常耀信《美国文学简史》(第3版)【章节题库(含名校考研真题)】(第2章 爱德华兹
美国文学简史常耀信版Chapter_3_The_Literature___of_Romanticism
3
American Romanticism
The
Romantic Period, one of the most important periods in the history of American literature, stretches from the end of the 18th century to the outbreak of the Civil War.
1).Walter Scott: Waverly novels, The Lady of the Lake 2).Byron: Oriental romances 3).Gothic tradition, the cult of solitude and of gloom
8
Romanticism
started
ended
Backgrounds of American Romanticism
National
influences influences
International
6
National Influences
A. In politics: democracy and political equality lay the foundation of Romanticism; B. In economics: the spread of industrialism; the sudden influx of immigration and the pioneers pushing the frontier further west; C. In culture: the publication of Webster’s Dictionary marked the beginning of the American English; the appearance of many magazines and newspapers.
常耀信《美国文学简史》(第3版)笔记和考研真题详解(21-26章)【圣才出品】
第21章自白派•垮掉的一代21.1复习笔记I.The Confessional School（自白派）The term is usually used to certain poets of the United States from the late1950s to the late 1960s.In a broad way,the poetry of this group of poets share common features such as a ruthless, excruciating self-analysis of one’s own background and heritage,one’s own most private desires and fantasies etc.,and the urgent“I’ll-tell-it-all-to-you”impulse.In a sense,it is Lowell who gave the Confessional poetry a new life and a new level of popularity with his ruthless self-dissection. Representatives of the Confessional are School Robert Lowell,Anne Sexton,Sylvia Plath.这一术语用来指20世界50年代末到60年代末的一些美国诗人。
广义上讲，这些诗人的诗歌具有以下共同特点，如对自己的背景和传统，自己的隐私、欲望和幻想等进行无情的、令人痛苦的自我分析，以及一种急切的“我将告诉你一切”的冲动。
从某种程度上讲，洛威尔用他无情的自我剖析使自白诗获得新生也使其成为新时尚。
自白派代表人物是罗伯特·洛威尔、安妮·塞克斯顿、西尔维娅·普拉斯。
吴伟仁《美国文学史及选读》配套题库【章节题库(含考研真题)】-第一~二章【圣才出品】
第一章殖民地时期的美国文学填空题1. The term “Puritan” was applied to those settlers who originally were devout members of the Church of ______.【答案】England【解析】清教徒（Puritan），是指要求清除英国国教Church of England中天主教残余的改革派。
其字词于16世纪60年代开始使用，源于拉丁文的Purus，意为“清洁”。
2. The most enduring shaping influence in American thought and American literature was ______.【答案】American Puritanism【解析】美国文化源于清教文化，由清教徒移民时传入北美。
美国主流价值观都可以追溯到殖民地时期一统天下的清教主义，并且清教思想对美国文学有着根深蒂固的影响。
3. Hard work, thrift, piety and sobriety, these were the ______ values that dominated much of the early American writing.【答案】Puritan【解析】清教主义，起源于英国，在北美殖民地得以实践与发展。
清教徒强调艰苦奋斗、勤俭节约、虔诚和淡泊。
这些价值观也影响了早期的美国文学。
4. Many Puritans wrote verse, but the works of two writers, Anne Bradstreet and______, rose to the level of real poetry.【答案】Edward T aylor【解析】美国殖民时期最著名的诗人是安·布莱德斯特和爱德华·泰勒。
5. The Tenth Muse Lately Sprung Up in America is a collection of poems composed by ______.【答案】Anne Bradstreet【解析】安·布莱德斯特律是美国殖民时期著名的诗人。
常耀信《美国文学简史》(第3版)配套题库【章节题库(含名校考研真题)】第11章~第14章【圣才出品】
第11章20世纪20年代•意象派•庞德I.Fill in the blanks.1.“In a Station of the Metro”by Ezra Pound goes like this:The apparition of these faces in the crowd;_____.（首师大2008研）【答案】Petals on a wet,black bough.【解析】这是意象派诗人庞德的名作，意为：人群中这些面孔幽灵一般显现，湿漉漉的黑色枝条上许多花瓣。
