英语修辞与写作

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英语写作中的修辞手法应用研究

英语写作中的修辞手法应用研究

英语写作中的修辞手法应用研究在英语写作中,恰当地运用修辞手法能够增强语言的表现力和感染力,使文章更加生动、有趣、富有魅力。

修辞手法就像是为文字披上了一件华丽的外衣,让它们在读者眼前闪耀着独特的光芒。

本文将深入探讨英语写作中常见的修辞手法及其应用,帮助大家提升写作水平。

一、比喻(Metaphor)比喻是一种将一个事物比作另一个事物的修辞手法,通过找到两者之间的相似之处,使读者能够更直观地理解和感受所描述的对象。

例如,“Life is a journey”(生活是一场旅行),将生活比作旅行,生动地传达了生活充满未知和探索的特点。

比喻的运用能够使抽象的概念变得具体,平淡的描述变得生动。

比如,“The snow was a white blanket covering the ground”(雪像一条白色的毯子覆盖着大地),让读者能够立刻在脑海中浮现出雪后大地银装素裹的景象。

二、拟人(Personification)拟人是赋予非人类的事物以人类的特征和行为,使其更加形象和富有情感。

比如,“The wind whispered through the trees”(风在树林中低语),将风拟人化,仿佛风有了语言和情感。

在英语写作中,拟人可以让读者更容易产生共鸣和情感连接。

例如,“The stars danced playfully in the sky”(星星在天空中欢快地跳舞),使星空显得更加活泼和迷人。

三、夸张(Hyperbole)夸张是故意夸大或缩小事物的特征、程度或数量,以达到强调的效果。

“I'm so hungry I could eat a horse”(我饿得能吃下一匹马),显然一个人不可能吃下一匹马,但通过这种夸张的表达,强烈地传达出了极度饥饿的感觉。

