Unit7 What does he look like SectionA 说课稿

合集下载

人教新目标版初中英语七年级下册 Unit 7 What does he look like_la-3 PPT课件

人教新目标版初中英语七年级下册 Unit 7 What does he look like_la-3 PPT课件

tall curly hair
f a
a/h
d
h
e b a e
Zhang Shaohan
Yao Ming
Han Hong
A: what do you look like?
B: I have long straight hair . I’m tall . I’m of
medium
build .
A: what doesshe look like? C: She has short ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้traight hair .
medium build
She is of medium build.
What do you look like? I have … . I’m … . I’m of … . What does he/she look like?
He/she has … . He/she is … .
He/she is of … .
She has short curly hair.
Liu Ye
tall
medium height
short
Wang Bing
Li Hua
She’s tall. She’s of medium height
Zhang Na
Mrs black
Zhang Xuan
Wang Hui
heavy
thin
She is heavy.
curly hair
She has short curly hair.
Liu Ye
tall
medium height
short
Wang Bing
Li Hua

Unit 7 What does he look like

Unit  7  What does he look like

Unit 7 What does he look like?第一课时教案一、教材分析:本课是新目标英语七年级(下)第七单元第一课时(Section A)。

本单元围绕描述人物外貌的话题展开活动。

这一课时着重介绍语言目标What does he look like? He is / has…,让学生学习怎样用英语来描述人的外貌特征,由于该内容接近学生的生活实际,为学生所熟悉,容易引起学生学习兴趣,从而促进学生自主,探究学习,为后面的课时学习打下基础。

二、教学目标:知识目标:1、词汇:名词:hair, height,build,captain,team,bit,joke,形容词: short,curly,straight,high,thin, heavy.2、短语:look like, good一looking,a little bit.3、句型:What does he/she look like? --He/She is tall.What do you look like? --I’m thin.4、语法:What does he/she look like? --He/She is tall.能力目标:通过创设情景,借助多媒体等手段让学生身临其境,采用师生互答、生生互动、对话呈现、短剧表演、语篇表达等形式,来提高学生的语言学习积极性和主动性。

从而培养学生综合运用语言的能力。

情感目标:通过对身边人物的描述,培养学生对父母、亲戚、老师或朋友的喜爱之情,教育学生团结友爱,与朋友融洽相处,培养学生学英语的自信心。

养成良好学习习惯,让学生学会赞美别人。

三、学习策略:注意观察,主动参与,与他人合作,互相帮助,在活动中积极运用所学英语进行表达与交流。

四、教学重点与难点:重点:1. The vocabulary.2、language:What do you look like/ What does he/she look like?难点:1、Use the language to talk about others image.2、The different use of “has”and “is”五、教学步骤:板书设计Unit 7.What does he look like?1.What do you/they look like?---I’m short\tall\of medium height.2.What does he/she look like?---He/She is fat\heavy\thin\of medium build.---He\She has long\short\straight\curly hair. 课后小结:。

七年级英语新目标下册Unit7-What-does-heshe-look-like

七年级英语新目标下册Unit7-What-does-heshe-look-like

2、教材地位和作用:
以人的外貌特征为主线,兼顾交际功能的学习,以一种循 序渐进的生活化的学习程序,引导学生学会用英语介绍自 己或他人的外表特征,本课是本单元的第一课时,注重语 言知识的呈现,为以后作可持续交际奠定基础。
二、教学目标分析
1、语言知识 ①词汇②语法③日常交际用语 2、语言技能 ①能熟练运用What does he look like?句型描述人的外貌特征。
Height
medium build
medium height
thin
medium height
hair
short, black, straight
long, brown, curly
Take out your color pencils and design a new look for yourself in the future.
What does he/she look like?
By Fu yunping
No.1Middle School of Lingxi
一、教材分析
1、教学内容: 本课为Unit 7的第一课,本单元主要学习如何描述人的外 表以及与此相关的形 ②系动词be的用法
②培养表演对话及看图说话能力。
③继续培养听的技能,逐渐掌握听的技巧。 3、情感态度 通过谈论人的外貌特征,能简单地表达自己的观点或好恶,学 会赏识。从而培养,提高学生的审美观。
三、学情分析
新教材重视以人为本,学生的发展是英语课程的
出发点和归宿。根据城镇学校的学生实际情况,对知 识的增、减、删做细心研究,尊重学生现有的知识水 平和认识差异,着眼学生的个性发展,把握整体目标 走向,因此,本课中我挑选了section A:1a,2a,3a,4.sectionB:1a等内容。

