2018成人高等学校招生全国统一考试
2018年成人高等学校招生全国统一考试高起点《英语》试卷及答案解析-精选.pdf
2018年成人高等学校招生全国统一考试高起点英语本试卷分第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷(非选择题)两部分，满分150分。
考试时间120分钟。
第Ⅰ卷（选择题，共105分）一、语音知识：共5小题；每题 1.5分，共7.5分。
在下列每组单词中，有一个单词的划线部分与其他单词的划线部分的读音不同。
找出这个词。
1. A heat B clean C break D peace2. A. father B. thief C. neither D. thus3. A bear B wear C pear D. hear4.A. use B. excuse C. button D. music5. A. allow B power C. brown D below二、词汇与语法知识：共15小题；每题1.5分，共225分。
从每小题的四个选择项中，选出最佳的一项。
6. -Was the gentlemans name David?-No. I don't think so, but ,go on,please.A. many thanksB. I' d like toC. not at allD. never mine7. Our manager is not in right now. Can I a message?A. leaveB. takeC. giveD. write8. George ought to have arrived this time.A. duringB. onC in D. by9. Once Johnny starts painting a picture, he won't stop until it ..A had been finished B. was finishedC is finished D. will be finished10. The girl is waiting for her aunt on side of the road.A. otherB. the otherC. anotherD. one other11. I never seem to have any time with my parents.A to spendB spentC. having spen D spend12.-The story is too hard to understand-Yes, it's short and there aren't many new words in it.A. sInce B becauseC if D. though13.- will John get to the company?-In three hoursA. How soon B How longC How often D. How fast14.They all looked so happy. They have succeeded after so many failures.A. must B wouldC shouldD could15. I came across this old book while I my roomA. cleanB. will cleanC have cleanedD was cleaning16.Tom is than George, but John is the of the threeA tallest: taller B. taller: tallestC tall: taller D. taller: tall17. The teacher asked all the students in the class to keep their eyes for a minute.A. closeB. closedC to close D. closing18. In the last five years the city out rapidly in all directions.A has spreadB has been spreadC. was spread D spread19. I think Vic feels surprised by the fact I' m smarter than he is.A. why B whichC when D. that20. A good teacher must be too strict too weak.A. either: orB. neither: norC. not only; but alsoD. both;and三、完形填空共15小题；每题2分，共30分。
2018年成考高起点语文真题及答案
2018年成人高等学校高起点招生全国统一考试语文本试卷分第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷(非选择题)两部分，满分150分。
考试时间120分钟。
第Ⅰ卷（选择题，共40分）一、语文知识与语言运用。
（24分，每小题4分）二、阅读下面文字，完成7~10题。
(16分，每小题4分)面对一棵大树，人们经常会赞美阳光下勤勤恳恳的绿叶，它们是充满工作热情的榜样；也会大力讴歌居于地下默默无闻的树根，那可是无私奉献的楷模。
可是很少有人会去深究：根吸收的水分和氮、磷、钾等矿物质是如何被送上技头的?绿叶做成的“面包”又是如何完成对根的能量补给的?其实，在它们之间有一道有序有效的“桥梁”，这就是维管束。
说到维管束，先要说绿色植物的发展和进化。
如果绿色植物一直生活在水中的话，那么几乎所有的细胞都可以与环境亲密接触，就谈不上谁给谁提供什么，自然也就不需要什么运输通道。
然而，植物要走上陆地，要争取更多的空间，就不能总趴在地上。
为了地上部分不至于离开水而死亡，一些细胞开始扮演专职交通员的角色。
最原始的细胞，连成了管道，管道聚合成了管道束，一条运输养分的高速公路就此修建了起来，这就是维管束。
最先在陆地上站稳脚跟的，正是率先装备了维管束系统的蕨类植物。
它们在陆地环境中超越了苔藓，取得领先地位，并不断被继承、发展和优化。
维管来表现植物智慧的地方在于，它们不光是设了适输桥果，还对桥梁用途进行了划分，包含舍着植物进化中对提高运输效率的考量。
根据维管束自身构造及其运输功能的差别，维管束又可以分为木质部和韧皮部。
一般来说，木质部居于树干中心，由管胞或者导管连接而成，负责运输水分和矿物质。
俗话说，“树活一层皮”，韧皮部就处在这树皮中，负责从上到下运输蔗糖等碳水化合物。
除了运输物品有别之外，木质部和韧皮部还有一个关键的区别，就是成熟的木质部细胞都是死的，而成熟韧皮部的筛管细胞都是活的。
并且由于筛管运输的是大分子有机物，所以在精简了细胞结构、增强了透性的筛管细胞中还有一种被称为“伴胞”的小细胞，负责提供支援。
2018年成人高等学校招生全国统一考试专升本《政治》试题及答案解析
2018 年成人高等学校招生全国统一考试专升本政治本试卷分第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷(非选择题 )两部分，满分 150 分。
考试时间 150分钟。
一、选择题： 1~40 小题，每小题2 分，共 80 分，在每小题给出的四个选项中，选出一项最符合题目要求的。
1.可知论与不可知论的区别在于如何回答（）A. 世界的本质是什么的问题B.世界有无统一性的问题C.世界的存在是怎样的问题D.世界可否被认识的问题2.相对静止是物质运动在一定条件下的稳定状态，这是一种（）A. 唯物辩证法的观点B.形而上学的观点C.庸俗唯物主义的观点D.相对主义诡辩论的观点3.联系的观点和发展的观点是唯物辩证法的（）A. 实质B.总特征C.核心D.总规律4.和谐是矛盾的一种特殊表现形式，体现着矛盾双方的（）A. 绝对同B.相互分离C.相互依存D.绝对排斥5.在认识的本质问题上，唯物主义认识路线与唯心主义认识路线的对立表现为（）A. 一元论与二元论的对立B.反映论与先验论的对立C.可知论与不可知论的对立D.能动反映论与直观反映论的对立6.实践是检验真理的唯一标准.这是因为（）A. 实践具有自觉能动性的特点 B.实践是认识的来源C.实践具有直接现实性的特点D.实践是认识的目的7.社会存在指的是（）A. 社会的物质生活条件B.生产关系的各个方面C.社会的物质财富D.生产力的基本要素8.生产关系包括多方面的容，其中具有决定意义的是（）A. 产品分配关系B.生产中人与人的关系C.产品交换关系D.生产资料所有制关系9.上层建筑的两个组成部分是（）A. 意识形态和政治上层建筑B.意识形态和观念上层建筑C.政治制度和法律制度D.政治思想和法律思想10.社会革命和改革都根源于（）A. 新理念和传统观念的矛盾B.人口增长和资源匮乏的矛盾C.生产力和生产关系的矛盾D.社会存在和社会意识的矛盾11.在历史创造者问题上，两种根本对立的观点是（）A. 决定论和非决定论B.宿命论和唯意志论C.可知论和不可知论D.英雄史观和群众史观12.鸦片战争后，中国贫穷落后和一切灾祸的总根源是（）A. 帝国主义的压迫B.封建主义的压迫C.官僚资本主义的压迫D.民族资本主义的压迫13.新主义革命与旧主义革命的根本区别在于革命的（）A. 对象不同B.领导权不同C.动力不同D.前途不同14.指出：“在中国，离开了武装斗争，就没有无产阶级的地位，就没有人民的地位、就没有共产党的地位，就没有革命的胜利。