夸张手法能够增强语言的冲击力,使读者对所描述的情况留下深刻的印象。

比如,“His voice was so loud it could shatter glass”(他的声音大得能震碎玻璃),突出了声音的响亮。

英语作文中的修辞手法及运用技巧

英语作文中的修辞手法及运用技巧

英语作文中的修辞手法及运用技巧修辞手法在英语作文中扮演着重要的角色,它能够为作文增添色彩、凸显主题、增强表达效果。

本文将讨论英语作文中常见的修辞手法,并探讨如何运用这些技巧,使文章更加生动有趣。

一、比喻(Metaphor)比喻是一种将两个不同事物进行类比的修辞手法,通过比较两者的相似之处来强调主题。

比如,在描述一个人时,可以用“他是一颗闪耀的明星”来形容其光彩夺目的个性。

使用比喻可以使作文更加生动,引起读者的共鸣。

二、拟人(Personification)拟人是将无生命的事物赋予人类行为特征的修辞手法。

通过赋予物体思维、行动等人类特征,可以使作文更具情感色彩。

例如,“大海向我们微笑”,将海洋拟人化,展示出海洋的温暖与善良。

三、夸张(Hyperbole)夸张是为了强调某种情感或效果而将某一事物或情景描述得过分夸大的修辞手法。

例如,“我等了一个世纪”,这里并非真实的等待了一百年,而是强调了漫长的等待时间。

运用夸张可以使作文生动活泼,增强表达效果。

四、反问(Rhetorical Question)反问是指提出一个既明显又不需要回答的问题,以此引起读者的思考和共鸣。

例如,“我们难道不应该追求更好的未来吗?”反问可以激发读者的思考,增强作文的说服力和影响力。

五、排比(Parallelism)排比是一种将相同结构的短语、句子或句子成分进行并列的修辞手法,以此达到强调和重复的效果。

例如,“我看见了困难,我看见了困境,我看见了希望”。

排比可以使句子更加有力、紧凑,增强表达的力度。

六、修辞反复(Repetition)修辞反复是指在文章中多次重复相同的词语、短语或句子,以此突出关键信息,强调主题。

例如,“我们必须坚持,我们必须奋斗,我们必须不懈努力”。

修辞反复可以使作文的主题更加醒目、深入人心。

七、对比(Contrast)对比是一种将两个相对矛盾或相对重要的事物进行并置对比的修辞手法,以此突出差异和强调主题。

例如,“黑夜中的星光显得格外明亮”,通过对比黑夜和星光的差异来强调星光的亮丽。

英语写作中的修辞手法与表达技巧

英语写作中的修辞手法与表达技巧

英语写作中的修辞手法与表达技巧写作是一门艺术,无论是中文还是英文写作,修辞手法和表达技巧都是至关重要的。

而英语作为一门全球通用的语言,更加注重准确、优雅的表达方式。

本文将重点探讨英语写作中常用的修辞手法和表达技巧,以帮助读者提高英文写作水平。

一、比喻与隐喻比喻和隐喻是英语写作中最常用的修辞手法之一。

比喻是通过将一个事物与另一个事物做类比来帮助读者更好地理解。

例如,“她的笑容如春日的阳光般温暖。

”这个比喻将她的笑容与春日的阳光做类比,形容其温暖的特质。

隐喻则是通过象征性的语言来传达某种含义。

例如,“他是我的明灯,指引着我前进的道路。

”这个隐喻将他比喻为明灯,表示他在作者的生活中扮演着重要的角色。

二、对比与排比对比和排比是一种常用于英语写作的修辞手法,可以帮助加深读者对比较对象之间的差异或相似之处,并以此达到强调的效果。

例如,“她的眼睛像黑夜的星空,他的眼睛却如湖水般清澈。

”这个对比通过描绘两个人眼睛的不同特点,突显了他们的个性差异。

排比则是通过反复使用相同的句式结构来强调同类事物的重要性。

例如,“We learn history not by textbooks alone, but by the stories of those who came before us; We understand the world not just through our own eyes, but by stepping intothe shoes of others.”这个排比通过强调多种途径了解历史和理解世界的重要性,为读者展示了更加全面的思考方式。

三、使用修辞词汇使用修辞词汇可以使文章更加生动有趣,增强语言的表达力。

例如,用形容词来修饰名词,用动词来描述动作,用副词来修饰动词等。

例如,“The delicate petals of the rose danced in the breeze.”这个例子中,使用了“delicate”来修饰“petals”,使读者能够更加直观地感受到玫瑰花的美丽。

