2020届上海市徐汇区高三英语二模试卷及答案
2020届上海市徐汇区高三英语二模试卷及答案I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. To answer the door. B. To fix the doorbell.C. To get a job.D. To ask for instructions.2. A. At the airport. B. In a restaurant.C. In a booking office.D. At the hotel reception.3. A. She has lost a lot of weight. B. She lost some money last year.C. She spent a lot on cosmetic surgery.D. She is having health problems.4. A. Taking photographs. B. Downloading images.C. Fixing cameras.D. Painting pictures.5. A. The woman is going to hold a party tomorrow.B. The man asks the woman not to attend the party.C. The woman doesn’t know how to get to the party.D. The man offers to drive the woman to the party.6. A. Tokyo is a city with a short history.B. He can provide little useful information.C. He can show the woman around the city.D. He has lived in Tokyo for a long time.7. A. She will meet the man in his office.B. She has an appointment with the man.C. She had a traffic accident that morning.D. She can’t finish making the jam before 9.8. A. Play some music. B. Remove the power plug.C. Repair the sound box.D. Start the car engine.9. A. She can’t stand the hot weather. B. The beach resort is a better choice.C. She enjoys visiting the art museums.D. The man should develop a taste for art.10. A. He is satisfied with his new job. B. [KJ1] He wants his workload to be shared.C. He doesn’t like his new office.D. He gets pressure from his new position.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. A promotion of outdoor clothes. B. An introduction of West Virginia.C. A weekend vacation to a famous resort.D. A free trip to an unknown destination.12. A. Regretful. B. Frustrating. C. Worthwhile. D. Comfortable.13. A. Mystery trips. B. Outdoor adventures. C. Social media. D. Travel destinations.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. Goods are scarce and hard to get for ordinary consumers.B. People aim for social distinction through what they own.C. Manufacturers make more money by mass production.D. Growth of consumerism is restricted by artificial products.15. A. To cut down on labour costs by reducing working hours.B. To make customers feel they own something rare.C. To increase their coffee price without losing customers.D. To focus more on quality and customer satisfaction.16. A. Consumer awareness. B. Social distinction.C. Artificial scarcity.D. Mass production.Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.17. A. In the gym. B. At a bookstore. C. At the library. D. In the classroom.18. A. Wait for a month. B. Keep the receipt.C. Mark on the book.D. Accept a discount.19. A. The man doesn’t need the book now. B. He’s afraid he might damage the book.C. The book costs too much for him.D. He prefers the edition with footnotes.20. A. Bargain with the woman. B. Go to another bookstore.C. Wrap his book.D. Surf the Internet.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use oneword that best fits each blank.Kieron Graham always knew he had an elder brother named Vincent. His adoption papers, (21) _______ (sign) when he was three months old, listed a brother named Vincent but no last name. Though Kieron spent years thinking about Vincent, he could never track him down.That changed in December 2017, when Kieron’s adoptive parents gave him an DNA test as a Christmas gift. When his results came back, he was surprised (22) _______ (find) he had a lot of DNA matches for relatives who had also taken the test. Most were distant connections, but one match was so strong that it (23) _______ (label) “close family.” His name was Vincent Ghant. Kieron looked for him on Facebook and soon made a possible connection.When they connected, it was (24) _______ _______ they had known each other their whole lives. As they talked, the brothers realized they lived about 20 minutes from each other. (25) _______(surprisingly), they attended the same university and majored and minored in the same subjects.Vincent was nine when Kieron was born and remembers caring for his baby brother. But times were tough, and Shawn, who worked 15-plus hours a day as a nurse, decided that (26) _______(place) Kieron for adoption would give him the best chance to succeed.“She was very emotional about that time, to the point (27) _______ it was hard for her to put into words anything about what happened,” Vincent says.Now the brothers had the chance to make up for lost time. They decided to meet at a local tea shop that week. One of Vincent’s concerns was that Kieron (28) _______ hate his birth family for placing him for adoption. He was relieved Kieron didn’t, and (29) _______ he’d grown up in a loving family. After that first meeting, the brothers played football together and celebrated Christmas with their families. “We’ll keep growing our relationship (30) _______ it’s time to leave this planet,” says Vincent. That shouldn’t be hard. As Kieron says, “We’ve got years and years to catch up on.”Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A. motiveB. deliberatelyC. convincedD. injuriousE. alertsF. desperatelyG. sweptH. accountsI. unconsciousJ. preservingK. chargingRobert Pitman, a marine ecologist, describes an encounter he witnessed in Antarctica in 2009. A group of killer whales were attacking a Weddell seal. The seal swam 31 toward a pair of humpbacks that had inserted themselves into the action. One of the humpbacks rolled over on its back, and the seal was 32 onto its chest, between the whale’s massive flippers (鳍). “That incident 33 me,” he says. “Those humpbacks were doing something we couldn’t explain.”Pitman started asking other researchers and whale watchers to send him similar 34 . Soon he was reading through observations of 115 encounters between humpbacks and killer whales, recorded over 62 years. “There are some pretty astonishing videos of humpbacks 35 killer whales,” he says.In a 2016 article in Marine Mammal Science, a famous scientific journal, Pitman and his co-authors describe this behaviour and confirm that such acts of do-gooding are widespread. But knowing that something is happening and understanding why it’s happening are two different things. Pitman and his co-authors openly reflected on the meaning of these encounters. “Why,” they wrote, “would humpbacks 36 interfere with attacking killer whales, spending time and energy on a potentially 37 activity, especially when the killer whales… were attacking other species of prey?”Interestingly, humpbacks don’t just hit on killer-whale attacks. They race toward them like firefighters into burning buildings. And like those rescue workers, humpbacks don’t know who is in danger until they get there. That’s because the sound that 38 them to an attack isn’t the sad voice of the victim. It’s the excited calls of the killer whales. Pitman believes humpbacks have one simple instruction: “When you hear killer whales attacking, go break it up.”I wonder what humpback whales care deeply enough about to actively swim into battle with killer whales. When I ask Pitman, he tells me that, it still comes down to selfishly 39 their own kind. He believes that their occasional rescues of humpback calves (后代) create a strong enough 40 for them to rush in to help, even if it means they end up saving sunfish, sea lions, dolphins every now and then.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.The true purpose of a business, Peter Drucker said, is to create and keep customers. “Customer value” has several definitions. I use the 41 to mean the total lifetime value of a company’s customer base. Companies can increase this value by 42 more customers, earning more business from existing ones, keeping them longer, making their experience simpler through digital improvements and so on. 43 leaders have long understood the importance of concentrating on customer value rather than pursuing short-term profits or quarterly earnings, and they’ve become enduring customer loyalty leaders in the process. It’s worth noting that a number of loyalty-leading companies are able to 44 shareholder pressure, or avoid it altogether, because they are founder-led, customer-owned, or not publicly traded.Companies can 45 customer value in a variety of ways: To increase 46 , enterprise software companies sometimes charge corporate customers change fees that can raise the total cost of ownership to as much as three times the original price. To reduce operating costs, restaurant chains sometimes 47 frozen and precooked ingredients in place of fresh and made-to-order food. The resulting profits may look good on the income statement. Such strategies may even lead to short-term earnings growth. But they also 48 potential customers and encourage disloyalty.Given the importance of customer value, leaders should track it as much as they track other key assets (资产), such as buildings, machinery, and marketable securities. They also should reveal it in their quarterly and annual earnings releases so that investors can make 49 judgments about company performance and how it compares with that of industry peers. But most companies 50 believe that measuring customer value is too difficult or costly. They continue to rely on a centuries-old accounting tradition that emphasizes physical and financial assets, and neither income statements nor balance sheets offer much 51 into the value of a company’s customers.As investors wake up to the importance of customer value, however, many growth-stage companies now direct investors’ attention to 52 in growing the value of their customer base. Some public companies increasingly report various types of customer value metrics (指标). One of the UK’s top energy suppliers E.ON, 53 , reports year-over-year customer counts in its financial report. “As a customer-focused company,” E.ON noted, “we see customer value as crucial to our success.”This is a start, but because there are no customer-value reporting standards or requirements, investors still have a(n) 54 picture. The minority of companies that do provide customer value information decide for themselves what to disclose. 55 , firms may calculate customer metrics differently or change them to tell a desired story, or simply stop reporting them if they fail to go with the company’s preferred narrative.41. A. item B. version C. term D. definition42. A. persuading B. consulting C. acquiring D. inspecting43. A. Considerate B. Visionary C. Determined D. Powerful44. A. resist B. relieve C. intensify D. maintain45. A. raise B. adopt C. calculate D. destroy46. A. income B. experience C. productivity D. demand47. A. separate B. substitute C. forbid D. combine48. A. appeal to B. rely on C. put down D. scare off49. A. informed B. subjective C. definitive D. independent50. A. fully B. hardly C. readily D. wrongly51. A. suspicion B. extension C. literacy D. visibility52. A. sacrifice B. success C. prejudice D. expense53. A. as a result B. for example C. on the contrary D. in general54. A. incomplete B. depressing C. convincing D. vivid55. A. Instead B. Further C. Otherwise D. ThereforeSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.Aristotle thought the face was a window onto a person’s mind. Cicero agreed. Two thousand years passed, and facial expressions are still commonly thought to be a universally valid way to judge other people’s feelings, irrespective of age, sex and culture. A raised eyebrow suggests confusion. A smile indicates happiness.Or do they? An analysis of hundreds of research papers that examined the relationship between facial expressions and underlying emotions has uncovered a surprising conclusion: there is no good scientific evidence to suggest that there are such things as recognizable facial expressions for basic emotions which areuniversal across cultures. Just because a person is not smiling, the researchers found, does not mean that person is unhappy.This may raise questions about the efforts of information-technology companies to develop artificial-intelligence algorithms (算法) which can recognize facial expressions and work out a person’s underlying emotional state. Microsoft, for example, claims its “Emotion API” is able to detect what people are feeling by examining video footage of them. Another of the study’s authors, however, expressed scepticism. Aleix Martinez, a computer engineer at Ohio State University, said that companies attempting to obtain emotions from images of faces have failed to understand the importance of context.For a start, facial expression is but one of a number of non-verbal ways，such as body posture, that people use to communicate with each other. Machine recognition of emotion needs to take account of these as well. But context can reach further than that. Dr Martinez mentioned an experiment in which participants were shown a close-up picture of a man’s face, which was bright red with his mouth open in a scream. Based on this alone, most participants said the man was extremely angry. Then the whole picture was shown. It was a football player with his arms outstretched, celebrating a goal. His angry-looking face was, in fact, a show of pure joy.Given that people cannot guess each other’s emotional states most of the time, Dr Martinez sees no reason computers would be able to. “There are companies right now claiming to be able to do that and apply this to places I find really scary and dangerous, for example, in hiring people,” he says. “Some companies require you to present a video resume, which is analyzed by a machine-learning system. And depending on your facial expressions, they hire you or not, which I find really shocking.”56. We can learn from the second paragraph that __________.A. facial expressions are universal across culturesB. it is hard to recognize some facial expressionsC. emotions and facial expressions may not be relatedD. common facial expressions convey similar meanings57. In the passage, the word “scepticism” (paragraph 3) is closest in meaning to “__________”.A. similar interestB. fierce angerC. strong supportD. great doubt58. The experiment mentioned by Dr Martinez may prove that ___________.A. facial expression is an important way to communicateB. machine recognition of emotion is not reliable at allC. facial expression is not the only way to detect feelingsD. people may misread facial expressions for lack of context59. What does this passage mainly tell us?A. Facial expressions are among the most universal forms of body language.B. Computers can detect people’s mind by analyzing their facial expressions.C. Facial expressions may not be the reliable reflection of a person’s emotions.D. Companies can depend on machine recognition of emotion to hire people.Founded in 1887, The Writer aims to expand and support the work of professional writers with a straightforward presentation of industry information, writing instruction and professional and personal motivation. If you’re passionate about books, authors, and writing, you’ll find everything you need within our pages 12 times a year.Our editors are interested in query letters (投稿信) on concrete topics written by emerging and experienced writers. We are looking for clear takeaway for our readers: What can they learn to improve their writing or advance their careers? What specific how-to tips and strategies will accomplish this?In addition to a fleshed-out outline of your story idea and an estimated word count, queries should include a brief description of your background. For personal essays, we prefer writers to attach or paste the finished piece in their query email. We do not accept material that has been previously published in any form in print or online.Queries should be sent by e-mail to tweditorial@. All queries sent to any other address will be deleted.Unfortunately, we receive hundreds of letters every week and cannot respond to all of them. If you haven’t heard from us in two weeks, please feel free to move your submission (投稿) to another publication. If you’re unfamiliar with our magazine, we recommend reading a few issues, subscribing, or at least signing up for ournewsletter to get a feel for the kind of work we publish.Article lengths vary widely from 300 to 3,000 words.We recommend writers ask themselves the following questions before querying. It isn’t necessary to include them in your query, but we find it’s a good way to help us understand how your piece best fits in our pages:How specifically will this story idea help our readers become more informed writers?Why is this particular idea timely or relevant?Why are you the perfect person to write this piece?We prefer electronic queries. Please do not mail queries.Payment varies.Thank you for considering a submission to The Writer magazine, the voice of imagination, creation, and publication since 1887.60. According to the passage, The Writer magazine __________.A. provides practical suggestions on a writing careerB. responds to all the query letters from the readersC. introduces successful writers and their works onlyD. prefers handwritten queries to electronic ones61. When sending a query letter, a contributor must ________.A. answer the three questions firstB. attach a printed version of the storyC. subscribe to the magazineD. include a brief self-introduction62. What is this passage mainly about?A. Magazine recommendations.B. Submission guidelines.C. Published stories.D. Subscription information.There has, in recent