paragraph_structure段落结构
paragraph structure 2 段落结构
Exercise
1. friends: Marla and Justine (1) Marla a. appearance b. c. (2) Justine
2. Two bosses: Mr. Santo and Ms. Eliot (1) disposition a. Mr. Santo b. Ms. Eliot (2) Knowledge of ____ (3) _____
Paragraph 1 (College Writing p.45)
• Topic sentence: Reading a story is often very different from seeing it as a movie. • Topic A- reading a book – Supporting points 1. 2. • Topic B- ______ – Supporting points 1. 2.
Using comparative structures A And B: The man and the woman are tall. The baby crawls and smiles at his mom. Both A and B: Both my neighbor and I are selling our cars. Neither …nor: Neither Joe nor Steve went to the meeting last night. Either…or….: Either my brother or my sister can do it for me. Not only ….but also
Both….and…
Not only…but also
structure of paragraph
Structure organization of a paragraph英语段落/文章结构组织⏹优秀段落的三个标准⏹段落个案分析⏹分析英语文章结构组织原则⏹过渡词⏹段落发展方法⏹段落分析练习优秀段落的三个标准首先，一个段落必须有一个中心即主题思想，该中心由主题句特别是其中的题旨来表达。
整个段落必须紧扣这个主题（stick or hold to the topic），这就是段落的统一性（unity）其次，一个段落必须有若干推展句，使主题思想得到充分展开，从而给读者一个完整的感觉，这就是完整性（completeness or adequateness）再者，一个段落不是杂乱无章的，而是有机的组合，句子的排列顺序必须合乎逻辑，从一个句子到另一个句子的过渡必须流畅（smooth），这就是连贯性（coherence）段落分析示范段落1Ever since the time of the Greeks，drama has played an important role in man's lives．The Greek tragedies and come dies were a central part of the citizens' lives in ancient Greece．During the Middle Ages，Bible stories were acted out in churches，and wandering companies of players performed in the streets．In modern times，drama is brought directly into people's homes through the magic of television．示范段落分析主题句：Ever since the time of the Greeks，drama has played an important role in man's lives．细节：1．ancient Greece2．the Middle Ages3．modern times作者根据各个不同历史时期提供细节，举例说明戏剧的重要性。
英语段落写作English Paragraph Writing
Topic sentence 主题句
at the beginning: mostly at the end: sometimes in the middle：rarely
Байду номын сангаас
Please write a topic sentence for the following paragraph.
Some sportsmen use music to help them train and perform better. People listen to music to pass the time while driving through traffic. Couples might use music to create a romantic evening. Some businesses even use music to increase productivity and efficiency.
Direction: decide which is the topic sentence of the paragraph first. Then, arrange the supporting
sentences in logical order.
a. Later on, people began to write on pieces of leather, which were rolled into scrolls.
A topic sentence should
be a complete sentence. (subject + Verb)
control all the supporting ideas. be clear and concise. not too general, and not too specific.
paragraph structure 3 段落结构
What’s the main idea?
We buy eggs and milk. We push the cart down the aisles. Mom buys what is on her grocery list.
?
Mom lets me put apples in the cart.
Camels eat foods found in the desert. They eat plants, grasses and bushes. Camels can get all the water they need from the food they eat. When they cannot find food, they use fat that is stored in their hump to get energy. Eating is not a problem for camel in the desert.