英语修辞与写作复习资料

英语修辞与写作复习资料

《英语修辞与写作》课程期末考试复习资料修辞手法1. Alliteration(1) Penny wise, pound foolish.(2) Wilful waste makes woeful want.(3) Without wisdom, wealth is worthless.(4) We shape our own destiny with conviction, compassion, and clear and common purpose.(B. Obama: Weekly Address, November 25th, 2010)2. Rhyme(1) Haste makes waste.(2) Man proposes, God disposes.(3) Little stokes fell great oaks.(4) His great gaunt figure filled the cabin door,And had he fallen inward on the floor,He must have measured to the further wall.(R. Frost: The Figure in the Doorway) 3. Simile(1) My roommates stood there as motionless as statues.(2) Living without an aim is like sailing without a compass.(3) Ambition is to life just what steam is to the locomotive.(4) Beauty is as summer fruits, which are easy to corrupt and cannot last.(F. Bacon: Of Beauty)4. Metaphor(1)Life is a journey.(2)Jim was a fox.(3) She is the apple of his eye.(4) The news is a dagger to his heart.5.Metonymy(1) He drank a cup.(2) She set a good table.(3) He is fond of the bottle.(4) The pen is mightier than the sword.6. Synecdoche(1) The kettle is boiling.(2) Great minds think alike.(3) He smokes two packs per day.(4) The poor creature could no longer endure her sufferings.7. Personification(1) Fear gripped his heart.(2) This time fate was smiling to him.(3) His words sent a quiver through my body.(4) The morning sun greeted us as we came out on deck.8. Hyperbole(1) I'm the luckiest man in the world.(2) Belinda smiled, and all the world was gay.(3) The noise was big enough to wake the dead.(4) I loved Ophelia: forty thousand brothers could not, with all their quantity of love, make up mysum.(W. Shakespeare: Hamlet) 9.Oxymoron(1)His air was one of friendly hostility.(2) The coach had to be cruel to be kind to his trainees.(3) I like a smuggler. He was the only honest thief.(4) No light, but rather darkness visible.10. Euphemism(1) The girl is hard of hearing.(2) The boy is a bit slow for his age.(3) It's five years since he passed away.(4) I'm afraid he has distorted the fact.11.Parallelism(1)He doesn't ride, nor shoot, nor fish, nor swim.(2)Lumber, corn, tobacco, wheat, and furs moved downstream to the delta country.(3) An Englishman thinks seated; a Frenchman, standing; an American, pacing; an Irishman, afterward.(4) We can gain knowledge by reading, by reflection, by observation or by practice.12.Antithesis(1) Speech is silver; silence is gold.(2)We find ourselves rich in goods, but ragged in spirit, reaching with magnificent precision for the moon, but falling into raucous discord on earth.(R. Nixon) (3)I had walked into that reading room a happy healthy man. I crawled out a decrepit wreck.(J. K. Jerome: The Three Men in a Boat) (4) It was the best of times, it was the worst of times; it was the age of wisdom, it was the age of foolishness; it was the epoch of belief, it was the epoch of incredulity; it was the season of light, it was the season of darkness; it was the spring of hope, it was the winter of despair; we had everything before us, we had nothing before us; we were all going direct to Heaven, we were all going direct the other way.(C. Dickens: A Tale of Two Cities)13.Climax(1)I came, I saw, I conquered.(2)Some books are to be tasted, others to be swallowed, and some to be chewed and digested.(F. Bacon: Of Studies)(3)But in a large sense we cannot dedicate, we cannot consecrate, we cannot hallow this ground.14.Anticlimax(1)For God, for America, and for Yale.(2)He lost his empire, his family and his fountain pen.(3)The duties of a soldier are to protect his country and peel potatoes.(4)The explosion completely destroyed a church, two houses, and a flowerpot.词汇1. pioneer / premature/prior/past2. obstacle / fault /offense /distress3. adapt / stick / yield/ adopt4. procedure / protection / allowance / access5. bare/vacant/hollow/blank6. adopt/ acquire/ accumulate/ assemble7. reduce / fade / dim /faint8. superior/productive /splendid/ prosperous9. raise /promote /heighten/ increase10. profit/gain/reward/ price改错1) He is not only a good pianist, but also a good singer as well.2)This pretty actress keeps appearing in TV serials repeatedly.3)As a rule, students are usually not allowed to take books out of this reading room.4)According to the speaker, it is obvious that the responsibility system has helped to increaseproduction and he has no doubt about it.5)One reason why people are well informed in this country is because of the fact that there aremany newspapers which can easily be bought or subscribed to.6)Statistics show that in the decade from 1980 to 1990 enrollments at this school doubled: in1990 there were twice as many students as in 1980.7)There are so many inexperienced unskilled workers without training in a particular job thatproduction of the factory has been affected.8)There are about 50 patients or so in this ward, among whom many are being givenacupuncture treatment.9)His name is called James Williams.10)Whatever he does, he works seriously with great care, and does his best so as to do it well. 11)I am quiet jealous of your opportunity to study at such a famous university.12) The essay is poorly organized, there is no central idea.13) There are a number of students who want to join the drama club.He was kind enough to let me share the same umbrella with him.14)Zhao was the person who was elected the representative of the class by the whole class.15)At the present time I am taking the course of World History and in addition a course ingeography too.16)The plane circled around the airport for about ten minutes or so and then disappeared andcould no longer be seen.17)What I am trying to say is that in my opinion he has not done his work very well and it needsimproving.18)I would like you to consider the question of whether or not you will publish your recent articleon women scientists in China in our journal.19)Owing to the fact that he had missed many lectures, he was aware that it would be possible forhim to fail the exam.20)You must first work out an outline for your paper, and then after you have done that, you needto collect all kinds of material to support your point of view.主题句:部分参照《英语写作手册(英文版)(第3版) 》相关章节。

