考研经典合成题第2套带答案
2015年中国科学院有机化学考研历年真题试题及答案2(2000-2009)共10套经典
2015年中国科学院有机化学考研
历年真题试题2（2000-2009）
（共10套）
目录
2000年中国科学院有机化学考研真题 (2)
2001年中国科学院有机化学考研真题 (5)
2002年中国科学院有机化学考研真题 (9)
2003年中国科学院有机化学考研真题 (17)
2004年中国科学院有机化学考研真题 (27)
2005年中国科学院有机化学考研真题 (33)
2006年中国科学院有机化学考研真题 (37)
2007年中国科学院有机化学考研真题 (45)
2008年中国科学院有机化学考研真题 (57)
2009年中国科学院有机化学考研真题 (61)
2000年中国科学院有机化学考研真题
2001年中国科学院有机化学考研真题
2002年中国科学院有机化学考研真题
2003年中国科学院有机化学考研真题
2004年中国科学院有机化学考研真题
2005年中国科学院有机化学考研真题
2006年中国科学院有机化学考研真题
2007年中国科学院有机化学考研真题。
GREpp2单题全解答
题号与庄版解密对应 1.PAC⽬的是获得竞选资⾦。
结论PAC通过发展募捐⼈数⽬使越来越多的⼈对政治感兴 趣。
(最后⼀句?那些不相信这种说法的⼈只要在下次去看赛马时赌上50块钱，他们就会发现⾃⼰⽐起没有押钱时增加了多少兴趣。
赛马的类⽐看出：⼈若投了钱就会有更多的关注) 问：假设。
答：募捐⼈在未募捐之前对政治不感兴趣。
2.某书称：1/3的⽼美读不懂该书。
即有60m的⽼美不懂。
其中25m的⽼美的阅读⽔平 低于5年级，35m的⽼美介于5到8年级。
问：结论。
答：读懂此天书⾮九年级不⾏。
3.做义⼯对志愿者有好处，如：略。
还有意想不到的好处：赋职在家的manager中，参 与义⼯的⼈相对早找到⼯作。
问：驳斥。
答：性格好(易接受)manager志愿做义⼯才是容易找到⼯作的⼈。
(即并不 是所有作义⼯的⼈都早找到⼯作) 4.由书翻拍电影，报纸影评关注其忠于原著的程度。
观众希望电影忠于原著。
但忠于原 著与电影艺术价值⽆关，报纸影评做了⽆⽤功。
问：驳斥。
答：报纸影评的⽬的只是使观众找出他们是否喜欢看这部电影。
(即没做⽆ ⽤功) 5.easy.S的卫星T的轨道是椭圆⽽不是圆。
如S有海洋，轨道就是圆；同时有⼤陆，也 导致轨道是圆(潮汐作⽤)。
问：结论。
答：S上即没海洋也没⼤陆。
6.easy.海豹由于吃了感染有毒物质的鱼，死了！⼈吃了这些鱼，活着！ 问：原因。
答：海豹吃了鱼的有毒部位，⼈没吃(太精了！)。
7.easy.去年⽤杀⾍剂的草莓农发现：⽥⾥颗粒⽆收。
但邻近的⽥（未撒杀⾍剂）倒也没 有草莓。
结论跟杀⾍剂使⽤⽆关。
问：驳斥。
答：杀⾍剂从撒了药的⽥⾥感染到了未撒药的⽥⾥。
8.JS是秘密社团成员，其成员不愿暴露⾝份。
如雇佣这种成员，竞争公司以揭露⾝份要 挟该成员，要该成员伤害本公司利益。
为安全不能雇佣JS。
问：假设。
答：JS不愿暴露⾝份。
9.接上题。
问：推理策略。
答：从⼀般到特殊。
（即多数成员不愿暴露⾝份，JS也不愿）。
最新硕士英语综合教程2-课后习题答案
硕士英语综合教程2 课后习题答案Unit 12. V ocabulary(1) astute(2) ignite(3) enthusiasm(4) turnover(5) transaction(6) interact with(7) come into contact with(8) empower(9) superior(10) drop out3. Cloze(1) motivated(2) selecting(3) retain(4) relied(5) differentiated(6) recruited(7) adaptability(8) prospective(9) require(10) efficiently(11) comprehensive(12) challenge(13) survived(14) rate(15) tripled(16) generous(17) financial(18) reveal(19) premium(20) morale4. Translation(1) The fascination generated by exploration will inspire our young people to study math, science and engineering, and create a new generation of innovators and pioneers.(2) Upon returning to England, he employed the favorable media attention as a launching pad for his foray into politics.(3) Owning to the nature of every growing business, you will need to be on the go constantly, and also be on the go prepared to work shift work, including nights and weekends.(4) In Australia, gasoline prices have retreated, although falls have been limited because of the weakness of the Australian dollar against its American counterpart.(5) The Asian economy has presented a positive trend. Some countries have overcome the impact of the financial crisis and revived development. Asia has once again become the spotlight of global economic growth.(6) China’s accession to the WTO can promote not only the development of Chinese economy, but also that of the world economy and will inject new impetus into the progress of Asian economy and world economy.(7) The growing quantity of information, couple with the development of technologies, erable the storage and delivery of more information with greater speed to more locations than has ever been possible before.(8) The future is something which everyone reaches at the rate of sixty minutes an hour, whatever he does, whoever he is.Unit 2 Higher Education2. V ocabulary(1) recipient(2) apprenticeships(3) dissertation(4) tenure(5) adjunct(6) mentor(7) perpetuate(8) unattainable(9) taint(10) shrunk3. Cloze(1) limited(2) program(3) in(4) receiving(5) found(6) but(7) between(8) closed(9) While(10) practice(11) grind(12) often(13) among(14) which(15) opportunities(16) enrollment(17) who(18) turn(19) other(20) like4. Translation(1) Rising oil prices are typically negative for corporate profits since they boost expenses and eat into consumers’ discretionary income.