2018年成人高等学校招生全国统一考试高起点《英语》试卷及答案解析.doc
2018 年成人高等学校招生全国统一考试高起点英语本试卷分第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷(非选择题)两部分，满分150 分。
考试时间120 分钟。
第Ⅰ卷（选择题，共105 分）一、语音知识：共 5 小题；每题 1.5 分，共7.5 分。
在下列每组单词中，有一个单词的划线部分与其他单词的划线部分的读音不同。
找出这个词。
1. A heat B clean C break D peace2. A. father B. thief C. neither D. thus3. A bear B wear C pear D. hear4.A. use B. excuse C. button D. music5. A. allow B power C. brown D below二、词汇与语法知识：共15 小题；每题 1.5 分，共225 分。
从每小题的四个选择项中，选出最佳的一项。
6. -Was the gentlemans name David?-No. I don't think so, but ,go on,please.A. many thanksB. I' d like toC. not at allD. never mine7. Our manager is not in right now. Can I a message?A. leaveB. takeC. giveD. write8. George ought to have arrived this time.A. duringB. onC in D. by9. Once Johnny starts painting a picture, he won't stop until it ..A had been finished B. was finishedC is finished D. will be finished10. The girl is waiting for her aunt on side of the road.A. otherB. the otherC. anotherD. one other11. I never seem to have any time with my parents.A to spendB spentC. having spen D spend 12.-Thestory is too hard to understand-Yes, it's short and there aren't many new words in it.A. sInce B becauseC if D. though13.- will John get to the company?-In three hoursA. How soon B How long C Howoften D. How fast14.They all looked so happy. They have succeeded after so many failures.A. must B wouldC shouldD could15. I came across this old book while I my roomA. cleanB. will cleanC have cleanedD was cleaning16.Tom is than George, but John is the of the threeA tallest: taller B. taller: tallestC tall: taller D. taller: tall17. The teacher asked all the students in the class to keep their eyes for a minute.A. closeB. closedC to close D. closing18. In the last five years the city out rapidly in all directions.A has spreadB has been spreadC. was spread D spread19. I think Vic feels surprised by the fact I' m smarter than he is.A. why B whichC when D. that20. A good teacher must be too strict too weak.A. either: orB. neither: norC. not only; but alsoD. both;and三、完形填空共15 小题；每题 2 分，共30 分。
2018年成人高等学校招生全国统一考试专升本真题《艺术概论》
2018年成人高等学校招生全国统一考试专升本真题《艺术概论》1. 【单选题】图中的画作是()A. 《马拉之死》B. 《伊凡·雷帝杀子》C. 《希俄斯的屠杀》D. 《近卫军临刑的早晨》正确答案：A参考解析：【考情点拨】本题考查了绘画艺术作品的相关知识。
【应试指导】《马拉之死》是法国新古典主义运动的先驱雅克•路易•大卫的绘画作品，布面油彩，1793年创作。
作品描写了法国大革命中雅各宾党领导人之一马拉遇害的情景。
2. 【单选题】下列选项中，属于时空艺术的是()A. 戏剧、音乐B. 绘画、雕塑C. 戏剧、影视D. 文学、音乐正确答案：C参考解析：【考情点拨】本题考查了艺术分类的相关知识。
【应试指导】以艺术作品的存在方式为依据，可将艺术分为时空艺术、时间艺术和空间艺术。
戏剧、影视等属于时空艺术；音乐、文学等属于时间艺术；绘画、雕塑等属于空间艺术。
3. 【单选题】主张艺术起源于游戏的美学家是()A. 弗雷泽B. 席勒C. 克罗齐D. 柯林伍德正确答案：B参考解析：【考情点拨】本题考查了艺术活动起源的相关知识。
【应试指导】游戏说认为艺术活动起源于人类所具有的游戏本能。
一方面由于人类具有过剩的精力，另一方面是由于人类可以将这种过剩的精力投入到没有功利性的活动中，于是体现为一种自由的游戏。
德国的席勒、英国学者斯宾塞、德国学者谷鲁斯均持这样的观点。
4. 【单选题】顾恺之《洛神赋图》取材于文学作品《洛神赋》，其原作者是()A. 曹操B. 曹丕C. 曹植D. 曹冲正确答案：C参考解析：【考情点拨】本题考查了绘画艺术作品常识。
【应试指导】《洛神赋图》为东晋画家顾恺之读三国曹魏时期著名文人曹植所写的《洛神赋》后有感而画的，它是千百年来中国历史上最有影响力的名作和最为世人所传颂的名画之一。
5. 【单选题】描绘唐太宗召见松赞干布派遣的和亲使者的i画作是()A. 《清明上河图》B. 《女史箴图》C. 《游春图》D. 《步辇图》正确答案：D参考解析：【考情点拨】本题考查了绘画作品《步辇图》的相关知识。
成人高等学校招生全国统一考试专升本《英语》试题及答案解析
2０1８年成人高等学校招生全国统一考试专升本试题英语第Ⅰ卷(选择题,共12５分)I。
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2018年成人高考(专科起点升本科) 大学语文试题及参考答案
2018年成人高等学校专升本招生全国统一考试大学语文选择题一、 选择题：1—20小题，每小题2分，共40分。
在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的。
