高三英语名词和冠词

第一讲名词和冠词

命题者说：名词的考查主要包括名词的辨析、单复数、名词的固定搭配、名词的格、名词在特殊语境中的应用、名词的熟词生义等。

名词词义辨析

(Ⅰ) 示之以范1．(2019·江苏卷)Nowadays the ________ for travelling is shifted from shopping to food and scenery.

A．priority B．Potential C．proportion D．pension

2．(2018·江苏卷)Try to understand what’s actually happening instead of acting on the ________ you’ve made.

A．assignment B．association C．acquisition D．assumption

Ⅱ通关点击

名词词义辨析主要考查考生对基本词汇的掌握程度和名词在具体语境中的运用。常见考查形式有：异义词辨析、同义词辨析和近义词辨析。在做题时，先弄清题中每个名词的意义及用法，然后根据语境选择符合句意的名词。

常考的几组名词辨析有：

1．cause，reason，excuse

2．award，reward，prize

3．sight，view，scene，scenery

4．anger，rudeness，regret，panic

5．condition，situation，state，position

6．reputation，influence，impression，attention

7．expectation，reputation，contribution，civilization

8．accommodation，occupation，adaptation，appreciation

在高考词义辨析题中，有一种“熟词生义”题型，即题目中所填的词是考生所熟悉的，但所考查的含义却是不常见的。这就要求考生在掌握单词基本词义的基础上，善于结合不同的语境去体会、感悟单词的含义。

常用名词的熟义和生义

名词熟义生义

failure 失败；故障衰弱，减退

performance 表演，演出表现；成绩

strength 体力，力量优势，长处

point 点；要点；地点意义

honor 荣誉；信用尊重

form 形式表格

cause 原因事业

practice 实践；练习惯例，常规做法

knowledge 知识知道，了解

Ⅲ变式训练

1．(天津卷)The weather forecast says it will be cloudy with a slight ________ of rain later tonight.

A．effect B．sense C．change D．chance

2．(2019·江苏名校高三摸底)Widespread ________ about the worsening of environment caused by abandoned plastics has led Collins to name “single-use”as its English-language Word of the Year.

A．doubt B．concern C．complaint D．confusion

名词的搭配

1．(2019·天津卷)We can observe that artificial intelligence has already made a(n) ________ on our lives in many ways.

A．statement B．impact C．impression D．judgment

2．(江苏卷)Tom always goes jogging in the morning and he usually does push-ups too to stay ________．

A．in place B．in order C．in shape D．in fashion

高考考查名词构成的固定搭配主要有两类：“介词＋名词”和“动词＋名词”。常考的名词短语：

(1)out of one’s reach在某人够不到的地方

beyond recognition 无法辨认

in great demand 需求量很大

in progress 在进行中

out of question 不成问题；无疑

of great value(＝very valuable) 非常有价值的

(2)have/gain access to 可以获得

gain/have an advantage over 胜过，优于

take advantage of 利用，趁……之机

pay attention to 注意

make the best of 充分利用，妥善处理

find fault with 挑……的错；吹毛求疵

keep pace with 与……同步

put an end to 结束……

take notice of 注意到

take...into account 考虑……

catch sight of 看见

have a good reputation 有个好名声

make a difference 有影响；有关系

下列固定搭配中名词用复数形式：make preparations for为……做准备；take pains to do 尽力，刻苦；make (both) ends meet使收支相抵；take turns to do轮流；be in high spirits兴致勃勃；make repairs修理；burst into tears放声大哭；in all directions向四面八方。

1．(浙江卷)Most people work because it’s unavoidable.________，there are some people who actually enjoy work.

A．As a result B．In addition C．By contrast D．In conclusion 2．(湖北卷)When he was running after his brother，the boy lost his ________ and had a bad fall.

A．balance B．chance C．memory D．place

抽象名词具体化

(山东卷)Being able to afford _____drink would be ________comfort in those tough times.