(2) And it follows from this, Hobbes believes, that the sovereign has the right to decide what opinions, what books, what ideas are conducive to peace and which ones aim simply to stir up warand discontent?(3) Researchers in Germany say that a cancer fighting substance found in hops could be enhanced to brew a special anticancer beer.(4) A fabled bird, identified with the kingfisher, was supposed to have the power to calm the wind and the waves while it nested on the sea during the winter solstice.(5) Bicyclists often ride as though two wheeled vehicles are exempt from all traffic laws.(6)The instructor should not rebuke the girl student for her small mistake in front of all classmates. Given that she is inexperienced, she has done a good job.(7) From a broader perspective, higher attrition rate would affect the development of the industry as a whole. So the necessity is to shorten the apprenticeship.(8) I have to level with you because I don’t want any misunderstanding between us, so how can you justify spending so much money?Unit 3 Cyberspace Network2. V ocabulary(1) derail(2) hype(3) spamming(4) nascent(5) simulate(6) parlance(7) weaponry(8) unplug(9) hostage(10) civilians3. Cloze(1) attack(2) disruption(3) described(4) assaults(5) traced(6) authorized(7) identified(8) sophistication(9) rogue(10) intrusion(11) demonstrate(12) issue(13) ultimate(14) eventual(15) launch(16) offensive(17) analysis(18) security(19) investigation(20) shined4. Translation(1) Gaining real knowledge requires taking risks and keeping the mind open—but most people prefer to be reassured rather than to learn the complex and often unsettling truth about anything. (2) The soldiers were so courageous that they sworn to wipe out any enemy that dare to invade into their country.(3) They’re so lacking in confidence in the attraction of broadcasting the games on TV that they feel they have to hype up with some hysterical commentator in order to get anyone to watch them.(4) What’s worse, there are those who would unleash malicious network attacks designed to exploit these hidden vulnerabilities to uncover the prized data within.(5) The chang e of the government’s interference strategies on housing ushered in a period of stable house prices.(6) This shows true leadership, sustained vision, and solid commitment. They were applauded for sticking with it for so many years with great subtlety.(7) How to single out the most succinct way to finish the work still remains a problem.(8) But Defense Secretary Gates said the United States has put a lot on the table in terms of missile defense proposals and it is time for the Russians to reciprocate.Unit 4 Love and Marriage2. V ocabulary(1) encapsulate(2) proclaim(3) companionable(4) respectability(5) intrinsically(6) justification(7) contractual(8) exclusivity(9) gratifying(10) flexibility3. Cloze(1) equation(2) temporarily(3) how(4) back(5) version (6) or(7) problem(8) trap(9) into(10) presents (11) romantic(12) insane(13) let down(14) what(15) last (16) though(17) marketed(18)wooed(19) caring(20) and4. Translation(1) Potential investors exploring more promising areas, such as low carbon energy and infrastructure, are stymied because of the lack of a clear policy framework.(2) Fortunately, most managers welcome such initiative, and they are increasingly willing to give their employees more responsibility, autonomy, and authority in their jobs.