动词不定式用法讲解
动词不定式用法归纳

动词不定式用法归纳动词不定式没有人称和数的变化,在句中不能独立作谓语。
但动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词特征,在句中可以作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、表语和状语等多种成分。
另外,动词不定式具有动词特点,可以有自己的宾语和状语,组成动词不定式短语。
动词不定式的肯定形式是to+do;其否定形式是not to+do。
下面以动词不定式在句中的作用来予以详细说明。
1. 作主语可以直接作主语。
如:To see is to believe.但在英语中,常用it作形式主语,真正的主语即动词不定式放在后面。
如:It's wrong to play tricks on other people.It's our duty to keep our environment clean and tidy.规律:动词不定式在句中作主语时,常放在It is +adj.(形容词)+to do sth.或It is +n.(名词)+to do sth.it仅作形式主语。
2. 作宾语want,decide ,agree等动词后面跟并且只能跟不定式。
如:We agreed to start early.She wants to be a doctor.而love,like ,begin,start,hate ,prefer等词后面可以接不定式,还可以接动名词,意思无很大区别。
提示:like doing指经常性动作,而like to do指一次性的动作。
如:I like swimming,but I don't like to swim now.我喜欢游泳,但我现在不想游。
特别注意: stop,forget,remember,go on ,try等词或短语后面可以接不定式。
但后面接不定式和接动名词意思大不相同。
如: 1)stop to do sth.停止一件事,去做另一件事。
Stop doing sth.停止正在做的事。
动词不定式的用法讲解

动词不定式的用法讲解通过这篇文章你可以学习动词不定式由to+动词原形构成不定式作补语不定式作主语不定式作表语等内容。
动词不定式由to+动词原形构成。
这里的to是不定式标志,没有词义。
不定式具有名词、形容词或副词的某些语法功能,又有动词的时态和语态的特点及作用。
常见的形式如表所示(以及物动词do为例),不及物动词没有被动语态。
时态\\语态主动被动一般式to do to be done进行式to be doing /完成式to have done to have been done完成进行式to have been doing /7.1 有些动词可以用不定式作宾语,大致上有三种情况。
1) 有些及物动词用不定式作宾语,结构为动词+不定式。
例如:afford aim agree arrange ask decidebother care choose demand desire determineelect endeavor hope fail help learnlong 渴望mean manage offer plan pretendrefuse tend undertake expect hate intend例如:The driver failed to see the other car in time. 司机没能及时看见另一辆车。
He offered to help me. 他表示愿意帮助我。
2)有些动词除了可以用不定式作宾语,还用不定式作补语,即有动词+宾语+不定式的结构。
例如:ask choose expect help beg intendlike/love need prefer prepare want wish例如:I like to keep everything tidy.我喜欢每件东西都保持整洁。
I like you to keep everything tidy.我喜欢你使每件东西都保持整洁。
动词不定式用法详解

动词不定式(The Infinitive )一、动词不定式的形式及意义构成时态语态复合结构否定式主动被动一般式to do to be done for sb.to do sth.of sb.to do sth.在“to”前加not 或never完成式to have done to have been done 进行式to be doing /不定式虽然没有人称和数的变化,但所表达的动作仍有时间先后顺序。
1、不定式的一般式,表示的动作通常与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生或在其后发生。
We are very glad to meet you again.再次见到你,我们非常高兴。
(同时发生)I hope to see you next week .我希望下周能见到你。
[不等式动作发生在谓语之后]I am ready to shave .我要刮脸了。
(自己挂自己的脸)I am ready to be shaved .我准备好刮脸了。
(由别人给自己刮脸)2、不定式的进行式,表示的动作正在进行,与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生。
They are to be waiting for us at the station.他们在车站等我们。
(作表语)He pretended to be reading attentively when I came in.我进去时他假装在专心读书。
(作宾语)3、不定式的完成式,表示的动作发生在谓语表示的动作之前。
He pretended not to have seen me .他假装没有看见我。
He is the first student in the school to have got the prize .在该校,它是第一个获得该奖的学生。
There is no need to have worried about it like that.不需要那样担忧。
The room seems to have been tidied up already .这个房子似乎好像已经整理过了。
动词不定式的用法