years, been an outpouring of information about the impact of buildings on the natural environment. Information which explains and promotes green and sustainable construction design, strives to convince others of its efficacy (功效) and warns of the dangers of ignoring the issue. Seldom do these documents offer any advice to practitioners, such as those designing mechanical and electrical systems for a building, on how to use this knowledge on a practical level.Although there are a good many advocates of “green” construction in the architectural industry, able to list enough reasons why buildings should be designed in a sustainable way, not to mention plenty of architectural firms with experience in green design, this is not enough to make green construction come into being. The driving force behind whether a building is constructed with minimal environmental impact lies with the owner of the building; that is, the person financing the project. If the owner considers green design unimportant, or of secondary importance, then more than likely, it will not be factored into the design.The commissioning (委任) process plays a key role in ensuring the owner gets the building he wants, in terms of design, costs and risk. At the predesign stage, the owner’s objectives and expectations are discussed and documented. This gives a design team a solid foundation on which they can build their ideas. Owners who skip the commissioning process, or fail to take “green” issues into account when doing so, often come a cropper once their building is up and running. Materials and equipment are installed as planned, and, at first glance, appear to fulfil their purpose adequately. However, in time, the owner realizes that operational and maintenance costs are higher than necessary, and that the occupants are dissatisfied with the results. These factors in turn lead to higher ownership costs as well as increased environmental impact.In some cases, an owner may be aware of the latest trends in sustainable building design. However, firms should not take it as read that the client already has an idea of how green he intends the structure to be. Indeed, this initial interaction between owner and firm is the ideal time for a designer to outline and promote the ways that green design can meet the client’s objectives, thus turning a project originally not destined for green design into a potential candidate.Typically, when considering whether or not to adopt a green approach, an owner will ask about additional costs or return for investment. In a typical project, landscape architects, mechanical and electrical engineers do not become involved until a much later stage. However, in green design, they must be involved from the outset, since green design demands interaction between these disciplines. This increased cooperation clearly requires additional cost. However, there may be financial advantage for the client in choosing a greener design. There are examples of green designs which have demonstrated lower costs for long-term operation, ownership and even construction.63. What is the main reason for the lack of green buildings being designed according to the passage?A. Few firms have enough experience in designing and constructing green buildings.B. Construction companies are unaware of the benefits of sustainable designs.C. Firms do not get to decide whether a building is to be constructed sustainably.D. Firms tend to convince clients that other factors are more important than sustainability.64. The phrase “come a cropper” probably means ________.A. experience misfortuneB. change one’s mindC. notice the benefitsD. make a start65. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?A. Most clients have a clear idea of whether they want a green building at the beginning.B. Green buildings are most likely to cost more money than conventional buildings.C. The commissioning process offers a good opportunity to bring up the subject of green design.D. Firms should avoid working with clients who reject green designs in their buildings.66. The writer’s main purpose is to ________.A. explain the importance of communication when a building is commissionedB. emphasize the importance of green building design in protecting the environmentC. explain to building owners why ignoring green issues is costly and dangerousD. inform professionals how they can influence clients to choose greener designsSection CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.A. The cultural breakthrough came in 2014 with a very specific podcast—Serial.B. But if you are a celebrity, podcasts can provide a new branch of business.C. And now, despite the growth in smartphones offering high-definition pictures, the popularity of podcasts is booming.D. Now the boom in podcasting embraces a huge range of talent, from professional broadcasters to enthusiasts offering insights on anything and everything.E. Podcasts offer a chance to speak to a very precise selection of people.F. But where did this trend for making portable audio programmes begin?Do you prefer to watch TV or listen to the radio? There was a time when some people thought moving pictures would spell the end of tuning in to the radio for entertainment and information. But radio survived and boomed. (67) ____________________Perhaps the growth in podcasting is not surprising—it offers a digital audio file that can be downloaded and stored for listening at any time. It can also be streamed from the internet and played on a computer or MP3 player. And it’s not just broadcasters, like the BBC, who are producing podcasts: now commercial broadcasters, individuals and companies with no connection to broadcasting are making them. In fact, anyone with something to say, and a few pounds to spend on the equipment, can get involved.The digital audio files are cheap to produce and, thanks to the internet, easy to distribute. (68) ____________________ Journalist Ben Hammersley told the BBC that “two changes transformed the market—one cultural and one technical.” A technical breakthrough came in 2012 when Apple produced the iPhone podcast app, which proved a popular library system for listeners. This was followed by a dramatic improvement in inexpensive recording production and editing equipment. Finally, the development of 4G mobile phone connections and widespread wi-fi meant listeners could browse, download or stream shows whenever they wanted.(69) ____________________ It was a piece of investigative journalism hosted by Sarah Koenig, telling a non-fiction story over multiple episodes (集). To date, the first and second seasons of the show have had more than 340 million downloads.Advertisers soon realized the money-making potential of this and other successful podcasts. And where the audience goes, the money follows. From 2017 to 2018 advertising spending on podcasts in the UK went from $10.6m(￡8.5m) to $19.7m, an 85% increase, according to Ovum.(70) ____________________ In fact, as Ben Hammersley explains, podcasting has brought people into broadcasting who would normally never have seen the inside of a recording studio. “There are of course professional podcasters, but there are many more people who create quality content and do it for nothing,” he says. “And that is changing not just the way we listen to audio but the way the broadcasting industry works.”IV．Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.V. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1. 开车时遮挡车牌号是违法的。
2020年上海市徐汇中学西校区高三英语二模试卷及答案解析
2020年上海市徐汇中学西校区高三英语二模试卷及答案解析第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项ATheatre reflects the values of the civilization out of which it grows. The following are the types of theatre performances an ancient Roman might have witnessed then.Fescennine VerseFescennine Verse was a pioneer of Roman comedy. Ironic and improvisational（即兴的）, it was used mainly at festivals or weddings, and as invective. With early native Italian funny dialogues in Latin verse, it was thought to have combined with a tradition of performances by masked dancers and musicians from Etruria.Fabula AtellanaFabula Atellana relied on common characters, masks, direct humor, and simple plots. They were performed by actors improvising. Fabula Atellana came from the Oscan city of Atella. There were 4 main types of characters: the braggart, the greedy blockhead, the clever hunchback and the stupid old man, like modern Punch and Judy shows.Fabula TogataNamed for the clothing symbolic of the Roman people Fabula Togata had various subtypes. One was the Fabula Tabernaria, named for the tavern（酒馆）where the comedy’s preferred characters, lowlifes, might be found. One describing more middle-class types, and continuing the Roman clothing theme, was the Fabula Trabeata.Fabula PraetextaFabula Praetexta is the name for Roman tragedies on Roman themes, Roman history or current politics. Fabula Praetexta was less popular than tragedies on Greek themes. During the Golden Age of drama in the Middle Republic, there were four great Roman writers of tragedy, Naevius, Ennius, Pacuvius, and Accius. Of their surviving tragedies, 90 titles remain.All the performances above began as a translation of Greek forms, even to the extent of their being performed in Greek costume.1.Where might an ancient Roman witness Fescennine Verse?A.At a party.B.At a funeral.C.At a wedding.D.At a concert.2.Which type of performance describes the middle-class life?A.Fabula Atellana.B.Fabula Tabernaria.C.Fabula Trabeata.D.Fabula Praetexta.3.What do the listed types of performances have in common?A.They copy Latin dramas.B.They take on Greek forms.C.They reflect Roman themes.D.They refer to Italian stories.BIf you’ve ever had a dog, you know just how deep a connection you can develop with “man’s best friend”. But a dog has a much shorter life span — about 12 to 15 years long — than humans, which means every dog owner has to go through the heartbreaking moment when their loving pet passes away.Why not make a clone of that dog then? This is the solution offered by a South Korean company, Sooam Biotech Research Foundation. The company has successfully cloned at least 400 dogs, mostly for US customers, ever since it pioneered the technique in 2005. Now, Sooam Biotech is planning to introduce their business toUKdog owners, offering them dogs that look just like their lost ones.Meanwhile, another dog is selected to supply an egg.Researchers then replace the DNA in the egg with that from the skin cell and implant the egg into the womb (子宫) of a female dog. The egg grows into a puppy over the following two months. To clone a dog, researchers first need to take a skin cell from a living dog or one that has just died.The whole process takes less than a day, but it comes at a shockingly high price — around £63,000 (614,000 yuan). But if you can’t afford it now, you can also save the cells in a laboratory and access them at a later date. Just like identical twins of humans, they share the exact same DNA but there will still be small differences between them. “The spots on a Dalmatian clone will be different, for example,” Insung Hwang, head of Sooam Biotech, toldThe Guardian. However, as magical as cloning might sound, there is no guarantee that the cloned dog will be a perfect replica of the original one.Dog owners will also have to accept the fact that personality is not “clone-able”. Apart from genes, personality is also determined by upbringing and environment, which are both “random elements [that] cloning technologies simply cannot overcome”, Professor Tom Kirkwood atNewcastle University,UK, toldThe Telegraph.Perhaps bringing our dogs back with cloning is not the best way to remember them after all.Kirkwood, a dog owner himself, pointed out: “An important aspect of our relationship with them is coming to terms with the pain of letting go.”4. According to the article, Sooam Biotech Research Foundation is ______.A. working on plans to help dog owners enjoy their pets longerB. offering a way to help dogs give birth to more puppiesC. providing a service that will make copies of pet dogsD. introducing a completely new technique to clone dogs5. Which of the following statements about dog cloning is TRUE according to the article?A. Dog cloning technology hadn’t been put into practice until recently.B. Dog cloning is very expensive and usually takes several months to complete.C. Dog cloning is very popular among US andUKpet owners.D. Cloned dogs might develop different habits and characteristics even though they look very similar.6. Which of the following shows the correct order of the dog cloning process?a. an egg is taken from another dogb. a skin cell is taken from the pet dog and saved in a laboratoryc. the egg is placed in the womb of a female dogd. the DNA of the egg is replaced by the DNA from the skin celle. the egg grows into a puppy in two monthsA. acbde.B. adbce.C. bacde.D. badce.7. We can learn from the article thatKirkwood______ dog cloning.A. disapproves ofB. supportsC. is afraid ofD. is curious aboutCWhere doyou usually put your toothbrush?Do you keep it in the bathroom? How’s your toothbrush looking these days? Even if you can’t see it with a naked eye, experts say it may be saturated(使饱和)with millions of toilet germs!Dr. Charles Oerba, a germ expert, is amicrobiology professor at the University of Arizona. He says there are approximately 3 million bacteria per square inch in most toilet bowls, and every time you flush it without closing the lid, those millions of bacteria droplets spray into the air as far as twenty feet away and dirty everything in their path. And a common victim is your poor toothbrush, usually, left out on the bathroom sink, right?So, what do we do? Dr. Gerba says it’s easy. Close the toilet lid before you flush—that’ll greatly cut downthe germs, which will otherwise float in the air. And wash your toothbrush every few days in mouthwash or peroxide to get rid of any germs hiding in it. You can even put it through the dishwasher to sanitize(消毒)it. And alwaysstore your toothbrush in a closed cabinet.Here’s one more tip from Dr. Gerba, who says our kitchen sink is probably dirtier than our toilet. “If an alien came from space and studied the bacterial counts, he probably would conclude he should wash his hands in your toilet and go to the bathroom in your sink.” He says that’s because the kitchen sink is a great place where E. coli(大肠杆菌)to live and grow since it’s wet and damp. Bacteria feed on the food that people put down the drain or—that’s left on dishes in the sink. To reset your sink’s bacteria count back to zero, you’d better regularly wash it with hot water and sanitize yoursink with special chemicals. In fact, you may want to do it every day or before preparing dinner.8. What is the purpose of the text?A. To show how to brush your teeth.B. To tell people the importance of health.C. To warn people of the invisible germs.D. To introduce a microbiology professor.9. What can we learn from Paragraph 2?A. Bathroom sinks are the dirtiest places.B. Bacteria are bad for people’s health.C. Why bacteria spread through the air.D. How bacteria spread in the bathroom.10. What does the underlined word“that”in Paragraph 4 refer to?A. The food.B. The toothbrush.C. The sink.D. The chemical.11. Why does Dr. Gerba mention the example of an alien?A. To tell us a fiction story of an alien studying bacteria.B. To show our kitchen sink may be dirtier than our toilet.C. To teach us how to reset sink’s bacteria count back to zero.D. To prove coli prefers to live in the kitchen and the drain.DIf you have ever been disappointed because you don’t have a good gardener ,the clever robot may one day become the helper of your indoor plantsThe Hexa Plant is a six-legged robot that has been specially made to care for the potted plant that carries ontop of its head .Using light and heats sensors (传感器) the robot has the ability to carry its plant in and out the daylight .If the houseplant needs more sun，the Hexa will walk into the sunlight ;and if the houseplant is getting too hot , the Hexa will go back into the area that blocks direct light The Hexa Plant will even do a little dance when it senses that the plant needs to be watered to warn its owner .The robot was developed by Vincross engineer and founder Sun Tianqi after he saw a dead sunflower sitting in the darkness in a room back in 2014 .” Plants only receive an action without responding ,”SunTianqi wrote in a blog post .” Whether they are being cut ,bitten ,burned or pulled from the earth ,or when they haven’t received enough sunshine ,water ,or are too hot or cold ,they will hold still and take whatever is happening to them .According to Sun Tianqi ,for billions of years ,plants have never experienced movement of any kind ,not even the simplest movement .In their whole lives ,they stick to where they were born .Sun Tianqi continued ,” Do they want break their own settings or have a tendency towards this ?I do not know the answer ,but would love to try to share some of this human tendency and technology with plants With the help of the robot ,plants can experience the move”.The Hexa Plant model robots are not for sale ,though Vincross does sell a Hexa robot model .It is said that in the near future the robots can open up a new market to watch over our household plants12. What can we learn about the Hexa Plant?A. It helps people do some gardening .B. It waters the plants through dancingC. It helps indoor plants get proper sunlightD. It carries the potted plant with its hands13. What does the author try to show through Paragraph 3?A. The way plants spend their whole livesB. The common way people deal with plantsC. The difference between plants and humansD. The cause of making the indoor plants’ helper.14. What does Sun Tianqi try do using this technology?A. To develop gardening skills.B. To draw people’s attention plantsC. make plants experience moveD. study the living conditions of plants15. What can be the best title for the text?A. A New Market for robotsB. An Indoor Plants’ HelperC. An Important Development in GardeningD The Tendency of Gardening in the Future第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