1.下列文献中，属于国别体杂史的是A. 《春秋》 B. 《战国策》C. 《史记》 D. 《汉书》2.下列关于孔子的描述，错误的是44A. 倡导“民为贵，社稷次之，君为轻”的民本思想B. 主张治国以礼、为政以德C. 提倡“有教无类”的教育思想D. 晚年整理“六经”3.巴金的“激流三部曲”是指A. 《春蚕》《秋收》《残冬》 B. 《雾》《雨》《电》C. 《家》《春》《秋》 D. 《毁灭》《踪迹》《背影》4. 《张中丞传后叙》讲述了“睢阳保卫战”的故事，同属文中英雄人物的是A. 张巡、许远、贺兰进明 B. 张巡、许远、张籍C. 许远、南霁云、张籍 D. 张巡、许远、南霁云5.下列诗歌在体裁上属于七言律诗的是A. 《山居秋暝》 B. 《关山月·和戎诏下十五年》C. 《蜀相》 D.《白雪歌送武判官归京》6. 《五代史伶官传序》一文的中心论点是A. 盛衰之理，虽曰天命，岂非人事哉？B. 满招损，谦得益C. 忧劳可以兴国，逸豫可以亡身D. 祸患常积于忽微，而智勇多困于所溺7.被列宁称为“中国11世纪的改革家”的是A. 曹操B. 王安石C. 韩愈D. 辛弃疾8. 《边城》《故都的秋》《论快乐》的作者依次是A. 钱钟书、郁达夫、沈从文 B. 沈从文、钱钟书、郁达夫C. 钱钟书、沈从文、郁达夫 D. 沈从文、郁达夫、钱钟书9. 《李将军列传》引用的“其身正，不令而行；其身不正，虽令不从”出自A. 《论语》 B. 《孟子》C. 《礼记》 D. 《韩非子》10.下列文学常识表述完全正确的是A. 茅盾《子夜》、鲁迅《狂人日记》、老舍《骆驼祥子》都是优秀的长篇小说。
B. 郁达夫、冰心、朱自清都是文学研究会的代表作家。
C. 闻一多、徐志摩、梁实秋都是新月派的重要成员。
2018年成人高等学校招生全国统一考试专升本英语试题和参考答案及解析
2018年成人高等学校招生全国统一考试专升本英语第Ⅰ卷(选择题,共125分)I.Phonetics(5points)Directions:In each of the following groups of words,there are four underlined letters or letter combinations marked A,B,Cand pare the underlined parts and identify the onethat is different from the others in pronunciation.Markyour answer by blackening the corresponding letter onthe Answer Sheet.1.A.captain B sustain C.contain D.retain2.A pension B mission C.tension D.revision3.A.actress B.business C.excess D.endlessbination B.climbing C.bamboo D.ambition5.A blew B crew C.sew D.JewII.Vocabulary and Structure(15points)Directions:There are15incomplete sentences in this section For each sentence there are four choices marked A,B,C andD.Choose one answer that best completes thesentence and blacken the corresponding letter on theAnswer Sheet.6.I asked two passers-by how to get to the new railway station,butof them knew it.A.noneB.eitherC.neitherD.both7.--The boss wants to talk to you.He seems unhappy with your performance.--Oh.I be in trouble.I hope he won't fire me.A.mustB.canC.shouldD would8.my daughter reaches the age of eighteen,she can apply for a driving license.A.UnlessB.BecauseC.SinceD.Once9.I'll consider Ms.Smith tonight,but I am not sure if I have the time.A.to seeB.seeingC to have seenD.see10.The train to arrive at11:30,but it was an hour late.A was supposeB is supposedC supposesD.supposed11.Bob doesn't look his age.I think he's somewhere.A.in fortyB.In fortiesC in his fortyD.in his forties12.I feel very excited the thought of joining my family in a week.A.onB.forC.atD.In13.a hotel,we looked for somewhere to have dinner.A.FindingB.Having foundC We findingD.We found14.Despite the sudden breakdown of the General Manager work is going on in the company.A usualB.routineC normalD.regular15.At such a time of crisis,we must try to all differences and stick together.A.set apartB.set backC.set asideD set down16.Many governments are now taking to reduce smoking in public places.A.stepB sidesC.effectD change17.The employees more enthusiastic about their work since their pay rose.A.areB.have beenC.wereD.will be18.Children don't understand initially what they are reciting,but it will have an impact on their thinking.A.casuallyB.especiallyC.regularlyD.gradually19.The university regulations require that the students90%of the lectures.A attendedB.to attendC would attendD attend20.In October2007,the Chang’e-1satellite was successfully at Xichang.unchedB.PresentedC.RegulatedD.EngagedⅢ.Cloze(30points)Directions:For each blank in the following passage,there are four choices marked A,B.C and D.Choose the one that ismost suitable and mark your answer by blackening thecorresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.The destruction of habitats(栖息地)all over the world is the primary reason species are becoming extinct(灭绝)or endangered. Houses,highways,dams,industrial buildings,and ever-spreading farms now dominate21formerly occupied by forests,deserts, and wetlands.22the beginning of European Settlement in America, 23,over65.000.000acres