考研英语二真题：阅读Text3(新东方版)

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【新东方版】2021年考研英语二真题及参考答案

2021年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（二）Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.(10points)It's not difficult to set targets for staff.It is much harder,1,to understand their negative consequences.Most work-related behaviors have multiple components.2one and the others become distorted.Travel on a London bus and you'll3see how this works with drivers.Watch people get on and show their tickets.Are they carefully inspected?Never.Do people get on without paying? Of course!Are there inspectors to4that people have paid?Possibly,but very few.And people who run for the bus?They are5.How about jumping lights?Buses do so almost as frequently as cyclists.Why?Because the target is6.People complained that buses were late and infrequent. 7,the number of buses and bus lanes were increased,and drivers were8or punished according to the time they took.And drivers hit these targets.But they9hit cyclists.If the target was changed to10,you would have more inspectors and more sensitive pricing.If the criterion changed to safety,you would get more11drivers who obeyed traftic laws.But both these criteria would be at the expense of time.There is another12:people became immensely inventive in hitting targets.Have you13 that you can leave on a flight an hour late but still arrive on time?Tailwinds?Of course not! Airlines have simply changed the time a14is meant to take.A one-hour flight is now ballad as a two-hour flight.The15of the story is simple.Most jobs are multidimensional,with multiple criteria. Choose one criterion and you may well16others.Everything Can be done faster and made cheaper,but there is a17.Setting targets can and does have unforeseen negative consequences.This is not an argument against target-setting.But it is an argument for exploring consequences first.All good targets should have multiple criteria18critical factors such as time,money,quality and customer feedback.The trick is not only to19just one or even two dimensions of the objective,but also to understand how to help people better20the objective.1. A.therefore B.however C.again D.moreover2. A.Emphasize B.Identify C.Assess D.Explain3. A.nearly B.curiously C.eagerly D.quickly4. A.claim B.prove C.check D.recall5. A.threatened B.ignored C.mocked D.blamed6. A.punctuality B.hospitality petition D.innovation7. A.Yet B.So C.Besides D.Still8. A.hired B.trained C.rewarded D.grouped9. A.only B.rather C.Once D.Also10. fort B.revenue C.efficiency D.security11. A.friendly B.quiet C.cautious D.diligent12. A.purpose B.problem C.prejudice D.policy13. A.interesting B.revealed C.abmitted D.noticed14. A.break B.trip C.departure D.transfer15. A.moral B.background C.style D.form16. A.interpret B.criticize C.sacrifice D.tolerate17. A.task B.secret C.product D.cost18. A.leading to B.calling for C.relating to D.accounting for19. A.specify B.predict C.restore D.create20. A.modify B.review C.present D.achieve参考答案：1-5：BADCB6-10：ABCDB11-15：CBDBA16-20：CDCADSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts.Answer the questions after each text by choosing A,B,C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(40points)Text1Reskilling is something that sounds like a buzzword but is actually a requirement if we plan to have a future where a lot of would-be workers do not get left behind.We know we are moving into a period where the jobs in demand will change rapidly,as will the requirements of the jobs that remain.Research by the WEF detailed in the Harvard Business Review,finds that on average42per cent of the“core skill”within job roles will change by2022. That is a very short timeline,so we can only imagine what the changes will be further in the future.The question of who should pay for reskilling is a thorny one.For individual companies,the temptation is always to let go of workers whose skills are no longer demand and replace them with those whose skills are.That does not always happen.AT&T is often given as the gold standard of a company who decided to do a massive reskilling program rather than go with a fire-and-hirestrategy ultimately retraining18,000employees.Prepandemic,other companies including Amazon and Disney had also pledged to create their own plans.When the skills mismatch is in the broader economy though,the focus usually turns to government to handle.Efforts in Canada and elsewhere have been arguably languid at best,and have given us a situation where we frequently hear of employers begging for workers even at times and in regions where unemployment is high.With the pandemic,unemployment is very high indeed.In February,at3.5per cent and5.5 per cent respectively,unemployment rates in Canada and the United States were at generational lows and worker shortages were everywhere.As of May,those rates had spiked up to13.3per cent and13.7per cent,and although many worker shortages had disappeared,not all had done so. In the medical field,to take an obvious example,the pandemic meant that there were still clear shortages of doctors,nurses and other medical personnel.Of course,it is not like you can take an unemployed waiter and train him to be doctor in few weeks,no matter who pays for it.But even if you cannot close that gap,maybe you can close others,and doing so would be to the benefit of all concerned.That seems to be the case in Sweden, where the pandemic kick-started a retraining program where business as well as government had a role.Reskilling in this way would be challenging in a North American context.You can easily imagine a chorus of"you can’t