cost of communication and transportation. Additionally, resources--material, talent, and labor--are also becoming more global. (Exciting new trends in operations management)22.What is a knowledge society?A knowledge society is one in which much of the labor force has migrated frommanual work to work based on knowledge. (The productivity challenge,moderate)5.What is the difference between a firm's mission and its strategy?A firm's miss ion is its purpose or rationale for an organization’s existence, whereas a firm's strategy is how it expects to achieve its mission and goals. (Developing missions and strategies, moderate)6.How do goods and services differ with regard to handling the quality decision?There are many obj ective quality standards for goods, whereas there are many subjective quality standards for services. (Ten strategic OM decisions, moderate)7.What is the difference between goods and services in terms of their location selection? Manufacturers of goods may need to be located close to raw materials, or labor force. Services, on the other hand, typically are located close to the customer. (Ten Strategic OM decisions, moderate)8.What is SWOT analysis? List its four elements and describe its purpose.The four elements of SWOT are strengths, w eaknesses, opportunities, and threats. Its purpose is to maximize opportunities and minimize threats in the environment, while maximizing the advantages of the organization's strengths and minimizing the weaknesses. (Strategy development and implementation, moderate)Problem23.Susan has a part-time "cottage industry" producing seasonal plywood yard ornaments forresale at local craft fairs and bazaars. She currently works 8 hours per day to produce 16 ornaments.a. What is her productivity?b. She thinks that by redesigning the ornaments and switching from useof a wood glue to a hot-glue gun she can increase her totalproduction to 20 ornaments per day. What is her new productivity?c. What is her percentage increase in productivity?a. 16 ornaments/8 hours = 2 ornaments/hourb. 20 ornaments/8 hours = 2.5 ornaments/hourc. Change in productivity = 0.5 ornaments/hour; percent change = 0.5/2= 25%(The productivity challenge, moderate)。
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Goods that are insensitive to external sources of variation are called robust.
Product and Process Design in Manufacturing
• Quality engineering refers to a process of designing quality into a manufactured good based on a prediction of potential quality problems prior to production.
The success of a firm is driven by the customer benefit packages (CPBs) it offers and how they address both order-qualifying and
order-winning criteria
which all major functions are involved with product development from conception through sales
Quality Function Deployment (House of Quality)
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Quality function deployment (QFD) is
• Design speed is the time it takes from the conception of an idea for a good, service, or CBP until it is available to customers.
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Concurrent engineering is a process in
of use.
Repeatability
Service delivery system design Includes the following: Facility location and layout, The servicescape, Process and job design, Technology and information support systems, and Organizational structure.
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Three types of failures:
• • •
Functional: failure that occurs in a product’s life
due to manufacturing or material defects.
Reliability: failure that occurs after some period
•
Reliability: the probability (a value between 0 and 1)
that a manufactured good, piece of equipment, or system performs its intended function for a stated period of time under specified operating conditions.
DESIGN OF GOODS & SERVICES
Goods & Service Design
What goods and services an organization chooses to offer depends greatly on the organization’s operational capability to produce and deliver them at the appropriate cost and level of quality
Service delivery system design
Servicescape: 3 dimensions
Ambient conditions – manifest by sight, sound, smell, touch, and temperature; five human senses; leather chairs in the lobby; cartoon characters in children’s hospital; music at a coffee shop. Spatial layout and functionality – how furniture, equipment, and office spaces are arranged; also streets, parking lots, stadiums, etc.; law firms, fast food restaurants, hospitals. Signs, symbols, and artifacts – explicit signals that communicate an image of the firm; diplomas hanging on the wall in a medical clinic; company logos and uniforms, artwork, mission statements
Operational Implications of High versus Low Customer Contact Systems
Operational Implications of High versus Low Customer Contact Systems (cont.)
Design Speed
both a philosophy and a set of planning and communication tools that focus on customer requirements in coordinating the design, manufacturing, and marketing of goods or services. QFD fosters improved communication and teamwork among all constituencies in the design process.
Service encounter design
Service encounter design focuses on the
interaction, directly or indirectly, between the service provider and the customer. The Principal dimensions include: Customer contact behavior and skills Service provider selection, development, and empowerment, Recognition and reward, and Service recovery and guarantees.
• Design reviews ensure that all important design objectives are taken into account during the design process.
FMEA: Failure-Mode-and-EffectsAnalysis
• A technique in which each component of a product is listed along with the way it may fail, the cause of failure, the effect or consequence of failure, and how it can be corrected by improving the design. A FMEA can uncover serious design problems prior to manufacturing and improve the quality and reliability of a product considerably.
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Product and Process Design in Manufacturing
• Product and process simplification is the process of trying to simplify designs and reduce complexity an costs and thus improve productivity, quality, flexibility, and customer satisfaction.
Product and Process Design in Manufacturing
• Modular design entails designing goods using modules that can be configured in many different ways, resulting in higher product variety and ease of assembly.
• A focus on improving the environment by better good or service design is often called green manufacturing or green
practices.
Product and Process Design in Manufacturing
An Integrated Framework for Goods and Service Design (slide 1)