of wetlands have been drained.One million acres alone vanished241985and1995.Habitat destruction can be25or it can be subtle,occurring over a26period of time without being noticed.27such as sewage from cities and chemical runoff fromfarms,can change28and quantity of water in streams and rivers.To29living in a delicately balanced habitat,this disturbance can be as30as the clear-cutting of a rainforest.31remaining habitats are carved into smaller and smaller pockets or islands,remaining species are forced to exist in these32 areas,which causes further habitat33.These species become less adaptable to environmental34;1n fact,they become35 endangered.Scientists believe that when a habitat is cut by90%,one-half of its plants,animals and insects will become extinct.ndscapesB.citiesC.mapsD.pictures22.A.AtB.BeforeC.AfterD.Since23.A.for exampleB.in additionC.at lastD.after all24.A.bothB.inC.betweenD.before25.A.simpleB.beneficialC interestingD.obvious26.A longB.shortC happyD.sad27.A ConstructionB.PollutionC.FarmingD.Living28.A.amountB.purityC.natureD.quality29.A.peopleB.speciesC.plantsD.insects30.A.effectiveB.smallC.fatalD.surprising31.A.HowB.WhetherC BeforeD.As32.A.crowdedB.extensivergeD.bare33.A reformB.destructionC.supportD.discovery34.A.improvementsB.changesC.protectionD.development35.A.evenB.farC.moreD.lessIV.Reading Comprehension(60points)Directions:There are five reading passages in this part.Eachpassage is followed by four questions For each questionthere are four suggested answers marked A,B,C and D.Choose the best answer and blacken the correspondingletter on the Answer Sheet.Passage OneWoman nabbed for a DUI at same crash spotWed May21,2:17AM ETTRUCKEE,Calif.-Call it drunken driving deja vu(记忆幻觉).For the second time in five months,a23-year-old California woman has been arrested after she crashed her car while driving under the influence(DUI)at the exact same spot north of Lake Tahoe.And to top it off,Truckee Police say that in both cases,her blood alcohol content was more than three times the legal limit.The police say Melissa Dennison of Truckee crashed at about noon on Sunday on Glenshire Drive just south of the Glenshire Bridge.They say she was extremely drunk and had trouble standing or walking.Her blood alcohol level initially was measured at346. The legal limit is.08.Sergeant J.Litchie said Dennison also had been charged with a DUI in January when she crashed at the same spot and registered a blood alcohol level of.380.If found guilty of the second offense,she faces up to10years in prison and fines in excess of$2,000.A telephone message the Associated Press left at a listing for Dennison in Truckee on Tuesday was not immediately returned. 36.Who is the author of the passage?A.A passenger.B A policeman.C.A judge.D.A journalist.37.Why couldn't the woman stand and walk?A.She had lost too much blood.B.She was scared.C She drank too much.D.She had a sudden stomachache.38.Why could the woman be Imprisoned for10years?A.She was caught DUI twice.B.She had her car crashed.C.She refused to take a blood test.D.She drove without a driving license.39.What does the word"nabbed"in the title mean?A.Arrested.B.Attacked.C.Charged.D.Punished.Passage TwoThere were many different cultures in the ancient world,butthe two that had the most influence on European and American civilizations were the Greek and the Roman.Often these two cultures are lumped together in our minds,as if they were really exactly alike.But that is not the case.In many ways the Greeks and the Romans could not have been more different.The Greeks were truly democratic,often without a single leader but instead governed by a group of men chosen by the people.The Romans were semi-democratic.They had