法律英语专题：侵权法(tort-law)知识分享
法律英语讲座之8+侵权行为法(上)
今天我们要介绍的法律英语内容可能是与各位读者的生活最为息息相关的——侵权行为法（Ｔｏｒｔ Ｌａｗ）的内容。
１人们在日常生活中总是要碰到各种各样的利益纠纷，最常见的就是“侵权行为”一类的法律问题。
那么下面我们就来看看英美法系中一些重要的侵权法方面的概念以及它们的表达方式。
（一）历史渊源Ｔｈｅ ｈｉｓｔｏｒｙ ｏｆ Ａｎｇｌｏ－Ａｍｅｒｉｃａｎ ｔｏｒｔ ｌａｗ ｃａｎ ｂｅ ｔｒａｃｅｄ ｂａｃｋ ｔｏ ｔｈｅ ａｃｔｉｏｎ ｆｏｒ ｔｒｅｓｐａｓｓ ｔｏ ｐｒｏｐｅｒｔｙ ｏｒ ｔｏｔｈｅ ｐｅｒｓｏｎ．英美侵权行为法的历史可追溯到侵害财产权或者侵害人身权之诉。
Ｔｒｅｓｐａｓｓ ｔｏ ｐｒｏｐｅｒｔｙ ｏｒ ｔｏ ｔｈｅ ｐｅｒｓｏｎ，可以说是侵权法上最重要也是最基本的概念，它告诉我们侵权法的基本分类：对人身（ｔｏｒｔ ａｇａｉｎｓｔ ｐｅｒｓｏｎ）和对财产（ｔｏｒｔ ａｇａｉｎｓｔ ｐｒｏｐｅｒｔｙ）的侵犯这两类。
所以聪明的读者可能已经了解笔者接下去介绍的思路了吧。
在转入正题之前，笔者觉得有义务向大家介绍一下几个容易混淆的法律名词：Ｃｒｉｍｅ ＆ Ｔｏｒｔ相信大家都能理解ｃｒｉｍｅ （犯罪）和ｔｏｒｔ（侵权）同属于ｗｒｏｎｇ （不法行为）一个大类之下，但它们的区别如何呢？请看例句的解释——Ａ ｃｒｉｍｅ ｉｓ ａｎ ａｃｔ ｓｏ ｒｅｐｒｅｈｅｎｓｉｂｌｅ ｔｈａｔ ｉｔ ｉｓ ｃｏｎｓｉｄｅｒｅｄ ａ ｗｒｏｎｇ ａｇａｉｎｓｔ ｓｏｃｉｅｔｙ ａｎｄ ｓｔａｔｅ ａｓ ａ ｗｈｏｌｅ， ａｓｗｅｌｌ ａｓ ａｇａｉｎｓｔ ｔｈｅ ｉｎｄｉｖｉｄｕａｌ ｖｉｃｔｉｍ．犯罪是一种不仅危害受害者个人而且危害整个国家和社会的应受严厉谴责的行为。
Ｓｉｍｐｌｙ ｓｔａｔｅｄ， ａ ｔｏｒｔ ｉｓ ａ ｗｒｏｎｇ． Ｉｔ ｉｓ ａ ｐｒｉｖａｔｅ ｗｒｏｎｇ （ｃｉｖｉｌ ａｓ ｏｐｐｏｓｅｄ ｔｏ ｃｒｉｍｉｎａｌ） ｒｅｓｕｌｔｉｎｇ ｆｒｏｍ ａｂｒｅａｃｈ ｏｆ ａ ｌｅｇａｌ ｄｕｔｙ ｄｅｒｉｖｅｄ ｆｒｏｍ ｓｏｃｉｅｔｙ＇ｓ ｅｘｐｅｃｔａｔｉｏｎｓ ｒｅｇａｒｄｉｎｇ ｐｒｏｐｅｒ ａｎｄ ｉｍｐｒｏｐｅｒ ｉｎｔｅｒｐｅｒｓｏｎａｌｃｏｎｄｕｃｔ．Ａ ｔｏｒｔ ｉｓ ａｎｙ ｓｏｃｉａｌｌｙ ｕｎｒｅａｓｏｎａｂｌｅ ｃｏｎｄｕｃｔ， ｗｈｉｃｈ ｉｓ ｎｏｔ ｃｏｎｔｒａｃｔｕａｌ， ｆｏｒ ｗｈｉｃｈ ａ ｃｏｕｒｔ ｗｉｌｌ ｇｒａｎｔｍｏｎｅｔａｒｙ ｄａｍａｇｅｓ ｏｒ ａｎ ｅｑｕｉｔａｂｌｅ ｒｅｍｅｄｙ ｔｏ ｃｏｍｐｅｎｓａｔｅ ａｎ ｉｎｄｉｖｉｄｕａｌ ｆｏｒ ｈｉｓ／ｈｅｒ ｉｎｊｕｒｙ． Ｔｈｅ ｒｉｇｈｔｓ ａｎｄｄｕｔｉｅｓ ｉｎｖｏｌｖｅｄ ｉｎ ａ ｔｏｒｔ ｃａｓｅ ｍａｙ ａｒｉｓｅ ｆｒｏｍ ｅｉｔｈｅｒ ｓｔａｔｕｔｅ ｏｒ ｃｏｍｍｏｎ ｌａｗ．Ａ ｃｒｉｍｅ ｉｓ ａｎ ｏｆｆｅｎｓｅ ａｇａｉｎｓｔ ｔｈｅ ｐｕｂｌｉｃ， ａｎｄ ｃｒｉｍｉｎａｌ ｌａｗ ｄｏｅｓ ｎｏｔ ｓｅｅｋ ｔｏ ｃｏｍｐｅｎｓａｔｅ ｔｈｅ ｖｉｃｔｉｍ． Ｔｏｒｔｉｎｃｌｕｄｅｓ ｂｏｔｈ ｄｅｌｉｂｅｒａｔｅ ｗｒｏｎｇｓ （ｉｎｔｅｎｔｉｏｎａｌ ｔｏｒｔｓ） ａｎｄ ｉｎａｄｖｅｒｔｅｎｔ ｏｒ ａｃｃｉｄｅｎｔａｌ ｗｒｏｎｇｓ （ｎｅｇｌｉｇｅｎｔ ｔｏｒｔｓ），ａｓ ｗｅｌｌ ａｓ ｗｒｏｎｇｓ ｆｏｒ ｗｈｉｃｈ ｔｈｅ ｏｆｆｅｎｄｅｒ ｉｓ ｈｅｌｄ ｌｉａｂｌｅ ｒｅｇａｒｄｌｅｓｓ ｏｆ ｍｏｔｉｖａｔｉｏｎ ｏｒ ａｂｉｌｉｔｙ ｔｏ ｐｒｅｖｅｎｔ ｔｈｅ ｉｎｊｕｒｙ（ｓｔｒｉｃｔ ｌｉａｂｉｌｉｔｙ）． Ｔｏｒｔ ｌａｗ ｉｓ ｐｅｒｈａｐｓ ｔｈｅ ｂｒｏａｄｅｓｔ ａｎｄ ｍｏｓｔ ｖｏｌａｔｉｌｅ ａｒｅａ ｏｆ ｃｉｖｉｌ ｌａｗ．简单来讲，侵权就是不法行为。