Unit7 What does he look like导学案

Unit7  What does he look like导学案

Unit7 What does he look like? (Studying Plan) Designer: Xue Wenyan Name: Times:Period One (Section A 1a-3)【学习目标】1.掌握与描述人的外貌长相有关的词汇2.会简单地描述人物外貌【学习重、难点】1.-What do you look like? -I’m thin.-What does he/she look like? -He/She is tall/of medium height. -What does your friend look like? -She/He has curly hair.2.正确运用have和be来描述人物外貌。

【导学环节】★预习检测:现在你能又快又准地完成下列词汇吗?Words: 1.头发 2.卷曲的(反义词)3.矮的(反义词)4.中等的5.高度6.总是7.重的(反义词)8.体格 9.瘦的 (反义词)Phrases: 1.卷头发 2.长头发__3.直头发4.中等体型5. 看起来像6. 大眼睛7.中等个子8. 一个新朋友9. 在三班★自主探究:预习完SectionA1a-1c之后,快速翻译下列句子。

What does he look like ?She is of medium build.He’s really tall.He has curly hair.★小组合作:总结提问人物外貌的句型:答:(1)sb be(2)sb be of(3)sb have/has★自我回顾1.like :(1)动词,意为 ,句型有,其反义词为;(2)介词,意为,其反义词是。