2020年上海市徐汇中学西校区高三英语二模试题及参考答案
2020年上海市徐汇中学西校区高三英语二模试题及参考答案第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项AThe Origins of Famous BrandsOur lives are full of brand names and trademarked products that we use every day. Although many brand names are simple acronyms(首字母缩略词) or versions of their founders names, some of the companies we trust every day actually have fascinating and surprising back stories.StarbucksIt seems fitting that the most famous coffee brand in the world would take its name from one of the world’s greatest works of literature. The inspiration for the name of the coffeehouse came from Herman Melville’sMoby Dick. The founders’ original idea was to name the company after the Captain Ahab’s ship, but they eventually decided that Pequot wasn’t a great name for coffee, so they chose Ahab’s first mate, Starbucks, as the name instead.GoogleGoogle was originally called Backrub, for it searched for links in every corner of the Web. In 1997, when the founders of the company were searching for a new name showing a huge amount of data for their rapidly improving search technology, a friend suggested the word “googol”. When a friend tried to register the new domain (域) name, he misspelled “googol” as “google”.NikeOriginally founded as a distributor for Japanese running shoes, the company was originally named BRS, or Blue Ribbon Sports. In 1971, BRS introduced its own soccer shoe, a model called Nike, which is alsothe name for the Greek goddess of victory. In 1978, the company officially renamed itself as Nike, Inc.The right name is essential to a company’s success, and a great origin story is just as important as a great product. An attractive origin story is one more thing that keeps customers guessing, wondering, and buying its products.1. What is the name of the Captain Ahab’s ship?A. Moby Dick.B. Starbucks.C. Pequot.D. Herman Melville.2. Why did the founders of the Google want to change its name?A. They mistook their name.B. They wanted new customers.C. The company’s original name was too long.D. The company’s search technology was improving rapidly.3. Where does the importance of the origin story of one company lie in?A. It can change the company’s image.B. It can add myth to the company.C. It explains the development of the company to customers.D. It makes customers imagine and purchase its goods.BThe idea came to him when he least expected it. Alvin Irby was at a barbershop when he saw one of his former students sitting in the shop with a bored look on his face. That’s when Irby realized that by pairing barbershops and books, he might be able to inspire young boys to read.Alvin Irby, a former kindergarten and first-grade teacher, knows how important it is for young children to read. He also knows that young boys in particular often don’t have adult male role models who inspire them to read. “Many young boys may literally never see a man reading in school during the years when they’re learning to read because there are so few male elementary school teachers,” Irby toldMashable.That’s where the barbershops come in. Four years ago, Irby launched Barbershop Books as a way to not just get books into the hands of young boys, but also to create community reading spaces in a place where kids go frequently. Since itsinceptionin 2013, the program has created kid-friendly reading spaces in 50 barbershops in 12 states throughout the United States.Irby isn’t the first person to see the connection between barbershops and books and boys. Hair stylist Courtney Holmes, launched a program a few years ago offering free haircuts to kids as long as they read to him while he cuts their hair.That’s the kind of environment that Irby wants to promote with his program. The reading spaces created by Barbershop Books help to spark an interest in books by showing kids that reading is about more than just spelling and vocabulary skills, it’s about making reading a low-stress activity that can help them relax, laugh and have fun.“Our belief is that if we can create positive reading experiences early and often for young boys, then they will choose to read for fun,” Irby noted, adding, “This is really what Barbershop Books is about, getting young boys to say three words: I’m a reader.”4. What happened to Alvin when he was at a barbershop?A. He found it easy for young people to get bored.B. He offered a barbershop to his former student.C. He thought of a way to encourage young readers.D. He realized the importance of reading for young boys.5. What is the function of Barbershop Books?A. To attract more customers who love films.B. To provide free haircuts to book lovers.C. To show the influence of reading on children.D. To create a reading environment fbr children.6. It can be inferred from the passage that ________.A. reading is a low-stress activity that is relaxingB. Barbershop Books is only suitable for young boysC. Irby attaches great importance to school educationD. Barbershop Books can arouse (引起) young people’s interest in reading7. What does the underlined word “inception” in the 3rdparagraph mean?A. discovery.B. success.C. popularity.D. beginning.CThe market for tourism in remote areas is booming as never before. Countries all across the world are actively promoting their wilderness regions-such as mountains, Arctic lands, deserts, small islands and wetlands— to high-spending tourists. The attraction of these areas is obvious: by definition, wilderness tourism requires little or no initial investment. But that does not mean that there is no cost.Once a location is established as a main tourist destination, the effects on the local community are profound. Hill-farmers can make more money from foreign travellers than working in their fields. It is not surprising that many o£ them give up their farm-work. In some hill-regions, this has led to a serious decline in farm output and a change in the local diet, because there is lacking labour to maintain terraces and irrigation systems. The result has been that many people in these regions have turned to outside supplies of rice and other foods.InArcticand desert societies, year-round survival has traditionally depended on hunting animals and fish and collecting fruit over a ly short season. However, as some inhabitants become involved in tourism, they no longerhave time to collect wild food; this has led to increasing dependence on bought food and stores. What should they do if these new sources of income dry up?The physical impact of visitors is another serious problem associated with the growth in adventure tourism. Much attention has focused on erosion along major roads, but perhaps more important are the forest destruction and impacts on water supplies arising from the need to provide tourists with cooked food and hot showers. In both mountains and deserts, slow-growing trees are often the main sources of fuel and water supplies may be limited through heavy use.8. Why are some countries promoting the wilderness regions to tourists?A. The wildness regions are accessible to tourists.B. The landscapes there are beautiful and unique.C. Developing tourism there doesn't need much investment.D. Lots of high-spending tourists prefer such remote regions.9. What is the effect of tourism on the local community?A. Many hill farmers have turned to outside supplies of foods.B. There is enough labour to maintain terraces and irrigation systems.C. Farm output there has increased and local diet has changed.D. The local people's new sources of income will dry up soon.10. Which might be the best title of the passage?A. The future of wilderness tourism.B. The impacts of wilderness tourism.C. The destruction of wilderness tourism.D. The disadvantages of wilderness tourism.11. If there is one more paragraph following the last paragraph, what will it talk about?A. The effects on local people.B. The solutions tothese problems.C. The choices of adventure tourists.D. The reasons for visiting remote areas.DThe United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) included on December 17, 2020 China's Tai Chi on the RepresentativeList of the Intangible（无形的）Cultural Heritage of Humanity. The decision was announced during the online meeting of the UNESCO Intergovernmental Committee for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage held from December 14 to19 inKingston, capital ofJamaica.“Born in the mid-17th century in a small village named Chenjiagou located in Central China's Henan province, Tai Chi is not only a kind of traditional Wushu integrated with slow movements and deep breathing, but is alsodeeply rooted in many areas of Chinese culture, such as medicine and philosophy,”Zhu Xianghua says, who is the son of the famous Tai Chi master Zhu Tiancai.Although it has spread to more than 150 countries and regions, attracting more than 100 million people to practice, the idea that Tai Chi is for the elderly has stopped many young people practicing the ancient Wushu. They think of it as a slow exercise, which is specially made and better suited for their grandparents. Instead, many young people are turning to the Indian practice of yoga（瑜伽）to relieve stress, which was placed on the UNESCO's List in 2019.In order to promote Tai Chi, joint efforts have been made from individuals and the Chinese government in the last decades. Xi'an Jiaotong University requires students to learn Tai Chi. Wang Yunbing, a professor in the university's sports center, stressed that Tai Chi is not only good physical exercise-researchers from the American College of Rheumatology find that it can help manage several diseases but is also conned ted to ancient Chinese eivilization. Since 2014, the World Tai Chi Championships have been held every two years by the International Wushu Federation. It provides a platform for communication and learning between the Tai Chi masters and Tai Chi lovers around the globe. In January 2020, Tai Chi became an official event in the 2026 Dakar Youth Olympic Games.12. What does Zhu Xianghua say about Tai Chi in paragraph 2?A. It originated from fast Kung Fu action.B. It was born around the 1750s in a village.C. It is related to other cultural fields ofChina.D. It integrates Chinese medicine and western philosophy.13. Why do some young people choose to practice yoga instead of Tai Chi?A. They think it easier to practice yoga to keep fit.B. The elderly stop young people practicing Tai Chi.C. They consider Tai Chi is custom-built for old people.D. Yoga was included in the world culture earlier than Tai Chi.14. What is the main purpose of the last paragraph?A. To promote contemporary Chinese civilization.B. To show many efforts made to popularize Tai Chi.C. To stress the importance of Chinese Tai Chi masters.D. To advise people to practise Tai Chi to cure diseases.15.Which of the following is the best title for the passage?A. Tai Chi Steps on the UNESCO's List.B. Tai Chi is Competing against Yoga.C. Tai Chi Has Regained populate Globally.D. Opinions Greatly Differ on Tai Chi and Yoga.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
2020年上海市徐汇中学高三英语第二次联考试题及答案
2020年上海市徐汇中学高三英语第二次联考试题及答案第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项ABest language learning appsDuolingoThe app doesn't restrict how many languages you can try to learn at the same time. I use Duolingo to practice Spanish and German. In the app, you can access resources such as Duolingo Stories, which can allow you to check your comprehension skills as you go. I also subscribe to Premium for $10 per month which includes an ad-free experience and downloadable lessons.MemriseOne of my favorite parts of Memrise is its short videos about how real locals express different phrases in conversation. A few lessons are available for free daily, but the full program is accessible if you subscribe to Memrise Pro. There are three plans—one month for $9, a year for $30 or three months for $19.BusuuWhen you sign up for Busuu, you select the language you want to learn, and the app helps you determine how advanced you are with it and why you want to learn it, and to what level. From there, you set a daily study goal. Premium costs about $6 per month for a year.LiricaIf you listen to any song enough, you'll learn all the words through repetition, even if they're in a different language. But how do you figure out what they mean? This is where Lirica comes in. This app is unique in how it approaches teaching Spanish. Instead of traditional teaching methods for learning a language, Lirica uses popular music by Latin artists to help you learn the Spanish language and grammar. Lirica has a one-week free trial and then it's about $4 per month.1. Which app is best for learning multiple languages at a time?A. Lirica.B. Busuu.C. Memrise.D. Duolingo.2. How much should you pay for a quarterly subscription to Memrise Pro?A. $9.B. $19.C. $28.D. $30.3. What is special about Lirica?A. It offers a one-month free trial.B. It helps users set a daily study goal.C. It hires Latin artists to teach Spanish.D. It enables users to learn Spanish through music.BThis year researchers expect the world to snap 1.35 trillion photographs, or about 3.7 billion per day. All those pixels (像素) take up a lot of room if they are stored on personal computers or s phones, which is one reason why many people store their images in the cloud. But unlike a hard on drive which can be encrypted to protect its data, cloud storage users have to trust that a tech platform will keep their private pictures safe. Now a team of Columbia University computer scientists has developed a tool to encrypt (加密) images stored on many popular cloud services while allowing authorized users to browse and display their photographs as usual.Malicious (恶意的) attempts to access or leak cloud-based photographs can expose personal information. In November 2019, for example, a bug in the popular photograph storage app Google Photos mistakenly shared some users' private videos with strangers. Security experts also worry about employees at cloud storage companies on purpose accessing users' images.So the Columbia researchers came up with a system called Easy Secure Photos (ESP), which they presented at a recent conference. “We wanted to see if we could make it possible to encrypt data while using existing services,” says computer scientist Jason Nieh, one of the developers of ESP. “Everyone wants to stay with Google Photos and not have to register on a new encrypted-image cloud storage service.”To overcome this problem, they created a tool that preserves blocks of pixels but moves them around to effectively hide the photograph. First, ESP's algorithm (算法) divides a photograph into three separate files, each one containing the image's red, green or blue color1 data. Then the system hides the pixel blocks around among these three files (allowing a block from the red file, for instance, to hide out in the green or blue ones). But the program does nothing within the pixel blocks, where all the image processing happens. As a result, the files remain unchanged images but end up looking like grainy black-and-white ones to anyone who accesses them without the decryption (解密) key.4. What's probably the main purpose for people to store images in the cloud?A. To save storage room.B. To make photos beautiful.C. To try a new storage way.D. To keep their privacy safe.5. Why might employees in cloud storage companies be distrusted by experts?A. They sell users' passwords.B. They have invented new tools.C. They often let out personal information.D. They may steal a glance at users' images.6. What's the advantage of ESP?A. It can provide clear images.B. It can decrease the upload time.C. It can classify images automatically.D. It can encrypt data on the original platform.7. What does paragraph 4 mainly talk about?A. Method of decryption.B. Image-processing technique.C. Separate files of images.D. Data analysisof color1 s.CIt's the near future.Animal populations have fallen sharply and 80% of species are extinct.The forests are so rare that you need to make a booking to visit one. Birds also face extinction.The Arctic terns,a species evolved to fly across the world on4000kmannual journeys，are on their last migration (迁徙) to Antarctica.The Last Migrationby the Sydney-based writer Charlotte McConaghy is a different sort of climate novel，one in which the heroine's(女主人公)damaged soul is as much a story as the damaged environment This is McConaghy's first work of literary fiction,after a history publishing in science fiction and a romantic fantasy series."I wanted to try and engage