Tort Law侵权法英文版
侵权责任法Tort Liability Law第一章一般规定General Provisions第一条为保护民事主体的合法权益，明确侵权责任，预防并制裁侵权行为，促进社会和谐稳定，制定本法。
In order to protect the legitimate rights and interests of civil subjects, clarify the tort lability, prevent and punishtortious conduct, and promote the social harmony and stability, this Law is formulated.第二条侵害民事权益，应当依照本法承担侵权责任。
本法所称民事权益，包括生命权、健康权、姓名权、名誉权、荣誉权、肖像权、隐私权、婚姻自主权、监护权、所有权、用益物权、担保物权、著作权、专利权、商标专用权、发现权、股权、继承权等人身、财产权益。
Those who infringe upon civil rights and interests shall be subject to the tort liability according to this Law.“Civil rights and interests” in this Law include the right to life, right to health, right to name, right to reputation, right to honor, right to portrait, right of privacy, marital autonomy, guardianship, ownership, usufruct, security interest, copyright, patent right, exclusive right to use a trademark, right to discover, equities, right of succession, and other personal and property rights and interests.第三条被侵权人有权请求侵权人承担侵权责任。
法律英语——Law of Torts
一.介绍侵权法概念侵权法是一个很难表述的概念，这个词语在平日交流中不常使用。
虽然它描述了一项法律中的重要分类，这个概念也已经否定了很多试图阐明出有用定义的尝试。
令人困惑的是任何一种广泛到能包含所有侵权行为的定义都太过于笼统而几乎没有意义。
所有侵权法中有一项常见的元素是一方会由于另一方实施的行为或不作为所产生的后果而受到损失或伤害。
除此以外，加速普遍化变成了不可能的任务。
事实上所有无限的多样的人类活动——比如说骑车，从事生意，谈话，写作，拥有并且使用真的或者个人财产，性行为——都有可能成为一种侵权行为的赔偿责任来源。
这种行为的多样性抵抗住了大面积的普遍性，这也是侵权行为的赔偿责任所赖以存在的基础。
如果对侵权的定义是必要的，它就会具有以下的性质：民事违法行为，一方的行为会对另一方造成人身财产伤害，或者是认识到另一方的利益想违背法律强制规定的责任。
明显地，侵权法是一块认识到并赔偿对受害人从身体，尊严和隐私的伤害到所拥有的财产和生意上的利益损失的法律领域。
侵权是一种民事违法行为——是遭受损失方（或者是共同起诉的多方）控告罪犯（侵权行为人）来使损害得到补偿或者是寻求一种禁令阻止伤害和民事违法行为的继续。
受害方必须证明侵权行为人犯罪。
侵权中的义务被强制当作法律遵行。
侵权法发作用，目的与正当理由侵权法有三个主要作用和目标：（1）补偿受害方因为另一方的行为而蒙受的损失与伤害。
