雅思小作文常用词汇短语例句同义词整理解析
雅思小作文饼图常用词汇、万能句型、范文整理
雅思小作文饼图常用词汇、万能句型、范文整理一、饼图常用词汇1.占比词汇-account for：占据-constitute：构成-make up：组成-represent：代表-comprise：包括-occupy：占有-consist of：由……组成2.描述数据词汇-significant：显著的-considerable：相当大的-minor：较小的-negligible：可以忽略的-substantial：大量的-slight：轻微的-moderate：适度的3.比较词汇-similar：相似的-different：不同的-compare with：与……相比1-in contrast to：与……形成对比-while：然而-whereas：然而-on the other hand：另一方面4.其他常用词汇-proportion：比例-segment：部分-percentage：百分比-distribution：分布-category：类别-sector：扇形二、饼图万能句型1.开头句型-The pie chart illustrates the proportion of categories in a specific field.-The pie chart provides information about the distribution of various segments.-The pie chart depicts the percentage of different categories in a given context.2.数据描述句型-Category A accounts for a significant proportion of the total, reaching XX%.-XX%of the total is occupied by CategoryB.emiring it the largest segment.2-Category C constitutes a considerable part, comprising XX%of the pie chart.-The proportion of Category D is relatively minor, only accounting for XX%.3.比较句型-In comparison with Category A, Category B has a higher percentage of XX%.-While Category A occupies XX%,Category B represents a larger proportion of XX%.-The distribution of Category C is similar to that of Category D, both comprising XX%.-In contrast to Category A, the percentage of Category B is significantly lower, at XX%.4.总结句型-Overall, the pie chart reveals a clear distribution of categories in the given field.-In summary, the majority of the pie chart is occupied by Category A, followed by Category B.-It can be concluded that Category C and Category D play minor roles in the overall distribution.三、实战演练题目：The pie chart below shows the main reasons for traffic accidents in a particular area. Summarise the3information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.答案：The pie chart illustrates the main reasons for traffic accidents in a specific area. Upon analysis, several key points can be identified.First and foremost, the largest proportion of traffic accidents is caused by driver error, accounting for 45%of the total. This is followed by poor weather conditions, which constitute 25%of the accidents. Vehicle defects and road conditions each occupy 10%of the pie chart, while the remaining 10%is attributed to other factors.In comparison, driver error is the most significant factor, nearly doubling the percentage of poor weather conditions. Meanwhile, vehicle defects and road conditions share the same proportion, both comprising a minor part of the total.Overall, the pie chart reveals that driver error is the primary cause of traffic accidents in the given area, with poor weather conditions being the second most common factor. Other factors, such as vehicle defects and road conditions, play relatively minor roles in the overall distribution.4。
雅思写作小作文词汇与短语整理
雅思写作小作文词汇与短语整理雅思写作小作文词汇与短语，对于雅思写作而言词汇对考生的要求还是比拟高的，所以考前词汇局部一定要做好详细的积累这样考试的时候才会有胜算的把握，给大家整理了雅思写作小作文词汇的详细内容，希望对大家的考试有所帮助，一起来看看吧！雅思写作小作文词汇与短语内容如下：1.表示“主语〞01)图表本身：table、line(bar/pie) chart(graph/diagram)02)数据形式：figures、statistics、information、data03)It形式主语、There be句型2.表示“上升〞和“下降〞01)rise(to)02)increase(to)03)go up (to)04)an upward trend(in)05)fall(to)06)decline(to)07)drop(to)08)a downward trend(in)09)with a rise/drop(etc.)of…10)surge from…to…：猛增11)be…on…the…ris e12)be in decline13)down…(幅度)from...(高)to...(低)14)up…(幅度)from...(低)to...(高)15)rise/increase/drop(etc.) further from...to.../to...16)a rise/drop(etc.) of+百分数/数字=a百分数/数字rise/drop(etc.)17)rise/drop(etc.)