with the climate crisis closely,"she said."It's hard to nail down where he book came from.But I had Toni Morrison's words in my head:'If there's a book you really want to read,but i hasn't been written yet,then you must write it.'I love that. It really speaks to me.""I wanted to write about the way the natural world is disappearing but I didn't know a way in."The way in”, she says, was to"go travelling.I went to Ireland and Iceland,and thought about these incredible journeys of the terns and these people who study hes journeys."The book became a story of a double journey: the migration of the birds,and a broken woman's travelling to the end of the earth.Much of the book is told in flashbacks, the action jumping between the south coast of New South Wales to the west coast of Ireland and to Greenland."I've always been fascinated with Ireland: the landscape, the people and the poetry and music.I was fascinated with writing a character from there. It was a way to connect more with the place."McConaghy says she also wanted to have a character who was"of two places"."I had lived in 21 houses by the time I was 21, as a result I definitely know how it feels to feel as if you are not sure where you belong and feeling as if you are between two worlds."8. How isThe Last Migrationdifferent from other climate novels?A. It forecasts environmental destruction.B. It features a bird's cross-continental migration.C It combines science fiction well with romantic fantasy.D. It attaches equal importance to the heroine's broken soul.9. What did McConaghy think of Toni Morrison's words?A. Inspirational.B. One-sided.C. Authoritative.D. Casual.10. Why did McConaghy go travelling?A. To appreciate the landscape of Ireland.B. To follow the migration of the birds.C. To get away from her tiresome life.D. To find ideas for her new book.11. How might a character "of two places"feel?A. Content and carefree.B. More connected with nature.C. Lacking in a sense of belonging.D. Knowledgeable about the world.DI have a memory of being about five years old, picking up a beautiful grilled(烧烤的）cheese sandwich made for me by my hard —working mother and turning it over to see that theother side was burned. Suddenly what I thought was the perfect sandwich was not so perfect. Mom had tried to hide that fact from me. There was no question; I ate it anyway without complaining. However, that moment has stuck in my mind for many years. Now, at the age of 43 as a mother of two children and as a biology professor where I am routinely the "academic mother" of hundreds of students every year,I find that I believe inThe Grilled Cheese Principle.Here is what I mean Making a grilled cheese sandwich is easy right? But when I think of how many burned grilled cheesesandwiches I have eaten, or I have made myself, I realize that most of the grilled cheese sandwiches I have known have had at least one burned side. The thing is that although it is a ly easy thing to make, I can also easily lose focus, and before long the sandwich is burned. For my mother, the first side was usually perfect and the second side got burned due to her being distracted. For me,I have tended to burn the first side,but then I more carefully monitor the second side.Either way,the grilled cheese sandwich suffers because it has not been given the attention it deservesSo, I have learned that even the simplest task deserves my full attention. When I am multi-tasking, I am doing none of the tasks well. And when I allow myself to be distracted, I am not in the present moment — not paying attention to the small details of living or enjoying the processSo now, I believe the best way to make a perfect grilled cheese sandwich is to make only one at a time and give it my full attention.12. How did the writer react to the sandwich with burned side?A. She ate it with some complaintsB. She showed no interest.C. She thought it was still perfectD. She was deeply impressed with it13. What doesThe Grilled Cheese Principlemean?A. Even simple things deserve full attentionB. Losing focus makes the sandwich burnedC. Self-made sandwiches are always burnedD. we should make only one sandwich at a time14. Which of the following can we infer from the passage?A. Everything cannot be done well without full attentionB. Moms always like to lie to kids when they have done something wrongC. We can lose focus more easily when we do easy things.D. Multi-tasking can be an obstacle to the achievement of tasks.15. What does the writer mainly want to tell us?A. Nothing is perfectB. Learn to appreciate the burned sandwichesC. Devote yourself to one thing at a time.D. Never do multi-tasks第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
2020届上海市徐汇区高三二模英语试题(含解析)
2020届上海市徐汇区高三二模英语试题（满分140分，考试时间120分钟）2020.5I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. To answer the door. B. To fix the doorbell.C. To get a job.D. To ask for instructions.2. A. At the airport. B. In a restaurant.C. In a booking office.D. At the hotel reception.3. A. She has lost a lot of weight. B. She lost some money last year.C. She spent a lot on cosmetic surgery.D. She is having health problems.4. A. Taking photographs. B. Downloading images.C. Fixing cameras.D. Painting pictures.5. A. The woman is going to hold a party tomorrow.B. The man asks the woman not to attend the party.C. The woman doesn’t know how to get to the party.D. The man offers to drive the woman to the party.6. A. Tokyo is a city with a short history.B. He can provide little useful information.C. He can show the woman around the city.D. He has lived in Tokyo for a long time.7. A. She will meet the man in his office.B. She has an appointment with the man.C. She had a traffic accident that morning.D. She can’t finish making the jam before 9.8. A. Play some music. B. Remove the power plug.C. Repair the sound box.D. Start the car engine.9. A. She can’t stand the hot weather. B. The beach resort is a better choice.C. She enjoys visiting the art museums.D. The man should develop a taste for art.10. A. He is satisfied with his new job. B. He wants his workload to be shared.C. He doesn’t like his new office.D. He gets pressure from his new position.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and youwill be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the bestanswer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. A promotion of outdoor clothes. B. An introduction of West Virginia.C. A weekend vacation to a famous resort.D. A free trip to an unknown destination.12. A. Regretful. B.Frustrating. C. Worthwhile. D. Comfortable.13. A. Mystery trips. B. Outdoor adventures. C. Social media. D. Travel destinations.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. Goods are scarce and hard to get for ordinary consumers.B. People aim for social distinction through what they own.C. Manufacturers make more money by mass production.D. Growth of consumerism is restricted by artificial products.15. A. To cut down on labour costs by reducing working hours.B. To make customers feel they own something rare.C. To increase their coffee price without losing customers.D. To focus more on quality and customer satisfaction.16. A. Consumer awareness. B. Social distinction.C. Artificial scarcity.D. Mass production.Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.17. A. In the gym. B. At a bookstore. C. At the library. D. In the classroom.18. A. Wait for a month. B. Keep the receipt.C. Mark on the book.D. Accept a discount.19. A. The man doesn’t need the book now.B. He’s afraid he might damage the book.C. The book costs too much for him.D. He prefers the edition with footnotes.20. A. Bargain with the woman. B. Go to another bookstore.C. Wrap his book.D. Surf the Internet.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form ofthe given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Discovering a Lost BrotherKieron Graham always knew he had an elder brother named Vincent. His adoption papers, (21)_______ (sign) when he was three months old, listed a brother named Vincent but no last name. Though Kieron spent years thinking about Vincent, he could never track him down.test as a That changed in December 2017, when Kieron’s adoptive parents gave him an DNA Christmas gift. When his results came back, he was surprised (22) _______ (find) he had a lot ofDNA matches for relatives who had also taken the test. Most were distant connections, but oneHis name w as Vincent Ghant. match was so strong that it (23) _______ (label) “close family.” Kieron looked for him on Facebook and soon made a possible connection.When they connected, it was (24) _______ _______ they had known each other their wholelives. As they talked, the brothers realized they lived about 20 minutes from each other. (25)_______(surprisingly), they attended the same university and majored and minored in the samesubjects.Vincent was nine when Kieron was born and remembers caring for his baby brother. But timeswere tough, and Shawn, who worked 15-plus hours a day as a nurse, decided that (26)_______(place) Kieron for adoption would give him the best chance to succeed.“She was very emotional about that time, to the point (27) _______ it was hard for her to putinto words anything about what happened,” Vi ncent says. Now the brothers had the chance to make up for lost time. They decided to meet at a local tea shop that week. One of Vincent ’s concerns was that Kieron (28) _______ hate his birth family for placing him for adoption. He was relieved Kieron didn ’t, and (29) _______ he ’d grown up in aloving family. After that first meeting, the brothers played football together and celebrated Christmaswith their families.“We ’ll keep growing our relationship (30) _______ it ’s time to leave this says Vincent. That shouldn ’t be hard. As Kieron says, “We ’ve got years and years to catch up on.Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only beused once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Why Humpback Whales (座头鲸) Protect Other Species from Killer WhalesRobert Pitman, a marine ecologist, describes an encounter he witnessed in Antarctica in 2009.A group of killer whales were attacking a Weddell seal. The seal swam31 toward a pair of humpbacks that had inserted themselves into the action. One of the humpbacks rolled over on its back, and the seal was32 onto its chest, between the whale ’s massive flippers (鳍). “That incident 33 me,” he says. “Those humpbacks were doing something we couldn’t explain.” Pitman started asking other researchers and whale watchers to send him similar 34 . Soonhe was reading through observations of 115 encounters between humpbacks and killer whales,recorded over 62 years. “There are some pretty astonishing videos of humpbacks35 killer whales,” he says.In a 2016 article in Marine Mammal Science , a famous scientific journal, Pitman and hisco-authors describe this behaviour and confirm that such acts of do-gooding are widespread. Butknowing that something is happening and understanding why it’s happening are two different things. Pitman and his co-authors openly reflected on the meaning of theseencounters. “Why,” they wrote, “would humpbacks36 interfere with attacking killer whales, spending time and energy on a potentially37 activity, especially when the killer whales … were attacking other species ofprey?”Interestingly, humpbacks don ’t just hit on killer -whale attacks. They race toward them likefirefighters into burning buildings. And like those rescue workers, humpbacks don ’t know who is in danger until they get there. That ’s because the sound that 38 them to an attack isn ’t the sad A. motiveB. deliberatelyC. convincedD. injuriousE. alertsF. desperatelyG. swept H. accounts I. unconscious J. preserving K. chargingvoice of the victim. It’s the excited calls of the killer whales. Pitman believes humpbacks have onesimple instruction: “When you hear killer whales attacking, go break it up.”I wonder what humpback whales care deeply enough about to actively swim into battle withkiller whales. When I ask Pitman, he tells me that, it still comes down to selfishly 39 their ownkind. He believes that their occasional rescues of humpback calves (后代) create a strong enough40 for them to rush in to help, even if it means they end up saving sunfish, sea lions, dolphinsevery now and then.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, Cand D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.The true purpose of a business, Peter Drucker said, is to create and keep customers. “has several definitions. I use the 41 to mean the total lifetime value of a company’svalue” customer base. Companies can increase this value by 42 more customers, earning morebusiness from existing ones, keeping them longer, making their experience simpler through digitalimprovements and so on. 43 leaders have long understood the importance of concentrating oncustomer value rather than pursuing short-term profits or quarterly earnings, and they’vebecome-leadingenduring customer loyalty leaders in the process. It’s worth noting that a number of loyaltycompanies are able to 44 shareholder pressure, or avoid it altogether, because they arefounder-led, customer-owned, or not publicly traded.Companies can 45 customer value in a variety of ways: To increase 46 , enterprisesoftware companies sometimes charge corporate customers change fees that can raise the total costof ownership to as much as three times the original price. To reduce operating costs, restaurantchains sometimes 47 frozen and precooked ingredients in place of fresh and made-to-orderfood. The resulting profits may look good on the income statement. Such strategies may even lead toshort-term earnings growth. But they also 48 potential customers and encourage disloyalty.Given the importance of customer value, leaders should track it as much as they track other keyassets (资产), such as buildings, machinery, and marketable securities. They also should reveal it intheir quarterly and annual earnings releases so that investors can make 49 judgments aboutcompany performance and how it compares with that of industry peers. But most companies 50believe that measuring customer value is too difficult or costly. They continue to rely on acenturies-old accounting tradition that emphasizes physical and financial assets, and neither incomestatements nor balance sheets offer much 51 into the value of a company’s customers.As investors wake up to the importance of customer value, however, many growth-stage52 in growing the value of their customer base.companies now direct investors’ attention toSome public companies increasingly report various types of customer value metrics (指标). One ofthe UK’s top energy suppliers E.ON, 53 , reports year-over-year customer counts in its financialE.ON noted, “we see customer value as crucial to ourreport. “As a customer-focused company,” success.” This is a start, but because there are no customer-value reporting standards or requirements,investors still have a(n) 54 picture. The minority of companies that do provide customer valueinformation decide for themselves what to disclose. 55 , firms may calculate customer metricsdifferently or change them to tell a desired story, or simply stop reporting them if they fail to go withthe company’s preferred narrative.41. A. item B. version C. term D. definition42. A. persuading B. consulting C. acquiring D. inspecting43. A. Considerate B. Visionary C. Determined D. Powerful44. A. resist B. relieve C. intensify D. maintain45. A. raise B. adopt C. calculate D. destroy46. A. income B. experience C. productivity D. demand47. A. separate B. substitute C. forbid D. combine48. A. appeal to B. rely on C. put down D. scare off49. A. informed B. subjective C. definitive D. independent50. A. fully B. hardly C. readily D. wrongly51. A. suspicion B. extension C. literacy D. visibility52. A. sacrifice B. success C. prejudice D. expense53. A. as a result B. for example C. on the contrary D. in general54. A. incomplete B. depressing C. convincing D. vivid55. A. Instead B. Further C. Otherwise D. ThereforeSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions orunfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose theone that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)Aristotle thought the face was a window onto a person’s mind. Cicero agreed. Two thousand years passed, and facial expressions are still commonly thought to be a universally valid way tofeelings, irrespective of age, sex and culture. A raised eyebrow suggestsjudge other people’sconfusion. A smile indicates happiness.Or do they? An analysis of hundreds of research papers that examined the relationship betweenfacial expressions and underlying emotions has uncovered a surprising conclusion: there is no goodscientific evidence to suggest that there are such things as recognizable facial expressions for basicemotions which are universal across cultures. Just because a person is not smiling, the researchersfound, does not mean that person is unhappy.This may raise questions about the efforts of information-technology companies to developartificial-intelligence algorithms(算法) which can recognize facial expressions and work out aperson’si s able tounderlying emotional state. Microsoft, for example, claims its “Emotion A PI” detect what people are feeling by examining video footage of them. Another of the study’s however, expressed scepticism. Aleix Martinez, a computer engineer at Ohio State University, saidthat companies attempting to obtain emotions from images of faces have failed to understand theimportance of context.For a start, facial expression is but one of a number of non-verbal ways，such as body posture,that people use to communicate with each other. Machine recognition of emotion needs to takeaccount of these as well. But context can reach further than that. Dr Martinez mentioned anexperiment in which participants were shown a close-up picture of a man’s face, which was brightred with his mouth open in a scream. Based on this alone, most participants said the man wasextremely angry. Then the whole picture was shown. It was a football player with his armsoutstretched, celebrating a goal. His angry-looking face was, in fact, a show of pure joy.Given that people cannot guess each other’s emotional states most of the time, Dr Martinez seesnow claiming to be able to do thatno reason computers would be able to. “There are companies rightand apply this to places I find really scary and dangerous, for example, in hiring people,”“Some companies require you to present a video resume, which is analyzed by a machine-learningsystem. And depending on your facial expressions, they hire you or not, which I find reallyshocking.”56. We can learn from the second paragraph that __________.A. facial expressions are universal across culturesB. it is hard to recognize some facial expressionsC. emotions and facial expressions may not be relatedD. common facial expressions convey similar meanings57. In the passage, the word “scepticism” (paragraph 3) is closest in meaning to “__________”．