do that"because teachers or nurses or whoever have special skills, and using any support staff who has been quickly trained is bound to end in disaster.Maybe.Or maybe it is something that can work well in Sweden,with its history of co-operation between business,labour and government,but not in North America where our history is very different. Then again,maybe it is akin to wartime,when extraordinary things take place,but it is business as usual after the fact.And yet,as in war the pandemic is teaching us that many things,including rapid reskilling,can be done if there is a will to do them.In any case,Swedens’work force is now more skilled,in more things,and more flexible than it was before.Of course,reskilling programs,whether for pandemic needs or the postpandemic world,are expensive and at a time when everyone’s budgets are lean this may not be the time to implement them.Then again,extending income support programs to get us through the next months is expensive,too,to say nothing of the cost of having a swath of long-term unemployed in the POST-COVID years Given that,perhaps we should think hard about whether the pandemic canjump-start us to a place where reskilling becomes much more than a buzzword.21.Research by the World Economic Forum suggestsA.an increase in full-time employmentB.an urgent demand for new job skillsC.a steady growth of job opportunitiesD.a controversy about the“core skills”22.AT&T is cited to showA.an alternative to the fire-and-hire strategyB.an immediate need for government supportC.the importance of staff appraisal standardsD.the characteristics of reskilling program23.Efforts to resolve the skills mismatch in CanadaA.have driven up labour costsB.have proved to be inconsistentC.have met with fierce oppositionD.have appeared to be insufficient24.We can learn from Paragraph3that there wasA.a call for policy adjustment.B.a change in hiring practices.C.a lack of medical workers.D.a sign of economic recovery.25.Scandinavian Airlines decided toA.Great job vacancies for the unemployed.B.Prepare their laid-off workers for other jobs.C.Retrain their cabin staff for better services.D.finance their staff's college education.Text2With the global population predicted to hit close to10billion by2050,and forecasts thatagricultural production in some regions will need to nearly double to keep pace,food security is increasingly making headlines.In the UK,it has become a big talking point recently too,for a rather particular reason:Brexit.Brexit is seen by some as an opportunity to reverse a recent trend towards the UK importing food.The country produces only about60per cent of the food it eats,down from almost three-quarters in the late1980s.A move back to self-sufficiency,the argument goes,would boost the farming industry,political sovereignty and even the nations health.Sounds great-but how feasible is this vision?According to a report on UK food production from the University of Leeds,UK,85percent of the country's total land area is associated with meat and dairy production.That supplies80 percent of what is consumed,so even covering the whole country in livestock farms wouldn’t allow us to cover all our meat and dairy needs.There are many caveats to those figures,but they are still grave.To become much more self-sufficient,the UK would need to drastically reduce its consumption of animal foods,and probably also farm more intensively meaning fewer green fields and more factory-style production.But switching to a mainly plant-based diet wouldn’t help.There is a good reason why the UK is dominated by animal husbandry:most of its terrain doesn’t have the right soil or climate to grow crops on commercial basis.Just25per cent of the country’s land is suitable for crop-growing,most of which is already occupied by arable fields.Even if we converted all the suitable land to fields of fruit and veg---which would involve taking out all the nature reserves and removing thousands of people from their homes—we would achieve only a30percent boost in crop production.Just23per cent of the fruit and vegetables consumed in the UK are currently home-grown,so even with the most extreme measures we could meet only30per cent of our fresh produce needs. That is before we look for the space to grow the grains,sugars,seeds and oils that provide us with the vast bulk of our current calorie intake.26.Some people argue that food self-sufficiency in the UK would____.[A]a be hindered by its population growth[B]contribute to the nations well-being[C]become a priority of the government[D]post a challenge to its farming industry27.The report by the University of Leeds showed that in the UK[A]farmland has been inefficiently utilised[B]factory style production needs reforming[C]most land is used for meat and dairy production[D]more green fields will be converted for farming28.Crop-growing in the UK is restricted due to____.[A]its farming technology[B]its dietary tradition[C]its natural conditions[D]its commercial interests29.It can be learned from the last paragraph that British people____.[A]rely largely on imports for fresh produce[B]enjoy a steady rise in fruit consumption[C]are seeking effective ways to cut calorie intakeD]are trying to grow new varieties of grains30.The author's attitude to food self-efficiency in the UK is____.