2.穿(1)wear表示 (2)put on表示 ,此短语属于动介短语,要把介词放,名词放在(3)dress之后一般跟(4)be in之后一般跟的是。

★知识点拨:1.描述人物外貌用be时,之后跟表的词;用have/has时,之后跟表的词。

Unit7_What_does_he_look_like电子教案

Unit7_What_does_he_look_like电子教案

课题Unit7 What does he look like? (period 1)教学目标Learn the words about describing persons’ appearance. Learn how to describe people’s looks.教学过程Step 1 Leading-inT: Look, this is my family photo. Let’s meet them oneby one.(Show a photo of my family.)Step 2 New words1. Present new words.T: Look, this is my mother. she has long hair. Readafter me, long hair, H-A-I-R, hair.Ss: H-A-I-R, hair.(Then look at the pictures of my father and my sisiterand teach the other new words in the same way such as “short hair, curly hair and straight hair.”)T: Look at this man. He is my father. He is very tall. Read after me, tall, T-A-L-L, tall.Ss: T-A-L-L, tall.(Teach the other new words in the same way such as “short, medium height, thin, heavy, medium build”.)2.Practice the new words.T: Look at 1a. Match the new words with the pictures复备as quickily as you can.Step 3 listening.T: Listen to the tape. Work on 1b. Help Amy find herfriendStep4 New drills1. Present the drillsT: I have long, straight hair. I’m of medium height andI’m of medium build. What do you look like?S1:I have …And I’m….(Ask three more students to practice.)T: And what does he look like?S5: He is…, and he has….(Ask three more students to practice.)2.Practice the drillsA: What do you look like?B: I am…, and I have….A: What does he/she look like?B: He/She is…, and He/She has….作业课后反思课题Unit7 What does he look like? (period 2)教学目标To enable students to describe people’s looks correctly. To improve students listening skill.教学过程Step1 GreetingsGreet students as usual.Step2 Review the drillsT: What do you look like?S1: I am…, and I have….T: What does he/she look like?S1: He/She is…, and He/She has….Step 3 Listening practiceT: I have three good friends. They are David, Sally and Pete. Do you know what they look like?T: Look at 2a. Listen and circle “is” or “has” below.(Play the tape and then check the answers.)T: Listen again. Fill in the chart in 2b.复备(Play the tape again and check the answers.)Step 4 PracticeT: Work in pairs. Ask and answer according to 2b.(The students practice the dialogue and then the teacherasks some pairs to practice.)Step5 Pairwork(Show a picture of Lily’s new friend.)T: Look at the picture. She’s Lily’s new friend. Lilywill introduce her to you. Look at 3 and help Lilydescribe her new friend.(Ask students to fill in the blanks.)Ask students to practice this dialogue within severalminutes and then act the dialogue out.Step6 Grammar FocusExplain the important language points.作业Recite the dialogue in P42 3课后反思课题Unit7 What does he look like? (period 3)教学目标Learn to describe people’s looks in different ways.Learn the useful words and expressions about describing persons’appearance.教学过程Step1 GreetingsGreet students as usual.Step2 Present the new words.T: Look at this boy. His name is Jack. He likes soccervery much. He is the captain of the team. He is very popular in his class. He has brown hair.(Then explain “captain, team and brown” to the复备students. Teach them how to read the new words.)T: Look at this girl. She is Tina. She is very funny. She likes telling jokes very much. She is a bit thin. She has beautiful blonde hair. She never stops talking. (Explain “tell jokes, a bit, blonde and stop talking” to the students and teach them how to read the new words.)(Show four pictures of four students.)T: They are in the same class. Read the descriptions of the four classmates. Match them with the pictures in 3a.Step3 PracticeAsk students to match the pictures and check the answers.After explaining some useful words and expressions, ask students to read after the tape.Step 4PairworkT: There are some other classmates here. Can you describe them? Let’s work in pairs. Student A writes the names in the box next to the people in the picture. Student B asks questions to find the people. (The students work in pairs.)Step5 GameDescribe someone in the class. Ask your classmates toguess who you’re describing.T: This person is medium height. She has short hair…Ss:…(First teacher gives an example, then ask a student tocome to the blackboard and describe one person. Askother students to guess who he/she’s describing. )作业课后反思课题Unit7 What does he look like? (period 4)教学目标To enable students to learn other descriptions of persons’appearance.To improve students listening skill.教学过程Step1. Learn the new words(The teacher shows a false beard to the students.)T: Look, this is a beard. Read after me, beard, B-E-A-R-D, beard.(Teach other new words in the way above. “glasses, black hair, blonde hair”)Step2. Practice the new words(Show a picture of a famous musician with black hairand a beard.)T: What does he look like?S1: He has black hair and he has a beard.T: Do you know other musicians, actors or famous people? Look at 1b and fill in the blanks. Let’s see who knows the most.(The students fill in the blanks. Then the teacher asksthe students to tell the answers.)Step3: Listening practiceT: Danny and Maria are also talking about two famous men, Johnny and Tina. What do they do? Look at 2a, listen and write their jobs in the chart.(Play the tape and check the answers.)T: Now listen again, what do they look? Fill in the chart.复备(Check the answers.)作业课后反思课题Unit7 What does he look like? (period 5)教学目标Learn how to make a new look.Learn some useful words and expressions about describing persons’appearance.教学过程Step1 Leading-in(Show a picture of Liu Huan.)T: Look at the picture. What’s his name?T: What does he do?T: Yes, he is a pop singer..T: What does he look like?S1: He has long black hair. He has a big nose and a big mouth. He is a little heavy. And I think he is of medium height.(Then the teacher shows another photo of Liu Huan.)T: Now look at this photo. What does he look like?He has short black hair. He has a big nose and a big mouth.He is thin. And I think he is of medium height.Step2 ReadingT: Do you remember Johnny Dean, the pop singer with funny glasses and long curly hair? Remember means“牢记,记住” Do you know his old look?T: Read the magazine article about Johnny Dean and fill in复备the blanks in the chart.Step3 Work on 3b(Show a picture of a beautiful woman to the students.)T: You know she is Gloria Green, a pop singer. Now she is not happy. Because she likes shopping. But when she goes shopping, many fans follow her. So she wants to design a new look. Look at the two pictures of Gloria Green. Then fill in the blanks in the article in 3b.Step4. Design your favorite famous star’s new lookName What doeshe/she look like? What’s his/ her new look?Work in group of four and then the teacher asks groups tohave a report.作业课后反思课题Unit7 What does he look like? (period 6)教学目标Review the words about describing persons’ appearance. Review how to describe people’s looks.教学过程Step1. Review the wordsshort hair, thin, straight hair, beard, curly hair, heavy, medium build, glasses, long hair, black hair, wear, tall, brown hair, medium height, short, blonde hair…Step2. Review how to describe a person’s appearanceTeacher could show some pictures and ask students to describe the persons’ appearance in these pictures.Step3. Work on P46 3Look at the picture. Old Henry and his neighbors are performingin a play. Describe what the people look like.Step4. Exercises复备后反思。