A. similar interestB. fierce angerC. strong supportD. great doubt58. The experiment mentioned by Dr Martinez may prove that ___________.A. facial expression is an important way to communicateB. machine recognition of emotion is not reliable at allC. facial expression is not the only way to detect feelingsD. people may misread facial expressions for lack of context59. What does this passage mainly tell us?A. Facial expressions are among the most universal forms of body language.B. Computers can detect people’s mind by analyzing their facial expressions.C. Facial expressions may not be the reliable reflection of a person’s emotions.D. Companies can depend on machine recognition of emotion to hire people.(B)IMPROVE YOUR WRITING WRITING INSPIRA TION GET PUBLISHED RESOURCESFounded in 1887, The Writer aims to expand and support the work of professional writers witha straightforward presentation of industry information, writing instruction and professional andfind everythingpersonal motivation. If you’re passionate about books, authors, and writing, you’llyou need within our pages 12 times a year.Our editors are interested in query letters (投稿信) on concrete topics written by emerging andexperienced writers. We are looking for clear takeaway for our readers: What can they learn toimprove their writing or advance their careers? What specific how-to tips and strategies willaccomplish this?In addition to a fleshed-out outline of your story idea and an estimated word count, queriesshould include a brief description of your background. For personal essays, we prefer writers toattach or paste the finished piece in their query email. We do not accept material that has beenpreviously published in any form in print or online.Queries should be sent by e-mail to tweditorial@. All queries sent to any otheraddress will be deleted.Unfortunately, we receive hundreds of letters every week and cannot respond to all of them. Ifyou haven’t heard from us in two weeks, please feel free to move your submission (投稿) to anotherpublication. If you’re unfamiliar with our magazine, we recommend reading a few issues, subscribing, or at least signing up for our newsletter to get a feel for the kind of work we publish.Article lengths vary widely from 300 to 3,000 words.We recommend writers ask themselves the following questions before querying. It isn’tnecessary to include them in your query, but we find it’s a good way tohelp us understand how yourpiece best fits in our pages:?How specifically will this story idea help our readers become more informed writers??Why is this particular idea timely or relevant??Why are you the perfect person to write this piece?We prefer electronic queries. Please do not mail queries.Payment varies.Thank you for considering a submission to The Writer magazine, the voice of imagination,creation, and publication since 1887.60. According to the passage, The Writer magazine __________.A. provides practical suggestions on a writing careerB. responds to all the query letters from the readersC. introduces successful writers and their works onlyD. prefers handwritten queries to electronic ones61. When sending a query letter, a contributor must ________.A. answer the three questions firstB. attach a printed version of the storyC. subscribe to the magazineD. include a brief self-introduction62. What is this passage mainly about?A. Magazine recommendations.B. Submission guidelines.C. Published stories.D. Subscription information.(C)There has, in recent years, been an outpouring of information about the impact of buildings onthe natural environment. Information which explains and promotes green and sustainableconstruction design, strives to convince others of its efficacy(功效) and warns of the dangers ofignoring the issue. Seldom do these documents offer any advice to practitioners, such as thosedesigning mechanical and electrical systems for a building, on how to use this knowledge on apractical level.Although there are a good many advocates of “green” construction in the architectural industry, able to list enough reasons why buildings should be designed in a sustainable way, not to mentionplenty of architectural firms with experience in green design, this is not enough to make greenconstruction come into being. The driving force behind whether a building is constructed withminimal environmental impact lies with the owner of the building; that is, the person financing theproject. If the owner considers green design unimportant, or of secondary importance, then morethan likely, it will not be factored into the design.The commissioning (委任) process plays a key role in ensuring the owner gets the building hewants, in terms of design, costs and risk. At the predesign stage, the owner’s objectives andexpectations are discussed and documented. This gives a design team a solid foundation on whichthey can build their ideas. Owners who skip the commissioning process, or fail to take “gre into account when doing so, often come a cropper once their building is up and running. Materialsand equipment are installed as planned, and, at first glance, appear to fulfil their purpose adequately.However, in time, the owner realizes that operational and maintenance costs are higher thannecessary, and that the occupants are dissatisfied with the results. These factors in turn lead to higherownership costs as well as increased environmental impact.In some cases, an owner may be aware of the latest trends in sustainable building design.However, firms should not take it as read that the client already has an idea of how green he intendsthe structure to be. Indeed, this initial interaction between owner and firm is the ideal time for aobjectives, thusdesigner to outline and promote the ways that green design can meet the client’sturning a project originally not destined for green design into a potential candidate.Typically, when considering whether or not to adopt a green approach, an owner will ask aboutadditional costs or return for investment. In a typical project, landscape architects, mechanical andelectrical engineers do not become involved until a much later stage. However, in green design, theymust be involved from the outset, since green design demands interaction between these disciplines.This increased cooperation clearly requires additional cost. However, there may be financialadvantage for the client in choosing a greener design. There are examples of green designs whichhave demonstrated lower costs for long-term operation, ownership and even construction.63. What is the main reason for the lack of green buildings being designed according to the passage?A. Few firms have enough experience in designing and constructing green buildings.B. Construction companies are unaware of the benefits of sustainable designs.C. Firms do not get to decide whether a building is to be constructed sustainably.D. Firms tend to convince clients that other factors are more important than sustainability.come a cropper” probably means ________.64. The phrase “A. experience misfortuneB. change one’s mindC. notice the benefitsD. make a start65. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?A. Most clients have a clear idea of whether they want a green building at the beginning.B. Green buildings are most likely to cost more money than conventional buildings.C. The commissioning process offers a good opportunity to bring up the subject of green design.D. Firms should avoid working with clients who reject green designs in their buildings.66. The writer’s main purpose is to ________.A. explain the importance of communication when a building is commissionedB. emphasize the importance of green building design in protecting the environmentC. explain to building owners why ignoring green issues is costly and dangerousD. inform professionals how they can influence clients to choose greener designsSection CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box.Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.A. The cultural breakthrough came in 2014 with a very specific podcast—Serial.B. But if you are a celebrity, podcasts can provide a new branch of business.C. And now, despite the growth in smartphones offering high-definition pictures, thepopularity of podcasts is booming.D. Now the boom in podcasting embraces a huge range of talent, from professionalbroadcasters to enthusiasts offering insights on anything and everything.E. Podcasts offer a chance to speak to a very precise selection of people.F. But where did this trend for making portable audio programmes begin?The Podcast (播客) BoomDo you prefer to watch TV or listen to the radio? There was a time when some people thoughtmoving pictures would spell the end of tuning in to the radio for entertainment and information. Butradio survived and boomed. (67) ____________________Perhaps the growth in podcasting is not surprising—it offers a digital audio file that can bedownloaded and stored for listening at any time. It can also be streamed from the internet and playednot just broadcasters, like the BBC, who are producingon a computer or MP3 player. And it’spodcasts: now commercial broadcasters, individuals and companies with no connection tobroadcasting are making them. In fact, anyone with something to say, and a few pounds to spend onthe equipment, can get involved.The digital audio files are cheap to produce and, thanks to the internet, easy to distribute. (68)____________________ Journalist Ben Hammersley told the BBC that “two changes transformed the market—one cultural and one technical.” A technical breakthrough came in 2012 when Appleproduced the iPhone podcast app, which proved a popular library system for listeners. This wasfollowed by a dramatic improvement in inexpensive recording production and editing equipment.Finally, the development of 4G mobile phone connections and widespread wi-fi meant listenerscould browse, download or stream shows whenever they wanted.(69) ____________________ It was a piece of investigative journalism hosted by Sarah Koenig,telling a non-fiction story over multiple episodes (集). To date, the first and second seasons of theshow have had more than 340 million downloads. Advertisers soon realized the money-makingpotential of this and other successful podcasts. And where the audience goes, the money follows.From 2017 to 2018 advertising spending on podcasts in the UK went from $10.6m(￡8.5m) to$19.7m, an 85% increase, according to Ovum.(70) ____________________ In fact, as Ben Hammersley explains, podcasting has broughtpeople into broadcasting who would normally never have seen the inside of a recording studio.“There are of course professional podcasters, but there are many more people who create qualitycontent and do it for nothing,” he says. “And that is changing not just the way we listen to audio but the way the broadcasting industry works.”IV．Summary Writing。
2020届上海市徐汇中学西校区高三英语二模试题及答案
2020届上海市徐汇中学西校区高三英语二模试题及答案第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项AIt's time to put your two-wheeler to good use on these fun bike paths — each varying in distance and difficulty. Just choose one fit for you.• Paulinskill Valley TrailCheck out Paulinskill Valley Trail, filled with forests, wetlands, and small townsalong this 25- mile route. While the trail is mostly flat, you can do a quick ride. You're likely to catch sight of beautiful birds, considering more than 100 species find a home in the land near the path. Check out the trail in the fall - prime time for pretty sights.•AlaHele MakalaeOn theislandofKaui, you'll find a bike path with lots of beachy views that'll leave you feeling accomplished yet calm. The name translates to “The Path that Goes By Coast,” and, as you might guess, the seven-mile path hugs the shoreline. Start early enough and you'll witness an incredible sunrise to make it even more amazing,• TheCheaha RouteThis ride covers up to 126 miles, with steep climbs and extreme downhills along the way. So prepare for a thrilling ride - one that’s not necessarily for the inexperienced or those looking for an easy, casual ride. Along the route, you'll pedal through five towns. The journey is worth it, though, because you get some of the most scenic views in the state.• The Whitefish TrailFamous for its countless route options, whether you’re a new biker looking for smooth tracks or you have more experience and want to play around on rocky, more technical land, this bike path brings in lots of visitors. The 43-mile route offers beautiful green scenery. Around every comer, you’ll see a new jaw-dropping landscape, from glassy lakes to green mountains.1. When is the best time to visit Paulinskill Valley Trail?A. In Autumn.B. All year round.C. On early mornings.D. On sunny days.2. Which route is not fit for someone new to cycling?A. The Whitefish Trail.B. Ala Hele Makalae.C. Paulinskill Valley Trail.D. TheCheaha Route.3. What's the common feature of the four routes?A. They are full of challenges.B. Various route options are offered.C. They have beautiful scenery.D. Different species can be found there.BYou've probably heard it suggested that you need to move more throughout the day, and as a general rule of thumb, that "more" is often defined as around 10,000 steps. With many Americans tracking their stepsvia new fitness-tracking wearables, or even just by carrying their phone, more and more people use the 10,000-step rule as their marker for healthy living. Dr. Dreg Hager, professor of computer science at Johns Hopkins, decided to take a closer look at that 10,000-step rule, and he found that usingitas a standard may be doing more harm than good for many.“It turns out that in 1960 in Japan they figured out that the average Japanese man, when he walked 10,000 steps a day burned something like 3,000 calories and that is what they thought the average person should consume so they picked 10,000 steps as a number” Hager said.According to Hager, asking everyone to shoot for 10,000 steps each day could be harmful to the elderly or those with medical conditions, making it unwise for them to jump into that level of exercise, even if it's walking. The bottom line is that 10,000 steps may be too many for some and too few for others. He also noted that those with shorter legs have an easier time hitting the 10,000-step goal because they have to take more steps than people with longer legs to cover the distance. It seems that 10,000 steps may be suitable for the latter.A more recent study focused on older women and how many steps can help maintain good health and promote longevity (长寿).The study included nearly 17,000 women with an average age of 72. Researchers found that women who took 4,400 steps per day were about 40% less likely to die during a follow-up period of just over four years: Interestingly, women in the study who walked more than 7,500 steps each day got no extra boost in longevity.4. What does the underlined word "it' in Paragraph 1 refer to?A. The phone recording.B. The 10,000-step rule.C. The healthy living.D. The fitness-tracking method.5. What does Paragraph 2 mainly talk about?A. How many steps a Japanese walks.B. How we calculate the number of steps.C. If burning 3,000 calories daily is scientific.D. Where 10,000 steps a day came from.6. Who will probably benefit from 10,000 steps each day according toHager?A. Senior citizens.B. Young short-legged people.C. Healthy long-legged peopleD. Weak individuals.7. How many steps may the researchers suggest senior citizens take each day?A. 4,400 steps.B. 10,000 steps.C. 2,700 steps.D. 7,500 steps.CVolunteer DayWhat better way is there to enjoy your own hobbies while helping others at the same time? Come to Volunteer Day and choose which activity you’d like to join for the day. See below for a schedule of events on Volunteer Day.Volunteer Day schedule:7:30am.: Meet at the Community (社区) Center for juice and bagels.8:00—8:30 a.m.: Choose which activity you’d like to help with for the day.8:30 a.m.: Board the bus to your activity site.9:00 a.m.