英语作文中的常见修辞手法

英语作文中的常见修辞手法

英语写作常用修辞手法1.Simile明喻明喻是将具有共性的不同事物作对比.这种共性存在于人们的心里,而不是事物的自然属性. 标志词常用like, as, seem, as if, as though, similar to, such as等.例如: 1>.He was like a cock who thought the sun had risen to hear him crow.2>.I wandered lonely as c cloud.3>.Einstein only had a blanket on, as if he had just walked out of a fairy tale.2.Metaphor隐喻,暗喻隐喻是简缩了的明喻,是将某一事物的名称用于另一事物,通过比较形成.例如: 1>.Hope is a good breakfast, but it is a bad supper.2>.Some books are to be tasted, others swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested.3>. I study all day as a bee .He has a heart of stone.4>. I study all day as a bee .3.Metonymy 借喻,转喻,换喻借喻不直接说出所要说的事物,而使用另一个与之相关的事物名称.I.以容器代替内容,例如: 1>.The kettle boils. 水开了.2>.The room sat silent. 全屋人安静地坐着.II.以资料.工具代替事物的名称,例如: Lend me your ears, please. 请听我说.III.以作者代替作品,例如: a complete Shakespeare 莎士比亚全集VI.以具体事物代替抽象概念,例如: I had the muscle, and they made money out of it. 我有力气,他们就用我的力气赚钱.4.Synecdoche提喻提喻用部分代替全体,或用全体代替部分,或特殊代替一般.例如: 1>.There are about 100 hands working in his factory. 他的厂里约有100名工人. 2>.He is the Newton of this century. 他是本世纪的牛顿. 3>.The fox goes very well with your cap. 这狐皮围脖与你的帽子很相配.5.Personification 拟人拟人是把生命赋予无生命的事物.例如: 1>.The night gently lays her hand at our fevered heads.2>.I was very happy and could hear the birds singing in the woods.6.Irony 反语反语指用相反意义的词来表达意思的作文方式.如在指责过失.错误时,用赞同过失的说法,而在表扬时,则近乎责难的说法.例如: 1>.It would be a fine thing indeed not knowing what time it was in the morning. 2>"Of course, you only carry large notes, no small change on you. "the waiter said to the beggar..Allegory讽喻,比方这是一种源于希腊文的修辞法,意为"换个方式的说法".它是一种形象的描述,具有双重性,表层含义与真正意味的是两回事.例如: 1>.Make the hay while the sun shines.2>.It's time to turn plough into sword.7.Hyperbole 夸张overstatement understatement夸张是以言过其实的说法表达强调的目的.它可以加强语势,增加表达效果..例如: 1>.I beg a thousand pardons.2>.Love you. You are the whole world to me, and the moon and the stars.3>.When she heard the bad news, a river of tears poured out.8.Euphemism 委婉,婉辞法婉辞法指用委婉,文雅的方法表达粗恶,避讳的话. 例如:1>.He is out visiting the necessary. 他出去方便一下.2>.His relation with his wife has not been fortunate. 他与妻子关系不融洽.3>.Deng Xiaoping passed away in 19979. 移位修饰transferred epithet将本应该用来修饰某一类名词的修饰语用来修饰另一类名词。

英文写作技巧学会运用恰当的修辞和修辞手法

英文写作技巧学会运用恰当的修辞和修辞手法

英文写作技巧学会运用恰当的修辞和修辞手法在英文写作中,恰如其分地运用修辞和修辞手法是一项重要的技巧。

修辞是指通过言辞的运用,以达到增强文字表达力和说服力的目的。

正确使用修辞和修辞手法,可以使文章更加生动、感人、引人入胜。

下面将介绍几种常见的修辞和修辞手法,帮助提升写作技巧。

1. 比喻比喻是一种生动的修辞手法,可以用来通过类比来描述事物形象和抽象的特点。

比如,“那个女孩像一只飞翔的小鸟,自由自在地在树林间穿梭”,这句话通过比喻,形象地表达了女孩自由自在的态度和活泼的性格。

运用比喻可以使文章更有意境,读起来更加有趣。

2. 排比排比是一种逐个列举并并列的修辞手法,常用来强调句子中的重点或者对比不同观点。

例如,“Yesterday, I cleaned the house, cooked dinner, and took care of the kids. Today, I did the same. Tomorrow, I will do the same. I am a busy mom, but I love every moment of it.”这段文字通过排比的方式,强调了作为母亲的忙碌和幸福感。