(3) We are offering a package deal which includes the whole office computer system, staff training and hardware maintenance.(4) Although this so called continuous speech recognition approach has indeed improved accuracy, it is by no means infallible.(5) This is a concrete illustration of what we mean by one and the same thing having two contradictory aspects.(6) Actual demand in a particular year, in particular in the private sector, depends on the economic factors and the commercial decisions of developers and consumers.(7) If you ever need a blood transfusion, it’s important that you only receive blood compatible with your own type.(8) Therefore, the Europeanization of Chinese does not stem from an internal force, but rather originates from an external pressure.Unit 5 Medicine and Illness2. V ocabulary(1) stranded(2) hindsight(3) vaccine(4) intertwined(5) transparency(6) grapple with(7) catch off guard(8) give more weight to(9) piled up(10) stamp out3. Cloze(1) rather than(2) alone(3) concluded(4) timing(5) varies(6) compared(7) reveal(8) connected(9) triggering(10) attributed(11) majority(12) counted(13) risk(14) immunity(15) likely(16) previous(17) adolescents(18) effectively(19) severe(20) dependent4. Translation(1) Some people dub Chin a as “The Bicycle Kingdom”. Yet in the past, you could hardly see anyone from this kingdom in the international cycling events.(2) The WHO says anyone exposed to the bird flu should be quarantined to avoid contact with sufferers of regular human influenza.(3) The great “Spanish flu” pandemic of 1918~1919 was considered the worst plague in history, killing up to 40 million people with half of the world’s population infected in only a few m onths.(4) The time for talk is over. The time for action is now. Because we know that if we don’t act, a bad situation will become dramatically worse. Crisis could turn into catastrophe for families and businesses across our country.(5) Called plant factories, these anonymous looking warehouses have sprung up across the whole world and can churn out immaculate looking lettuces and green leaves 24 hours a day, seven days a week.(6) I think, learning English can boil down to three simple ingredients: persistence, proper ways and good teachers.(7) Usually, when we put the blame on others, we would be blind of our own mistakes. And if we don’t acknowledge or learn from our own mistakes, chances are high that we are going to repeat them.and think of something that gives you pleasure: a beautiful scene in nature, someone you love.Unit 6 Famous Speeches2. V ocabulary(1) hold back(2) scorching(3) enormity(4) thrive(5) better off(6) tyranny(7) cynicism(8) stretch(9) strained(10) huddledlouder(9) developing(10) voters(11) demonstrated(12) nomination(13) multicultural(14) benefits(15) compete(16) together(17) looking for(18) sense(19) represents(20) excelled4. Translation(1) To dismiss John from his job when his wife has just left him would be hitting a man when he is down. 解雇(2) We were all astonished beyond measur e on hearing that Tom and Jane are getting married after knowing each other for merely two weeks. 难以形容(3) She began to put the house straight, making beds and washing dishes, cleaning and tidying; but she could summon up no enthusiasm for it. 打不起精神(4) Beyond all differences of race or creed, we are one country, mourning together and facing danger together. 种族，信条信仰教义(5) With love I will tear down the wall for suspicion and hate which they have built round their hearts and in its place will I build bridges so that my love may enter their souls. 摧毁(6) John Travolta has been obsessed with planes and flying since he was a little boy. When he was eight years old, his mother and sister pitched in to get him a fancy toy plane for Christmas. 合力帮助、支持(7) Wish you a very successful semester as you dig into the science of psychology and put it into practice in your own lives, and think about how to take psychology from the classroom to the world. 深入(8) They are a group of fearless fighters, and as a group they have conquered one difficulty after another. And today they carried out this plan with determination and devotion though they met with many difficulties. 坚定。