2._____,by Ezra Pound,employs the complex association of scholarly lore, anthropology,modern history and personages,private history and Witticism,and obscure literary interpolations in various languages.（人大2006研）【答案】The Cantos【解析】庞德的《诗章》包罗万象，是庞德的代表作。
3.Author_____Title_____.（南京大学2007研）The apparition of these faces in the crowd;Petals on a wet,black bough.【答案】Author:Ezra Pound Title:“In a Station of the Metro”【解析】题目节选自庞德的《在一个地铁车站》，该诗是以一个意象作为叙述语言的典型范例。
4.Ezra Pound’s lifelong endeavor had been devoted to the writing of_____,which contains_____poems.（国际关系学院2007研）【答案】The Cantos;117【解析】庞德把毕生精力都投入到写作《诗章》当中，《诗章》共包括117首诗。
常耀信《美国文学简史》(第3版)笔记和考研真题详解(5-8章)【圣才出品】
第5章霍桑•麦尔维尔5.1复习笔记I.Nathaniel Hawthorne(1804-1864)（纳撒尼尔·霍桑）1.Life（生平）Hawthorne was born in Salem,Massachusetts.Some of his ancestors were men of prominence in the Puritan theocracy.One of his ancestors was a colonial magistrate,notorious for his part in the persecution of the Quakers,and another was a judge at the Salem Witchcraft Trial in1692.Gradually,the family fortune declined.Hawthorn was intensely conscious of the wrongdoing of his ancestors,and this awareness led to his understanding of evil being at the core of human life,so he seemed to be haunted by his sense of sin and evil in his life.霍桑出生于马萨诸塞州的萨勒姆镇，他的一些祖先是17世纪新英格兰清教神权统治中的显赫人物。
他的一位祖先是殖民地行政官，因参与迫害贵格党人而臭名昭著。
另一位祖先则是1692年萨勒姆审巫案的法官。
家族渐渐走向没落。
霍桑强烈地意识到他祖先的恶性，这也让他明白了邪恶存在于人生命的核心部分，因此他的一生心中的罪恶感都挥之不去。
2.Ideas（思想）(1)He was haunted by his sense of sin and evil in life,therefore we see“black vision”in his works—the power of blackness.Evil seems to be man’s birthmark.In almost every book he wrote, Hawthorne discussed sin and evil.(2)He rejected the Transcendentalists'transparent optimism about the potentialities of human nature.(3)Whenever there is sin,there is punishment.Sin or evil can be passed from generation to generation.In his opinion,evil educates.(4)He believed that romance was the predestined form of American narrative.He took a great interest in history and antiquity.To him these furnished the soil on which his mind grew to fruition.(5)Hawthorne had a negative attitude toward science.(1)霍桑一生心中都萦绕着罪恶感，因此我们可以在他的作品中感受到“黑色视觉”——邪恶的力量。
陶洁《美国文学选读》(第3版)章节题库-第一章至第二章【圣才出品】
第二部分章节题库第1单元本杰明·富兰克林І.Fill in the blanks.1.If we say Jonathan Edwards represents the upper levels of the American mind, _____represents the lower levels.【答案】Benjamin Franklin【解析】美国文学评论家范·威克·布鲁克斯（Van Wyck Brooks）在《美国的成年》(America’s Coming of Age)中指出乔纳森·爱德华兹和本杰明·富兰克林是美国18世纪的两位重要的哲学家，他们是不同层次思想的代表。
2.Franklin’s claim to a place in literature rests chiefly on his_____and_____.【答案】Poor Richard’s Almanac，The Autobiography【解析】富兰克林在文学上的地位主要取决于《穷查理历书》和《自传》。
3.In American literature,the eighteenth century was an Age of_____and Revolution.【答案】Reason【解析】18世纪的美国处于理性与革命时期。
这一时期的美国深受法国启蒙思想的影响，且处于独立革命时期。
4.Franklin was the epitome of the_____,the versatile,practical embodiment of national man in the18th century.【答案】Enlightenment【解析】富兰克林是启蒙思想的缩影，是18世纪理性的代表。
5.Benjamin Franklin’s best writing is found in his masterpiece_____.【答案】The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin【解析】本杰明·富兰克林文学上最大的成就体现在他的作品《本杰明·富兰克林自传》上。