[A]defensive[B]doubtful[C]tolerant[D]optimisticText3When Microsoft bought task management app Wunerlist and mobile calendar Sunrise in 2015,it picked up two newcomers that were attracting considerable buzz in Silicon Valley. Microsoft’s own Office dominates the market for“productivity”software,but the start-ups represented a new wave of technology designed from the ground up for the smartphone world.Both apps,however,were later scrapped,after Microsoft said it had used their best features in its own products.Their teams of engineers stayed on,making them two of the many “acqui-hires”that the biggest companies have used to feed their insatiable hunger for tech talent.To Microsoft’s critics,the fates of Wunderlist and Sunrise are examples of a remorseless drive by Big Tech to chew up any innovative companies that lie in their path.“They bought the seedlings and closed them down,”complained Paul Arnold,a partner at San Francisco-based Switch Ventures,putting paid to businesses that might one day turn into competitors.Microsoft declined to comment.Like other start-up investors,Mr Arnold’s own business often depends on sellingstart-ups to larger tech companies,though he admits to mixed feelings about the result:“I think these things are good for me,if I put my selfish hat on.But are they good for the American economy?I don’t know.”The US Federal Trade Commission says it wants to find the answer to that question.This week,it asked the five most valuable US tech companies for information about their many small acquisitions over the past decade.Although only a research project at this stage,the request has raised the prospect of regulators wading into early-stage tech markets that until now have been beyond their reach.Given their combined market value of more than$5.5tm,rifling through such small deals---many of them much less prominent than Wunderlist and Sunrise---might seem beside the point.Between them,the five companies(Apple,Microsoft,Google,Amazon and Facebook)have spent an average of only$3.4bn a year on sub-$1bn acquisitions over the past five years---a drop in the ocean compared with their massive financial reserves,and the more than$130bn of venture capital that was invested in the US last year.However,critics say that the big companies use such deals to buy their most threatening potential competitors before their businesses have a chance to gain momentum,in some cases as part of a“buy and kill”tactic to simply close them down.31.What is true about Wuderlist and Sunrise after their acquisitions?A.Their market values declined.B.Their tech features improved.C.Their engineers were retained.D.Their products were re-priced.32.Microsoft’s critics believe that the big tech companies tend to___A.ignore public optionsB.treat new tech talent unfairlyC.exaggerate their product qualityD.eliminate their potential competitors33.Paul Arnold is concerned that small acquisitions might___A.harm the national economyB.worsen market competitionC.discourage start-up investorsD.weaken big tech companies34.The US Federal Trade Commission intend to___A.examine small acquisitionsB.limit Big Tech’s expansionC.supervise start-ups operationsD.encourage research collaboration35.For the five biggest tech companies,their small acquisition have___A.brought little financial pressureB.raised few management challengesC.set an example for future dealsD.generate considerable profitsText4We're fairly good at judging people based on first impression,thin slices of experience ranging from a glimpse of a photo to five-minute interaction,and deliberation can be not only extraneous but intrusive.In one study of the ability she dubbed"thin slicing,"the late psychologist Nalini Ambady asked participants to watch silent10-second video clips of professors and to rate the instructor's overall effectiveness.Their ratings correlated strongly with students'end-of-semester ratings. Another set of participants had count backward from1,000by nines as they watched the clips,occupying their conscious working memory.Their ratings were just as accurate,demonstrating the intuitive nature of the social processing.Critically,another group was asked to spend a minute writing down reasons for their judgment,before giving the rating.Accuracy dropped dramatically.Ambady suspected that deliberation focused them on vivid but misleading cues,such as certain gestures or utterances,rather than letting the complex interplay of subtle signals form a holistic impression.She found similar interference when participants watched 15-second clips of pairs of people and judged whether they were strangers,friends,or dating partners.Other research shows we're better at detecting deception an sexual orientation from thin slices when we rely on intuition instead of reflection.“It's as if you'redriving a stick shift,”says Judith Hall,a psychologist at Northeastern University,“and if you start thinking about it too much,you can't remember what you're doing.But if you go on automatic pilot,you're fine.Much of our social life is like that.”Thinking too much can also harm our ability to form preferences.College students'ratings of strawberry jams and college course aligned better with experts' opinions when the students weren't asked to analyze their rationale.And people made car-buying decisions that were both objectively better and more personally satisfying when asked to focus on their feelings rather than on details,but only if the decision was complex-when they had a lot of information to process.Intuition's special powers are unleashed only in certain circumstances.In one study,participants completed a battery of eight tasks,including four that tapped reflective thinking(discerning rule comprehending vocabulary)and four that tapped intuition an creativity(generating new products or figures of speech).Then the rated the degree to which they had used intuition(“gut feelings,"＂hunches,""my heart"). Use of their gut hurt their