a governing Senate,but the political power was mostly or completely in the hands of a single emperor.Both cultures were great builders.But the construction interests of the two cultures were also different.The Greeks tended to be more artistic.Their buildings were well constructed and they were especially interested in temples,columns,and decorative forms.The Romans,on the other hand,were more engineers than artists.They concentrated their efforts on urban planning,well-functioning water pipes,and the best roads.Only in cooking and eating habits are the two cultures really similar.Both peoples ate very well indeed:lots of fish,fresh vegetables and fruits,healthy meals,holding at the same time long discussions and tasting excellent wines.In fact,it would probably be fair to say that they both loved lifein their warm,sea-oriented climates,and they both lived a full life.40.What is the first paragraph about?A.The Greek and the Roman were similar.B People misunderstood European civilization.C.Greek civilization was quite different from Roman civilization.D.European civilization influenced American civilization greatly.41.Which of the following is TRUE?A.The Romans had more political awareness.B.The Romans had less political freedom and democracy.C.The Romans had more freedom to choose their leader.D.The Romans had fewer people elected into the government.42.What were the Greeks famous for?A.The overall planning of a city or a town.B.The artistic decoration of the buildings.C.The practical functions of the buildings.D.The system of water supply and transportation.3.How are the two cultures alike?A.Both loved the sea.B.Both lived long lives.C.Both loved cooking.D Both enjoyed talking over meals.Passage ThreeAs recently as three decades ago,many Americans believed that using credit was an unwise and dangerous way to pay for what they bought.Some even thought that owing money to a store or a thing to be credit company was something to be ashamed of.Good citizens,they believed,always bought what they wanted with real money and they paid the full price immediately.Today,however,all that has changed.Credit,as some observers have noted,has become a way of life in the United States. More and more Americans now are depending on those small pieces of plastic,credit cards,to pay for large purchases such as televisions,record players or furniture.Many people today would consider it unusual not to use a credit card to pay for a costly restaurant diner,a hotel room or an airline trip.And there are some situations in which Americans must have credit cards.If they want the temporary use of a car,for example,they first must give the car rental company the number of their credit card.That number is considered a guarantee that they will return the car and pay for using it.Credit cards otter two major services to Americans.First of all, they are easier and safer to carry than large amounts of money. Second,they permit people to borrow,to have the immediatepleasure of owning something,even if they do not have enough money to pay for it at the time.With credit cards people pay for goods or services at the end of each month instead of when they buy them.And when the time does come to pay,most credit cards offer people a choice.They can pay all of what they owe for the month or they can just pay usually between5and10percent of what they owe.44.What do Americans feel about using credit cards nowadays according to the passage?A.They consider it valuable.B.They regard it as a shame.C.They think it dangerous.D.They find it quite convenient.45.Why does the car rental company ask for the credit card number?A.To prevent the overuse of the car.B.To make sure that the car won't be damaged.C.To make sure the user return the car and pay for using it.D.To ensure that the car is safely and timely returned46.What advantage can credit card holders have？