A．the；the B．a；a C．a；不填D．不填；a

抽象名词是表示状态、品质、情感等的名词，通常不与不定冠词连用。但是，当这些抽

象名词表示具体概念时，前面可加不定冠词，用来表示具体的人或物。常译为“一次……的事；一个……的人；一种……东西”。常见的此类名词：

单词抽象名词具体化名词意义

success 成功成功的人或事

pleasure 乐趣令人高兴的事

attraction 吸引有吸引力的人或事物

beauty 美；美丽美丽的人或事物

comfort 安慰；慰藉令人感到安慰的人或事物

danger 危险危险的人或因素

delight 高兴令人高兴的事

failure 失败失败的人或事

surprise 惊奇令人惊奇的事情

shock 震惊令人震惊的事情

experience 经验经历

Ⅲ变式训练 ____________________________________________原则这样提升

1．We need an effective strategy to help children living in________ poverty to have the opportunity to receive________good education.

A．the；/B．the；a C．/；/ D．/；a

2．(2019·南京十校模拟)Life for________disabled in Uganda is difficult，but for children it can be ________ shock that can never be overcome.

A．a；the B．不填；a C．a；不填D．the；a

不定冠词的用法

1．(2017·浙江卷6月)For Pahlsson, its return was a wonder.

2．(全国卷Ⅱ)Give your body and brain a rest by stepping outside for a while, exercising, or doing something you enjoy.

1．在发音以辅音音素开头的单词前用a，在发音以元音音素开头的单词前用an。

a university, a useful animal, a one-eyed dog, a European car, an hour, an honest boy, an X-ray, an ugly man, an honor等。

I earn 10 dollars an hour as a supermarket cashier.

作为一名超市收银员我每小时挣10美元。

2．不定冠词a/an放在单数可数名词前，泛指一个人或一个事物。

They found an apartment in America. They were there for only a month.

他们在美国找到一个公寓，在那里待了仅仅一个月。

3．表示泛指。说话人第一次提及某人或某物时通常用不定冠词。

At that time, I was working in a factory. The factory produces car parts.

那时，我在一家工厂工作。那家工厂生产各种汽车部件。

4．表示量指。不定冠词表示“一”这个数量，但数的概念没有one强烈。

As the old saying goes, “Rome was not built in a day.”

常言道，冰冻三尺，非一日之寒。

5．“a(n)＋序数词”表示“又一，再一”；“a most＋形容词”表示“非常，很”。

He missed the gold in the high jump, but will get a second chance in the long jump.

他在跳高比赛中没有赢得金牌，但是，在跳远比赛中他还有一次(获得金牌的)机会。

He put forward a most useful suggestion at the meeting.

在会议上他提出一个非常实用的建议。

6．具有某些特征、状态或情感的抽象名词在表示具体的概念时，可以与不定冠词连用。如a success一个成功的人或一件成功的事。

The operation is a success and the patient is now out of danger.

手术很成功，病人目前脱离了危险。

7．不定冠词常用在一些固定搭配中。如：

have a rest 休息

have a break 休息

take a walk 散步

have a look 看一看

in a moment 立刻

in a minute 马上

once upon a time 曾经

twice a month 一月两次

a type of 一类

a pile of 一堆

a great amount of 大量的

as a rule 通常

in a hurry 立刻

in a word 总之

in a short while 不久

have a good knowledge of 熟知

1．Society even glorifies “burning the candle at both ends”as _____ sign of our devotion to work and family.

2．https://www.360docs.net/doc/2a12282334.html, Rosa put forward _____ policy that not many teachers gave ______ second thought to at the conference.

定冠词的用法

1．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)This included digging up the road, laying the track and then building a strong roof over ______ top.

2．(江西卷)They chose Tom to be _____ captain of the team because they knew he was a smart leader.

1．特指某人或某事。

The village where I was born has grown into a town.

我出生的那个小村庄已经发展成了一个小镇。

2．用在最高级或序数词前面或由only, very, same等修饰的名词前面。

As is known to all, the People’s Republic of China is the biggest developing country in the world.

众所周知，中华人民共和国是世界上最大的发展中国家。

3．某些形容词、分词前表示一类人或用在姓氏复数前表示一家人，要想到用定冠词。

As far as I know, the Greens are going to move to Beijing.

据我所知，格林一家要搬到北京去。

4．在世界上独一无二的事物，西洋乐器以及发明物的名词前要用定冠词。

The little girl likes to play the violin and often plays it after school.