Unit 7 What does he look like 说课

Unit 7 What does he look like 说课
Task: talk about the usage of the key words. 1.I can remember her name 2.You must remermber to go shopping with me 3.I remember closing the door. 1.She has a new look 2.Mary looks very young 1.He has short straight hair 2.Go straight on First Avenue Then ask students to sum up their usages
Sammi (a thief)
What does she look like?
She is heavy. She has short hair. She has double chin(双 下巴). She is a little bit (一点) ugly.
Sammi is a thief. The policemen are looking for her. so she decides to lose weight and become a beautiful woman. Now, she has a new look!
教学重点及难点
Part 3 . The important and difficult points ① He has long hair
He is of medium build / height When we describe someone ’s look , how to use “ has ”or “ is correctly. ② The usage of remember and look ③How to use the key vocabularies and target language to describe someone’s look . How to improve students ’reading ability . How to train the students ’ability of working in pairs .

Unit7 what does he look like导学案

Unit7 what does he look like导学案

Unit 7 what does he look like ? (section A 1a,1c)学生姓名组I Teaching goals:1.words: hair, straight, tall, height, thin, heavy, build2.phrases: look like, medium build / height,curly /straight hair3.sentences:--What does he look like?--He is tall .\He has curly hair --Is he tall or short? – He is tall4. abilities: talk about the appearance around you and don’t judge aperson by appearance(不要以貌取人).II Teaching proceduresStep1 Warming up: A game—Polly saysIf Polly says touch your eyes/ears/ nose/mouth/shoulder/legs/arms, you should do it. If it doesn’t say that, you can’t do it. If you are wrong, you have to sit down. The person who does it correctly is the winner.Step2 Presentation1.Write at least five descriptive words.1.________2.________3._________4.__________5.___________2. Let’s chant about changing the outfit (换装游戏)Xiao Xin has________________________________________ hair.Xiao xin is _____________________________________________.Step3 consolidation1.Finish 1a on page 49 and check answers like this:Person e has short hair2.Pair work: make up conversations as following one:-- What does a look like?-- She has straight long hair.3.Sum up how to describe appearance (总结如何形容外貌)a) A person ______ tall/ short/ heavy/ thin/ of medium height/ ofmedium build.b) A person _______ long straight hair/ big eyes/ round face. Step4 listening1.Read the conversation in the picture and predict the words that suitthe blanks.2.listen and fill in the blanks:Well, he’s really ______. And he has _______________.3.Who’s Amy’s friend? _______4.Practice the conversation together.Step5 Guessing game: who are these people?1.__________2.__________3.____________4.___________5.__________ Step6 Group work: what do your teachers look like?Our Chinese teacher________________________________________________ Our math teacher __________________________________________________ …………Step7 Listening1.listen and answer the following questions:1)Is David tall or short?2)Does Sally have long or short hair?3)Is Peter short or tall?2.listen again and fill in the chart:3.Practice the conversations in pairs:Student A looks at the chart in 2b. Student B asks Student A questions about one of the people and then draws a picture of the person.4.Show time.III Exercise1. 他们长什么样子?他们中等个子。

unit-7-What-does-he-look-like新目标1

unit-7-What-does-he-look-like新目标1
short and heavy.
tall curly hair
F A
A D H E B A E
Who is he? He is Chen Guanxi.
What does Chen Guanxi look like? He has short straight black hair. He is tall and thin.
What does he/she look like?
What does he look like(像…)?
short hair He has short hair.
What does he look like if(如果) he changes(改变) his hair?
What does he look like?
She ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้s heavy / fat.
What does he look like? He has short,black, straight hair, and he is
tall.
What does he look like?
He has long,,straight black hair, he is
/ w٨ri /
This is a man.
He is from Hong Kong, China. He has short and black hair. He is medium height.
And he is medium build. He is an actor. His Chinese Kongfu is very good. He has a snub nose(狮子鼻). Can you guess? Who is he?
  1. 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性,平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
  2. 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
  3. 3、如文档侵犯您的权益,请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间:9:00-18:30)。