performance on the first four tasks,as expected,and helped them on the rest.Sometimes the heart is smarter than the head.36.Nalini Ambaby's study deals withA.instructor student interactionB.the power of people's memoryC.the reliability of first impressionsD.People's ability to influence others37.In Ambaby’s study,rating accuracy dropped when participants.A.gave the rating in limited timeC.watched shorter video clipsB.focused on specific detailsD.discussed with on another38.Judith Hall mentions driving to mention that.A.memory can be selectiveB.reflection can be distractingC.social skills must be cultivatedD.deception is difficult to detect39.When you are making complex decisions,it is advisable to.A.follow your feelingsB.list your preferencesC.seek expert adviceD.collect enough data40.What can we learn from the last paragraph?A.Generating mew products takes time.B.Intuition may affect reflective tasks.C.V ocabulary comprehension needs creativity.D.Objective thinking may boost intuitiveness.Part BDirections:Read the following text and answer the questions by choosing the most suitable subheading from the list A-G for each of the numbered paragraphs(41-45).There are two extra subheadings which you do not need to use.Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(10points)A.Stay calmB.Stay humbleC.Don’t make judgmentsD.Be realistic about the risksE.Decide whether to waitF.Ask permission to disagreeG.Identify a shared goalHow to Disagree wit Someone More Powerful than YouYour boss proposes a new initiative you think won’t work.Your senior colleague outlines a project timeline you think is unrealistic.What do you say when you disagree with someone who has more power than you do?How do you decide whether it’s worth speaking up?And if you do, what exactly should you say?Here’s how to disagree with someone more powerful than you. 41.You may decide it’s best to hold off on voicing your opinion.Maybe you haven’t finished thinking the problem through,the whole discussion was a surprise to you,or you want to get a clearer sense of what the group thinks.If you think other people are going to disagree too,you might want to gather your army first.People can contribute experience or information to your think—all the things that would make the disagreement stronger or more valid.It’s also a good idea to delay the conversation if you’re in a meeting or other public space.Discussing the issue in private will make the powerful person feel less threatened.42.Before you share your thoughts,think about what the powerful person cares about—it may be“the credibility of their team on getting a project done on time,”says Grenny.You’re more likely to be heard if you can connect your disagreement to a“higher purpose”.When you do speak up,don’t assume the link will be clear.You’ll want to state it overtly,contextualizing your statements so that you’re seen not as a disagreeable underling but as a colleague who’s trying to advance a shared goal.The discussion will then become more like a chess game than a boxing match.43.This step may sound overly deferential,but it’s a smart way to give the powerful person psychological safety and control.You can say something like,“I know we seem to be moving toward a first-quarter commitment here.I have reasons to think that won’t work.I’d like to lay out my reasoning.Would that be OK?”This gives the person a choice,allowing them to verbally opt in.And,assuming they say yes,it will make you feel more confident about voicing your disagreement.44.You might feel your heart racing or your face turning red,but do whatever you can to remainneutral in both your words and actions.When your body language communicates reluctance or anxiety,it undercuts the message.It sends a mixed message,and your counterpart gets to choose what to read.Deep breaths can help,as can speaking more slowly and deliberately.When we feel panicky we tend to talk louder and faster.Simply slowing the pace and talking in an even tone helps the other person calm down and does the same for you.It also makes you seem confident, even if you aren’t.45.Emphasize that you’re offering your opinion,not gospel truth.It may be a well-informed, well-researched opinion,but it’s still an opinion,my talk tentatively and slightly understate your confidence.Instead of saying something like“If we set an end-of-quarter deadline,we’ll never make it,”say,“This is just my opinion,but I don’t see how we will make that deadline.”Having asserted your perfectly willing to talk-and may even be flattered to receive your attention.答案：EGFABSection III Translation46.Directions:Translate the following text into Chinese.Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET.(15points)We tend to think that friends and family members are our biggest source of connection，laughter and warmth.While that may well be true,researchers have also recently found that interacting with strangers actually brings a boost in mood and feelings of belonging that we didn’t expect.In one series of studies,researchers instructed Chicago-area commuters using public transportation to strike up a conversation with someone near them.On average,participants who followed this instruction felt better than those who had been told to stand or sit in silence.The researchers also argued that when we shy away from casual interactions with strangers,it is often due to a misplaced anxiety that they might not want to talk to us.Much of that time,however,this belief is false.As it turns out,many people are actually perfectly willing to talk and may even be flattered to receive your attention.参考译文：我们往往认为朋友和家人是我们关系、笑容和温暖的最大来源。