考研英语(二)答案(版)
经济类联考数学全程规划班
掌握经济类联考数学的复习方法，制定全复习规划
1
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通过学习管理类联考数学的基本概念、基本理论、基本方法，为强化提高
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《管理类联考数学阅卷人核心笔记·写作》
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心理学考研海文内部模拟题第二套
2007心理学研究生入学考试模拟题（二）一、单项选择题：1～65小题，每小题2分，共130分。
在每小题给出的四个选项中，请选出一项最符合题目要求的。
1.认知过程是个体认知活动信息加工的过程。
认知心理学将认知过程看成由一系列连续的认知操作阶段组成的按一定程序进行信息加工的系统。
下列哪一项不是认知操作？（）A.获得B.编码C.选择D.提取和使用2.在现代心理学流派中，主张采用内省方法研究人们的直接经验即意识的是( ).A.构造主义B.机能主义C.行为主义D.格式塔心理学3. 大脑内信息处理的基本单元是（）。
A.神经元B.突触C.神经回路D.神经系统4. 大脑皮层是指（）。
A.大脑半球内而由大量神经纤维的髓质组成的白质B.大脑半球表面由大量神经细胞和无髓鞘神经纤维组成的灰质C.灰质与白质的总和D.灰质与部分白质的和5. 在斯蒂文斯的幂定律中，心理量与物理量之间是( ).A.反比关系B.等比关系C.对数关系D.乘方正比关系6. 当声音频率大于5000赫兹时,（）是唯一可行的理论解释。
A.频率理论B.共鸣理论C.行波理论D.神经齐射理论7. 马赫带可以用（）来解释。
A.明暗对比B.侧抑制C.视觉感受野D.视敏度8. 人们在对整体的知觉和对个别成分的知觉上，下列说法正确的是（）。
A.前者优于后者B.前者劣于后者C.两者没有差别D.两者相辅相成9. 在知觉物体的距离和深度时，如果物体的视像落在两眼网膜的对应部分，那么看到（）。
A.深度和距离B.单一的物体C.双像D.无法判断距离10. 在知觉世界时，人们总是把少数事物当成知觉的对象，把其它事物当成知觉的背景，这是（）。
A.知觉的意义性B.知觉的整体性C.知觉的理解性D.知觉的恒常性11. 研究表明，梦主要出现在（）。
A.快动眼睡眠B.非快动眼睡眠C.快波睡眠D.慢波睡眠12. 在嘈杂的环境中即使我们的名字被很小声地提及，仍热能被我们接收到，（）对此做出了很好的解释。
21世纪研究生英语综合教程2答案最新完整版
Ⅰ. Background information (3)Ⅱ. Language points (4)Ⅲ. Key to the exercises (6)Unit 2 (10)Ⅰ. Background information (10)Ⅱ. Language points (12)Ⅲ. Key to the exercises (15)Unit 3 (19)Ⅰ. Background information (19)Ⅱ. Language points (20)Ⅲ. Key to the exercises (22)unit 4 (26)Ⅰ. Background information (26)Ⅱ. Language points (32)Ⅲ. Key to the exercises (33)Unit 5 (36)Ⅰ. Background information (36)Ⅱ. Language points (39)Ⅲ. Key to the exercises (41)Unit 6 (44)Ⅰ. Background information (44)Ⅱ. Language points (50)Ⅲ. Reference materials (51)Ⅲ. Key to the exercises (54)Unit 7 (59)Ⅰ. Background information (59)Ⅱ. Language points (60)Ⅲ. Key to the exercises (61)Unit 8 (63)Ⅰ. Background information (63)Ⅱ. Language points (67)Ⅲ. Key to the exercises (68)Unit 9 (71)Ⅰ. Background information (71)Ⅱ. Language points (74)Ⅲ. Key to the exercises (75)Unit 10 (78)Ⅰ. Language points (78)Ⅱ. Key to the exercises (79)Unit 11 (83)Ⅰ. Background information (83)Ⅱ. Language points (85)Ⅲ. Key to the exercises (87)I. Background information (91)Ⅱ. Language points (91)Ⅲ. Key to the exercises (94)Unit 1Text A Putting in a Good Word for GuiltⅠ. Background information1．Ellen Goodman A syndicated columnist whose writing appears in over four hundred newspapers, Ellen Goodman began her working career in 1963. Goodman began newspaper writing at the Detroit Free Press, where she worked as a general reporter and news feature writer on the city desk.In 1980, Goodman was awarded the Pulitzer Prize for Distinguished Commentary. Goodman‟s work has won many other awards, including the American Society of Newspaper Editors Distinguished Writing Award in 1980. She received the Hubert H. Humphrey Civil Rights Award from the Leadership Conference on Civil Rights in 1988. In 1993, at its Seventh Annual Exceptional Merit Media Award Ceremony, the National Women‟s Political Caucus gave her the President‟s Award. In 1994, the Women‟s Research & Education Institute presented her with their American Woman Award.2．