3. 反问反问是一种修辞手法,常用来引起读者的思考和注意。

通过提问并不给出直接答案,可以引导读者更加深入思考。

比如,“Do we really understand the consequences of our actions? Are we aware of the impact wehave on others?”这种反问的方式可以激发读者的兴趣,并让他们主动思考问题的答案。

4. 比较比较是一种修辞手法,常用来揭示事物之间的相似性或者差异性。

通过比较,可以使文章更有说服力和逻辑性。

例如,“The city is like a bustling beehive, with its constant movement and activity. The countryside, on the other hand, is like a peaceful oasis, with its calm and tranquility.”通过这种比较的方式,可以清晰地展示城市和乡村的不同特点。

英语中的修辞手法与文体知识点

英语中的修辞手法与文体知识点修辞手法是英语写作中常用的一种表达方式,它通过运用特定的语言技巧和结构,增强语言的感染力和表达力,使文章更具艺术性和表现力。

本文将介绍英语中常见的修辞手法以及相关的文体知识点。

一、比喻比喻是运用类似的事物进行直接或间接的比较,以便更好地阐述某个意义或揭示某种感觉。

通过比喻,可以使抽象的概念更加具体形象,提升文章的吸引力和情感张力。

例如,"Life is a journey."(生活就是一场旅程)就是一个常见的比喻句。

二、拟人拟人是指将非人类的事物或概念赋予人类的特质和行为,使其更具生命力和感知能力。

通过拟人,可以让读者更加深刻地感受到某种情感或现象的存在。

例如,"The sun smiled down on us."(阳光微笑着洒落在我们身上)中的"sun smiled"就是一个拟人的表达。

三、夸张夸张是为了强调或者夸大某种情感或描述,在修辞手法中常用来渲染氛围和增加艺术感。

夸张的运用可以使文章更加引人入胜,给读者留下深刻的印象。

例如,"I've been waiting for ages!"(我等了好几个世纪了!)就使用了夸张手法来突出等待的时间之长。

四、设问设问是通过提出问题的方式引发读者的思考,增加文章的互动性和吸引力。

通过巧妙的设问,可以引导读者思考并产生共鸣,使文章更具说服力和启发性。

例如,"What would you do if you had one day left to live?"(如果你只剩下最后一天可以活,你会怎么做?)中的设问引发了读者对生活的思考。

五、对比对比是通过对两个事物进行比较,强调它们之间的不同之处或者相互关系,以达到突出或者对比的效果。

通过对比,可以使文章更加生动有趣,也更好地传达作者的观点。

例如,"His words were as sharp as a knife, while her words were as gentle as a breeze."(他的话锋锐如刀,而她的话则温柔如微风)中的对比句增加了文章的表现力和张力。