这个小女孩喜欢拉小提琴，经常放学后演奏。

5．用于the more...the more...(越……越……)结构中。

The more careful you are, the fewer mistakes you will make.

你越小心，就会越少犯错误。

6．定冠词用于固定短语中

make the most/best of充分利用

in the end 最后

by the way 顺便说一下

in the distance 在远处

in the way 挡道

on the whole 总的来说

at the same time 同时

on the other hand 另一方面

to tell the truth 说实话

for the time being 暂时

on the spot 在现场

the other day 前几天

take the place of 代替

1．Chinese brush calligraphy or “shu fa”in Chinese is one of ______ most important art forms in China.

2．Jurassic Park is a movie directed by Steven Spielberg in which _______ hero fights bravely and protects his friends and family from dinosaurs.

零冠词的用法

1．(江西卷)Animals are obviously________lower form of life than________man.

A．a；/ B．the；the C．a；the D．/；/

2．(全国卷Ⅰ)India attained ________independence in 1947，after________ long struggle.

A．不填；a B．the；a C．an；不填D．an；the

1．在不可数名词或可数名词复数前表示泛指不用冠词。

Keeping a diary is a good habit, by which you’ll make great progress.

记日记是一个可以让你取得进步的好习惯。

2．用于与by连用的表示交通工具、通讯工具的名词前。

Are you going there by plane or by ship?

你是乘飞机还是乘船去那里？

3．用于系动词turn后的单数名词作表语时。

After years of hard work, Tom turned engineer while Mary good manager.

多年的努力之后，汤姆成了工程师而玛丽成了一名优秀的经理。

有无冠词意义不同的搭配：

at table在吃饭；at the table在桌子旁

at school在上学；at the school在学校

in hospital/prison住院/坐牢；

in the hospital/prison在医院里/在监狱里

in charge of掌管；in the charge of在……掌管之中

out of question毫无疑问；out of the question不可能

take place发生；take the place of取代

1．In Germany，________successful project，which roughly translates as “adopt a grandparent”，has been running with________great success.

A．a；a B．a；不填C．the；a D．不填；the

2．The peace-making spirit of Nelson Mandela，who was elected ________ president at the age of 76，has won him ________ worldwide respect.

A．/；a B．/；/ C．the；a D．the；/

课堂检测：

Ⅰ单项填空

1．(2018·天津卷)The ________ that there is life on other planets in the universe has always inspired scientists to explore the outer space.

A．advice B．order C．possibility D．invitation

2．(安徽卷)There is no need to tell me your answer now.Give it some ________ and then let me know.

A．thought B．support C．protection D．authority

3．(陕西卷)________ more learned a man is，________ more modest he usually becomes.

A．The；the B．A；a C．The；a D．A；the

4．(湖北卷)He gave himself a new name to hide his ________ when he went to carry out the

secret task.

A．emotion B．talent C．identity D．treasure

5．Although they had different views at first, they reached an ________ between each other eventually.

A．accommodation B．application C．adjustment D．association

Ⅱ用适当的冠词填空

1．(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)I’m walking on a path in the forest in the Central African Republic. Unexpectedly, I’m face-to-face with the gorilla, who begins screaming at _______ top of her lungs. That makes her baby scream, and then a 400-pound male appears.

2．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)As ______ result, people will eat more food to try to make up for that something missing.

3．(全国卷Ⅰ)The nursery team switches him every few days with his sister so that while one is being bottle-fed，____ other is with mum—she never suspects.

4．Then he opened one of his bags and gave me _____ handful of freshly picked cherries，explaining that he had just taken them from his orchard.

5．Later, her role as Queen Amidala in Star Wars made her _____ international superstar.