2021年考研英语二阅读理解text3

主题：2021年考研英语二阅读理解text3内容：1. 背景介绍考研英语二是每年考研报名人数最多的科目之一。

阅读理解部分占据了英语二试卷的很大比重，其中text3是其中一篇阅读理解文章。

本文将围绕2021年考研英语二阅读理解text3进行分析和解读。

2. 文章解读text3的主题围绕着社会现象和社会问题展开，文章内容可能涉及社会经济、文化传统、科技进步、人际关系等多个方面。

文章难度较大，会涉及一些较为专业的术语和概念。

考生在阅读时应该注意把握文章的中心思想和作者的观点立场，同时要理解文章中的论证和推理过程。

3. 阅读技巧考生在考研阅读理解中应该具备一定的阅读能力和理解能力。

在解读text3时，可以采取以下几种技巧：3.1. 快速预览全文，了解文章大意和段落结构。

3.2. 根据题目要求有针对性地阅读，关注关键词和句子，帮助理解文章。

3.3. 多做练习，提升阅读速度和理解能力。

3.4. 注意文章细节，尤其是数字、数据、人名地名等信息，有助于理解文章。

4. 解题技巧解题是考研阅读理解的一个关键环节。

针对text3的解题技巧，可以考虑以下建议：4.1.仔细分析题目，理解题干需求，明确答题要点。

4.2.通读全文，找出相关信息，梳理文章逻辑，切勿匆忙做出答案。

4.3.题与文对照，验证答案是否合乎逻辑和语境。

4.4.多做真题和模拟题，熟悉题型和解题思路。

5. 结语通过对2021年考研英语二阅读理解text3的解读和分析，可以帮助考生更好地应对考试，提升阅读理解能力和解题水平。

希望考生能够在备考中多加努力，取得理想的成绩。

以上是对2021年考研英语二阅读理解text3的解读和分析，希望能够对考生有所帮助。

祝愿考生们在备考中取得好成绩！6. 解题策略建议在考研英语二阅读理解中，解题策略十分关键。

针对text3，我们可以提出以下解题策略建议：6.1. 剖析选项在解题过程中，需要仔细研究每个选项，特别是那些相似选项之间的区别。

2023年考研英语二真题答案之阅读理解Text 3部分

2023年考研英语二真题答案之阅读理解Text 3部分Part ADirections:Read the following four texts.Answer the questions after each text by choosing A,B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points) Text 3The Internet may be changing merely what we remember, not our capacity to do so, suggests Columbia University psychology professor Betsy Sparrow. In 2011, Sparrow led a study in which participants were asked to record 40 factoids in a computer ("an ostrich's eye is bigger than its brain," for example). Half of the participants were told the information would be erased, while the other half were told it would be saved. Guess what? The latter group made no effort to recall the information when quizzed on it later, because they knew they could find it on their computers. In the same study, a group was asked to remember both the information and the folders it was stored in. They didn't remember the information, but they remembered how to find the folders. In other words, human memory is not deteriorating but "adapting to new communications technology," Sparrow says.In a very practical way, the Internet is becoming an external hard drive for our memories, a process known as "cognitive offloading." Traditionally, this role was fulfilled by data banks, libraries, and other humans. Your father may never remember birthdays because your mother does, for instance. Some worry that this is having a destructive effect on society but Sparrow sees an upside. Perhaps, she suggests, the trend will change our approach to learning from a focus on individual facts and memorization to an emphasis on more conceptual thinking - something that is not available on the Internet. "I personally have never seen all that much intellectual value in memorizing things," Sparrow says, adding that we haven't lost our ability to do it.Still other experts say it's too soon to understand how the Internet affects our brains. There is no experimental evidence showing that it interferes with our ability to focus, for instance, wrote psychologists Christopher Chabris and Daniel J. Simons. And surfing the web exercised the brain more than reading did among computer -savvy older adults in a 2008 study involving 24 participants at the Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior at the University of California, Los Angeles."There may be costs associated with our increased reliance on the Internet, but I'd have to imagine that overall the benefits are going to outweigh those costs," observes psychology professor Benjamin Storm. "It seems pretty clear that memory is changing, but is it changing for the better? At this point, we don't know."31. Sparrow's study shows that with the Internet, the human brain willA. analyze information in detailB. collect information efficientlyC. switch its focus of memoryD. extend its memory duration【答案】 C32.The process of "cognitive offloadingA. helps us identify false informationB. keeps our memory from failingC. enables us to classify trivial factsD. lessens our memory burdens【答案】 D33.Which of the following would Sparrow support about the Internet?A. It may reform our learning approachB. It may impact our society negativelyC. It may enhance our adaptability to technologyD. It may interfere with our conceptual thinking【答案】 A34. It is indicated in Para 3 that how the Internet affects our brains?A. requires further academic researchB. is most studies in older adultsC. is reflected in our reading speedD. depends on our web-surfing habits【答案】 A35.Neither Sparrow nor Storm would agree thatA. our reliance on the Internet will be costlyB. the Internet is weakening our memoryC. memory exercise is a must for our brainD. our ability to focus declines with age【答案】 B。

2022 考研英语阅读真题Text 3(英语二)