英语修辞与写作复习资料

英语修辞与写作复习资料英语修辞与写作复习资料在学习英语写作时,修辞是一项非常重要的技巧。

通过运用修辞手法,我们可以更加生动地表达自己的思想,让文章更具说服力和吸引力。

下面将介绍一些常用的英语修辞手法,希望对大家的写作复习有所帮助。

1. 比喻(Metaphor)比喻是一种将两个不同的事物进行比较的修辞手法。

通过比喻,我们可以用一个熟悉的事物来形容一个陌生的事物,使读者更容易理解和接受。

比如,我们可以说“他是一只勤奋的蜜蜂”,来形容一个工作努力的人。

2. 拟人(Personification)拟人是一种将非人物赋予人的特质或行为的修辞手法。

通过拟人,我们可以使抽象的概念或非人物更加具体和形象化。

例如,“时间在无声地流逝”中,时间被赋予了“流逝”的行为。

3. 夸张(Hyperbole)夸张是一种通过夸大手法来强调某种情感或事物的修辞手法。

通过夸张,我们可以使文章更加生动有趣。

例如,“我等了一辈子”这句话中,夸张了等待的时间,以强调作者的长久等待。

4. 对偶(Antithesis)对偶是一种通过对比两个相反或对立的词语或短语来强调某种观点或情感的修辞手法。

通过对偶,我们可以使文章更加明确和有力。

例如,“春风得意马蹄疾,一日看尽长安花”中,对比了春天的喜悦和繁华与日落西山的无常。

5. 排比(Parallelism)排比是一种通过重复相同的句式或结构来强调某种观点或情感的修辞手法。

通过排比,我们可以使文章更加有节奏感和韵律感。

例如,“我爱你,不仅仅因为你的美丽;我爱你,不仅仅因为你的温柔;我爱你,不仅仅因为你的聪明”中,通过排比强调了对某人的多重爱。

6. 反问(Rhetorical Question)反问是一种通过提出问题来引起读者思考并强调某种观点的修辞手法。

通过反问,我们可以使文章更加引人入胜。

例如,“难道我们不应该为自己的梦想而努力吗?”中,提出了一个反问,以引导读者思考。

7. 比较(Simile)比较是一种通过使用“像”、“如同”等词语将两个事物进行比较的修辞手法。

英语写作的修辞

1、明喻(S i m i l e)明喻是一种最简单、最常见的修辞方法,是以两种具有共同特征的事物或现象进行对比,表明本体和喻体的关系,两者都在对比中出现,其基本格式是“A像B”,常用的比喻词有a s,l i k e,a s i f,a s t h o u g h 等。

例如:(1)M y m o n e y a n d g o o d s a r e a s d e a r t o m e a s l i f e i t s e l f.我的钱财对我就像生命一样宝贵。

(2) B u t r e l i e f s o o n s p r e a d t h r o u g h N o m e l i k e t h e g o l d e n r a y s o f t h e d a w ni t s e l f.但是人们变得轻松的感觉就像黎明时的金色阳光一样迅速传遍了诺姆镇。

2、暗喻(M e t a p h o r)。

暗喻也是一种比喻,但不用比喻词,因此被称作缩减了的明喻(a c o m p r e s s e d s i m i l e)。

它直接把一种事物名称用在另一事物上,从而更生动、更深刻地说明事理,增强语言的表现力。

例如:(1)W h a t w i l l p a r e n t s d o w i t h o u t t h e e l e c t r o n i c b a b y-s i t t e r?(如果没有这位电子保姆,父母该怎么办呢?)形象地说明了电视机的保姆功用。

(2)G e r m a n g u n s a n d G e r m a n p l a n e s r a i n e d d o w n b o m b s,s h e l l s a n d b u l l e t s...德国人的枪炮和飞机将炸弹、炮弹和子弹像暴雨一样倾泻下来。

(3)S o m e b o o k s a r e t o b e t a s t e d,o t h e r s t o b e s w a l l o w e d,a n d s o m e f e w t o b e c h e w e d a n d d i g e s t e d.“有些书可浅尝辄止;有些书可囫囵吞枣;还有少量的书要细嚼慢咽、消化吸收。