—3:30 p.m.: Work as a volunteer.3:30 p.m.: Board the bus that will take you back to the Community Center.See below for a list of volunteer opportunities for Volunteer Day so you can begin thinking about which activity you might want to join.A list of volunteer activities:Paint houses: Do you enjoy making art? If so, this volunteer opportunity might be just right for you! Happy Homes is a local organization that provides home repairs for needy people in the form of painting. For elderly or physically disabled people who cannot do repairs to their homes, Happy Homes provides volunteer painters to repaint old homes; outside or in. Happy Homes also provides painters to create beautiful wall paintings inside schools or community centers.Plant flowers: Do you enjoy being outside in nature? City Parks Association has many great opportunities for people who love to be outdoors. Help plant flowers and bushes in city parks; help lay paths at Cave Springs Park, or help pick up rubbish around the river banks. These activities are very active, so remember to be prepared withplenty of drinking water!Read to children: Do you enjoy working with young children? Do you like books? Love and Learning is an organization that provides volunteers to help children with learning disabilities. Read books out loud to groups of children four to six years old, or read one-on-one with struggling readers seven to eight years old.Play with animals: Do you love animals? Lovely Friends is an organization that visits local animal shelters and provides volunteers to spend time with the animals while their cages are being cleaned. Play with puppies, snuggle with cats, or hand-feed rabbits.8. At what time do volunteers leave for their activity sites?A. 7:30 a.m..B. 8:00 a.m.C. 8:30 a.m.D. 9:00 a.m.9. An outdoor lover probably takes part in ______.A. Plant flowersB. Paint housesC. Read to childrenD. Play with animals10. What do Lovely Friends volunteers do?A. Read books to children.B. Spend time with animals.C. Help plant bushes in parks.D. Pick up garbage along the river.11. The purpose of the passage is to _________.A. educate childrenB. attract volunteersC. comfort the elderlyD. encourage the disabledDLearning to say “yes, and”When I first heard about the improvisation (即兴交流) class, I was hesitating. As a quiet and shy girl, I feared improvising in front of strangers. However,I knew I wanted to work as a science communicator after finishing my Ph.D., so it seemed like a perfect opportunity to learn how to speak and communicate with others effectively. I signed up, knowing the experience would give me help.During our first class, we learned an important concept of improvisation: “yes, and.” It means that, as improvisers, we’d better accept what fellow performers say. If someone says that rhinos (犀牛) are librarians, for example, then rhinos are librarians. We do not question the logic; we say “yes” and then continue with the scene as if nothing is wrong.The first few scenes were hard, but as weeks turned into months, I became more comfortable andevenstarted to enjoy our classes. I became better at listening, relating to my conversation partners, and communicating clearly in the moment. Once when I was giving a presentation about my science, an audience member surprised me with a question that didn’t grow out of the information I’d presented. Instead of getting confused and nervous, I took the “yes, and” approach—accepting the question and letting my mind focus on why it was asked. That helped me find an appropriate answer. I got pretty excited about it.The benefits of improvisation go beyond communication. Before attending the class, I would get stuck when my experiments produced unexpected data, thinking that I had made a mistake. But now, instead of getting discouraged, I will stay open to the possibility that the results are real, keep exploring the data and end up identifying a new type of cell—one that isn’t behaving as expected.I think all scientists can benefit from this lesson. If the data say rhinos are librarians, then it’s worth findingout whether rhinos are, in fact, librarians. As scientists, our job isn’t to challenge data that support a preconceived (先入为主的) story, but to say “yes, and.”12. Why did the author attend the improvisation class?A. To get a different experience.B. To finish her Ph.D. at university.C. To give up her job as a science communicator.D. To improve her speaking and communicating ability.13. What was the author’s change after attending the improvisation class?A. She formed her own idea quickly.B. She came up with lots of creative responses.C. She paid more attention to the logic of answers.D. She became a good listener before giving an opinion.14. The author mentions applying the “yes, and” approach to her scientific experiments to ______.A. explain the process of using the methodB. prove the benefits of the improvisation classC. share her own research experiences with readersD. attract fellow scientists to attend the improvisation class15. What can be inferred about scientists from the last paragraph?A. They should attend the improvisation class.B. They should question all preconceived ideas.C. They should carry on research by admitting earlier data.D. They should try to improve their professional knowledge.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
2020年上海市徐汇中学高三英语模拟试卷及参考答案
2020年上海市徐汇中学高三英语模拟试卷及参考答案第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项ADive with Big SharksOur shark dive adventures make use of hookah systems and shark cages. A hookah system is a system of providing air from the surface to divers down below. Cage divers breathe by using a regulator connected to an air hose.Is SharkDiving Dangerous?Yes. You could get sunburnt. You could hit your head on the top bunk getting out of bed. You could fall overboard. As for a shark attack,according to the International Shark Attack File,you are far more likely to be killed by a dog or a deer.Pricing & DetailsOne day Cage Diver Adventure S 875Our expert shark diver team will accompany you to the best viewing areas within the Marine Sanctuary.There,we'll drop our cage and prepare to provide you with a view you'll never forget.No dive experience is necessary.Our cages sit just below the surface.You'll be able to breathe comfortably from your snorkel or air hose while you move about the cage,taking photos and having fun.Top Shark Adventure S 375If you want to see great white sharks but prefer them a little further away,we offer great top-side shark viewing from our observation deck. Help scan the horizon for fins and watch for sharks attacking their prey（猎物）.Important NoteThere's No Shark GuaranteeAlthough we go to the best places at the best time of year, we cannot guarantee you'll see sharks. We've been very successful in past shark seasons and expect another incredible year. However, if we see nosharks, there is no refund.1.Which of the following isTRUEabout the two adventures?A.Top Shark Adventure makes use of hookah systems.B.Cage Diver Adventure offers you a view of the bottom of the sea.C.Cage Diver Adventure is less interesting than the other.D.Top Shark Adventure is suitable for those worried about danger.2.What is most likely to happen according to the advertisement?A.you fail to achieve your purpose of the trip.B.you are out of breath deep down in the sea.C.you are hurt by a shark while diving there,D.you suffer from lack of skill in shark diving.3.It can be inferred from the advertisement that shark diving is ________A.difficult but excitingB.challenging and tiringC.amazing and enjoyableD.expensive but popularBWe touch our faces all the time, and it had never seemed to be a big problem—until COVID-19 arrived. Touching our faces—the "T-zone" of our eyes, nose and mouth in particular—can mean giving ourselves the deadly virus.This is why organizations like the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) have suggested that we avoid touching our faces. "Just stop this simple behavior," William Sawyer, founder of Henry the Hand, a nonprofit organization that promotes hand hygiene (卫生), told The Washington Post. "It's the one behavior that would be better than any vaccine (疫苗) ever created."Yet, stopping this "simple" behavior might be harder than you think because it's already hardwired (固定存在于) into our system.Some face touchingis an automatic reflex (反射) —like when there is an itch (痒) on your nose, you'll scratch (挠) it without thinking. According to CNBC, a 2014 study found that touching your face also helps to reduce stress and regulate emotions. For example, you're more likely to do it when you feel awkward or embarrassed. According to Dacher Keltner, a psychologist at the University of California Berkeley, US, this action may also come with a social function: When you are talking to someone and want to change the subject, for example, touching your face is like "the curtains on a stage, closing up one act of the social drama, ushering (引导) in the next," Keltner told the BBC.Moreover, face-touching in almost all of these occasions is subconscious, which means it's very hard to change "because you don't even know you're doing it", said Sawyer. But you're not alone. In a 2015 study, wherea group of medical students were filmed in class, it was found that they touched their faces an average of 23 timesan hour—with 44 percent of the touches being in the "T-zones". That was particularly surprising since medical students were supposed to know better.Since it's so hard to shake the habit, maybe the easiest way is to wash our hands more often. This way, we can be sure that our hands are free from the novel coronavirus.4. What do the first two paragraphs talk about?A. The best way to fight COVID-19B. How organizations are fighting COVID-19.C. Typical hand hygiene problems in the fight against COVID-19.D. The necessity to avoid touching our faces to fight COVID-19.5. Why is it hard for people to stop touching their faces?A. It makes people feel more confident.B. Many are unaware of this behavior's risks.C. They usually do it automatically and subconsciouslyD. Many think the action helps them express their emotions.6. Which of the following is a social function of touching faces, according to the text?A. Using it as a sign to change the topicB. Bringing a conversation to an end.C. Showing an interest in the ongoing subject.D. Making others feel relaxed while talking.7. What is the author's purpose in mentioning a 2015 study on a group of medical students?A. To give tips on how to stop touching faces.B. To prove that it is common for people to touch their faces.C. To show it is impossible to shake the habit of touching your face.D. To show how hygiene awareness helps people avoid touching their faces.CA former UPS driver and his wife have made history by donating $20 million to Morgan State University – the largest gift any historically black college or university (HBCU) has ever received from a former student. The money, pledged by Calvin Tyler Jr and his wife Tina, will fund scholarships that were established under the Tylers’ name in 2002.Tyler grew up in a low-income family and was forced to drop out of Morgan State University in 1963 becausehe could no longer afford to study. The following year, Tyler saw a job advertisement in a Baltimore newspaper from United Parcel Service and got a job with the company as a driver. He rose through the ranks during his 34-year career at the global shipping company to become its senior vice president of US operations and a member of the board of directors before retiring in 1998.Tyler and his wife, also a Baltimore native, have lived all across the country but he said they have never forgotten their humble beginnings.Their latest pledge follows a $5million commitment they made in 2016 for the fund, which to date has supported 222 students with full or partial scholarships.Marybeth Gasman, a professor at Rutgers University who studies HBCUs, said the gift is significant because public HBCU’s like Morgan State University tend to have a lower alumni giving rate compared to private ones.“For a long time, they weren’t asking alumni to give,” she said. But that has changed in the past couple of decades, she added, and the schools have “started asking alumni to give and creating a culture of philanthropy (慈善) on campus.”David K. Wilson, the president of Morgan State University, said the money will help students for years to come. “Morgan is so proud to call this son and daughter of the great city of Baltimore our own,” he said in a statement. “Through their historic giving, the doors of higher education will most certainly be kept open for generations of aspiring leaders whose financial shortfalls may have kept them from realizing their academic dreams.”“We are forever indebted to the Tylers”.8. Why is Tyler’s donation historic?A. He was a former UPS driver.B. The donation is large enough.C. The donation will fund his scholarships.D. He used to be a student at the university.9. What is a driving force of Tyler’s donation?A. His working experiences.B. His career achievements.C. His promise to the university.D. His past embarrassing situations.10. Which is true about HBCUs according to Gasman?A. They are mainly public universities.B. They are encouraging alumni to donate.C. They rarely accept help from the alumni.D. They have changed little over the decades.11. What can be inferred about Tyler from Wilson’s comments?A. He’s helped many city leaders.B. He’s grateful to his university.C. He’s made great contributions.D. He’s proud of his son and daughter.DA year ago I received a full scholarship to attend the University of San Francisco. All of my hard work paid off. My mom had spent a lot on my attending a private high school, so I made sure to push myself: I volunteered, took part in various clubs, and graduated with honors. I was so excited to start a new part of my life.Soon enough, the big day came, but it wasn't like what I had thought. The first two weeks were the most difficult days of my entire life. Every night I would cry myself to sleep. I was missing my family, my home and everything in my hometown so much and I didn’t know how to deal with my broken heart.To distract myself, I threw myself into my studies. I also found a ton of jobs. In any free time, I started forcing myself to go to the gym. I wanted to keep every part of my day busy so I wouldn’t think about how lonely I felt. Soon after, I began to control my eating, considering it another solution to my homesickness. But soon there was something wrong with me.Finally, I went to see a doctor. When the doctor told me I had no choice but to take time away from school, I started to fear. How could I stop? School was what I was best at. “I’m not so bad,” I thought in my head. But the result was that I was taken to hospital again a month later and my mother camewoefully. I had to take a semester off from school, and go to the treatment center near my home.If there are girls who are suffering similarly, I hope you know that there is hope and that you should have a positive attitude towards life. Though you may feel alone, there are so many people who can understand your struggle. That’s why I want to share my story.12. Why did the author push herself during high school?A. She wanted to attend the University of San Francisco.B. It cost too much to study in a private school.C. Her parents controlled much of her life.D. Her family put her under pressure,13. What can we know about the author in the first two weeks?A. She couldn't fall asleep because of pressure.B. She couldn't pay attention to her study.C. She couldn't deal with her homesickness.D. She couldn't catch up with others.14. What does the underlined word “woefully” in paragraph 4 mean?A. Sadly.B. Surprisingly.C. Curiously.D. Happily.15. What is the author's purpose in writing this text?A. To look back on her past life.B. To increase her own confidence.C. To express appreciation to her mother.D. To encourage other girls like her to be positive.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
2020年上海市徐汇区教师进修学院附属实验中学高三英语二模试卷及答案