+数字/百分数/倍数=rise/drop(etc.)+a record of+数字/百分数3.表示“平稳〞01) remain stable(at)02)stay constant(at)03)maintain the same level(at)04)remain around that figure05)reach a plateau：到达〔上升后的〕平稳期06)no change (in)07) be flat at：平稳在…08) level out at：平稳在…4. 表示“波动〞、“最高值〞和“最低值〞01) hover around：在…徘徊02) fluctuate around/at：在…波动〔点〕03) fluctuate between...and...：在…波动〔范围〕04) rise and drop (between…and…)：起伏〔在…之间〕05) peak at：在…到达最大值06) hit a peak(of…)07) reach the highest point at：在…到达最大值08) reach a bottom at：在…到达最低值09) reach the lowest point at：在…到达最低值5. 表示“变化程度〞01) dramatic → dramatically：巨大02) significant → significantly：巨大03) moderate → moderately：适度04) slight → slightly：微小05) minimal → minimally：极其微小6. 表示“变化速度〞01) sudden → suddenly：突然02) rapid → rapidly：快速03) steady → steadily：平稳04) gradual → gradually：逐渐7. 表示“说明〞01) show02) illustrate03) describe04) unfold05) reveal8. 表示“大约〞01) about02) nearly03) around04) approximately。
写好雅思小作文 你必定常常用到的词汇和表达
1、趋势类词汇上升动词类：increase, go up, rise up, grow up, jump up, surge, shoot up, keep an upward tendency下降动词类：decrease, go down, decline, fall down, drop, sink, dip, keep a downward tendency波动动词类：fluctuate持平动词类：remain the same, stabilize, remain stable, remain constant修饰动词的副词：slightly 轻微地，slowly 缓慢地，gradually 逐渐地，steadily 稳定地，rapidly 迅速地，moderately 温和地，轻微地，significantly 明显地，sharply 明显地，dramatically急剧地，drastically 急剧地上升名词类：increase, rise, growth, jump, surge下降名词类：decrease, decline, fall, reduction, drop波动名词类：fluctuation修饰名词的形容词：slight, slow, gradual, steady, rapid, moderate, significant, sharp, dramatic, drastic2、极值类词汇和表达最高点：reach the peak/top/highest pointIncrease to the peak/top/highest point(所有上升类的动词都可以替换掉increase)最低点：reach the bottom/lowest pointdrop to the bottom/lowest point(所有下降类的动词都可以替换掉drop)占的最多：occupy/make up/take up/account for the largest proportion/number/percentage of …占的最少：occupy/make up/take up/account for the smallest proportion/number/percentage of …3、倍数的表达方式Double 是两倍/大一倍Increase/decrease three times 增长/减少了三倍4、大约的表达方式About/around + 数字数字+ or soApproximately + 数字5、常用的小作文的趋势句式表达句式一：变化主体/图画中主体+趋势动词+副词+时间区间Eg: The number of aged people over 65 increased significantly from 1940-2000.The number of aged people over 65 dropped slightly from 1960-1980.The number of aged people over 65 fluctuated between 1 million and 1.2million from 1940-1950.The number of aged people over 65 remained stable from 1930-1940.句式二：There be + 形容词+ 表示趋势的名词+ in+ 变化的主体+ 时间区间Eg: There was an significant increase in the number of aged people over 65 from 1940-2000.There was a slight decline in the number of aged people over 65 from 1960-1980.There was a fluctuation between 1 million and 1.2 million from 1940-1950.苏州北京雅思地址：总校地址:苏州市干将西路305号荣利大厦4-6层热线电话：65226422园区校址:园区苏州大道西229号尼盛尚品汇3楼热线电话：65129512。
雅思写作中的万能句子和同义词
雅思写作中的万能句子和同义词雅思写作中的万能句子和同义词在雅思写作过程中，可以使用下面的万能句子，对于写作用词，为了避免重复，可以使用一些同义词。
万能句子：1. Yet little has been done to solve this problem worldwide.2. To make one final point,3. As we are all aware4. has long been an issue debated mainly in around the world.5. One example is that6. Conversely7. The final point that I would like to make is that8. Likewise, it is no longer required that nor is it9. at all costs10.What is important to remember is that11.preservation and protection12.In this increasingly global world,同义词的使用：解决：solve, resolve, deal with, cope with, handle, tackle消除：get rid of, eradicate, eliminate依赖：rely on, depend on, count on十分：very much, immensely, hugely, largely, greatly, enormously, tremendously损害：damage, hurt, injure, harm, impair给予：give, offer, render, impart, provide。