动词不定式的用法动词不定式的形式:动词不定式的用法1.不定式作主语⑴原则上,可用动词不定式直接作句子的主语,通常用it作句子的形式主语,而把不定式移到后面,形成“It + 谓语… + 动词不定式…”的句型。
如:To catch the 5:00 bus early in the morning is not a good idea.It is not a good idea to catch the 5:00 bus early in the morning.To learn a foreign language well takes painstaking efforts.It takes painstaking efforts to learn a foreign language well.⑵若要说明不定式的动作的执行者,可以在不定式前面加上“for + 名词或代词”结构,或是“of + 名词或代词”结构。
It is a great pleasure for me to talk with him. It is very kind of you to help me .⑶可用于“of + 名词/代词 + 动词不定式”结构中作主语补足语的形容词是指那些可以表示人或事物的性质或品质的好坏的形容词。
这些词如:careful, cruel, foolish, bold, brave,good, honest, kind, rude, polite, nice,stupid, selfish, silly, wicked, wise,thoughtful, wrong等。
2.不定式作宾语不定式作宾语有两种情况:一是及物动词后直接跟带to的不定式,二是“动词+疑问词+带to 的不定式”。
⑴“动词+带to的不定式”结构:常见的以不定式作宾语的动词有afford, appear, agree, ask,believe, decide, demand, desire, fail, hope, intend,learn, mean, offer, promise,refuse, wish等。
不定式用法讲解

非谓语动词----不定式非谓语动词有三种形式:不定式、动名词、分词。
动词不定式由“to+动词原形”构成,具有名词、形容词和副词的特征,可以在句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、补足语等,但不能作谓语。
同时,不定式仍保留着动词的某些特征,可以有自己的宾语、表语和状语,一起构成不定式短语;可以有自己的时态和语态变化形式;可以有自己的否定形式;可以带出自己的逻辑主语。
一、不定式的用法1、不定式作主语:不定式具有名词的特征,可在句子中充当主语。
To see once is better than to hear a hundred times. 百闻不如一见。
To master a foreign language is not an easy thing. 掌握一门外语不是一件容易的事。
To say is one thing and to do is another. 说是一回事,做又是另一回事。
To love and to be loved is the greatest happiness one can get. 爱与被爱是一个人能获得的最大幸福。
在很多情况下,人们通常用it作为形式上的主语,而把不定式短语移到谓语之后,使句子显得平稳一些。
如:It’s good manners to wait in line.排队等候是很有礼貌的。
It made us very angry to hear him speak to his mother like that. 听到他那样跟他妈妈说话我们很生气。
It's rude to turn your back to your teacher and refuse to answer. 背对着老师,拒绝回答问题是不礼貌的。
注意:当主语和表语都是不定式时,不能用形式主语代替动词不定式。
To respect others is to be respected. 尊重别人就是尊重自己。
非谓语动词(不定式)的用法