2020年上海市徐汇区教师进修学院附属实验中学高三英语二模试卷及答案第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项AIt’s a tempting habit for them to look at their smartphone rather than make eye contact with someone. There is so much to look at: photographs, social media feeds, messages and emails. No wonder they are glued to their screens. But is it good for them?There have been many claims about the damage looking at screens does to our eyesight. Some people feared staring at a small bright box could make us short-sighted. This is a particular concern for children and young people, who spend a higher percentage of time using electronic devices. BBC reporter, Rory Jones, says, “There is enough evidence that no matter how long teenagers are spending looking at screens, they come across information about issues such as anorexia and self-harm that could prove damaging to their mental health.”But a new study says time in front of computers and phones might not be as bad for young people as many think. Research by the Oxford Internet Institute examined data from more than 17,000 teenagers in theUK,Irelandand theUnited States. Their study concluded that most links between life satisfaction and social media use were tiny, accounting for less than 1% of a teenager’s wellbeing. Professor Przybylski, director of research, said, “99.75% of a person’s life satisfaction has nothing to do with their use of social media.” The research found that family, friends and school life all had a greater impact on wellbeing.So, does this mean young people can spend longer looking at social media? TheOxfordresearchers are confident about its findings and that any connection between screen time and mental health is very small. Dr. Max Davie, officer for health improvement at theRoyalCollege, calls the study a “small first step”, but he says there are other issues to explore, such as screen time’s interference(干预) with other important activities like sleep, exercise and time with family or friends. Perhaps for now, the “right” amount of screen time is only a matter of personal judgement.1. What is people’s common belief concerning screen time?A. Looking at screens does harm to young people.B. Screen time provides a chance for teenagers to learn.C. Most teenagers get near-sighted due to looking at screens.D. A small amount of time online does little harm to teenagers.2. What can we learn from the new study by the Oxford Internet Institute?A. Screen time has a great influence on people’s daily activities.B. The right amount of the screen time is related to its content.C. There is a close link between social media and self-satisfaction.D. Social bonds play a more significant role in people’s wellbeing than social media.3. Where is the passage most probably taken from?A. A science fiction.B. A science magazine.C. A research paper.D. An economics book.BWhen I was a boy, there was but one permanent ambition among my comrades in our village on the west bank of Mississippi River. That was, to be a steamboat man. We had temporary ambitions of other sorts, but they were only temporary.My father was a justice of the peace, and I supposed he possessed the power of life and death over all men and could hang anybody that offended him. This was distinction enough for me as a general thing；butthe desire to be a steamboat man kept intruding, nevertheless. One of our boys in town, who went away and was not heard of for-a long time, turned up as apprentice engineer on a steamboat. This thing shook the bottom out of all my Sunday—school teachings. That boy was notoriously worldly, and I was just the opposite. There was nothing generous about this fellow in his greatness. He would always manage to have a rusty nail to scrub while his boat stopped at our town, and he would sit on the inside guard and scrub it, where we could all see him. And wherever his boat was laid up he would come home and show off in the town in his blackest and greasiest clothes, so that nobody could help remembering that he was a steamboat man; and he used all sorts of steamboat technical terms in his talk, as if he were so used to them that he forgot common people could not understand them.This creature's career could produce but one result, and it was speedily followed. Boy after boy managed to get on the river. Despite many choices, pilot was the grandest position of all. The pilot, even in those days of trivial wages, had a princely salary—from 150—250 dollars a month, and no board payment.But our parents would not let us and our worry was the next year would find us hunting for jobs with low pay again. So by and by I ran away. I said I never would come home again till I was a pilot and could come in glory.4. Why does the writer mention his father's job in Paragraph 2?A. To show that his father was in power.B. To show that his father is cruel.C. To emphasize the job he prefers.D. To emphasize his love for his father.5. Which of the following can best conclude the writer's attitude toward the boy?A. He thought the boy was material but pitiful.B. He thought the boy was annoying but still envied him.C. He thought the boy was shallow but knowledgeable.D. He thought the boy was disrespectful but still liked him.6. Which of the following statements is Not True?A. The boy talked in a way to make others feel jealous.B. The boy's experience made other boys follow suit.C. The pilot's salary was ly high but without meals covered.D. The writer was ambitious to make his childhood dream come true.7. What rhetorical method does the underlined sentence have?A. Simile.B. Personification.C. Parallelism.D. Irony.CSix Neanderthals who lived in what is now France were eaten by their fellow Neanderthals some 100,000 years ago, according to fearful evidence of the cannibalistic (食人的) event discovered by scientists in a cave in the 1990s. Now, researchersmay have figured out why the Neanderthals, including two children, became victims of cannibalism: Global warming.While previous studies have examined Neanderthal remains to find proof of cannibalistic behavior, this is the first study to offer clues as to what may have led Neanderthals to become cannibals. Scientists found that rapid changes in local ecosystems as the planet warmed may have wiped out the animal species that Neanderthals ate, forcing them to look elsewhere to fill their stomachs.The researchers examined a layer of sediment (沉积物) in a cave known as Baume Moula-Guercy, in southeastern France. In that layer, charcoal (碳) and animal bones were so well-preserved that scientists could reconstruct an environmental picture representing 120,000 to 130,000 years ago. They discovered that the climate in the area was likely even warmer than it is today, and that the change from a cold, dry climate to a warmer one happened quickly. “Maybe within a few generations”, study co-author Emmanuel said. As the animals that once populated the landscape disappeared, some Neanderthals ate what they could find — their neighbors.Cannibalism is by no means unique to Neanderthals, and has been practiced by humans and their s “from the early Palaeolithic to theBronze Age and beyond,” the study authors reported. The behavior adopted by thestarving Neanderthals in the Baume Moula-Guercy should therefore not be viewed as “a mark of bestiality (兽性) or sub-humanity”, but as an emergency adaptation to a period of severe environmental stress, according to the study.8. What does the study mainly focus on?A. The social behavior of Neanderthals.B. The reason for cannibalism among Neanderthals.C. The climate change in southeasternFrance.D. The influence of global warming on ancient animals.9. What can possibly be used to describe the climate in southeasternFrance120,000 to 130,000 years ago?A. It was no warmer than it is today.B. It was first warm while later cold and dry.C. Its change was mild and went through quite a long process.D. Its change is a chief factor contributing to cannibalism.10. Which of the following might the study authors agree with?A. Neanderthals’ cannibalism showed their bestiality.B. Cannibalism was actually a measure the Neanderthals had to adopt to survive.C. Neanderthals’ cannibalism guaranteed their rule over other tribes.D. Only Neanderthals were found to have cannibalism in human history.11. Where can you most possibly find this passage?A. In a science journal.B. In a travel brochure.C. In a history book.D. In a geography book.DWhen you walk with a backpack, do you know how the things inside move from side to side? Now scientists havefigured out how to tap into that movement to produce electricity.Picture a pendulum (摆锤) fixed to a backpack frame and stabilized with springs on either side. The pack’s weight is attached to the pendulum, so the pendulum swings side to side as you walk.Then a machine is driven by that swinging movement, and spits out electrical current to charge a battery.Volunteers carried the pack while walking on a running machine and wore masks to measure the flow of O2and CO2. Walking with the slightly swinging 20-pound load, the device (设备) did not significantly affect the volunteers’ metabolic (新陈代谢的) rate compared to when they carried the same weight fixed in place. In fact,the energy-harvesting pack reduced the forces of acceleration they’d feel in a regular pack, which might mean greater comfort for a long hike. And the device did produce a steady trickle (涓流) of electricity. If you up the load to 45 pounds, the swing of the pack could fully charge a smart phone only after 12 hours. The details are in the journal Royal Society Open Science.The device produces electricity from human movement and has been identified as a workable solution to providing a renewable energy source for portable electronic devices. It is particularly useful for those who work in remote areas, as these people often carry a lot of weight in a backpack for their exploration.But here’s a realconundrum: the energy-harvesting device currently weighs five pounds. The researchers say that’s about four pounds too many to be a smart alternative to batteries. So they hope that more research lets them lighten the load, to ensure the pack charges you up without weighing you down.12. What does Paragraph 2 mainly talk about?A. How the device works.B. What the device looks like.C. Who the device is designed for.D. Why scientists designed the device.13. Which of the following describes the device?A. It greatly affected the volunteers metabolic rate.B. It harvested energy as the volunteers walk.C. It failed to produce steady electricity.D. It was useless for a long walk.14. What does the underlined word “conundrum” in the last paragraph mean?A. Problem.B. Method.C. Bond.D. Decision.15. What will the researchers try to do next?A. Increase the charging speed of their device.B. Find smarter alternatives to batteries.C. Reduce the weight of their device.D. Put their device on the market.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
2020年上海市徐汇中学高三英语第二次联考试卷及答案解析
2020年上海市徐汇中学高三英语第二次联考试卷及答案解析第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项ACome and enjoy Vivaldi's TheFour Seasonsperformed by live musicians!Tickets△Zone A Sating (Excellent Visibility, $75)△Zone B Seating (Great Visibility, $60)△Zone C Seating (Good Visibility, $45)△Zone D Seating (Restricted Visibility, 30)Zone A and Zone B audiences will get the chance to take pictures with the performers on the stage after the show.Highlights* A beautiful venue bathed in candlelight.*Classical music performance by the Angel Strings quartet*A safe and socially-distanced event, ensuring you are comfortable and at ease.General Info*Dates and times: Various dates, at 6:30 pm and 8:30 pm (select during purchase).*How long: 65 minutes. Doors open 45 minutes before the start time. We recommend you arrive at least 30 minutes before the start of the event, as late entry is not permitted.*Where: Events on Oxlade*Age requirement: Must be 8 years old or older to attend. Anyone under the age of 16 must be accompanied by an adult.*Please note: The 6:30 pm seating will take place during daylight hours outdoors, and the space will not be that dark. In the case of rain, the event will be moved to the indoor area of the venue.DescriptionWhether you're looking for a beautifully unique classical music performance or a romantic candlelit experience, this performance is for you. You don't need to know all things about Vivaldi to enjoy the evening; simply sit back and admire the wonderful atmosphere and the pieces you'll hear.Join our musicians for an evening under the stars, and prepare to be taken into the clouds with Vivaldi' s most treasured masterpieces!1.What can someone with a $45 ticket do?A.Perform on the stage.B.Enjoy good visibility.C.Select a seat in Zone B.D.Take photos with the musicians.2.What should potential audiences keep in mind?A.Arrive at the venue on time.B.Learn about Vivaldi in advance.C.The performance lasts 45 minutes.D.The event will be canceled if it rains.3.What do we know about the 8:30 p.m. performance?A.It welcomes children under the age of 8.B.Its performers differ on different dates.C.Its stage will be decorated with candles.D.It will be shown in the indoor area of the venue.BA new study has discovered that meditation (冥想) and oxygen sport together reduce depression. The Rutgers University study found that this mind and body combination, done twice a week for only two months,reduced the symptoms for a group of students by 40 percent.“We are excited by the findings because we saw such a meaningful improvement in both clinically depressed and non-depressed students,” said lead author Dr. Brandon Alderman. “It is the first time that both of these two behavioral ways have been looked at together for dealing with depression.”Researchers believe the two activities have an interactive effect on combatingdepression. Alderman and Dr. Tracey Shors discovered that a combination of mental and physical training (MAP) enabled students with major depressive disorder not to let problems or negative thoughts defeat them.Rutgers researchers say those who participated in the study began with 30 minutes of focused attention meditation followed by 30 minutes of oxygen sport. They were told that if their thoughts drifted to the past or the future they should refocus on their breathing, enabling those with depression to accept moment-to-moment changes in attention.Shors, who studies the productionof new brain cells in the hippocampus—part of the brain involved in memory and learning—says scientists have shown in animal models that oxygen sport exercise keeps a large number of certain cells alive.The idea for the human intervention (干预) came fromher laboratory studies, she says, with the main goal of helping individuals acquire new skills so that they can learn to recover from stressful life events.By learning to focus their attention and exercise, people who are fighting depression can acquire new learning skills that can help them process information and reduce the overwhelming recollection of memories from the past, Shors says.“We know these treatments can be practiced over a lifetime and that they will be effective in improving mental health.” said Alderman. “The good news is that this intervention can be practiced by anyone at any time and at no cost.”4. What made the research so different?A. Adopting a way of meaningful talk.B. Combining the two behavioral ways to treat depression.C. Treating depression with special medicine.D. Comparing the depressed with the non-depressed.5. The underlined word “combating” in Paragraph 3 can be replaced by ______.A. fightingB. identifyingC. distinguishingD. examining6. What did the participants do in the research?A. They did oxygen sport half an hour before thinking.B. They thought quietly and then took exercise.C. They took exercise longer than they thought.D. They took exercise while thinking quietly.7. What is Shors’ main purpose of her studies?A. To find out certain brain cells of humans.B. To study the production of new brain cells.C. To offer people a new method to treat stress.D. To decide the links between stress and exercise.CBorn in 1954, Oprah Winfrey is best known for her multi-award-winning talk show as the most influential woman in the world. It's no surprise that her recognition can bring overnight sales fortune that defeats most, if not all, marketing campaigns. The star features about 20 products each year on her "Favorite Things" show.There's even a term for it: the Oprah Effect.Her television career began unexpectedly. When she was 16 years old, she had the idea of being a journalist to tell other people's stories in a way that made a difference in their lives and the world. She was on television by the time she was 19 years old. And in 1986 she started her own television show with a continuous determination to succeed at first.TIME magazine wrote, "People would have doubted Oprah Winfrey's swift rise to host of the most popular talk show on TV. In a field dominated by white males, she is a black female of big size. As interviewers go, she is no match for Phil Donahue. What she lacks in journalistic toughness, she makes up for in plainspoken curiosity, rich humor and, above all understanding. Guests with sad stories to tell tend to bring out a tear in Oprah's eye. They, in turn, often find themselves exposing things they would not imagine telling anyone, much less a national TV audience.""I was nervous about the competition and then I became my own competition raising the bar every year, pushing, pushing, pushing myself as hard as I knew. It doesn't matter how far you might rise. At some point you are likely to fall if you' re constantly doing what we do, raising the bar. If you' re constantly pushing yourself higher, higher the law of averages, you will at some point fall. And when you do, I want you to know this, remember this: there is no such thing as failure. Failure is just life trying to move us in another direction" as Oprah addressed graduates at Harvard on May 30.8. What does the Oprah Effect refer to in the first paragraph?A. the influence on talk show hostsB. the power of Oprah's opinions.C. the effect on a business.D. the audience of Oprah's talk show.9. What can be inferred about Oprah's television career?A. She