2022 Text 3（英语⼆）什么是⽹络暗⿊模式？We have all encountered them, in both our personal and professional lives.Think about the times you felt tricked or frustrated by a membership or subscription that had a seamless sign-up process but was later difﬁcult to cancel something that should be simple and transparent can be complicated, intentionally orunintentionally, in ways that impair .These are examples of dark patterns.First coined in 2010 by expert Harry Brignull, "dark patterns" is a catch-all term for practices that manipulate to in ﬂuence the decision-making ability of users.Brignull identiﬁes 12 types of common dark patterns, ranging from misdirection and to roach motel, where user experience seems easy and intuitive at the start, but turns difﬁcult when the user tries to get out.In a 2019 study of 53,000 product pages and 11,000 websites, researchers found that about one in 10 employs these design practices.Though widely prevalent, the concept of dark patterns is still not well understood.Business and nonproﬁt leaders should be aware of dark patterns and try to avoid the gray areas they engender.不论是在我们的个⼈⽣活还是在职业⽣涯中，我们都遇到过这种情况。

2019考研英语二阅读理解真题及答案解析text3

2019考研英语二阅读理解真题及答案解析text3美国劳动力缺乏，要么进口食品，要么进口劳动力。

小编为大家提供2019考研英语二阅读理解真题及答案解析text3，一起来看看吧！2019考研英语二阅读理解真题text3Text 3American farmers have been complaining of labor shortages for several years now. Given a multi-year decline in illegal immigration, and a similarly sustained pickup in the U.S. job market, the complaints are unlikely to stop without an overhaul of immigration rules for farm workers.Efforts to create a more straightforward agricultural-workers visa that would enable foreign workers to stay longer in the U.S. and change jobs within the industry have so far failed in Congress. If this doesn’t change, American businesses, communities and consumers will be the losers.Perhaps half of U.S. farm laborers are undocumented immigrants. As fewer such workers enter the U.S., the characteristics of the agricultural workforce are changing. Today’s farm laborers, while still predominantly born in Mexico, are more likely to be settled, rather than migrating, and more likely to be married than single. They are also aging. At the start of this century, about one-third of crop workers were over the age of 35. Now, more than half are. And crop picking is hard on older bodies.One oft-debated cure for this labor shortage remains as implausible as it has been all along: Native U.S. workers won’t be returning to the farm.In a study published in 2013, economist Michael Clemens analyzed 15 years of data on North Carolina’s farm-labormarket an d concluded, “There is virtually no supply of native manual farm laborers” in the state. This was true even in the depths of a severe recession.Mechanization is not the answer either—not yet at least. Production of corn, cotton, rice, soybeans and wheat have been largely mechanized, but many high-value, labor-intensive crops, such as strawberries, need labor. Even dairy farms, where robots currently do only a small share of milking, have a long way to go before they are automated.As a result, farms have grown increasingly reliant on temporary guest workers using the H-2A visa to fill the gaps in the agricultural workforce. Starting around 2012, requests for the visas rose sharply; from 2011 to 2016 the number of visas issued more than doubled.The H-2A visa has no numerical cap, unlike the H-2B visa for nonagricultural work, which is limited to 66,000 annually. Even so, employers frequently complain that they aren’t allotted all the workers they need. The process is cumbersome, expensive and unreliable. One survey found that bureaucratic delays led H-2A workers to arrive on the job an average of 22 days late. And the shortage is compounded by federal immigration raids, which remove some workers and drive others underground.Petitioning each year for laborers—and hoping the government provides enough, and that they arrive on time—is no way to run a business. In a 2012 survey by the California Farm Bureau, 71 percent of tree-fruit growers and nearly 80 percent of raisin and berry growers said they were short of labor. Some western growers have responded by movingoperations to Mexico. Without reliable access to a reliable workforce, more growers will be tempted to move south.According to a report by the Partnership for a New American Economy, Americans are consuming more fresh produce, which is good. But a rising share of it is grown elsewhere. In 1998-2000, 14.5 percent of the fruit Americans consumed was imported. Little more than a decade later, the share of imported fruit had increased to 25.8 percent. Rural U.S. communities that might have benefited didn’t.In effect, the U.S. can import food or it can import the workers who pick it. The U.S. needs a simpler, streamlined, multi-year visa for agricultural workers, accompanied by measures to guard against exploitation and a viable path to U.S. residency for workers who meet the requirements. Otherwise growers will continue to struggle with shortages and uncertainty, and the country as a whole will lose out.31.What problem should be addressed according to the first two paragraphs?A. discrimination against foreign workers in the U.S.B. biased laws in favor of some American businesses.C. flaws in US immigration rules for farm workers.D. decline of job opportunities in US agriculture.32. One trouble with US. Agriculture workforce is___A. the rising number of illegal immigrants.B. the high mobility of crop workers.C. the lack of experienced labors.D. the aging of immigrant farm workers.33. What is the much-argued solution to the labor shortage in US farming?A. To attract younger laborers to farm work.B. To get native US workers back to farming.C. To use more robots to grow high-value crops.D. To strengthen financial support for famers.34. Agriculture employers complain about the H-2A visa for its____?A. slow granting procedures.B. limit on duration of stay.C. tightened requirements.D. control of annual admissions.35. Which of the following could be the best title for this text?A. US Agriculture in Decline.B. Import Food or Labor?C. America Saved by Mexico?D. Manpower vs. Automation?2019考研英语二阅读理解答案解析text331. 答案 C. flaws in US immigration rules for farm workers.解析：本题目为细节题，考察具体细节。