英语新闻倒金字塔结构
英语新闻倒金字塔结构
新闻报道的倒金字塔结构（Inverted Pyramid Structure）是一种常见的新闻写作方式，它将最重要的信息放在文章开头，然后逐渐向下展开，呈现逐渐细节化的内容。
下面是英语新闻倒金字塔结构的基本要点：
1. 标题（Headline）：标题应简明扼要地概括新闻内容，吸引读者的注意力。
2. 引导段（Lead Paragraph）：引导段是新闻报道的开头部分，也是最重要的部分。
它通常回答了谁、什么、在哪里、何时和为什么这些基本问题，并提供了关键信息。
引导段的目的是吸引读者继续阅读。
3. 主体段落（Body Paragraphs）：接下来的几个段落会逐渐展开并提供更多细节。
这些段落按照重要性递减的顺序组织，每个段落都包含一个独立的主题或事件，并提供相关的细节和背景信息。
4. 支撑性细节（Supporting Details）：在主体段落中，逐步提供支撑性细节，如事件的过程、涉及的人物、相关背景信息等。
这些细节有助于读者更好地理解新闻报道的背景和全貌。
5. 结尾段（Conclusion）：新闻报道的结尾段通常是较少重要的细节和背景信息，可以提供一些额外的信息或观点，或总结整个新闻报道。
倒金字塔结构的好处在于它能够迅速传递新闻的核心信息，读者可以通过阅读开头的引导段了解到最重要的内容，即使读者只阅读了开头部分，也能够获取到关键信息。
这种结构也适合于新闻报道的编辑和截取，方便在有限的版面上进行调整。
需要注意的是，倒金字塔结构并非适用于所有类型的新闻报道。
对于某些特定的报道，如故事性报道或调查性报道，可能会采用其他结构和写作方式。
英语作文如何分段格式及范文
英语作文如何分段格式及范文英文回答：Paragraph Structure and Formatting.A paragraph is a unit of writing that develops a single main idea. It typically consists of the following elements:Topic sentence: The first sentence of the paragraph that states the main idea.Supporting sentences: Sentences that provide evidence, examples, or explanations to support the main idea.Concluding sentence: A sentence that summarizes the main idea or transitions to the next paragraph.Paragraph formatting.Indentation: The first line of each paragraph isindented to indicate the start of a new unit of thought.Single spacing: Paragraphs are single-spaced, with a double space between paragraphs.Font and size: The paragraph should be written in the same font and size as the rest of the text.Paragraph transitions.Transitions help to connect paragraphs and guide the reader through the text. Some common transitional words and phrases include:Addition: also, furthermore, moreover.Contrast: however, but, on the contrary.Cause and effect: therefore, because, as a result.Time: next, first, finally.Example Paragraph.Topic sentence: The rise of social media has had a significant impact on the way we communicate.Supporting sentence 1: Social media has made it possible to connect with people from all over the world, regardless of geographic distance.Supporting sentence 2: It has also provided a platform for people to share their thoughts and ideas, and to engage in discussions with others who share their interests.Concluding sentence: While social media has undoubtedly had some negative consequences, its potential for connecting people and fostering communication cannot be denied.中文回答：段落结构和格式。
英语段落结构作文模板
英语段落结构作文模板英文回答：Introduction。
An English paragraph structure essay template provides a framework for organizing and presenting ideas in a clear and logical manner. It consists of an introduction, body paragraphs, and a conclusion.The introduction captures the reader's attention, presents the topic, and provides a thesis statement that expresses the main idea of the essay.Body Paragraphs。
Body paragraphs support the thesis statement with evidence, examples, or explanations. Each body paragraph should have a topic sentence that identifies the main idea of the paragraph, followed by supporting sentences thatprovide details, evidence, or examples. The body paragraphs should be arranged in a logical order, with each paragraph building upon the one before it.Transition Words。
Transition words are used to connect ideas and paragraphs smoothly. They provide coherence and flow to the writing. Common transition words include:addition: also, in addition, furthermore。
英语作文格式段落设置的
英语作文格式段落设置的English Answer：Paragraph Structure.In academic writing, paragraphs serve as building blocks that develop and support the central argument of a paper. Effective paragraph structuring adheres to specific guidelines that ensure coherence, unity, and progression of ideas.1. Topic Sentence: Each paragraph begins with a topic sentence that clearly states the main idea to be discussed within the paragraph. This sentence encapsulates the specific focus of the paragraph and serves as a roadmap for the reader.2. Supporting Sentences: Following the topic sentence, multiple supporting sentences provide evidence, examples, or explanations to elaborate on the main idea. Thesesentences should directly relate to the topic sentence and develop its content in a logical and organized manner.3. Transitions: Transitions connect paragraphs and ensure a smooth flow of