雅思写作常见同义词归纳总结
〔一〕雅思写作常见同义词/近义词归纳总结解决(动词)：Solve, deal with, cope with, handle, settle, resolve, address, tackle问题〔名词〕: problem, matter, issue事件〔名词〕: incident, affair, event教育〔名词〕: education, schooling经济上的〔形容词〕: economic, financial释放〔动词〕: relieve，emancipate压力〔名词〕: stress, pressure, strain,强调〔动词〕: lay stress on, lay emphasis on, emphasize, accentuate, put the accent on 忽略(有意)〔动词〕: ignore, turn a deaf ear to忽略〔无意〕〔动词〕: neglect意识〔名词〕: awareness〔外界信号所产生的〕, consciousness〔自我的〕进步〔动词〕: raise, facilitate, promote, boost up, enhance完善〔动词〕: better, improve根本的〔形容词〕: basic, fundamental,损害〔动词〕：Damage, hurt, injure, harm, undermine，spoil给与〔动词〕：Give, offer, render, impart, provide, supply, afford培养〔动词〕：Develop, cultivate, foster优势〔名词〕：Advantage, merit, virtue, benefit, strength, edge缺陷〔名词〕：Disadvantage, demerit, drawback, downside, weakness大于，胜于〔动词〕：outweigh, overshadow利弊兼有〔名词〕：pros and cons使迷惑〔动词〕：Puzzle, bewilder, perplex, baffle重要的〔形容词〕：Key, crucial, critical, important, significant, vital, substantial, indispensable, imperative认为〔动词〕： believe, insist, maintain, hold, argue, be convinced, be firmly convinced, be fully convinced保护〔动词〕：Protect, conserve, preserve确保〔动词〕：Assure, ensure, guarantee有害的〔形容词〕：harmful, detrimental有益的〔形容词〕：Useful, helpful, beneficial, profitable, rewarding，advantageous帮助(名词): help, assistance要求〔名词〕：Request, demand, needs, requisition消除〔动词〕：Eliminate, clear, remove, clear up, take away导致〔动词〕：Lead to, bring about, result in, cause, generate, trigger, give rise to因此〔连词〕：therefore, thus, consequently, as a consequence, accordingly, as a result, 声称〔动词〕：Allege, assert, declare, claim发生〔动词〕：Happen, occur, take place原因〔名词〕：Reason, factor, cause开展〔名词〕：Development, advance, progress影响〔名词〕：Influence, impact, effect强加〔动词〕: impose…on, exert …on, put …on, place…on明显的〔形容词〕：Clear, obvious, evident, manifest, apparent事实上：in practice，essentially，in essence，in reality，as a matter of fact，it is a fact that换言之：Namely，that is to say，in other words，to put it like this，to put it differently，to put it from another way，to put it from another angle比方： such as〔A, B and so on〕, say (A), as it did in the case of,拥有： enjoy, possess, have不可否认的是/毫无疑问的是：undoubtedly, there is no doubt that…, there is no denying that…, undeniably据说：it is said that…, it is reported that…责任〔名词〕： responsibility, obligation承担〔动词〕： undertake, bear, shoulder, take容易受到影响：be exposed to…, be vulnerable to…心理上的/精神上的〔形容词〕： psychological, mental事实上〔副词〕： indeed, actually总而言之： to sum up, in summary, to conclude展示〔动词〕：Show, reveal, illustrate, demonstrate, depict, present, represent, describe增长至〔动词〕：Grow to，rise to，increase to，go up to，climb to，ascend to，jump to，shoot to降低至〔动词〕：fall to，decline to，decrease to，drop to，go down to，reduce to，slump to，descend to，保持稳定〔动词〕：remain stable，remain steady，be stable，maintain the same level，remain unchanged，stay constant， level off，stabilize，keep its stability，even out急剧地〔副词〕：Dramatically，drastically，sharply，hugely，enormously，steeply，substantially，considerably，significantly，markedly，surprisingly，strikingly，radically，remarkably，noticeably平稳地〔副词〕：Steadily，smoothly，slightly，slowly，marginally，gradually，moderately，mildly占〔动词〕：Comprise, take up, account for, constitute, consist of, make up, occupy, hold, compose与…相比：Compared with，in comparison with，in comparison to，by comparison with比照而言：By contrast，in contrast，on the other hand，on the contrary=，conversely 大约(副词)：Approximately，almost，about，around，nearly，roughly波动〔动词〕：Fluctuate，go ups and downs，display a fluctuation，demonstrate a fluctuation〔二〕雅思阅读捷径：同义交换词和考点雅思阅读题目出题的本质是三种交换：同义词/词组交换，句型交换，语法交换。
