2020-2021学年南京市沙洲中学高三英语三模试题及参考答案

2020-2021学年南京市沙洲中学高三英语三模试题及参考答案第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项AA brother and a sister have been reunited (重逢) after more than 60 years, thanks to a letter in the Welwynand Hatfield Times. For years John Hannant kept a photo of his long-lost sister, hoping they would meet again.Margery, the eldest of three children, had signed up with the Royal Air Force as part of the war effort, when John was still a baby.The family lost touch and as many years passed only a single letter gave a clue to her whereabouts (下落). The clue was enough for a WHT reader to recognize Margery and put the family back in touch.John, 67, said he had been searching for a long time and a friend suggested writing to the paper.“That’s the one that made it, the letter to the paper,” he said. “It’s like a dream that comes true. The last time we ever heard from Margery was in 1953 after the terrible floods. She wrote home to know if we were all right.My sister Dorothy wrote back, but Margery had moved again and never got the letter.”Having retired from his job as a gardener at Park House, Mr Hannant decided to take action.He and his wife Doreen traveled to Margery’s home in Chelwood Avenue, Hatfield, which she shares with her husband Jack Cooke.Now 88, Margery was recovering from her heart operation, but immediately recognized her brother. John said, “It’s something I never thought that was going to happen but I always hoped it would.” AS well as finding his sister, John has also discovered he now has a nephew, a niece and six grandnieces and grandnephews.1.The headline of the news would be “________”.A.An unforgettable and moving experienceB.The Hannant family lost touch because of warC.A brother and a sister reunited after 60 yearsD.The importance of a letter to WHT2.Margery left her family because ________.A.she attended the air schoolB.she joined the Royal Air ForceC.she had to feed her familyD.a big flood hit her hometown3.Who helped the family reunite after many years?A.Margery’s husband Jack CookeB.The photographer of the photo of Margery.C.A neighbour of Mr Hannant.D.A reader of WHT.BHave you ever done something that was really dangerous just because you thought it was safe？Maybe you did a dangerous trick on your bicycle or skateboard because you were wearing a helmet and thought you couldn’t get hurt. The psychology(心理) of this sort of behavior is called the Peltzman Effect, named after Sam Peltzman, professor of economics at the University of Chicago. Peltzman believes that those moments when people think they are the safest are the times when they act most dangerously.Peltzman said that people drove more dangerously when they wore seat belts(安全带) . Driving a large four-wheel drive vehicle has a similar effect on drivers’ behavior. Because drivers of large vehicles sit up higher and can see better, they feel they can make better judgments when they drive. They are better protected in accidents,so they act more dangerously. This makes driving morehazardousto other drivers.The Peltzman Effect isn’t just limited to driving. In 1972, the American Food and Drug Administration (FDA) passed a law requiring child safety caps on most medicine bottles. The safety caps were designed to prevent children from accidentally taking the medicine, especially painkillers such as aspirin. Requiring safety caps sounded like a great idea, but there was an unexpected side effect. Because the safety caps are so hardto take off, some people leave them off altogether．Worse, some parents leave the bottles where kids can reach them because they feel that it is safe because of the cap. A study on the Peltzman Effect showed that more than 3,500 children have been harmedby aspirin because of the safety caps.The Peltzman Effect describes how we’re likely to take more risks and act more dangerously when we feel safest. What’s more, the effects of these behaviors can be quite different from what we expect.4. What is the Peltzman Effect？A. People behave less safely when they feel safe．B. People feel safest when they are under protection．C. Something that seems dangerous turns out to be safe．D. People who act dangerously are likely to be together．5. What does the underlined word“hazardous”in Paragraph 2 mean？A. Interesting．B. Expensive．C. Dangerous．D. Important．6. Medicine bottles with safety caps ________．A. are required throughout the worldB. meet the demands of the Peltzman EffectC. sell well in the worldD. are not completely safe7. What would be the best title for the text？A. Unsafe Safety MeasuresB. Types of Decision MakingC. People’s Fear of Taking RisksD. Different Behaviors of People in DangerCThursday, two Russian submarines(潜艇) dived down 2.5 miles into the Arctic Ocean and planted a national flag onto a piece of continental shelf known as the Lomonosov Ridge. Rising from the center of the Arctic Basin, the flag sent a clear message to the surrounding nations: Russia had just laid claim(权利) to the vast oil and gas reserves contained in this underwater area.AfterRussia, theUnited States,Norway,SwedenandFinlandare all trying to gain profit. Projections show that the area of land and sea that falls within theArctic Circleis home to an estimated 90 billion barrels of oil, an incredible 13% of Earth’s reserves. It’s also estimated to contain almost a quarter of untapped global gas resources. But long before this oil race began, how did theArcticbecome so rich in energy?