2011 考研英语阅读真题Text 3(英语二)

2011 Text 3（英语⼆）少即是多We tend to think of the decades immediately following as a time of prosperity and growth, with soldiers returning home by the millions, going off to college on the G. I. Bill, and lining up at the marriage bureaus.But when it came to their houses, it was a time of and a belief that less could truly be more.During and the war, Americans had learned to live with less, and that restraint, in combination with the postwar conﬁdence in the future, made small,efﬁcient housing positively stylish.Economic condition was only a stimulus for the trend toward efﬁcient living.The phrase "less is more" was actually ﬁrst popularized by a German, the architect , who like other people associated with , a school of design, emigrated to the United States before World War II and took up posts at schools.These designers came to exert enormous in ﬂuence on the course of American architecture, but none more so than Mies.Mies's signature phrase means that less decoration, properly organized, has more impact than a lot.World War II 我们⼀般认为⼆战之后的⼏⼗年是繁荣和成⻓的时期，数以百万计的⼠兵返回家园，按照军⼈安置法案去上了⼤学，并登记结婚。

2021年英语二text3解析

2021年英语二text3解析示例文章篇一：《2021年英语二Text3解析》哎呀，说起这个2021年英语二Text3呀，可真是有好多话想说呢！我记得当时一看到这篇文章，就感觉像是进入了一个神秘的小世界。