高考英语语法填空--1冠词

第一集语法填空核心考点考点突破 ——冠词——与名词共生共存【考向聚焦】冠词是虚词，本身不能单独使用，也没有词义，常放在名词前面帮助说明名词的含义。冠词分为不定冠词a，an和定冠词the两种。纵观近三年高考题可知，冠词一直是必考内容。其考查的重点主要有：冠词的基本用法；在固定结构中和具体语境中的用法；冠词的特殊用法；冠词在句子中的位置。对应学生用书P1 用适当的冠词填空 1．(2013?福建，21) The “Chinese Dream” is ________ dream to improve people's wellbeing and ________ dream of harmony，peace and development. 解析考查冠词。根据句意，中国梦是一个……的梦和一个……的梦，可知，两空都用不定冠词a。答案a；a 2．(2013?江西，32)Animals are obviously ________ lower form of life than ________ man. 解析考查冠词。第一空表示“一种生命的形式”；第二空man表“人类”，不用冠词。答案a；不填 3．(2013?山东，22)It was________cold winter night and the moon was shining brightly across________night sky. 解析考查冠词用法。第一空“一个寒冷的冬夜”，应用不定冠词a；第二空“夜

空”，指独一无二的事物用定冠词the。答案a；the 4．(2013?江西，19)Marco Polo is said to have sailed on ________ Pacific Ocean on his way to Java in ________ thirteenth century. 解析考查冠词。第一空指独一无二的事物用the；第二空为固定短语，表示在多少世纪“in the－th century”，需加定冠词。答案the；the 5．(2013?浙江，15)People develop ________ preference for a particular style of learning at ________ early age and these preferences affect learning. 解析考查冠词。短语a preference for...意为“对……的偏好”；at an early age 意为“在年纪很小时”，故均填不定冠词。答案a；an 6．(2013?重庆，32)The parents were shocked by ________ news that their son needed ________ operation on his knee. 解析考查冠词。第一空news后带有that引导的同位语从句，故应该特指；第二空译为“他们的儿子需要做一个手术”，使用不定冠词。答案the；an 7．(2012?新课标全国)Sarah looked at ________ finished painting with ________ satisfaction. 解析考查冠词的用法。句意：Sarah满意地看着那幅完工的油画。根据painting 前的修饰成分finished可知是特指那幅画；后一个空格后的satisfaction是抽象名词并且表示泛指，不用冠词。

英语冠词用法总结(完整)

英语冠词用法总结(完整) 一、单项选择冠词 1．An engineer has designed _______ robot that can work in _______ deep sea to clean waste. A．a; the B．a; a C．/; the D．the; / 【答案】A 【解析】这题考查冠词;第一空填a，泛指“一个机器人”，第二空填the，特指“在深海”，句意是：一个工程师发明的一个机器人可以在深海工作清除废物的。选A。 2．Mr. Brown, ______ chairman of the trade union, will visit our factory in _____ month of May. A．/; the B．a; the C．the; / D．the; the 【答案】A 【解析】这题冠词的用法：第一空不填，因为chairman是职位，第二空填the，是特指5月。选A。 3．----- Do you go to ______ church every Sunday? ----- Yes. I believe _______God blesses me all _____ time. A．the;/; the B．/ ; /; / C．a; /; the D．/; /; the 【答案】D 【解析】考查冠词，第一空不填，表示go to church“去教堂”，第二空不填，上帝前面不加冠词，第三空填the，all the time“一直”，句意是：|你每个星期天做礼拜吗？|是的，我相信上帝会一直保佑我的。选D。 4．_______ meeting held last night was _________ great success. A．A; a B．A ; / C．The ; a D．The ; / 【答案】C 【解析】考查冠词。The meeting为特指昨天晚上举行的会议；success作为成功的人或事，为可数名词，选C。 5．What ________ wonderful time we had at ________ Smiths’ then! A．a; 不填B．a; the C．不填；the D．the; the 【答案】B 【解析】句意：那时我们在史密斯家有一段多么美好的日子呀！第一空：time 在这指日子，时期。是可数名词所以用a,第二空：the+ Smiths,指史密斯一家，所以选B。

高中英语冠词练习题及答案

高中英语语法强化训练(冠词) ( ) report stated that the number of Spanish speakers in the .would be higher than the number of English speaker by_____ year 2090. A.A, the B. A, / C. The ,/ D. The, a ( ) you go by ______train ,you can have quite a comfortable journey ,but make sure you get _____fast one. A. /, / B./, a C. the, a D./,/ ( ) 3. It is often said that ____teachers have _______very easy life. A /,/ B. /,a C. the,/ D. the, a ( ) can’t remember when exactly the Robinsons left _____city ,I only remember it was ______ Monday.。 A.the , the B. a ,the C. a, a D. the, a ( ) you grow up in ______large family ,you are more likely to develop _____ability to get on well with ______others . A. /,an the B. a, the ,/ C. the ,an ,the D. a, the ,the ( ) ,Taylor has ___8-year-old daughter who has _____gift for painting –she has won two national prizes.