ideas. They can be signal words (e.g., "moreover," "however," "in addition") or connecting phrases (e.g., "despite this fact," "as a result") that indicate the relationship between paragraphs.4. Concluding Sentence: Often, a concluding sentence provides a brief summary of the paragraph's main point and transitions to the next paragraph. It may reiterate the topic sentence or offer a concluding thought that ties together the ideas presented in the paragraph.Paragraph Length.Paragraph length varies depending on the complexity of the topic and the type of writing. However, academic writing typically avoids excessively short or long paragraphs. Ideally, paragraphs should be long enough to adequately develop the main idea without overwhelming thereader with too much information.Formatting.Paragraphs are separated by a single blank line in academic writing. They should be indented on the first line to visually distinguish them from the rest of the text.Additional Tips.Ensure unity by keeping all sentences within a paragraph focused on the same main idea.Avoid redundancy by not repeating the same information in multiple sentences.Use a variety of sentence structures and sentence lengths to enhance readability.Proofread carefully to ensure coherence and clarity throughout the paragraph.Chinese Answer：段落结构。
五段式英语作文结构框架
五段式英语作文结构框架Five-Paragraph Essay Structure Framework.Introduction (Paragraph 1)。
Begin with a catchy opening sentence that sets the tone for the essay and piques the reader's interest.Provide a brief overview of the topic, introducing the main idea or argument.End the paragraph with a clear thesis statement that summarizes your position on the topic.Background/Context (Paragraph 2)。
Expand on the introduction by providing relevant background information.This paragraph should establish the context for yourargument, setting the scene and explaining any necessary prerequisites.Avoid getting too bogged down in details; keep the focus on the main point.Main Argument (Paragraph 3)。
Present your main argument or point of view in this paragraph.Use specific examples, evidence, and reasoning to support your claim.Ensure that your examples are relevant and illustrative of your point.Connect the examples back to the thesis statement to maintain coherence.Counterargument (Paragraph 4)。
writing 1.2 Paragraph Structure
Supporting Sentences
• They explain or prove the topic sentence • They use specific details such as:
– Examples – Statistics – Quotations
Using Examples
Topic Sentence
• States the main idea of the paragraph • Limits the topic to one specific area (controlling idea)
• Example: Synonyms, words that have the same basic meaning, do not always have the same emotional meaning. • What is the topic of this paragraph? • What is the controlling idea of this paragraph?
Peer Revision #1
• The students have a positive attitude • They give helpful advice • They improve the topic sentence by working together • They give compliments • They speak in English
Activity
• Write a concluding sentence for your paragraph about college students • Share your concluding sentences with your group. Choose the best concluding sentence from your group
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英语段落的构成大致可分两类：一类是 典型的"主题句--阐述句--总结句"结构，另 一类则有点象汉语的以某一中心思想统领 的形散神聚结构，但注重形合的英语常常 使用许多衔接和连贯手段，以便从形式上 显现各种组合关系。前一类结构的主题句 标明段落的主题思想，接下来的句子必须 在语义上与这一主题关联，在逻辑上演绎 严谨。这一特征在英语的论说文中表现得 尤为突出。
Charpter 3 Paragraph Structure
• 1. Contrast Between English Paragraph & Chinese Paragraph • 2. The structure of a paragraph • 3.Topic sentence • 4.Developing sentence
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自1840年鸦片战争使中国蒙受历史性屈辱以来， 从林则徐、魏源、龚自珍到孙中山，历代志士仁 人曾为中国的救亡和发展，前仆后继，英勇奋斗， 但由于缺少科学理论的指导而饮恨九泉。实践告 诉我们，在一个半殖民地半封建的中国，改良封 建专制制度，不是出路；实行资本主义，亦非良 策。在历史的比较中我们认识到，唯有马克思列 宁主义，才能救中国。马克思列宁主义一经传入 中国，中国人民就在精神上由被动转入主动，中 国共产党才在马克思列宁主义和中国工人运动的 结合中诞生并成为中国革命的领导力量，中国人 民的民族解放和民族振兴才找到了正确的方向。 从此，开始了马克思列宁主义在中国的实践和发 展历程。
The topic is what you are going to say in the paragraph, and the controlling idea narrows down the topic,
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so the topic sentence should
Hong Kong is famous for its developed
economy。
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Too gengeral:American food is terrible.