Freud Freud may justly be called the most influential intellectual legislator of his age. His creation of psychoanalysis was at once a theory of the human psyche, a therapy for the relief of its ills, and an optic for the interpretation of culture and society. Despite repeated criticisms, attempted refutations, and qualifications of Freud‟s work, its spell remained powerful well after his death and in fields far removed from psychology as it is narrowly defined. If, as the American sociologist Philip Rieff once contended, “psychological man” replaced such earlier notions as political, religious, or economic man as the 20th century‟s dominant self image, it is in no small measure due to the power of Freud‟s vision and the seeming inexhaustibility of the intel lectual legacy he left behind.3．Karl Menninger (1893 1990) founder of the Menninger Foundation for Psychiatric Education and Research. As director of education of the foundation, besides training other theapists, he wrote many works, among which are The Human Mind (1930), Man Against Himself (1938), and Whatever Became Of Sin? (1973)4．Reverend TillotsonJohn Tillotson (1630 1694), chaplain to Charles Ⅱand a prominant preacher of his age. He supported the Revolution of 1688 and was apointed Archbishop of Canterbury in 1691.5．David Riesman American sociologist and author most noted for The Lonely Crowd: A Study of the Changing American Character (with Reuel Denney and Nathan Glazer, 1950), a work dealing primarily with the social character of the urban middle class. “The lonely crowd” became a catchphrase denoting modern urban society in which the individual feels alienated. Also entering common speech were the labels he applied to two of the three character types that he identified in the book: “inner directed” and “other directed.”Ac cording to Riesman‟s theory, in preindustrial societies having a high potential for population growth (e.g., medieval Europe), the typical individual is “tradition directed,” his personal valuesbeing determined by the traditions of a highly structured society or by power relations within its major divisions, such as classes, professions, castes, or clans. These values are characteristically passed intact from one generation to another. When the population is growing but has not reached the stage of crowding (e.g., western Europe from the Renaissance to the early 20th century), the “inner directed” individual predominates. His personal values are determined early by his immediate family, are not necessarily related to any wider social forces, and are also likely to remain unchanged. In heavily industrialized societies, where the population is dense and perhaps beginning to decline, the “other directed” individual emerges. His life is in large part shaped by “peer groups” of persons whom he resembles in age, s ocial class, or otherwise, and he adjusts his values to conform to those of his group in a constant process of change.Ⅱ. Language points1. Feeling guilty is nothing to feel guilty about. (para.1) You don‟t have to be consciously uncomfortable if you have the sense of guilt.2. Yes, guilt can be the excess baggage that keeps us paralyzed unless we dump it. (para.1)Sure, guilt can be the over loaded burden that tortures us if we don‟t get rid of it.paralyze v. to make unable to move or acte.g. The child was paralyzed by fear when the thunder came.打雷的时候，这孩子被吓得不能动弹。
2010-2019(10套)考研数学二真题和答案详细解析--答案直接附在每年题后面方便查阅
1 1 0 （Ⅱ） β1 = 1 ， β 2 = 2 ， β3 = 3 ，若向量组（Ⅰ）和向量组（Ⅱ）等 2 + 3 a + 3 1 − a a
价，求 a 的取值，并将 β 用 α1 , α 2 , α 3 线性表示.