非谓语动词(不定式)的用法非谓语动词(动词不定式的具体用法)动词不定式有三大语法功能:1.充当名词,可作主语、宾语或表语;2.充当形容词,可作后置定语或宾语补足语;3.充当副词,可作状语。
构成不定式需要使用“to+动词原形”的形式,否定式则在不定式符号之前加入否定词“not/never”。
一、不定式作主语的用法不定式作主语的特点是具有名词的功能,可表示意愿或未完成的事情,谓语动词要用单数。
常见的此类名词有:plan(计划)、purpose(目的)、attempt(企图)、goal(目标)、aim(目的)、n(雄心)、dream(梦想)、ideal(理想)、wish(希望/愿望)、hope(希望)、n(决定)、n(决定)、proposal(提议/建议)等。
为了避免主语过长,不定式短语可放在句末,用形式主语“it”代替原来的主语位置,不定式则成为真正的主语。
例如:___.(赢得冠军是我的雄心。
)To master a foreign language is necessary.(掌握一门外语是有必要的。
)To e President of the United States used to be my goal.(过去我的梦想是成为美国总统。
)Speaking perfect English is always my dream.(说一口流利的英语一直是我的梦想。
)It is ___.(保护环境是有必要的。
)There are two special ___:1) It is + adj + of sb + to do sth.2) It is + adj + for sb + to do sth.___ characteristics and differences are:1) If ___ characteristics or traits。
the logical subject of the ___ "of."Examples:It is very affable of you to help me。
动词不定式时态的用法

动词不定式时态的用法动词不定式是一种非谓语动词形式,由“to +动词原形”构成。
它具有名词、形容词和副词的特征,在句子中可以充当主语、宾语、定语、状语、宾语补足语等成分。
动词不定式的时态有一般式、进行式、完成式和完成进行式,下面我们来详细了解一下它们的用法。
一、一般式(to do)动词不定式的一般式表示的动作通常与谓语动词的动作同时发生或在其后发生。
1、表示将来的动作例如:“I have a lot of work to do tomorrow”(明天我有很多工作要做。
)这里的“to do”表示将来要做的工作。
2、用于某些动词后作宾语常见的这类动词有:want, hope, wish, decide, plan, expect 等。
比如:“She wants to buy a new dress”(她想买一件新裙子。
)3、作定语“There is nothing to worry about”(没什么可担心的。
)“to worry about”修饰“nothing”,表示“可担心的事情”。
4、目的状语“We come here to learn English”(我们来这里是为了学英语。
)“to learn English”表示来这里的目的。
二、进行式(to be doing)动词不定式的进行式表示的动作与谓语动词的动作同时进行。
例如:“He seems to be waiting for someone”(他似乎在等什么人。
)“to be waiting”与“seems”同时发生。
这种形式用得相对较少,通常在某些特定的语境中使用,以强调动作正在进行。
三、完成式(to have done)动词不定式的完成式表示的动作发生在谓语动词之前。
1、表示过去未曾实现的愿望、打算或计划比如:“I intended to have written to you, but I was too busy”(我本打算给你写信的,但我太忙了。
动词不定式6种用法