Too specific:American food is tasteless and greasy because American use too many canned, frozen prepackaged foods and because every thing is fried in oil and butter. Good:American food is tasteless and greasy.
not:
A. be too specific B.be too broad C.contain phrases like “I think”, “In my opinion”, etc.
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Dos and Don’ts of topic sentence. Dos： 1. A good topic sentence includes a topic and a controlling idea.
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该汉语段落的中心思想就是：历史告诉我
们，只有马克思列宁主义才能救中国。但 这一主题的阐发方式却明显不同于英语论 说文段落模式，它形散神聚，词句的随意 自然流动、重文气（气韵）而轻文理（理 则）、乃至断句不严等特点，均可在其中 找到。
School of Translation Studies
School of Translation Studies
HOW TO WRITE A GOOD TOPIC SENTENCE?
Thus , the controlling idea can
either express your attitude or state what you are going to explain.
• 1.Driving on freeway. • 2. the importance of gold. • 3. how to register for college classes.
School of Translation Studies
受汉语分段的习惯影响，中 国学生写英语作文往往分段太 多，把一层意思放在几个段落 里表达。
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情感分段（汉语）
逻辑分段 （英语）
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I know Edmond smith.
这句话是表示事实的，没有必
要对其作进一步的解释和说明， 因此不是主题句。
Revised: Edmond smith is the
cleverest man I ever knew.
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Hong Kong is famous for its developed
economy, high standards of living, aБайду номын сангаасd intercultural atmosphere.
此句包含了过多的信息，主题不明确，这会
使段落缺乏统一性。句子所阐述的三个部分 不相关，不能放在同一个段落内阐述。
School of Translation Studies
• Many college students do part-time job. • Many college students do part-time jobs for various reasons.
• Many people buy pirated products because the price is much lower than legal ones. • The reason why people buy pirated products is various.
2. Structure of a Paragraph
• Go=Topic Sentence • Continue=Supporting Details • Stop=Closing Sentence
Introduction:
Topic sentences
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There are three reasons why Canada is one of the best countries in the world. First, Canada has an excellent health care system. All Canadians have access to medical services at a reasonable price. Second, Canada has a high standard of education. Students are taught by well-trained teachers and are encouraged to continue studying at university. Finally,Canada's cities are clean and efficiently managed. Canadian cities have many parks and lots of space for people to live. As a result, Canada is a desirable place to live.
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1. Water pollution has been disastrous for
the fishermen in Star Lake. 2. Music therapy has proved quite successful in the treatment of emotionally disturbed children. 3. People pick up materials to read for many reasons. 4. A person can look for a job in several different ways.
包含一个主题和中心思想。
2. A good topic sentence is limited.
有具体的陈述。
3. A good topic sentence must lead itself to development.
有助于段落的展开。
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what is a topic sentence?
A topic sentence is a sentence that
tells the main idea of a paragraph.
A topic sentence usually consists of
two parts: one is a subject; the other is an attitude toward that subject.
School of Translation Studies
Topic sentence= topic+ controlling idea
topic:主题也叫话题。是一个段落将要 谈及的事件，人物，问题等。 controlling idea:主旨，确定话题的发展 方向，限定话题的范围，表明段落的 发展方向。