2 . ，使得 P AP 所以存在 P −1 1 = (α1 ,α 2 ,α 3 ) 1 =Λ = 2 −
（1）当 a 2 − 1 ≠ 0 ，即 a ≠ ±1 时， r (α1 , α 2 , α 3 ) 3, r ( β1 , β 2 , β3 ) 3 ，此时两个向 = = 量组必然等价，且 β3 =α1 − α 2 +α 3 .
1 1 1 1 0 1 （2）当 a =1时， (α1 , α 2 , α 3 , β1 , β 2 , β3 ) → 0 −1 1 0 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0
6
17.
18.
I = ∫π dθ ∫
4 3 π 4 sin 2 θ 0
π π r sin θ 1 3 1 3 5 4 rdr = ∫π sin θ dθ = − ∫π4 sin 4 θ d cos θ r 2 4 2 4
2 1 3π 1 3π = − ∫π4 (1 − cos 2 θ ) d cos θ = − ∫π4 (1 − 2 cos 2 θ + cos 4 θ ) d cos θ 2 4 2 4
x2 2
{ x , y） =（ 1 ≤ x ≤ 2 ,0 ≤ y ≤ y( x )}，求 D 绕x 轴旋转一
周所得旋转体的体积. 18.（本题满分 10 分） 已知平面区域 D 满足
{(x , y ) | (x
精讲两天练习答案及解析
1. 【答案】C 【解析】从“如果他们使用的是字母文字……就分裂成像意大利……”可以得知，字母 文字不利于多民族国家的形成和发展，而统一的文字却可以对其起到促进作用。由材料可知， 使用字母文字是欧洲分裂成许多小国家的原因之一，A 选项增加“主要”，改变了原文的意 思；B、D 选项的“艺术性”材料并未提及。 2. 【答案】A 【解析】总分行文脉络，“城市地标要有个文化底色和基调”。 3. 【答案】A 【解析】文段主要论述了允许冲突存在所带来的好处，即“有助于通过互相抵消而把‘社 会体系缝合起来’，这样就阻止了沿着一条主要分裂线的崩溃”，也就是避免社会体系分裂， 维护社会稳定，A 选项符合题意。 4. 【答案】C 【解析】分总结构，主旨句为转折关联词引导，“但从长远来看，正是这种物质享受的 后果导致了很多传统文化的衰落与沉没”。 5. 【答案】D 【解析】递进关联词引导主旨句“而且会促进家庭成员文明水准的提高。” 6. 【答案】A 【解析】分分结构，共同表述的观点为老字号对市民的意义。 7. 【答案】A 【解析】首句提出整形手术最大的危险在于麻醉，第二句通过“事实上”这一转折引出重点， 很多整形外科贪图方便，将麻醉简化，相当危险。A 项是主旨句的同义替换。
8. 【答案】B 【解析】分总结构，主旨由递进关系关联词引导“它对整个社会的存在和发展，同样有 着巨大的能动作用。” 9. 【答案】C 【解析】文段尾句阐述了由于宪法实施的不重视和师资水平的不足，对我国法制建设的 不利影响，C 为引申的对策。 10. 【答案】D 【解析】尾句为主旨句。 11. 【答案】D 【解析】分总结构，主旨句为“通过今人的自觉，从深厚的中国文化土壤中生长出“中 国新思想”，是根本之道。”强调依靠中国本土思想解决不利局面的重要性。 12. 【答案】A 【解析】总分结构，BCD 选项均为非重点内容。 13. 【答案】D 【解析】对于山区房屋建筑，作者认为“山坡的倾斜度那么大，稍微有摇晃，就会塌下 来。”显然这样的房屋是不安全，因此 D 为引申的对策。 14. 【答案】A 【解析】文段主要论述了儒家和道家思想对于中国传统文化的重要价值。儒家和道家是 中国传统文化的两条主线，要弘扬中国的传统文化，首先就要读懂《论语》和《老子》。A 项符合文意，因此，本题选择 A 选项 15. 【答案】C
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2 CH 3
O C CH3
(1). NaOH (2). MeI
OCH 3
考点：1. 由醇制备烯烃；2. 由格氏试剂和酮制备醇；3. 片呐醇重排； 4. 氯甲基化反应；5. 邻二醇合成；6. Williamson 法醚的合成。
11
7. 由C4 以内有机原料
Me Me3CC CH(CH2)4CH3
Me Me3CC CH(CH2 )4CH3
15
15.