这篇文章讲的内容可丰富啦。

就像打开了一个装满宝藏的盒子，每一个单词、每一个句子都是一颗小宝石，等着我去发现它们的秘密。

我先看到那些单词，有些认识，有些不认识。

那些认识的单词就像是我的老朋友，一看到它们就特别亲切，感觉它们在跟我招手说：“嘿，我们又见面啦！”可是那些不认识的单词呢，就像是突然冒出来的小怪兽，有点吓人。

不过我可不会被它们吓倒，我就会去查字典，就像勇士去打败小怪兽一样，把它们的意思弄清楚。

再看看文章里的句子。

有些句子可长啦，长得像一条长长的毛毛虫，弯弯曲曲的。

我得慢慢地、小心翼翼地把它分解开，就像把毛毛虫一节一节地分开看一样。

比如说有个句子里面有好多从句，我就先找到主句这个“毛毛虫的脑袋”，然后再去看那些从句的“小身子”。

而那些短句呢，就像一个个小豆子，蹦蹦跳跳的，很可爱，理解起来也特别快。

这篇文章的内容也很有趣呢。

它好像在给我们讲一个故事，但是又不是那种简单的故事。

里面有好多的观点和信息。

就好像是一场热闹的讨论会上，不同的人在发表自己的看法。

我感觉自己就像是在这个讨论会上的一个小听众，静静地听着大家的发言。

文章里可能会有一些描写人物的地方。

那些人物就像是舞台上的演员一样，每个人都有自己的特点。

我就想象着他们的样子，他们说话的语气。

如果是一个自信的人，他说话肯定是声音响亮，充满力量，就像一头威风凛凛的狮子。

如果是一个比较害羞的人，说话可能就会轻声细语的，像一只胆小的小兔子。

在阅读的过程中，我还会碰到一些问题。

有时候我读着读着就迷糊了，就像走进了一个大雾弥漫的森林，找不到方向。

这时候我就会重新再读一遍，就像在森林里重新找路一样。

我还会问我的同学，我会说：“嘿，你看这个地方，我怎么就弄不明白呢？”我的同学就会过来，他的眼睛就像小侦探一样，仔细地看着文章，然后给我解释。

2020年英语二阅读解析text3

2020年英语二阅读解析text3
在阅读理解中，文本阅读是非常重要的一部分。

本文将对2020年英语二阅读理解Text3进行解析，帮助大家更好地理解文本阅读的方法和技巧。

一、文本概述
Text3是一篇关于公司财务报告的文章。

文章主要介绍了公司的收入、利润、现金流等方面的情况，以及公司未来的发展规划。

文章结构清晰，逻辑性强，是文本阅读中的典型例子。

二、阅读技巧
1. 快速浏览全文，了解文章大意和结构。

在阅读之前，可以先看一下问题，了解问题类型，如细节理解、主旨大意等，从而在阅读时更有针对性。

2. 重点阅读段落，把握关键信息。

在本文中，需要重点关注收入、利润、现金流等关键信息点，以及公司未来的发展规划等。

3. 结合问题，筛选答案。

在回答问题时，要根据问题类型，在文章中找到相关答案，并进行筛选，不要盲目选择。

三、题目解析
1. 细节理解题：根据问题，找到相关段落，把握关键信息点，如数字、时间、地点等，从而得出正确答案。

2. 主旨大意题：本文主要介绍了公司的财务报告和未来的发展规划，因此可以得出本文的主旨大意是介绍公司财务状况和发展规划。

四、总结
通过以上解析，我们可以看到Text3的阅读方法和技巧。

在文本阅读中，要注重方法，把握关键信息点，结合问题，筛选答案。

只有这样，才能更好地理解文本内容，提高阅读理解能力。

总的来说，文本阅读需要注重方法，把握关键信息点，结合问题，认真思考，才能更好地完成阅读任务。

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考研英语二真题：阅读Text3（新东方版）Digital mediaOpinionThe Guardian view on digital giants: they farm us for the dataEditorialWe are neither the customers nor even the product of companies like Google, but we turn our lives into the knowledge that they sellAn astonishing project is under way to build a “digital time machine” that will show us in fine detail the lives of ordinary Venetians across a thousand years of history. It is made possible by the persistence of the republic’s bureaucracy, which, when Napoleon extinguished the Republic of Venice in 1797, left behind 80km of shelving full of records of births, deaths, trades, building, land ownership, private letters, ambassadors’reports and even medical information. All this is now to be digitised, cross-referenced, and analysed, and all its secrets laid bare to provide a picture in unprecedented richness and detail of the lives of individuals and the development of society over many centuries. Obviously, this is wonderful for historians and indeed anybody with an imagination alive today. One wonders, though, what the Venetians would have made of it, had they known their lives and letters would be so carefully anatomised after their deaths.Far more is known about us now, though, and in real time. The data in the Venetian archives was unmatched in medieval and even early modern Europe, but it is only legend and scraps of hearsay compared to the knowledge of us accumulated by the giants of the digital economy – Google, Facebook, and Amazon – who all in various ways use the data harvested from their users to make billions of dollars, fromadvertising or from direct selling, or from some combination of both. Their knowledge of our intimate lives doesn’t wait two centuries or more until we’re dead. They get it live, in real time. Sometimes they know our minds before we know them ourselves. It’s a situation quite unprecedented in history.The European commission may be about to levy the biggest fine in its history on Google for anti-competitive behaviour –potentially more than €1bn. This case, five years in the making, is the latest, and perhaps the largest, battle in the struggle to establish democratic control over the giants of the digital economy. In the US, the government has been captured by the corporations, and in China universal surveillance is openly converted to a means of government control. Only the EU attempts to balance these powers to the benefit of the ordinary citizen.The power and ambition of these companies is astonishing –Amazon has just announced the purchase of the upmarket grocery chain Whole Foods for $13.5bn, but two years ago Facebook paid even more than that to acquire the WhatsApp messaging service, which doesn’t have any physical product at all. What WhatsApp offered Facebook was an intricate and finely detailed tracery of its users’friendships and social lives. Facebook promised the European commission then that it would not link phone numbers to Facebook identities, but it broke the promise almost as soon as the deal went through. Even without knowing what was in the messages, the knowledge of who sent them and to whom was enormously revealing and still could be. What political journalist, what party whip, would not want to know the makeup of the WhatsApp groups in which Theresa May’s enemies are currently plotting? It may be that the value to Amazon of Whole Foods is not so much the 460 shops it owns, or the distribution network, but the records of which customers have purchased what.Competition law appears to be the only way to address these imbalances of power. But it is clumsy. For one thing, it is very slow compared to the pace of change within the digital economy. By the time a problem has been addressed and remedied it may have vanished in the marketplace, to be replaced by new abuses of power. But there is a deeper conceptual problem, too. Competition law as presently interpreted deals with financial disadvantage to consumers and this is not obvious when the users of these services don’t pay for them. The users of their services are not their customers. That would be the people who buy advertising from them –and Facebook and Google operate a virtual duopoly in digital advertising to the detriment of all other media and entertainment companies.The product they’re selling is data, and we, the users, convert our lives to data for the benefit of the digital giants. Just as some ants farm aphids for the honeydew that oozes from them when they feed, so Google farms us for the data that our digital lives exude. Ants keep predatory insects away from where their aphids feed; Gmail keeps the spammers out of our inboxes. It doesn’t feel like a human or democratic relationship, even if both sides benefit.This article was amended on 19 June 2017 to remove a reference to Apple which was not apt./commentisfree/2017/jun/18/the-guardian-view-on-digital-giants-they-farm-us-for-the-data。