A.They can choose not to pay for their purchasesB.They can easily borrow money at a lower interestC.They can own something before they actually pay for it.D.They can pay only a small amount of what they owe.47.What is the best tittle for the passage?A.Credit--a Way of Life in AmericaB.Credit Services in America.C.Convenience of Living in AmericaD.History of Credit Cards in AmericaPassage FourAt the1893Columbian Exposition,a World Fair held in Chicago, chocolate-making machinery made in Germany was displayed.It caught the eye of M.S.Hershey,who saw the potential for chocolate.He installed chocolate machinery in his factory in Lancaster,and produced his first chocolate bars in1894.Other Americans began mixing in other materials to make up new candy bars throughout the end of the1890's and the early 1900's.But it was World War I that really brought attention to the candy bar.The U.S.Army Quartermaster Corps requested various American chocolate manufacturers to provide20to40pound blocks of chocolate to be shipped to quartermaster bases.The blocks were cut into smaller pieces and distributed to American soldiers in Europe.Eventually the task of making smaller pieces wasturned back to the manufacturers.By the end of the war when the soldiers arrived home,the American candy bar business was assured.Why?Because the returning soldiers had grown fond of chocolate candy and wanted more of the same.As a result.from that time on and through the1920’s,candy bar manufacturers became established throughout the United States,and as many as 40,000different candy bars appeared on the scene.The original candy bar industry had its start on the eastern coast in such cities as Philadelphia,Boston,and New York.The industry soon spread to the Midwest because shipping and raw materials such as sugar,corn syrup,and milk were easily available. Chicago became the seat of the candy bar industry and is even today an important base.48.Why did M.S.Hershey start the production of chocolate bars?A.He was deeply impressed by the Columbian Exposition.B.He realized that it was possible for chocolate to become popular.C.There was nothing to produce in his factory in Lancaster.D.He was interested in the chocolate machinery displayed at the fair.49.Which event brought the booming of American candy bar business?A.The adding of new materialsB.The demand in the army during WWIC The purchase of new machinesD.The appearance of smaller candy bars50.What does the underlined word"seat"in the last paragraph most probably mean?A.FocusB.PositionC.ChairD.Center51.What is this passage mainly about?A.A World Fair held in Chicago in1893.B.The popularity of the American candy bar industry.C.The candy bar industry during World War I.D.The spread of the candy bar business to the Midwest.Passage FiveMark Twain is one of America's much-beloved authors, creating imaginative and humorous classics for children and adults alike,such as The Adventures of Tom Sawyer,The Prince and The Pauper,and Adventures of Huckleberry Finn.Twain passed away in 1910,leaving behind a treasure of great literature.But now,100 years after his death,he'll have a brand-new book on the shelves:a three-volume autobiography.Twain hasn't been keeping busy in his tomb:it was his wish that publishers wait until100years after his death to publish his memoirs(自传),which he spent the last decade of his life working on.The autobiography totals more than5,000pages,and likely won't be all sunshine and roses.It seems that Twain harbored some bitterness against former girlfriends and