(完整版)雅思小作文常用词汇和套句汇总
雅思小作文常用词汇和套句汇总Ⅰ、开头结尾段常用词汇句型一、开头段常用词汇：“显示”“表明”“说明”——show, give, reveal, present, describe, depict, demonstrate, illustrate, indicate, reflect。
领域 area/aspect/field/region/sphere二、开头常用句式1. 根据这幅图我们可以看出According to the chart, it is clear that…2. 这幅图描述了…在…（时间起始）的数量变化 the chart shows thechanges in the number of sth. over the period from …to …(between…and…)3. 从这幅图我们看到从..到..的数据变化 the chart shows the changes inthe number of sth. over the period from… to …三、结尾常用句式在研究了这幅图之后，我们了解到 when we study the chart, it is apparent that1) We can conclude from the table that...2) In short ( = In brief), ...3) In conclusion, ...4) To conclude, it seems clear that...5) From the table/diagram, we can see...6) As can be seen from the chart/table/diagram, ...7) It is clear/apparent from the chart/graph/table/diagram that...Ⅱ、各种图表常见词汇及句型一、饼状图（Pie chart）1. 常用词1)名词：◆percentage百分比◆proportion份额2)动词：占：Comprise ,make up, constitute, account for, take up，consume占(份额), occupy, composeis divided into…parts分为……部分consist of/ be comprised of 由…构成consume the larges/smallest portion占最大/小的份额与…相比较compare/comparison/by contrast/ in sharp contrast to比…多outnumber/exceed3）短语及副词与…相反on the contrary几分之几one half/ one third/ one fifth/ two thirds/ two fifths大约、大概about/around/almost/nearly/roughly/approximately分别/各自respectively与…相比：Compared with，compared to，in comparison with，in comparison to，by comparison with，by comparison to2. 常用套句1)The graph, presented in a pie chart, shows the general trend in…该图以饼图形式描述了……总的趋势。
雅思写作高频词汇和替换词
雅思写作高频词汇和替换词雅思写作高频词汇和它们的替换词汇总一文汇总了雅思大作文小作文中常消失的高频词汇以及这些高频词汇的近义词同义词。
下面我就和大家共享雅思写作高频词汇和它们的替换词，盼望能够关心到大家，来观赏一下吧。
雅思写作高频词汇和它们的替换词1. 通用类词汇在雅思大作文中，最为常用的词汇包含有：如形容词“重要的”“有益的”，动词“认为”“获得”，和名词“优点”“缺点”等，这些词汇无论放在哪篇大作文写作中，基本都可以使用到。
详细来说，当我们表达支持某一方观点的时候，一般会在主题句形容这件事儿是“重要的”(important=essential=crucial等)，“有益的”(beneficial=advantageous 等)，这时候就需要用到相应替换词汇，如括号内所示。
再如，表达一部分人“认为...”的时候，往往也可以用到以下替换词：argue=insist=claim=hold the view等。
这些高频使用的词汇，我们把它称为通用类词汇，这类词汇会在雅思VIP课堂上总结给学员。
2.话题类词汇雅思大作文另一类常用词汇，是结合各类话题而绽开的，包含有最常考的例如“教育类话题”“科技类话题”“政府类话题”等十大话题。
围绕这些话题，老师会为同学分类总结高频词汇和短语，如教育类话题中，有关课程的词汇“必修课”(compulsory subjects)“选修课”(selective subjects)，“课外活动”(extra-curriculum activities)等，有关学习过程的词汇“进展制造力”(develop creativity)，“满意共性化需要”(be tailored to their needs)，“全面进展”(rounded development)等。
和有关学习效果的词汇“激发学习爱好”(stimulate the enthusiasm for study )，“提高学习效率”(enhance learning efficiency)和“发挥潜力”(reach their full potential)等等，充分供学员在雅思教育类话题中使用，开展自己的写作，在此就不一一举例了。
雅思写作真经词汇和例句
雅思写作真经词汇和例句【导语】雅思写作是检验考生英语表达能力和逻辑思维的重要环节。
掌握一些真经词汇和经典例句，有助于提升文章质量，赢得高分。
以下整理了一些雅思写作真经词汇及例句，供大家参考。
一、雅思写作真经词汇cation 教育类- facilitate 促进- transmission 传授- curriculum 课程- counterparts 同龄人2.Environment 环境类- sustainable 可持续的- conservation 保护- ecosystem 生态系统- carbon footprint 碳足迹3.Technology 科技类- innovation 创新- automation 自动化- cyber space 网络空间- artificial intelligence 人工智能4.Culture 文化类- diversity 多样性- heritage 遗产- preservation 保留- globalization 全球化二、雅思写作经典例句cation 教育类- Education should facilitate the development of individuals" potential rather than merely transmit knowledge.教育应促进个人潜能的发展，而不仅仅是传授知识。
2.Environment 环境类- It is crucial to take measures to achieve sustainable development and conservation of the environment.采取实现可持续发展和环境保护的措施至关重要。
3.Technology 科技类- The rapid development of technology has led to automation and innovation in various fields.科技的快速发展导致了各个领域的自动化和创新。