（2）置入应赔偿人的所应补偿的金额。
（3）防止未来的损失和伤害。
1．补偿侵权行为中受害的一方所遭受的伤害和损失我们应该称之为“损害”。
侵权法是基于所有损失，无论是有形的还是无形的都能够用金钱衡量的基础上的。
最基本的侵权赔偿是要求侵权行为人来支付受害者一笔“有补偿的破坏”。
2．公正（1）公平从根本上，公正是当今对公平的社会标准的应用的结果。
（2）现实原因因果关系，众所周知，是必要条件。
侵权责任仅仅是指行为人的行为是一个为被害人带来损失和伤害的实质的事实。
法律英语专题：侵权法(tort law)资料讲解
Actual fear on the plaintiff’s part is not required.
Examples
Assault
swinging a baseball bat at someone holding a rock and threatening to throw
Subcategories
torts against the person
assault battery false imprisonment intentional infliction of emotional distress
General
property torts
trespass to land trespass to chattels (personal property) conversion
dignitary torts
defamation invasion of privacy
Torts Against the Person
Assault
Definition
an intentional act that causes an apprehension of immediate harmful or offensive contact
法律英语专题：侵权法(tort law)
General
to deter others from committing the same act
US tort law
Tort law in the U. S. is largely common law.
法律英语专题：侵权法(tort-law)
Tort Law
General
Tort
a civil wrong which unfairly causes someone else to suffer loss or harm
★It does not include breach of contract or trust. (A civil wrong can be a tort, breach of contract or breach of trust.)
Many judges utilize the Restatement of Torts (2nd) as an influential guide.
The Restatement is an influential treatise issued by the American Law Institute, which summarizes the general principles of common law United States tort law.
With the tort of assault, a perceived threat by the victim is paramount.
Assault
＊A defendant who throws a rock at a sleeping victim and misses can only be guilty of the attempted battery assault, since the victim would not be aware of the possible harm.