动词不定式6种用法
动词不定式6种用法:
1、不定式的一般式:动词不定式一般式即to+动词原形。
所表示的动作是和谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生,但在多数情况下,是在谓语动词所表示的动作之后发生,不定时一般式与句子主语、宾语或for sb to do sth。
结构中的介词宾语有逻辑上的主谓关系。
2、不定式的完成式:即to have+过去分词。
动词不定式完成式所表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前,它的逻辑主语也是句子的主语或宾语。
3、不定式的进行式:to be+现在分词。
动词不定式进行式所表示的动作正在进行中,而且与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生。
4、不定式的否定式:动词不定式的否定式是由not+动词不定式构成。
5、不定式的被动式:当不定时的被动式逻辑主语是不定式所表示的动作的承受者时,用不定时的被动形式,即to be done或to have been done。
6、to代替整个不定式:如果句子前面出现过同样的动词,为避免重复,句子后边的不定式应省略动词原形及其后续部分,只保留不定式的符号to。
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动词不定式的用法讲解
一、动词不定式:
构成:to + 动词原形(to只是不定式符号,没有意义)
动词不定式作主语较长时,常用it作形式主语,而将真正的主语放在句末。
+ is/was+形容词+(for sb.) +动词不定式
To learn English well is useful. = It’s useful to learn English well.学好英语是有用的。
To protect environment is important for us.
= It’s important for us to protect environment.对于我们来说保护环境是很重要的。
2. It is / was + kind / good/ nice/ clever + of sb. + 动词不定式
It’s very kind of you to help me. 你帮助我真是太好啦。
(
It’s very clever of you to do like that. 你那样做真的太聪明啦。
3. It takes ( took , will take ) sb. some time to do something. (做某事花费某人…时间)
is a good idea to do sth.
作宾语
1.常见的跟不定式作宾语的动词有:
want to do sth. decide to do sth.
hope to do sth. plan to do sth.
offer to do sth. agree to do sth.
learn to do sth try to do sth prefer to do sth promise to do sth. need to do sth. expect to do sth.
~
2. 主语+ find / think + it +形容词+ (for sb.) + to do
I find it easy to read English every day. 我发现每天读英语和容易的。
He felt it hard to sleep.他觉得很难入睡。
I think it very interesting to learn English. 我认为学英语很有趣。
We found it impossible to cross the river. 我们发现过河是不可能的。
3.特殊疑问词+动词不定式作宾语
Can you tell me how to get to the post office
I didn’t know what to do next.
动词不定式作宾语补足语:
1."
tell sb to do sth.
2.ask sb to do sth.
invite sb to do sth want sb to do sth
wish sb to do sth order sb to do sth advise sb to do sth allow sb to do sth wait for sb to do sth
The question is difficult to answer. 这个问题很难回答
The room is comfortable to live in. 这个房间住起来很舒服
He is easy to get along with. 他很容易相处
I’m glad to see you again. 很高兴再次见到你
She told me to buy a ticket.她让我去买张票
2.要省去to.
%
注意:宾语补足语:补充说明宾语的。
宾语和宾补之间有逻辑的主谓关系。
He told me to leave at once.
He made the baby laugh.
跟省to的不定式的动词(感使动词):
一感feel
二听listen to, hear
三使make, let, have
四看look at, watch, see, notice
五半帮助help
The teachers helped the students (to) learn English well. 那些老师帮助学生学好英语。
(
He often helps his mother (to) tidy up the room.他经常帮助他妈妈整理房间。
作表语,表示主语的“职业、职责或性质”
Her job is to clean the hall. 她的工作就是打扫大厅。
My dream is to be a teacher.我的梦想是当一名教师。
作定语
动词不定式修饰名词或代词,起形容词的作用,在句中作定语,特点:
①.要放在被修饰的名词或代词之后。
I have a lot of books to read. Would you like something to eat
作状语
?
He worked day and night to get the money.(表目的)他日夜工作来赚钱。
(too...to...,和...adj/adv enough to do sth)(表结果)
She is too young to go to school.
She isn't old enough to go to school.
They were very sad to hear the news.(表原因)听到这个消息他们非常伤心。
The question is simple for him to answer.(表程度)这个问题对他来说太容易回答了。
不定式的否定式是在不定式前加not
They told us not to play basketball too long.
You had better not go to bed late.
"
动词不定式练习
came ________ (give) us a talk yesterday.
is always the last ______ (come).
promised ________ (attend) the meeting.
,
was lucky enough _______ (find) a seat.
Ming was too excited ______ (say) a word.
boss made them __ (work) the whole night.
job is _____ (look) after the animals in the zoo.
dream is _____ (fly) to the moon one day.
’s kind ______ you _______ me.
, helping , to help , helping , to help
’s hard _____ (of, for) us _____ (learn) English well.
tried ______ (not make) any noise.
need _______ (practise) speaking more English.
~
don’t know how ______ (use) the washing machine.
you want to get something ______ (eat)
is no more room ______ (live) in.
teacher often tells me ______ (listen) carefully in class. often see Mary _______ (help) others on her way home. teacher asks us _____ (write) down the new words.
Mary dances best in our school.
--- I agree. I’ll never forget ______ her dance for the first time.
see
has nothing _____ on Sundays and he feels _____ .
do, interesting , boring do, bored
stop ______ a rest if you feel tired.
have。