常耀信《美国文学简史》(第3版)笔记和考研真题详解(15-20章)【圣才出品】
第15章南方文艺复兴•威廉姆•福克纳15.1复习笔记I.The Southern Renaissance（南方文艺复兴）1.Historical background（历史背景）The American south has been a unique region all along.There was the historically significant conflict between the Hamiltonian north and the Jeffersonian south.For a long time after the Civil War,the agricultural south remained subordinate to industrial north,and there existed a glaring gap in culture and way of thinking between the two parts of the country.Measures were taken to develop the south;economic improvements slowly came about.Although the south remained conservative,but there appeared a visible sign of change in literature,and there are efforts to reassess the past and the present and do self-searching.美国南方一直是一个独特的地区。
哈米尔顿式南方与杰斐逊式北方之间存在具有重大历史意义的冲突。
美国内战后相当长的时间内，农业式的南方仍然从属于工业化的北方。
美国这两个地区之间在文化和思维方式上存在显著的差距。
常耀信《美国文学简史》(第3版)章节题库-南方文艺复兴·威廉姆·福克纳【圣才出品】
第15章南方文艺复兴·威廉姆·福克纳Ⅰ.Fill in the blanks.1._____wrote about the disintegration of the old social system in the American Southern States and its effect on the lives of modern people,both black and white.[人大2006研]【答案】William Faulkner【解析】福克纳的作品主要关于美国南方的沉浮。
在这中间，黑人和白人，南方与北方，农业和工业之间发生剧烈的摩擦和冲动。
结果是腐朽的古老传统被新兴的资本势力所击败，急剧的演变过程中形形色色的人物终不免成为客观势力和主观弱点的牺牲品。
2.In his novel,William Faulkner has invented a county named_____and the seat of the county_____.[国际关系学院2009研]【答案】Yoknapatawpha;the town of Jefferson【解析】福克纳在自己的一系列著作中虚构了位于密西西比州北部的约克纳帕塔法县，这个县的中心是杰斐逊镇。
3.The works written by_____may be viewed as a culmination of the development of twentieth-century southern fiction.【答案】William Faulkner【解析】威廉·福克纳的作品可以看作是20世纪美国南方小说发展的巅峰之作。
4.Quentin is a character in William Faulkner’s novel_____.【答案】The Sound and the Fury【解析】昆丁（Quentin）是威廉·福克纳小说喧哗与骚动（The Sound and the Fury）中的人物，同时也是该小说第三部分的叙述者。
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第2章爱德华兹•富兰克林•克里夫古尔
I.Fill in the blanks.
1.In his_____Benjamin Franklin creates the image of a boy’s rise from_____to riches and demonstrates his belief that the new world of America was a land of opportunities which might be met through hard work and wise management.（天津外国语学院2008研）
【答案】Autobiography,poor
【解析】富兰克林在《自传》中讲述了其白手起家、自力更生的故事，平凡却生动的讲述表明他坚信通过努力就能实现美国梦。
2.If we say Jonathan Edwards represents the upper levels of the American mind, _____represents the lower levels.
【答案】Benjamin Franklin
【解析】美国文学评论家范·威克·布鲁克斯（Van Wyck Brooks）在《美国的成年》(America’s Coming Age)中指出乔纳森·爱德华兹和本杰明·富兰克林是美国18世纪的两位重要的哲学家，他们是不同层次思想的代表。
3.Before his death,_____had gained a position as America’s first systematic philosopher.
【答案】Jonathan Edwards
【解析】乔纳森·爱德华兹（1703-1758）是美国“大觉醒”（the“Great Awakening”）
的领军人物，他生前赢得了“美国第一位系统的哲学家”称号。
其著名作品是《意志自由》（Freedom of the Will）。
4.Jonathan Edwards’work Images or Shadows of Divine Things anticipated the nature symbolism of_____in the19th century.
【答案】Transcendentalism
【解析】乔纳森·爱德华兹的作品《神灵的形影》（Images or Shadows of Divine Things）对19世纪的超验主义对象征主义的运用产生了很大的影响。
5.Franklin’s claim to a place in literature rests chiefly on his_____and_____.