HO O 用 ≤C5 原料 HO O O
_ H 2O
O HO O α OH (1). HCN OH (2). H3O CO 2Et
NaOEt BrCH2CH2Br
CHO CHO β OH
HCHO OH CrO3 . Py2
CH 2(CO2Et)2
CO2H
LiAlH4
CO2Et (1). OH , H_ 2O (2). H+, , CO2
Br N N NMe2
33.
OH H3CO OCH3
34.
NO2 Br Br
Br
Br
35.
5
H 3C
由不超过3个碳原子的有机原料及必要的无机试剂合成 H3C
CH CHCO2H
36.
O O O O HOCH 2 CH 2CH2OH
O
37. 用指定的原料和其它必要的试剂合成目标化合物
CH3 CH3 OH
HO 由苯和不超过C2的有机原料及必要的无机试剂合成
O HO +
(2)H3O or (1)SOCl2 (2)AlCl3
MgBr
Br
Mg, Et2O
Br2/FeBr3
PPA
O HO
O HO &#l3
O CH2=CH2
Br2/CCl4
,
H3O
H2O
BrCH2CH2Br
CO2Et CO2 Et
Br
2CH2(CO2Et)2 Br NaOEt
Br Br
PBr3
CH3CHO
3HCHO 浓OH
HOCH2
CH2OH C CHO CH2OH
HO
HCHO 浓OH
OH OH
HO
考点：1. 利用 CH2(CO2Et)2 合成环状化合物 2. “交错”的羟醛缩合反应； 3. “交错”的 Cannizazro 反应。
Cl Cl
Cl
KI,
Cl Cl
Cl (1). Fe/HCl
(2). NaNO2, HCl 0~5℃
Cl Cl
Cl Cl2,Fe Cl Cl
混酸
Cl2,Fe
13
考点：重氮化反应及各种官能团的相互转化。
11.
CH3 CH3 CN O2N
C 2以下
CH3 CN O2N
1)NaNO2+ HCl O N 2 2)CuCN +KCN
Na
CH3 CH3CH2CH2Br CH3CH2CH2MgBr CH3CH2CH2 C OH Mg,Et2 O CH3 (1). CH3COCH3 HBr
过氧化物 (2). H3O
H2C CHCH3
考点：1. 格氏试剂制备 2. 由格氏试剂制备醇 3. Williamson 反应、NBS 溴代
9
3.
NaNO2 + HCl
CH3 NH2 0-5℃ CH3 Br
Br2水
CH3
Br
CH3
Br
CH3
CH3 NO2
CH3 NH2
Fe, HCl
CH3
HNO3+H2SO4
CH3
CH3
考点：重氮化反应及各种官能团的相互转化
14. 由 C3 以下化合物合成
HOOC CO2H EtO2 C
(1)OH , H2O EtO2 C (2)H , _ CO2 (3) β α
Me Me3CC CH 2 OH
OCH3
OCH 3
H2SO4 _ , H 2O
OCH 3
(2). H3O
CH2MgCl CH3 CH3 CH3 C C CH3 OH OH O Me3C C Me + H OCH 3 OH
(1).CH2O + HCl ZnCl2 (2). Mg, Et2O
(1). Mg-Hg/C6H6 (2). H 2O
O
(1). Br2/FeBr3 (2). Mg, Et2O
考点：1. 格氏试剂制备； 2. 由格氏试剂制备醇； 3. 烯烃的制备与性质。
2.