“The first thing you realize is that theArctic—unlike the Antarctic—is an ocean surrounded by continents”, Alastair Fraser, a geoscientist from Imperial College London, said. Firstly, this means there’s a huge quantity of organic material available, in the form of dead sea creatures such as plankton and algae, which form the basis of what will ultimately become oil and gas. Secondly, the surrounding ring of continents means that the Arctic Basin contains a high proportion of continental crust(大陆地壳), which makes up about 50% of its oceanic area. That’s significant because continental crust typically contains deep depressions called basins, into which organic matter sinks.Here, it gets inserted in rock and preserved in anoxic(缺氧) waters, meaning they contain little oxygen.“Normally, in a shallow sea with lots of oxygen, it would not be preserved. But if the sea is deep enough, the oxygenated waters at the top will be separated from the anoxic conditions at the base,” Fraser explained. Conserved within these oxygen-free basins, the matter maintains compounds that finally make it useful as an energy source for millions of years in the future.8. Why didRussiaplant a national flag onto the Lomonosov Ridge?A. To tell surrounding countries its armed forces.B. To show its advanced technology of submarines.C. To show abundant natural resources in theArcticBasin.D. To claim its privilege to explore for oil and gas in the area.9. What’s the function of the last sentence in paragraph 2?A. Making a comparison.B. Serving as a connecting link.C. Analyzing the cause and effect.D. Drawing the conclusion of the text.10. What can we know from the last paragraph?A. Oxygen only exists in the top part of the ocean.B. Organic materials mostly exist in the basins with oxygen.C. Water containing oxygen turns organic materials into oil and gas.D. Oxygen-free environment counts in the formation of the arctic’s rich energy.11. What can be a suitable title for the text?A. What makes theArcticattractive?B. Why do many nations focus on theArctic?C. Why is there so much oil in theArctic?D. How does theArcticBasincome into being?DA growing body of research is revealing associations between birth defects (缺陷) and a father's age, alcohol use and environmental factors, say researchers atGeorgetown University Medical Center. They say these defects result from epigenetic changes that can potentially affect multiple generations.The study, published in theAmerican Journal of Stem Cells, suggest both parents contribute to the health status of their offspring — a common sense conclusion which science is only now beginning to demonstrate, says the study's senior investigator, Joanna Kitlinska, PhD, an associate professor in biochemistry, and molecular and cellular biology.“We know the nutritional, hormonal and psychological environment provided by the mother permanently influences organ structure, cellular response and gene expression in her offspring,” she says.“But our study shows the same thing to be true with fathers — his lifestyle, and how old he is, can be reflected in molecules that control gene function,” she says. “In this way, a father can affect not only his immediate offspring, but future generations as well.”For example, a newborn can be diagnosed with fetal (胎儿的) alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD), even though the mother has never consumed alcohol, Kitlinska says. “Up to 75 percent of children with FASD have biological fathers who are alcoholics, suggesting that preconceptual paternal alcohol consumption negatively impacts their offspring.”Advanced age of a father is correlated with elevated rates of certain diseases, and birth defects in his children.A limited diet during a father’s preadolescence has been linked to reduced risk of cardiovascular death in his children and grandchildren. Paternal obesity is linked to enlarged fat cells, changes in metabolic regulation, diabetes, obesity and development of brain cancer. Psychosocial stress on the father is linked to defective behavioral traits in his offspring. And paternal alcohol use leads to decreased newborn birth weight, marked reduction in overall brain size and impaired cognitive function.“This new field of inherited paternal epigenetics needs to be organized into clinically applicable recommendations and lifestyle alternations,” Kitlinska says. “And to really understand the epigenetic influences of a child, we need to study the interplay between maternal and paternal effects, as opposed to considering each in isolation.”12. What’s the message the writer conveys in the passage?A. Both parents contribute to the health status of their offspring.B. Father’s age and lifestyle are tied to birth defects.C. Father plays a more critical role in birth defects.D. Birth defects can potentially affect multiple generations.13. What can we infer from the example in Paragraph 5?A. FASD can only be diagnosed in a newborn whose father is addicted to alcohol.B. A newborn will not contract FASD if his mother has never consumed alcohol.C. A father’s lifestyle can negatively impact his offspring.D. Most children have biological fathers who are alcoholics.14. Which of the following situations is less likely to lead to children’s birth defects?A. Having a father with a limited diet.B. Having a father who is an alcoholic.C. Having an overweight father.D. Having a father with psychosocial stress.15. What will the research probably continue to focus on in the part that follows?A. The maternal epigenetic influences of a child.B. The ways to avoid negative paternal influence on children.C. The clinical application of the research findings.D. The interaction between maternal and paternal effects.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。