英文写作技巧有效应用修辞和修辞手法

英文写作技巧有效应用修辞和修辞手法英文写作技巧:有效应用修辞和修辞手法在英文写作中,修辞和修辞手法是提高文章表达力和吸引读者眼球的关键要素之一。

通过巧妙地运用各种修辞手法,可以使文章更加生动、有趣、深入人心。

在本文中,将介绍几种常见的修辞手法,并探讨如何有效应用这些技巧。

第一种修辞手法是比喻。

比喻是通过将一个事物与另一个事物相比较来传达特定意义或形象化的手法。

比喻可以帮助读者更好地理解抽象的概念或感受到作者想要表达的感情。

例如,"他的笑容像阳光一样明亮",用阳光比喻笑容,给人一种温暖和愉悦的感觉。

第二种修辞手法是拟人。

拟人是将无生命的事物赋予人的特征,使其更具有表现力。

通过拟人,作者可以使作品更具情感和生动性。

例如,"树林里的风在低声耳语",风被赋予了低声耳语的行为,使读者感受到了树林的宁静和神秘感。

第三种修辞手法是排比。

排比是通过列举相似的词语、短语或句子来强调某种意义或增强语言的韵律感。

排比可以使语句更加生动有力。

例如,"我喜欢走在林间小道,欣赏大自然的美景,听着鸟儿的歌唱,感受和谐的氛围。

"这个例子通过排比的方式强调了作者对大自然的热爱和赞美。

第四种修辞手法是反问。

反问是通过提出问题来强调某种观点或引起读者的思考。

反问可以激发读者的兴趣和参与感。

例如,"难道我们不应该保护环境,让我们的子孙后代能够生活在一个美丽的世界里吗?"通过反问,作者提出了一个引人深思的问题,引发读者对环境保护的思考。

第五种修辞手法是夸张。

夸张是通过夸大事物的特征或形容词,以引起强烈的感情反应。

夸张可以使文章更加引人注目和幽默有趣。

例如,"他是个狮子般勇敢的男子",通过夸张的说法,给人一种强烈的形象感。

通过运用这些修辞手法,我们可以让文章更加生动、有趣、深入人心。

然而,要注意适度使用修辞手法,过度运用可能会使文章显得夸张或太过花哨。

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第一章明喻、暗喻、换喻、提喻第一节明喻1.1.1 明喻(Simile)的定义The definition of simile-A simile is a figure of speech involving the comparison of one thing with another thing of a different kind by using the words:as,like,as…as,etc.Another definition:A figure of speech in which one thing is likened to another,in such a way as to clarify and enhance an image.It is an explicit comparison(as opposed to the metaphor where the comparison is implicit)recognizable by the use of the word“like”or“as”.有学者认为,“一事物”可称为“本体”,而“另一事物”最好称为“喻体”。

请看例句:New China is like a red sun rising in the east.(本体)(比喻词)(喻体)从例句结构上看,明喻包括“本体”(subject or tenor)和“喻体”(reference or vehicle)。

本体指被比喻的对象,喻体指用来做比喻的对象,比喻词用在本体和喻体之间起连接介绍作用。

从词源上讲,simile源于拉丁词similis,其意义相当于英语介词like(像)。

弄明白了本体、喻体和比喻词,对于理解和掌握明喻是大有裨益的。

1.1.2 明喻的例解1.1.2.1 用like或as引导1.My heart is like a singing bird.(C.G Rossetti:A Birthday)我的心如小鸟在歌唱。

2.I wondered lonely as a cloud.(W.Wordsworth:The Daffodils)我像一朵白云在独自漫游。

3.He bellowed like a bull seeking combat.他像寻衅的公牛一样怒吼。

4.He is as cunning as a fox.他像狐狸一样狡猾。

5.My brain was as powerful as a dynamo,precise as a chemist s scales,as penetrating as a scalpel.And think of it!-I was only eighteen.(Marx Schulman)我的头脑像发电机那样强大有力,像药剂师的天平那样精确,像外科大夫的手术刀那样锋利。

你想想看吧!———我那时才十八岁。

6.The quality of mercy is not strain d.It drops as the gentle rain from heaven.(Shakespeare)怜悯的性质不能曲解,它是从天而降的甘霖。

1.1.2.2 用what引导1.The pen is to a writer what the gun to a fighter.作家的笔犹如战士的枪。

2.What sculpture is to a block of marble,education is to the soul.教育之于心灵犹如雕刻之于大理石。

1.1.2.3 用形容词比较级(no more…than,not…any more tha n)引导1.He had no more idea of money than a cow.(Galsworthy)他对金钱像牛对金钱一样,一无所知。

2.The ruby shall be redder than a red rose,and the sapphire shall be as blue as the great sea.(O.Wilder)红宝石可以比红玫瑰还要红,蓝宝石可以同大海一样蓝。