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小作文整理过去past in times past 在过去; in past years/centuries/ages former in former times 从前; former glory/boss…old the old days; old school母校; old house 以前的房子previous 多用于虚物marriageearlierprior 多用于虚物arrangement/notcicepreceding the years preceding……之前的几年ancient 古代现在current yearcurrentpresent, present day present situation; at the present time 目前existent 现行的存在的TimeIn/around 1990From 2009 onwards/backwards 2009年以前/以后Over the ten-year period between…In the following+时间Since the early 1990sPrepsIncrease from 10 to 20Reach a peak at/of/with …Drop by…, a decrease of…雅思小作文模板句必备50句型A1.the table shows the changes in the number of...over the period from...to... 该表格描述了在...年之...年间...数量的变化。
2.the bar chart illustrates that... 该柱状图展示了...3.the graph provides some interesting data regarding...该图为我们提供了有关...有趣数据。
4.the diagram shows (that)... 该图向我们展示了...5.the pie graph depicts (that)....该圆形图揭示了...6.this is a cure graph which describes the trend of...这个曲线图描述了...的趋势。
7.the figures/statistics show (that)... 数据(字)表明...8.the tree diagram reveals how... 该树型图向我们揭示了如何...9.the data/statistics show (that)... 该数据(字)可以这样理解...10.the data/statistics/figures lead us to the conclusion that... 这些数据资料令我们得出结论...11.as is shown/demonstrated/exhibited in the diagram/graph/chart/table...如图所示...12.according to the chart/figures... 根据这些表(数字)...13.as is shown in the table... 如表格所示...14.as can be seen from the diagram, great changes have taken place in...从图中可以看发生了巨大变化。
...出，15.from the table/chart/diagram/figure, we can see clearly that...or it is clear/apparent fromthe chart that... 从图表我们可以很清楚(明显)看到...16.this is a graph which illustrates... 这个图表向我们展示了...17.this table shows the changing proportion of a & b from...to... 该表格描述了...年到...年间a与b 的比例关系。
18.the graph, presented in a pie chart, shows the general trend in... 该图以圆形图形式描述了...总的趋势。
19.this is a column chart showing... 这是个柱型图，描述了...20.as can be seen from the graph, the two curves show the fluctuation of... 如图所示，两条曲线描述了...的波动情况。
21.over the period from...to...the...remained level. 在...至...期间，...基本不变。
22.in the year between...and... 在...年到...期间...23.in the 3 years spanning from 1995 through 1998... 1995年至1998三年里...24.from then on/from this time onwards...从那时起...25.the number of...remained steady/stable from (month/year) to (month/year). ...月(年)至...月(年)...的数量基本不变。
26.the number sharply went up to... 数字急剧上升至...27.the percentage of...stayed the same between...and... ...至...期间...的比率维持不变。
28.the figures peaked at...in(month/year) ...的数目在...月(年)达到顶点，为...29.the percentage remained steady at... 比率维持在...30.the percentage of...is sightly larger/smaller than that of... ...的比例比...的比例略高(低)。
31.there is not a great deal of difference between...and... ...与...的区别不大。
32.the graphs show a threefold increase in the number of... 该图表表明...的数目增长了三倍。
33....decreased year by year while...increased steadily. ...逐年减少，而...逐步上升。
34.the situation reached a peak(a high point at) of[%]. ...的情况(局势)到达顶(高)点，为...百分点。
35.the figures/situation bottomed out in... 数字(情况)在...达到底部。
36.the figures reached the bottom/a low point/hit a trough. 数字(情况)达到底部(低谷)。
37.a is ...times as much/many as b. a是b的...倍。
38.a increased by... a增长了...39.a increased to... a增长到...40.high/low/great/small/ percentage. 比低高(低)41.there is an upward trend in the number of... ...数字呈上升趋势。
42.a considerable increase/decrease occurred from...to... ...到...发生急剧上升。
43.from...to...the rate of decrease slow down. 从...到...，下降速率减慢。