【答案】Poor Richard’s Almanac,Autobiography
【解析】富兰克林在文学上的地位主要取决于《穷查理历书》和《自传》。
6.Benjamin Franklin’s best writing is found in his masterpiece_____.
【答案】The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin
【解析】本杰明·富兰克林文学上最大的成就体现在他的作品《本杰明·富兰克林自传》上。
该书以平易的文风叙述了富兰克林艰苦创业、自学成才、坚持不懈的奋斗历程。
7.Franklin was the epitome of the_____,the versatile,practical embodiment of national man in the18th century.
【答案】Enlightenment
【解析】富兰克林是启蒙思想的缩影，是18世纪理性的代表。
8.Eighteen-century America experienced an age of_____,of_____,and_____like England and Europe.
【答案】enlightenment,reason,order
【解析】18世纪的美国处于启蒙、理想、秩序的时代。
9.Many Puritans wrote verse,but the works of two writers,Anne Bradstreet and _____,rose to the level of real poetry.
【答案】Edward Taylor
【解析】美国殖民时期最著名的诗人是安·布莱德斯特律和爱德华·泰勒。
II.Multiple Choice
1.The first symbol of self-made American man is_____.（北二外2009研）
A.George Washington
B.Washington Irving
C.Thomas Jefferson
D.Benjamin Franklin
【答案】D
【解析】富兰克林是第一个自力更生、白手起家的美国人的标志。
2.At the Reason and Revolution Period.Americans were influenced by the European movement called the_____.
A.Charitist Movement
B.Romanticist Movement
C.Enlightenment Movement
D.Modernist Movement
【答案】C
【解析】欧洲的启蒙运动对美国理性和独立革命时期产生了深远影响。
3.In American literature,the eighteenth century was the age of the Enlightenment. _____was the dominant spirit.
A.Humanism
B.Rationalism
C.Revolution
D.Evolution
【答案】B
【解析】启蒙运动通常是指在18世纪初至1789年法国大革命间的一个新思维不断涌现的时代，与理性主义等一起构成一个较长的文化运动时期，所以法国启蒙运动时期被称为“理性时代”。
18世纪的美国同样受到启蒙思想而影响，因而理性主义是这个时期美国文学的主导思想。
4.Jonathan Edwards’best and most representative sermon was_____.
A.A True Sight of Sin
B.Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God
C.A Model of Christian Charity
D.God’s Determinations
【答案】B
【解析】美国神学家乔纳森·爱德华兹最具代表性的布道是《愤怒的上帝手中之罪人》（Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God）。
5.The secular ideals of the American Enlightenment were exemplified in the life and career of_____.
A.Thomas Hood
B.Benjamin Franklin
C.Thomas Jefferson
D.George Washington
【答案】B
【解析】作为美国财富和智慧的象征，美国人民把富兰克林的头像印在100美元纸钞的正面。
200多年来，这位智者的思想一直被那些希望拥有美德并过上富足生活的人们所遵循和实践着。
他的个人生活和职业生涯代表了美国启蒙运动中世俗化的理想。
6.From1732to1758,Benjamin Franklin wrote and published his famous_____,an annual collection of proverbs.
A.The Autobiography
B.Poor Richard’s Almanac
mon Sense
D.The General Magazine
【答案】B
【解析】《穷理查历书》（Poor Richard’s Almanac）它是由美国资本主义精神最完美的代表——本杰明·富兰克林所写。
该出版物从1732年至1758年不断出现。
它幽默、睿智、形式奇特，通篇贯彻着人类的智慧精华，书中的名言警句与人生箴言即使在现在看来也具有很积极的作用。
7.Which statement about Benjamin Franklin is not true?
A.He instructed his countrymen as a printer.
B.He was a scientist.
C.He was a master of diplomacy.
D.He was not a Puritan.
【答案】D
【解析】本杰明·富兰克林有一连串的头衔——作家，发明家，出版商，科学家，外交家。
他没有显赫的家世，没有富裕的生活，仅仅靠自己对宗教的虔诚，对教育的重视，生活的简朴，以及不屈的奋斗获得了在各个领域的成功，他是美国“清教主义”的杰出代表。
所以选项D对本杰明·富兰克林的陈述显然是不对的。
8.Benjamin Franklin was the epitome of the_____.
A.American Enlightenment
B.Sugar Act。