Unit 7 Section A 1a--3 (Go for it 1B)
一、教材分析:
1、教学内容
本单元是Go for it七年级下册中的第七单元“What does he look like?”。

本单元的核心话题是谈论人的外表形象(look), 教材内容围绕着描述人的外貌特点展开,让学生学会谈论人的身高、体重、发型、面部特征及着装特点,因此描述人物外貌是教学重点。

本节课是这一单元的第一节课,内容包括新词及关键句型的呈现,操练和熟练使用。

2、教材的地位及作用
以人的外貌特征为主线,兼顾交际功能的学习,用一种循序渐进的学习程序,引导学生学会用英语介绍自己或他人的外表特征。

本单元的教学内容与学生的实际生活密切相关,易于引发学生运用简单的英语进行交际和交流。

在学习活动中,学生能通过交换对不同人物的描述及看法,促进学生之间和师生之间的情感交流,增进情谊。

二、教学设计
1、设计思路
本课采用任务型教学法,借助多媒体辅助教学,通过设计看图描述、竞猜、听力训练、对话、游戏等多项活动,利用较强的视觉效果加强学生对新词和句型的理解能力,增添课堂教学的趣味性和互动性,使学生始终保持浓厚的学习兴趣,培养学生的参与意识和实践能力。

2、教学目标:(情感目标、知识目标、能力目标、学习策略目标)
①情感目标:
通过本课学习,培养学生的正确审美观,并培养学生学习英语的强烈兴趣及乐于参加各种活动的积极情感。

同时通过学生之间外部特征的描述,加强彼此的沟通。

但当个别学生在对人物进行描述带有人身攻击时,教师应给与适当的引导,让他们懂得心灵美比外表美更重要。

②知识目标:
学习有关描述人物外貌的词汇:short, long, build, medium height, medium build, long hair, short hair, curly hair, straight hair, sunglass, heavy.
熟练掌握谈论人物外貌的句型,让学生从身高,身材,头发,发型及着装描述人物.
③能力目标:帮助学生听的懂有关描述人物外表的信息并对人物外表能做简单的描述。

④学习策略目标:培养学生积极参于,善于合作的精神。

确立教学目标的依据:
根据学生的实际情况;
根据英语课程标准规定:通过听、说、读、写的训练,使学生获得英语基础知识和为交际初步运用英语的能力,激发学生的学习兴趣,为进一步学习打好初步的基础。

3、教学重点与难点:
重点:描述人物外部特征的词汇及基本句型。

难点:如何把本课所学的词汇用在句子中来回答“What does he /she look like?”这个句型。

三、教法:
(1)情景交际法:本单元话题源自生活,立足这一点,充分利用学生已有的知识和经验,创设生活化的真实情境,引导学生在运用中学习语言,然后在学习新的语言知识后创造性地运用语言(为用而学,在用中学,学了能用)。

(2)任务型语言教学法:设计多种任务活动,提供给学生合作交流的空间和时间,促使学生为完成任务和同学进行合作,设计一些游戏环节,让学生在“玩中学,学中玩”。

四、学法:
(1)善于抓住用英语交际的机会,充分感知,积极体验,大胆实践。

例如,在各个环节学生可以利用很多机会说,听,练。

(2)积极参于,善于合作。

例如,本课设计了几个任务,操作简单,学生一定很感兴趣并且积极地参与其中,从而合作完成任务,培养了团队精神。

五、教具:
多媒体:多媒体课件集图像、声音、文字于一体,通过生动形象、活泼的形式使学生
身临其境地学习英语。

它能激发学生的学习兴趣,使他们能真正成为学习的主体,变被动学习为主动学习。

多媒体教学使英语教学变得活泼起来,让英语教学不再乏味、枯燥。

六、教学过程:
依据教师为主导,学生为主体的原则本课分为五大步骤:
热身(5分钟)-复习导入(6分钟)-语言操练(17分钟)-任务应用(11分钟)-作业布置(1分钟)--游戏(5分钟)
Step1热身(5分钟)
1.Greetings
T:Hello,every one! Nice to see you today.How are you?
Ss: Fine…
T: What’s the wea ther like outside?
Ss: Sunny.
T: Did you have a nice weekend?
Ss:Yes…/ No,…
T:I was very happy because I had a good time with my new friends Last weekend. You know I made many new friends. They are friendly to me. Do you have friends?
Ss:Yes…
T: Is she/he tall or short? What does she/he look like?
Ss: She is tall…
[设计说明] 每日英语问答,使学生很快进入英语语境。