must have been challenged a lotB. She gained fame as planned.C. It lives up to her parents' expectation.D. She once gave up on her choice.10. What message did Oprah give to Harvard graduates?A. Success comes after failure.B. Pushing physical limits makes no senseC. Aiming higher hurtsD. Failure is part of life.11. Which of the following best describes Oprah Winfrey?A. Friendly.B. HumorousC. Determined.D. PatientDThere are three of us in the laboratory: Jules, me and Dr. Leonards. Leonards asks me to sit in front of Jules. As I do, he looks me in the eye and starts to move his face through a series of emotions-happy, confused, surprised, glaring. I'm attracted by his display, feeling delight when hegrinsand feeling serious when his eyes narrow angrily. None of this would be a surprise, of course, if Jules were a human. But he's a robot head on a table.The most special thing is that, consciously(有意识地), there's no mistaking Jules for a real person. Although he has surprisingly realistic skin, his eyes don't fit firmly against his lids, and he has a terrible hairpiece. Yet, as I walk into the room, I experience a complex worry of feeling in his direction. It's not at all like entering an empty space. It's a bit awkward for Jules’ shining false hair. Some unconscious part of me is responding to him as if he's real. This matters, because if we're to one day live comfortably along with robots , an understanding of how we instinctively(本能地) react to them is significant. The study of these issues is the frontier of a new scientific research; human-robot interaction.Jules was built as part of an attempt to understand the emotions that can be communicated by a human. “All the robots we'vebuilt so far don't have that rich emotions. We wanted to build a robotic face, with small motors that mimic(模仿) all the muscles you have, so we could discover what it could express. "Such research is becoming increasingly important, says Dr. Leonards, partly because our rapidly ageing population will soon need the help of robots with which they can effortlessly interact.12. What does the author think of Jules?A. He ignored him in his place.B. He didn't treat him as only a robot.C. He was afraid of his being there.D. He mistook him for a real person.13. What is the purpose to build such a robot?A. To help humans of old ages.B. To carry out a scientific research.C. To take the place of human labour.D. To make an interaction with human.14. What doesthe underlined word “grins” mean in Paragraph1?A. Smiles.B. Shakes.C. Worries.D. Cries.15. What may be the best title for the text?A. Human And RobotB. Success Of Making A RobotC. Robot Will Replace ManD. Difference Between Man And Robot第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
2020届上海市徐汇中学高三英语二模试卷及答案
2020届上海市徐汇中学高三英语二模试卷及答案第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项ANational Disability Insurance Scheme (方案)The National Disability Insurance Scheme (NDIS) will transform the way Queenslanders with disability are supported and change the way disability services are funded and delivered.Under the scheme, Queenslanders with disability will have choice and control over how they access support and who delivers them. They will also have certainty that they will be supported throughout their lifetime to achieve their personal goals.The NDIS will have an effect on the following programs.School Transport Assistance Program for Students with DisabilityThe NDIS will not disrupt existing services for qualified students. The Queensland Government will also continue to provide school transport assistance for students with disability who are not qualified to receive funding via the NDIS.For more information about the School Transport Assistance Program, and to check your qualification, visit the Education and Training website.Taxi Subsidy (补助金) SchemeThe Queensland Governmenthas lengthened the Taxi Subsidy Scheme (TSS) membership for NDIS qualified members to 31 October, 2022. This will allow more time to solve transport support arrangements under the Commonwealth’s NDIS.You can find more information about the TSS and your qualification on the TransLink website.Disability Parking Permit SchemeNo changes will be made to the Disability parking permit scheme when the NDIS is introduced inQueensland. Current arrangements for this scheme will be maintained.You can find more information on this scheme, and check your qualification, on the Queensland Government website.Public Transport Concessions for People with DisabilityThere will be no change to concessions on public transport for people with disability when the NDIS isintroduced inQueensland. TransLink will continue to ensure concessions are provided for disabled persons travelling on public transport inQueenslandwhen the NDIS is introduced.You can find more information about public transport discounts for people with disability, and check your qualification, on the TransLink website,1.Which program helps drive the disabled to and from school?A.Taxi Subsidy Scheme.B.Disability Parking Permit Scheme.C.Public Transport Concessions for People with Disability.D.School Transport Assistance Program for Students with Disability.2.What can we learn about Taxi Subsidy Scheme?A.The scheme is for parking permit.B.The existing membership can be effective for longer time.C.There is no change to current arrangements for the scheme.D.The NDIS will not break off existing services for qualified students.3.What do the four programs have in common?A.They are all related to transport.B.They are all largely affected by NDIS.C.They all can be checked on the same website.D.They all provide discounts for disabled persons.BAs artificial intelligence(AI) systems become more advanced, we can expect them to be used more often in the world of human medicine and healthcare. AI is designed to imitate(模仿）the human brain in decision making and learning, so with the computing power to learn tasks in days or even hours, it is possible to create medical AIs that rapidly outperform doctors in certain tasks.Data plays a hugely important role in helping AI systems learn about human medicine. AI systems are trained on large data sets gathered from real-life cases. Providing detailed patient information in quantities is a crucial factor for their success.One of the most important areas for influencing global health is in the field of epidemiology(流行病学）。
2020届上海市徐汇位育体校高三英语二模试卷及答案
2020届上海市徐汇位育体校高三英语二模试卷及答案第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项ASevenhugs HugOneDo you want to improve the quality of your sleep? Sevenhugs has created HugOne that tracks different sleep patterns to help families consistently rest better. There are dozens of devices and tools devoted to monitoring the sleep. But, HugOne is the world’s first family smart home sleep system, which integrates a calculation rule for sleep patterns of children and adults.HugOne is a well-designed product, full of a sense of science and technology. It connects to a number of smaller sensors called “minihugs”, which are placed on the edge of each bed. They monitor the sleep patterns and other data coming from the person sleeping in that bed. The data arethen sent to an app on the smartphone.● The benefits of HugOne include:* Having a smart alarm clock on the app as HugOne learns your sleep cycle and automatically sets and sounds to when the best moment in your sleep cycle is identified.* Monitoring temperature and humidity in your bedroom as well as indoor air quality for the main living space.* Linking with smart lamps and thermostats, allowing users to fall asleep with sunset light and preferred nighttime temperatures, and wake up to sunrise light and preferred daytime temperatures.* Ensuring safety from electronic transmissions when you sleep-when the minihug senses a presence in bed, it shuts off its electronic transmissions and starts recording sleep data and sending them to the app.● The following are selected from customers’ comments:I prefer HugOne, since it’s convenient to use. I simply place the minihug in the corner of my bed under the sheet and it goes to work monitoring my sleep cycle. It’s really good.—Robert Compton● HugOne available for purchase includes:I think HugOne is a humanized product. It’s shareable, and I’ve connected eight minihugs to the HugOne base in my house. All my family members think highly of it.—Chris HanawaltHugOne will provide maximum protection for your sleep. If you want to get more detailed information, please call the sellers at 1-800-576-1899 or .Style: Sleep Tracking System＋2 Sleep SensorsColour: Blue＋Rose1. How does HugOne effectively work?A. It controls sleep patterns automatically.B. It creates smart systems for a better sleep.C. It collects sleep data through the minihugs.D. It makes a calculation of the data sensors need.2. According to the passage, HugOne can ______.A. adjust temperature, humidity and air quality in bedroomsB. update the sleep cycles by aid of an alarm clock on the appC. record sleep data when there are electronic transmissions in bedD. help users fall asleep and wake up naturally with preferred temperatures3. The passage is made more believable by ______.A. providing statisticsB. drawing a comparisonC. giving a demonstrationD. using recommendationsBThe mass death of flying foxes in extreme heat in North Queensland last month underlines the importance ofUniversityofQueenslandwildliferesearch released today.The UQ research sheds light on how various species have responded to major climate events.A study led by UQ School of Earth and Environmental Science researcher Dr Sean Maxwell has spent more than 70 years quantifying the responses of various species.“The growing frequency and intensity of extreme weather events such as cyclones, droughts and floods is causing unpredictable and immediate changes to ecosystems and blocking existing management efforts,” Dr Maxwell said.“Some of the negative responses we found were quite concerning, including more than 100 cases of dramatic population declines and 31 cases of local population extinction following an extreme event.”"Populations of critically endangered bird species inHawaii, such as the palia, have been annihilated due to drought, leaving none of its kind, and populations of lizard species have been wiped out due to cyclones in theBahamas."Cyclones were the most common extreme event for birds, fish, plants and reptiles, while mammals and amphibians were most responsive to drought events, with drought leading to 12 cases of major population decline in mammals.Drought also led to 13 cases of breeding declines in bird populations and 12 cases of changes in the composition of invertebrate communities.UQ Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation Science director Professor James Watson said the detailed information would help inform ecosystem management.“The research clearly shows species will respond, often negatively, to extreme events,” Professor Watson said.“As climate change continues to ensure extreme climate and weather events are more and more common,we now need to act to ensure species have the best chance to survive.Wherever possible, high quality and intact habitat areas should be retained, as these are the places where species are most resilient(易恢复的) to increasing exposure to extreme events.”4. How was the UQ researchconducted?A. By observing extreme weather events.B. By protecting the endangered species.C. By recording reactions of animals to extreme climate.D. By analyzing the reason whymass animal death happened.5. What does the underlined word “annihilated” in paragraph 4 probably mean?A. destroyedB. defeatedC. decreasedD. disappeared6. Which of the following sentences is true about extreme weather events?A. Drought caused 13 cases of distinctionin bird populations.B. Drought caused 12 cases of population decline in mammals.C. Birds and mammals are most responsive to cyclones.D. Cyclones wiped out populations of lizard.7. What can we infer from Professor Watson’s words?A. Animals often show negative responses to extreme events.B. The existing management ways for wildlife protection are limited.C. Different methods should be adopted to ensure the survival of different species.D. Complete and undamaged habitats are of great importance to species’ survival.CThe measurable threat to the environment has been worsened by the spread of COVID-19 that increases the need for plastic protective equipment. Most plastic is made from fossil fuels. Millions of tons of greenhouse gas are released from the development of these resources and plastic production and burning.The end life of plastic is just worrisome. Less than 10% of the plastic produced has been recycled. Even more of it has been burned. But the vast majority of plastic has been buried inland, and it is increasingly polluting the environment. We hear mostly about ocean plastic and the harm done to sea creatures that mistake plastic bags and bits for food. But microplastic is even more worrisome. Plastic doesn't break down biologically but instead breaks down into tiny particles（a very small piece of something）, which have been found in every corner of the planet, on land and in the air, in drinking water and food sources.Yet the public has not given this global environmental disaster the attention it requires. Instead, they have viewed single-use plastic—which makes up about 40% of plastic used each year—as a litter issue that can be solved through better recycling and waste management. That attitude must change because the recent global breakdown of the market for recycling has made it clear that it has never been, nor ever will be, able to keep up with plastic trash use.California has been the forerunner of plastic waste reduction—it was the first state to ban single-use plastic bags and may be the first state to transform the way goods are packaged. The state also came close to passing an act which would have required that products sold in plastic packaging in the state have a proven recycling rate of 75% by 2032. California, though influential, can't solve this crisis alone. The US has long been producing a great amount of plastic trash and it should engage in reducing the use of plastic as well.8. Why does the author mention the release of greenhouse gas in paragraph 1?A. To show the harm of plasticB. To warn of the climate change.C. To call for the development of fossil fuels.D. To highlight the importance of plastic equipment.9. What's the author's attitude towards the public opinion on single-use plastic?A. Favorable.B. Tolerant.C. Curious.D. Opposed.10. What's California's role in reducing plastic waste?A. A pioneer.B. A failure.C. An objector.D. A predictor.11. What can be the best title for the text?A. Microplastic Products Are HarmfulB. Waste Recycling Is an Urgent MatterC. Plastic Waste Pollution Is a Wake-up CallD. Global Environmental Disasters Are IncreasingDOn March 18, 34-year-old Lance Karlson was walking on the beach and looking for somewhere toswim in Geographe Bay when he saw what he thought was a stingray (黄貂鱼) leap from the water.Realizing the creature was, in fact, an octopus (章鱼), he started filming it — just in time for the angry octopus to launch itself at him. He immediately felt a sharp pain across his left arm, followed by a second strike across his neck and upper back. His goggles (护目镜) fogged and the water around him turned dark with what he thought might have been octopus ink as he struggled back toward the shore."I was confused — it was more of a shock than a fright," said Karlson, "I might have hit on its home." Within a minute, a perfect imprint of an octopus tentacle (触手) appeared on Karlson's neck and back.A former volunteer lifeguard, Karlson rushed back to his hotelroom to find something acidic to put on the wound. All his family could grab was Coca-Cola, which his wife poured over his back and the pain disappeared."The pain went away and more than anything since then, it's been more the physical hit that was painful.... The imprint on my neck is more from the physical hit, and I guess it makes complete sense when you look at the video I took," he said.Karlson said he'd never seen an octopus that close before and watched Netflix documentary "My Octopus Teacher" after the incident to learn more about the species."They are beautiful creatures and I really hope this promotes more interest in octopuses as opposed to fear of them. I think this is a fascinating creature with clearly some very strong emotions just like we do as humans," he added.12. When did the octopus attack Karlson?A. When he was swimming in the bay.B. When he was shooting the octopus.C. When he was looking for some fish.D. When he was fighting against the octopus.13. What plays an essential role in reducing Karlson's pain?A. The lifeguard's timely help.B. Karson's wife's quick action.C. The family members' efforts.D. Karlson’s knowledge of first aid.14. What does Karlson learn from his experience?A. The octopus is dangerous.B. People should get away from the octopus.C. People need know more about the octopus.D. The physical hit from the octopus is painful.15. Which of the following might be the best title?A. Pain from Strong AttackB. First Aid for Octopus' StrikeC. Face to Face with Angry OctopusD. Under Sea with Dangerous Creature第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。