44.from this year on，there was a gradual decline reduction in the...,reaching a figure of... 从这年起，...逐渐下降至...45.be similar to... 与...相似46.be the same as... 与...相同47.there are a lot similarities/differences between...and... ...与...之间有许多相似(不同)之处48.a has something in common with b a于b有共同之处。
49.the difference between a and b lies in... a与b之间的差别在于...50...(year)witnessed/saw a sharp rise in... ...年...急剧上升。
雅思写作中同义词的运用要提高雅思作文的分数，靠复杂的句式和生僻词不是唯一的方法，我们可以采用同义词替换让文章显得更加活泼、有变化。
本文列举了36个同义词和短语的替换方法，希望大家可以熟记。
1 重要的：Key（关键）, crucial（关键）, +factor issue decision point importance, it is crucial that…critical, important,significant（意义重大,明显）, significant discovery, it is significant that 很明显……vital（必要）, indispensable（必不可少,不可或缺）, the vitamins that are vital for health, it is vital thatsubstantial（大量）,imperative（迫切的）2 损害：Damage, hurt, injure, harm, impair, undermine, jeopardize3 给与：Give, offer, render, impart, provide, supply, afford4 培养：：Develop, cultivate, foster5 优势：Advantage, merit, virtue, benefit, upside, strength6 缺陷：Disadvantage, demerit, drawback, downside, weakness7 使迷惑：Puzzle, bewilder, perplex, baffle8 解决: Solve, deal with, cope with, handle, resolve, address, tackle9 认为：Think, believe, insist, maintain, assert, conclude, deem, hold, argue, be convinced, befirmly convinced, be fully convinced10 保护：Protect, conserve, preserve11 确保：Assure, ensure, guarantee, pledge12 有害的：Bad, baneful evil, harmful, detrimental13 要求：Request, demand, needs, requisition14 消除：Eliminate, clear, remove, clear up, take away, smooth away15 导致：Lead to, bring about, result in, cause, spark off, conduce to, procure, induce, generate16 因此：So, therefore, thus, hence, consequently, as a consequence, accordingly, as a result, because of this, as a result of this17 增长至：Grow to，rise to，increase to，go up to，climb to，ascend to，jump to，shoot to18降低至：Dip to，fall to，decline to，decrease to，drop to，go down to，reduce to，slump to，descend to，sink to，slide to19保持稳定：Level out，do not change，remain stable，remain still，remain steady，be stable，maintain the same level，remain unchanged，be still，remain the same level，stay constant，keepat the same level，level off，stabilize，keep its stability，even out20 急剧地：Dramatically，drastically，sharply，hugely，enormously，steeply，substantially，considerably，significantly，markedly，surprisingly，strikingly，radically，remarkably，vastly，noticeably21平稳地：Steadily，smoothly，slightly，slowly，marginally，gradually，moderately，mildly22 宣称：Allege, assert, declare, claim23 发生：Happen, occur, take place24 原因：Reason, factor, cause25 发展：Development, advance, progressadvantageous，Useful, helpful, beneficial, profitable, rewarding有益的：2627 影响：Influence, impact, effect28 明显的：Clear, obvious, evident, self-evident, manifest, apparent, crystal-clear29 占：Comprise, take up, account for, constitute, consist of, make up, occupy, hold, compose30 与…相比：Compared with，compared to，in comparison with，in comparison to，by comparison with，by comparison to31 对比而言：By contrast，in contrast，on the other hand，on the contrary=，conversely32 展示：Show, reveal, illustrate, demonstrate, depict, present, represent, describe33 大约：Approximately，almost，about，around，nearly，roughly34 换言之：Namely，that is to say，in other words，to put it like this，to put it differently，to putit from another way，to put it from another angle.35 事实上：Practically，in practice，essentially，in essence，in reality，in effect，in fact，as a matter of fact，it is a fact that36 波动：Fluctuate，go ups and downs，display a fluctuation，demonstrate a fluctuation。