CH3 用四个碳或四个碳以下的有机原料合成 H2C CHCH2 O CCH2CH2CH3 CH3 CH3 CH3 H2C CHCH2Br + NaO CCH2CH2CH3 H2C CHCH2 O CCH2CH2CH3 CH3 CH3 NBS H2C CHCH3
Cl
OH Cl
H3 O ,
Cl
N2SO4H Cl
Cl
NO2
(1). Fe/HCl (2). NaNO2 + H2SO4 0~5℃
Cl
CHCl3 KOH
Cl
混酸
考点：1. 卡宾的制备及应用（烯烃的环丙烷化） ；2. 重氮盐的性质；
14
13.
CH3 CH3
CH3
CH3
Br
CH3
H3PO2 +H 2O
CH3 N2Cl
51.
O O , CH2=CHCCH3 CO2Et O
52.
由苯酚及不超过 4 个碳原子的有机原料和其他必要试剂合成
O O O NH 2 N
8
考研经典合成题 第二套 答案及考点分析
1.
O , O H O
(1). O 3 (2). Zn/H 2o H 3PO 4
O H O HO
MgBr
(1). (2). H 3 O
CH3
NH2
H 3O
CH3
NHCOCH3
O2 N
混酸
CH3
CH3
NO2
Fe+HCl
CH3
NH2
CH3COCl
CH3
NHCOCH3
SO3H
(1)硝化 (2)H 2O,
CH3
H2SO4 100℃
考点：①位阻导向基团的应用，磺化占位 ②氨基保护 ③重氮化反应及各种官能团的相互转化
12.
Cl Cl OH
Cl
NaCN
NCCH2CH2CN
CO2H CO2H
考点：1. 利用格氏试剂制备醇 2. Friedel-Crafts 酰基化反应 3. Clemmensen 还原反应
4. 二元酸的性质
4.
CH 3 O OH
NO2
O
OH O O O
CH2MgBr O
Mg, Et2O
O CH2Br
(1). NO2
(2). H3O
O CH3 +
(1). CH3I (2). H3O
N CH3 CH3 NH2
N CH2 O N
CH3
(1).混酸 (2). H3O
CH3 + N H
p-CH3C6H4SO3H C6H6
浓H2SO4
SO3H
考点：1. 烯胺的制备与应用；2. 硝化，磺化，还原，亲核加成等。
考研经典合成题 第二套
1.
O , O H O
2.
用四个碳或四个碳以下的有机原料合成 H2C CHCH 2 CH 3 O CCH 2CH 2CH3 CH 3
3.
HO 由苯和不超过C2的有机原料及必要的无机试剂合成
4.
CH 3 O OH
NO2
5.
CH3 (CH2)4CH2OH CH3(CH2)5CHO
6.
SO3H
混酸
浓 H2SO4 100℃
Br2, FeBr3
SO3H
SO3H
考点：苯的亲电取代，硝基、磺化、卤代及氧化
12
9.
HO N N CN CN Br OH CN
弱碱
N2Cl + CN CN Br NaNO2+HCl
0~5℃
NH2
HO
N N CN Br
Br CN
(1). H3O (2). OH
NHCOCH3
CH 2OH
考点：1. 丙二酸二乙酯的烷基化； 2. 交叉羟醛缩合； 3. 羰基的亲核加成（加 HCN） 。
16.
O , CH2(CO2Et)2
O CO2H
(1). SOCl2 (2). Me2CuLi (1). OH , H2O _ (2). H +, , CO2
CO2Et CO2Et
Br
NBS
CH2(CO 2Et)2 NaOEt
混酸
NHCOCH3
NHCOCH3
KCN
NHCOCH3
Br
CH3COCl
Br (2). NaNO +HCl 2 NO2 NO2
0~5℃
(1). Fe/HCl
Br CuCN N2 CN
Br
NH2
Fe/HCl
NO2
混酸
Br OH N2Cl
Br
Br2,FeBr3
NO2
NO2
CN
H2O,H2SO 4
CN (1). Fe/HCl
CH3
CH3
Br
14. 由 C3 以下化合物合成
HOOC CO2 H
2
15.
HO O 用 ≤C5 原料 O
16.
O , CH2(CO2Et)2
17.
O , CH 3 CH 3 N CH 3
18. 用 CH2(CO2Et)2 和 C4 以下化合物为原料合成目标化合物