ex-friends.He also writes negatively about politicians of his day,such as Teddy Roosevelt.It,s likely that he requested such a long lead time for the memoirs because he didn't want to hurt the feelings of anyone mentioned in this work.Although small sections of the memoirs have been previously published,the autobiography has never been available in full,and should provide great insights into the man behind he classic books.The first volume of the set will be available in November,and the trilogy is being published by the University of California, Berkeley.There are so many biographies of Twain,and many of them have used bits and pieces of the autobiography,editor Robert Hirst told The Independent."But biographers pick and choose what bits to quote.By publishing wain's book in full,we hope that people will be able to come to their own complete conclusions about what sortof a man he was.”52.According to Paragraph1,which of the following statements is TRUE of Mark Twain？A.He left behind lots of money.B.His works were written for children.C.His works are full of adventures.D.He is famous for his great works.53.What can we learn about Mark Twain's autobiography from the passage?A.It has been published against Twain's will.B.It shows Twain's respect for politicians.C.It will be published in full.D.It has been recently finished.54.What does the underlined word"trilogy"in Paragraph4 mean?A.A work in three volumes.B An imaginative work.C.A collection of stories.D.Memoirs of famous people.55.What is the purpose of publishing Twain's autobiography?A.To supplement other biographies.B.To help readers to understand Mark Twain.C.To introduce Mark Twain's works.D.To expose new discoveries about Mark Twain.V.Daily Conversation(15points) Directions:Pick out appropriate expressions from the eight choices below and complete the following dialogue byblackening the corresponding letter on the AnswerSheet.A.When shall we set offB.What is the timeC.have a wonderful timeD.start packingE.be great funF.What could I getG.What should I takeH.where toMary:How do you like the idea of having a picnic this Saturday? John:Wonderful.But56？Mary:What about the Blue Mountain?It's quite cool there. John:That's a good idea.Shall we invite Michael and his girlfriend to go with us?Mary:Sure!It would57to have them with us.John:Good!58?Mary:You could buy some drinks and sandwiches And some fruit, too.John:OK.59?Mary:How about8o'clock in the morning?It takes about two hours to get there.John:OK.I'll call Michael and tell him about our plan.We sure will 60.第Ⅱ卷(非选择题,共25分)Ⅵ.Writing(25points)Directions:For this part,you are supposed to write an essay inEnglish in100-120words based on the Followinginformation.Remember to write it clearly.61.你(Li Yuan)的同学王晶打算在校内找一份临时工作,给她写一封电子邮件,内容包括:·你从校园网上获得图书馆招工的信息;招聘人数为5-10人;·对应聘人员的要求(如必须是本校学生、可周末上班等);·面试时间和地点·鼓励她抓住此机会,前去面试。
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绝密★启用前2017年成人高等学校招生全国统一考试语文试题本试卷分第Ⅰ卷(选择题)和第Ⅱ卷(非选择题)两部分。
满分150分。
考试时间120分钟。
第Ⅰ卷(选择题,共40分)一、语文知识与语言运用。
(24分，每小题4分)1.下列词语中加点字的读音全都不相同的一组是（）。
A.乘载乘凉乘风破浪B.传媒传奇不见经传C.总括训诂沽名钓誉D.法度度量审时度势2.下列各组词语中的一项是（）。
A.际遇辑录风雨飘遥B.蒙昧迷惘处之泰然C.豁达墨契简明厄要D.料俏羁伴似无忌惮3.依次填入下列横线处的词语，恰当的一项是（）。
远方山边的牧民帐篷上，升起了青烟，一群群牛羊如星星般在翠绿的草原上。
我想象中的长江源头“无人区”并没有出现，反倒是田园牧歌的景象.A.悠悠点缀一览B.袅袅连缀一派C.悠悠连缀一览D.袅袅点缀一派4.下列各句中加点成语的使用，不正确的一项是（）。
A.可可西里这个昔日疮痍满目的盗猎场，如今动植物繁盛，已成为高原物种基因库。
B.近日，由于强降雨的作用，这个瀑布水量大涨，湍流直下，声势浩大，气壮山河。
C.中国经济的发展成就有目共睹，其智慧与经验颇值得其他发展中国家学习和借鉴。
D.整个舞台空灵而富有诗意，充满时尚感，似行云流水，出神入化，令人叹为观止。
5.下列各句中，有语病的一项是（）。
A.士者国之宝，人才尤其是高端人才，各地都争相延聘，呈现出越来越高的流动。
B.这一报告显示，高等职业教育就业率持续走高，毕业生对经济发展的贡献颇大。
C.改善民生是个动态过程，随着社会保障水平的提高，老百姓的要求也越来越高。
D.以智能化为核心的又一次工业革命正席卷而来，改变着人类生活的方方面面。
6.依次填入下面横线处的语句，顺序最恰当的一项是（）。
山里的樱花，远远望去，有娇羞地，也有，更多的则是，独自盛开，和周围的青山、树木、杂草，以及那些不知名的小花。