创设英语氛围,活跃课堂气氛,
调动学习积极性。

所选择的问题对本节课有铺垫作用。

2.布置任务:每个人都会有自己最好的朋友,他(她)是什么样子呢?让学生每人
画一幅人像画,来向别人展示一下。

[设计说明] 使课堂活跃起来,用这样的活动激发学生的学习兴趣,学生会很快投入到行动中并为新课的顺利进行做好准备。

Step 2 复习-导入(6分钟)
播放自己录制的人物简介(音频),为下一步学生描述自己的作品给出例子。

从学生作品中选择几幅典型的画,让学生用已经学过的语言来描述。

如big eyes, small nose, round face, tall等。

[设计说明] 通过这一步同学们对本课要学习的内容已经有了大概的了解,如何进一部描述人物的外貌特征呢?这就进一步有引起学生很强的求知欲,此时由幻灯图片进一步引出新内容。

Step3语言操练(17分钟)
1. 利用多媒体展示图片。

让学生看图片描述,猜图描述,边听边画等,开展各种课堂活动。

[设计说明] 多媒体教学帮助我们改变了传统教学教师单一的通过口述、板书方式传授知识而学生只是一味地被动的接受知识的学习方式。

它是一种全新的教学方式,它使抽象的、枯燥的学习内容转化成形象的、有趣的、可视的、可听的动感内容,为学生提供直观形象的场景,便于学生理解和记忆。

学生在上课的时候更能集中精力听课,极大地提高了课堂效率,最重要的是增强了学生学习英语的兴趣。

而教师看着自己制作的多媒体课件,教学更加方便,多媒体上的内容相当于一个教学提纲,老师们也不需要在课后花费大量的时间和精力要把需要讲授的内容记忆下来。

2. 听力训练
T:I have a good friend Amy. Now she comes to the station to meet her frind Lily. But there are so many people. Lily can’t find her friend Amy. Can you help her? Please listen and fill in the blank s in the picture and find Amy’s friend?
[设计说明] 创设情境,用过渡语引出要听的对话,激发学习兴趣,培养学生听的能力。

通过听来加强学生对新内容的理解,帮助他们更好的掌握。

Step4任务应用(11分钟)听同学的描述并猜这位同学的朋友是谁。

[设计说明]这个游戏环节提高学生接受,理解和处理信息的能力。

让学生学会在交际中使用,训练说的能力。

Step5作业布置(1分钟)
为自己设计一个新形象后在作业本上画出并进行描。

[设计说明] 作业跟学生自己息息相关,他们定会好好设计认真完成既巩固了课堂上所学知识,又增强了他们学习英语的兴趣。

Step 6 游戏(记忆大比拼5分钟)
在一张幻灯上展示多个各不相同的人物给学生一点时间去强行记忆,记住人物的主要特征;再次展现的图片均被覆盖,让学生比比谁的记忆力更棒!
[设计说明] 运用多媒体辅助来完成这一环节,在轻松有趣的游戏中结束这节课,体现“玩中学,学中玩”的新课标教学理念。

这种活泼的学习形式更能激发学生学习的兴趣和热情,从而形成一个良性循环的学习过程
七、教学反思:
(1)通过本节课的学习,学生可以掌握有关描述人物词汇、句型。

(2)本节课充分发挥了学生的主体作用,采用任务型教学途径,设计的任务贴近学生的生活,学习经历和社会实际,因此,学生大脑始终处于一种激活状态,在完成各项任务的过程中,培养了语言的综合运用能力。

(3)多媒体辅助英语教学有利于培养学生自主学习的能力。

使用多媒体教学也大大提高了课堂容量,使课堂内容更加充实。

但一个好的多媒体课件应该充分体现教师的教学结构、教学思想,而不是简单的电子黑板,在以后的教学实践中肯定会遇到各种各样的问题,我必须不断探索、交流,学习使之更加有效地为英语教学服务。

_________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ ————————————————————————————————————。

相关文档
最新文档