(完整版)高中英语冠词练习题及答案

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【英语】高考英语冠词解题技巧及练习题一、单项选择冠词 1．My mother asked me to repeat ________ phone number ________ second time so that she could write it down. A．the; a B．a; a C．a; the D．the; the 【答案】A 【解析】这题考查冠词的用法;第一空填the，特指“那个电话号码”，第二空填a，a second time“再一次”，句意是：我妈妈让我再次重复电话号码这样她就可以记下了。选A。 2．Surprisingly, years back, when playing American Captain in Marvel’s movie universe became ______ possibility, Chris Evans nearly turned ______ role down. A．the; a B．the; the C．a; the D．/; the 【答案】C 【解析】 C句意：令人惊讶的是,几年前,当在电影宇宙中扮演美国队长成为可能的时候,克里斯·埃文斯几乎拒绝了这个角色。第一空填a，表示“一种可能性”，第二空填the，特指“American Captain这个角色”，所以选C。 3．The Jurassic Park is _____ Steven Spielberg movie in which _____ hero fights bravely and protects his friends and family from dinosaurs． A．／；the B．a；the C．／；a D．the；a 【答案】B 【解析】试题分析：考查冠词。句意：The Jurassic Park是一部Steven Spielberg的电影，在这部电影里英雄勇敢地抗击恐龙来保护他的家人和朋友。第一空表示泛指一部电影，填a；第二空表示特指那位英雄，故填the。故选B。考点：考查冠词 4．Last year I had ______ narrow escape from a car crash, and I don’t want to risk my life ______ second time.

高中英语语法复习之冠词

高考英语语法复习之冠词专项高考英语冠词是必考题目之一，单项选择一般设置两个空，短文改错设计一道题。冠词分为不定冠词（a, an），定冠词（ the），和零冠词。冠词常用a/an/the 来说明名词所表示的人或事物，常位于名词之前，故称为冠词。冠词是名词的一种标志，不能脱离名词独立存在 ,不能单独做句子成分 ,故冠词是虚词，题目主要考查冠词在具体语境中的运用，考查内容包括定冠词和不定冠词的用法区别，名词前不用冠词的情况，特指与泛指以及习语中的冠词用法。（1）表示“一”相当于“ one”。I’ll return in a day or two. （2）表示“每”相当于“ per”。 We have three meals a day. （3）表示“同一性”相当于“ the same”。 The children are of an age. （4）表示类指，表示“某类”，“一类人或事”。 He wants to be a doctor. （5）表示泛指，相当于“ any”。 A horse is a useful animal. （ 6）与序数词连用，表示“又一，再一”。 a second foreign language. （ 7）与抽象名词连用，可以表示“一场、一次、一件”用于抽象名词具体化的名词前 a success(具体化) 成功的人或事 a pity 可惜或遗憾的事（8）与物质名词连用，表示“一种，一阵、一份”。 What a heavy rain! What a good supper!（9）用于不可数名词前，表示某一部分，或某一方面的内容介绍。 China with a long history and a population of over 1.3 billion is a developing country. （ 10）用于人名前，或专有名词前，表示不认识此人或与某名人有类似性质的人或事, — Hello, could I speak to Mr. Smith? — Sorry, wrong number. There isn't a Mr. Smith here. （11）用于 so(as, too, how)+ 形容词之后She is as clever a girl as you can wish to meet. （ 12）用于quite, rather, many, half, what, such 之后This room i s rather a big one. （ 13）用于动词短语中，表示短暂性的动作 have a look /walk / break / try / bath give a whistle / laugh / smile / shout take a rest / walk / break / bath make a choice / decision / plan / study （14）用于同源宾语前 dream a good dream / smile a sweet smile / live a happy life （15）用于固定词组中 a couple of, a bit, a great of , a lot of , （ 16）习惯用法，可构成与时间、数量、方式、有关的短语once upon a time, in a hurry