①掩映在树林里的②大片大片怒放的③开得格外灿烂④三三两两地散落着⑤相映成趣A.①③②⑤④B.②①③⑤④C.③①②④⑤D.③②④①⑤二、阅读下面文字。
完成7～10题。
(16分，每小题4分)近些年，关于缅甸琥珀的研究不断取得重要进展，如在琥珀中发现了样子古怪的陷阱蚂蚁，全新的昆虫类群——奇翅目，以及反鸟类的翅膀等。
现在，琥珀里竟然出现了恐龙的身影——一小截恐龙尾巴。
这块琥珀可以被小孩轻松地攥在手心里，琥珀里的这截尾巴很短，完全展开后只有约6厘米长，估计尾巴的主人身长也只有18厘米多，是一条非常迷你的幼体小恐龙。
那么，仅凭短短的一小截尾巴，研究人员如何鉴定出它是属于恐龙的呢?为了获得可靠的数据，我们需要对样本进行细致的分析，但是通常不会为了取出琥珀里的样本而破开琥珀。
因为经过了漫长的岁月，样本已经变得非常脆弱，损毁的风险很大。
好在现在有了电子计算机断层扫描(显微CT)和同步辐射等技术，可以对样本进行无损检测和研究。
这样不仅能够获得样本的表面形态，而且能透过浓密的羽毛获取样本部的结构特征，分辨率极高。
经过无损扫描处理后，就可以通过数据分析对样本进行三维建模。
根据扫描重建的三维图像，研究团队发现，这条只有6厘米长的尾巴至少含有9节尾椎，尾椎骨形态与反鸟等古鸟类明显不同;其椎骨腹面存在明显的沟槽结构，与典型的非鸟恐龙类似。
我们推测，尾巴的主人应该属于手盗龙类。
人们对恐龙有着怎样的印象?在影视作品中，绝大部分恐龙以覆盖着粗糙皮肤的形象出场。
如今，通过这截保存在琥珀里的恐龙尾巴，我们第一次看到如此生动的恐龙组织——羽毛，从而印证了之前古生物学家关于世界上存在过带羽毛的恐龙的推断。
这些羽毛相当蓬松，扫描得到的三维图像非常清晰地显示出尾巴上羽毛的位置和排列方式。
不仅如此，我们还能看到这些羽毛的细节：与现代鸟类羽轴两侧左右不对称的情况不同，原始的恐龙羽毛是左右对称的，而且与现代鸟类羽毛的分又方式也有所区别。
今天，我们已经能大致勾画出从恐龙到鸟的羽毛演化过程。
最初的羽毛是单根的丝状毛，之后出现了丛生的毛。
接下来，这些丛生的毛要么产生分叉，要么变成一根羽轴上的小枝。
总之，演化的分歧产生了。
之后，更复杂的结构出现了——羽轴两侧不仅对称地分出小枝，小枝也分出更小一级的羽小枝。
这次发现的保存在琥珀里的恐龙尾巴就处于这个演化过程中。
再往后，羽毛继续演化，各种不对称分支逐渐出现，直到现代鸟类的羽轴两侧的小枝不再等长对称，形成了左右不对称的羽毛。
因此，保存在琥珀中的这截恐龙尾巴不仅体现了羽毛演化过程中的一个环节，而且印证了这些羽毛的古老性。
这截尾巴经历了约9900万年的时间，其中的DNA已经高度降解，无法提供有意义的DNA片段了，人们不可能借此复活恐龙。
但是，研究团队采用同步辐射装置的X射线荧光成像法获得了尾椎化石断面的微量元素分布图，其中80%以上的铁元素为二价铁离子，这应该是血红蛋白的遗迹。
也就是说，我们将来有可能对其残存的蛋白质进行分析。
(据《大自然>>2017年第3期冉浩撰文)7.对第一段容的理解或分析，正确的一项是（）。
A.“琥珀的研究”，是指研究琥珀中的生物样本，如蚂蚁等。
B.“非常迷你”，表明了尾巴主人的性格是非常温顺可爱的。
C.研究人员不“破开琥珀”，是因为怕承担损毁样本的风险。
D.“无损扫描”，样本的外部构造和部成分都会显现出来。
8.对第二段容的理解或分析，正确的一项是（）。
A.尾椎骨的长短，决定了尾巴主人是一种古鸟还是一种非鸟恐龙。
B.影视作品多数恐龙“覆盖着粗糙皮肤的形象”是不正确的。
C.“如此生动的恐龙组织”，形象地揭示了恐龙羽毛的特殊功用。
D.羽轴两侧是否对称，是带羽毛恐龙和现代鸟类的区别之一。
9.对第三段中描述的“羽毛演化过程”的理解，正确的一项是（）。
A.最初的羽毛是丛生的，之后产生分叉或小枝。
B.最初的羽毛是单根的，之后产生对称状丝毛。
C.羽毛演化过程，表现为羽枝不断分化的过程。
D.琥珀中的恐龙尾巴见证了羽毛演化的全过程。
10.下列文中语句，最适合做本文标题的一项是（）。
A.一小截恐龙尾巴B.琥珀里的恐龙尾巴C.带羽毛的恐龙D.羽毛的古老性第Ⅱ卷(非选择题，共110分)三、(25分)阅读下面的现代文，完成11～14题。
村里没有人喊他们吹鼓佬。
我就自作主把他们称为吹鼓手。
吹鼓手也是手艺人，位于九佬十八匠的九佬之末，这是书面上的事，村人并不太理会，他们在乎的是在生活面前卖不卖力。
无疑，吹鼓手从来不偷懒。
从乐器跑出来的声音，清清楚楚地展示着他们的筋道。
滥竽充数，那又是书上的故事。
他们一共也只有五个人，谁充谁的数啊。
打我有记忆起，他们一直是这么一个组合，锣、鼓、唢呐、镲……一人负责一样乐器，像农民种萝卜，一个萝卜一个坑。
我有时怀疑，他们像一只巨手，把村庄举起来又放下去，放下去又举起来，为村民的情绪寻找适当的位置。
他们正值壮年，乐声特别结实，往上是抛，朝下是掼，向前是推。
他们人前是农民，人后还是农民。
手中的乐器没有改变他们的身份，村人对他们的称谓同样也没有影响到他们的生活。
他们精心分配着身上的力气，知道棉花地里花多少力气，黄豆地里使多少劲，锣师傅、鼓师傅、镲师傅的称谓上花多大的力，这一本账算得清清楚楚，明明白白。
伺候稼禾，才是他们真正的特长。
开春点豆种瓜，入夏施肥除虫，什么节气干什么活，心里根本不用盘算。
给村人当吹鼓手只是生计的一小部分，就像一块田的边角料上种了几棵菜秧。
他们跟泥土打了一辈子的交道，踩下的脚印比他们吹出的音符还多。
他们的脚印只有记得住，可的回忆只躺在纸上。
他们永远挤不进村庄外的记忆里。
他们的乐器与农具并排挂在墙上，似乎提醒乐器也属于。
他们用藏垢纳污的手指按下一个个乐孔，敲响声声鼓，穿针引线似的推送出一个个音符。
他们像收割庄稼一样，把一个个音符撂倒，捧起，打结。
他们把自己也当成最后一茬作物。
敲锣的是他们的队长，走在最前面，锵锵锵，锵锵锵，似乎给后面的音符指路。
鼓声往这边奔，唢呐朝那边跑，还有镲，顺着鼓声追。
平时寂寞惯了的村庄突然变得拥挤，多出来了许多东西，谁也清点不过来。
大家对村庄失去的东西并不在意，何况每天都有东西在丢失，包括记忆、往事。
而对于莫名其妙多出来的东西，大家很警惕，也很敏感：谁家有事?有女出嫁，请他们过来吹。
他们铿铿锵锵，敲出红轿子;他们哩哩啰啰，掀起了轿帘子;他们呜呜啊啊，抬起了新娘子。
他们锣鼓喧天，他们吹吹打打，把出嫁的女儿吹得哭哭啼啼。
家里有人出殡，也请他们吹一吹。
他们给唢呐、锣、鼓系上一条白布儿，用乐声领着孝子孝女。
他们吹得呜呜咽咽，一会儿急，一会儿缓，不住地把人引入悲伤。
尤其是那唢呐，如泣如诉，似乎那是死者对生者的留恋。
乐声飘荡，那是一个个标点符号，伤心处是感叹号，追忆时是省略号，引起亲人痛哭时是顿号，到了墓地时紧紧凑凑的便是句号。
吹鼓手是乡问的乐师，他们用自己的技艺赚着一份微薄的生计。
与其他手艺者相比，他们的地位有些许卑微，替人助助兴而已。
所以，很多人虽然喜欢听吹鼓手的乐曲，但不希望自己的子女去学那玩意儿。
慢慢地，吹鼓手们的乐声越来越老了，曲儿，腔儿，松松垮垮，他们再也吹不出能满村飘的音符。
(节选自干亚群《他们给村庄打个结》) 11.文章开头一段说“这是书面上的事”，又说“那又是书上的故事”。
请结合具体语境，说说这两句话表达了怎样的意思。
(6分)答：。
12.文中写道：“他们像一只巨手，把村庄举起来又放下去，放下去又举起来，为村民的情绪寻找适当的位置。
”如何理解这句话的深意?(6分)答：。
13.吹鼓手们是如何定位自己的身份的?对“他们把自己也当成最后一茬作物”这句话，你是怎样理解的?(7分)答：。
14.文中运用了大量叠词，如“清清楚楚”“哩哩哕哕”等。
这些叠词主要有怎样的表达效果?列举几个四字叠词加以说明。
(6分)答：。
四、(25分)阅读下面的文言文，完成15～17题。
灵公好妇人而丈夫饰者，国人尽服之。
公使吏禁之，日：“女子而男子饰者，裂其衣，断其带。
”裂衣断带相望而不止。
晏子见，公问日：“使吏禁女子而男子饰，裂断其衣带，相至而不止者，何也?”晏子对曰：“君使服之于，而禁之于外，犹悬牛首于门，而卖马肉于也。
公何以不使勿服，则外莫敢为也。
”公日：“善。
”使勿服。
逾月，而国莫之服。
(《晏子春秋·篇·杂下》)【注】灵公：齐灵公，春秋时齐国国君。
国：国都。
15.翻译文中画线的句子。
(5分)答：。
16.晏子劝说齐灵公，用了一个什么比喻?这个比喻表达了怎样的意思?(5分) 答：。
17.这篇小故事，说明了一个怎样的道理?请简要分析。
(6分)答：。
阅读下面的古诗，完成l8～19题。
暮江吟[唐]白居易一道残阳铺水中，半江瑟瑟半江红。
可怜九月初三夜，露似真珠月似弓。
【注】瑟瑟：一种碧玉。
可怜：可爱。
真珠：即珍珠。
18.诗的第二句“半江瑟瑟半江红”，写出了江水怎样的特点?请简要分析。
(4分) 答：。