Tort 侵权-法律英语术语
Tort 侵权-法律英语术语Tort 侵权-法律英语术语由整理。
1.In tort law the duty is imposed by the law.在侵权法中，责任是由法律规定的。
2.Some jurisdictions have established this tort to providea remedy for malicious deeds.有些司法管辖区规定了此种侵权行为，目的是对恶意行为受害人提供救济。
3.Such tort-feasors are jointly and severally liable.此种侵权行为为要承担共同和连带责任。
4.The law of tort provides rules of conduct that regulate how members of society interact and remedies if the rules are breached and damage is suffered.侵权行为法提供行为规则，规范社会成员的相互交往以及在该规则被违反和损害发生是，如何进行救济。
5.The law of tort aims to compensate those who have suffered as a result of a tort.侵权行为法的目的在于补偿被侵害人。
6.Tort law is a branch of civil law that is connected with civil wrongs， but not contract actions.侵权法属于民法的一部分，其与民事过错相关，与合同行为无关。
7.Tort liability for negligence presupposes causality between the negligent act and the injury to person or property.过失侵权责任以过失行为与对人身或财产的侵权之间的因果关系为前提。
《侵权责任法》英语
《侵权责任法》英语一、单词1. Tort [tɔːt]- 释义：侵权行为（不包括违约等行为的民事过错）。
- 用法：常与“liability”（责任）搭配使用，如“tort liability”（侵权责任）。
- 双语例句：A tort is a civil wrong for which the law provides a remedy.（侵权行为是一种民事过错，法律为此提供救济。
）2. Liability [ˌlaɪəˈbɪləti]- 释义：责任；债务；倾向。
- 用法：可用于表达法律上的各种责任，如“tort liability”（侵权责任），“limited liability”（有限责任）。
- 双语例句：Thepany denies any liability for the accident.（公司否认对事故负有任何责任。
）3. Compensation [ˌkɒmpenˈseɪʃn]- 释义：补偿；赔偿金；报酬。
- 用法：在侵权法中，常表示对受害人的赔偿，如pensation for damages”（损害赔偿）。
- 双语例句：The victim is entitled to receivepensation for his injuries.（受害人有权就其受伤获得赔偿。
）4. Damages [ˈdæmɪdʒɪz]- 释义：损害赔偿金；损害；损失。
- 用法：通常复数形式使用，如“claim damages”（要求损害赔偿）。
- 双语例句：The court awarded him substantial damages.（法院判给他巨额损害赔偿金。
）5. Negligence [ˈneɡlɪdʒəns]- 释义：疏忽；过失；粗心大意。
- 用法：是侵权责任的一个重要概念，如“negligence liability”（过失责任）。
- 双语例句：The accident was caused by his negligence.（事故是由他的疏忽造成的。
tortlawpassage美国侵权法概论
tortlawpassage美国侵权法概论@1、An overview of tort lawGood morning,everyone. Today let us talk about tort law. And through our speech so that you have a general understanding of tort law. In China, our tort law promulgated in 2009,the tort law is a new things.Generally speaking, tort law is a civil areas and tort is the law of civil wrongs. Tort law usually provides people with the rights to compensation when another person harms their legally protected interests.Its general characteristics are:(1)Tort is a certain civil legal consequences that between Infringer and the infringed party(2) infringement of a crime against a civil statutory right of the main or absolute power,mainly referring to property rights,personal rights and intellectual property rights,the claims can not be a tort of infringement of the object;A tort is to harm other people's civil rights and interests,such as personal rights, property rights are civil rights;other than the legitimate interests of the civil rights,such as the reputation of the deceased, name,etc(3)tort perpetrator consciously behavior,unilateral implementation of wrongdoing by the infringe statutory civil rights and obligations, tort is a legal fact.Now ,lets my teammate give us an introduction about the s cope of the T ort Liability Act@2、The scope of the Tort Liability ActGood morning everyone,now I will tell your something about Scope of the T ort Liability Act.First ,I will tall you what is Tort Liability,tort liability is tortfeasor against civil rights and interests of others Infringement of civil rights and interests shall bear the civil legal consequences.It belongs to one of civil liability.Tort liability applicable to a wide range ,such as The right to life, the right to health,the right to a name,the right of reputation ,PortraitFor Example:marital autonomy means citizens have the right to freedom of marriage,and that the citizens in accordance with the law according to their own will,voluntarily married or divorced own right,free from interference by others.Male and female citizens of their own marriage or divorce,comply with the conditions of the law, there is complete freedom to express their true meaning,anyone can not use the right to replace them to make a decision,or force them to make a decision against their will;Not only parents the right to interfere in the freedom of their children's marriage or divorce, and that their children have no right to interfere with the freedom oftheir parents divorce,remarriage and widowhood party freedom.Personal rights associated with personal or an inalienable right to direct property content,also known as personal non-property rights.Personal rights and property rights constitute the two major categories of basic civil rights in civil law.The two major categories of personal rights, including the right of personality and the right to identity,personality rights,including the right to life, physical power, the right to health,the right to a name,the name of rights,the right of reputation, honor and image rights.The right to an identity, including parental rights,spouse rights,the right of kinship.@3The principle of Tort LiabilityUnder civil law principle,the principle of attribution of tort have three principles:namely:the principle of fault liability,liability without fault principle and the principle of equitable responsibility.Fault liability principle,refers to the fault of the perpetrator is to accept the principle of attribution of civil liability Elements,general tort for fault liability principle,the principle as a principle of our tort law generally attributable status.liability without fault principle in case law,not whether the perpetrator should bear the Civil Responsibility of the judge in the presence of fault of the perpetrator,usually limit the scope of the principle of responsibility applies only to special provisions in thelaw situation,the"Civil Law"and"personal damages to explain" expressly provided.The principle of equitable responsibility in the law does not provide for the principle of liability without fault,apply the principle of fault liability of the unconscionability of the victim, according to the principle of fairness between the parties assigned damage assumed responsibility principle.The implementation of the principle of fault liability under civil law for the general tort and implement who advocate who is the burden of proof;special tort,product liability,liability for damage of the highly dangerous job,environmental pollution damages the animals cause damage responsibility,the responsibility of guardianship,the implementation of the principle of liability without fault;cause damage to buildings, etc.,and the ground construction cause damage to the implementation of the principle of presumption of fault.In thecase of the parties no fault of the law did not require the implementation of no-fault liability for damage caused applicable, based on the concept of social equity,the principle of equitable responsibility.Ok,next welcome to my teammate.thank you@4 The Concurrence between tort liability and libility for breach of contractHello,everyone,just now,my teammates had told something about the Overview,scope,and principle of Tort Liability.now I will tell your The Concurrence between tort liability and libility for breach of contract.The Concurrence between tort liability and libility for breach The Concurrence between tort liability and libility for breach means the behavior of a person for a violation include a double feature of infringement and breach the law on tort liability at the same time. knowing what kind of law should apply phenomenon is becoming important.Being in real life, due to the diversity and complexity of wrongdoing, tort liability and liability for breach of competition and cooperation is inevitable.For example, the civil medical liability.Medical tort is the responsibility of behavior by medical institutions due to the fault of the medical institutions and their medical staff, resulting in compromised patients in treatment activities. medical malpractice tort liability is assumed by the medical institutions due to their infringement and adverse consequences. Medical liability for breach of contract party shall bear civil liability for breach of contractual obligations. Medical institutions should bear the liability for breach of medical behavior as a contractual relationship; When we focus only onthe results ofthe patient's actual damages, medical institutions should bear tort liability for their actions. Liability for breach of contract and tort liability are two basic types of civil liability, due to the multiplicity of the complexity of the civil relations, the nature of the civil offense, these two types of responsibility often occurred competing.In China, it is generally applicable in practice is to request the right to freedom of competing. allowing the parties to free choice of the right of claim of damages for infringement and breach of the right to claim damages.Ok,that is all,thank you for your listen.Question:1/What is tort? If a dog bite you,can you say tort?2/The principle of Tort Liability have three main category,how do you distinguish them?3/Do you know the he Concurrence between tort liability and liability for breach of contract?。
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defamation invasion of privacy
Torts Against the Person
Assault
Definition
an intentional act that causes an apprehension of immediate harmful or offensive contact
★Apprehension is not the same as fear— here it means awareness that an injury or offensive contact is imminent.
Requirements
The act must be overssault.
Purpose of tort law
to provide relief to the injured party through the award of damages for the injuries incurred during a tortious act
General
to deter others from committing the same act
Assault
There must be an accompanying act.
The defendant must have the apparent ability to carry out the contact.
Actual ability to carry out the contact is not necessary.
With the tort of assault, a perceived threat by the victim is paramount.
Assault
＊A defendant who throws a rock at a sleeping victim and misses can only be guilty of the attempted battery assault, since the victim would not be aware of the possible harm.
Tort Law
General
Tort
a civil wrong which unfairly causes someone else to suffer loss or harm
★It does not include breach of contract or trust. (A civil wrong can be a tort, breach of contract or breach of trust.)
Statutes have been passed in attempts to ‘reform’ the tort system.
General
Most of them have related to procedural matters and amounts and categories of damages.
The plaintiff must have a reasonable apprehension of such contact.
Actual fear on the plaintiff’s part is not required.
Examples
Assault
swinging a baseball bat at someone holding a rock and threatening to throw
US tort law
Tort law in the U. S. is largely common law.
Courts have the power to shape and change the elements of claims and defenses of existing torts and the power to create new torts.
Subcategories
torts against the person
assault battery false imprisonment intentional infliction of emotional distress
General
property torts
trespass to land trespass to chattels (personal property) conversion
Categories of torts
intentional torts
General
negligence strict liability torts
Intentional Torts
General
Definition
An intentional tort is a tort resulting from an intentional act on the part of the tortfeasor.
Many judges utilize the Restatement of Torts (2nd) as an influential guide.
The Restatement is an influential treatise issued by the American Law Institute, which summarizes the general principles of common law United States tort law.
it at someone pointing a gun at someone pointing a realistic toy gun at someone
Criminal assault and tortious assault
Criminal assault can occur even when no threat is perceived by the victim.