(这是用一般比较级的形式)1.1.2.4 英语明喻还可以用连词and引导1.Love and cough cannot be hidden.爱情像咳嗽一样无法掩盖。

2.Words and feather are tossed by the wind.语言如羽毛,随风到处刮。

3.Truth and roses have thorns above them.真理如玫瑰,全身都是刺。

1.1.2.5 用行为动词也可以引导明喻He treats his daughter as the apple in the eye.他把女儿当掌上明珠。

1.1.3 汉语明喻汉语明喻一般也叫“直喻”,即直接明显地打比方。

其构成方式是本体和喻体都同时出现,两者之间用“像、好像、好似、如、比如、犹如、如同、仿佛”,“像……一样”、“如……似的”等比喻词作联结。

例如:1.线在上锭,线穗子就跟着一层层加大,直到沉甸甸的,像成熟了的肥桃。

(吴伯箫《记一辆纺车》)2.还似旧时游上苑,车如流水马如龙。

(李煜《忆江南》)3.他干起活来仿佛不知道什么是疲倦。

(马军《普通一兵》)也有一些不带比喻词的明喻。

例如:4.在朝鲜的每一天,我都被一些事情感动着;我的思想感情的潮水,在放纵奔流着,它使我想把一切东西都告诉给祖国的朋友们。

(魏巍《谁是最可爱的人》)还有运用排比、对偶等修辞形式的平行句法,使比喻和被比喻的事物各自成句,自成一体,而且往往紧急紧相连,使人一看就明白二者之间有明显的比喻关系。

例如:5.十月长安街,一路红旗,一路战鼓,一种豪情,一种凯歌,……(袁鹰《十月长安街》)6.射箭要看靶子,弹琴要看听众,写文章做演说倒可以不看读者不看听众了吗?第二节暗喻1.2.1 暗喻(Metaphor)的定义The definitions of metaphor-A metaphor is an implied simile.A metaphor is a figure of speech in which two different things are compared without the use of the words“as,like,as…as,as though,as if,etc”.A metaphor,like a simile,also makes a comparison between two unlike elements,but un-like a simile,this comparison is implied rather stated.从以上几个定义中可以看出,暗喻(隐喻)也是一种比喻,它不用比喻词,直接把甲事物(喻体)当作乙事物(本体),这种比喻关系隐含在句子中,从而表达更生动,更深刻,增强语言的艺术感染力和表现力。

但是英语暗喻对于学习外语的中国学生来说比较难以辨认和运用,一方面是因为文化差异,另一方面是因为英语暗喻的形式比较多。

1.2.2 英语暗喻的类型1.2.2.1 用系动词表达的暗喻1.He is an old fox.他是个老狐狸。

2.All the world is a stage,And all the men and women merely players.(Shakespeare)人生是舞台,男男女女不过是演员罢了。

3.Money is the lens in a camera.金钱是照相机的镜头。

(相机的镜头能反映出人的不同面貌,金钱则能检验出一个人的不同品质。

)4.Diplomacy is the art of putting your feet down without stepping on anybody s toes.外交是把脚踏下而不踩别人脚尖的艺术。

5.Sons are the anchors of a mother s life.(Sophocles:Phaedra)儿子们是母亲生活中的依靠。

1.2.2.2 动词构成的暗喻1.A bright idea suddenly struck him.他突然有了一个好主意。

2.Even with the most educated and the most literate,the King s English slips and slides in conversation.(Henry Fairtie)甚至是最有教养和最有文化的人,在谈话中也有用词不当和不合乎标准英语规范的时候。

3.Also,he had money in his pocket,and as in the old days when a pay day,he made the money fly.(Jack London)还有,当他口袋里有钱的时候,像过去发薪的日子,他挥金如土。

4.No one,least of all I,anticipated that my case would snowball into one of the most fa-mous trials in the U.S.history.(John Scopes:The Trial Tha t Rocked the World)谁也没有料到,尤其是我,更没有想到我的案子会越搞越大,以致成了美国历史上最闻名的审判之一。

5.Her hostility melted.她的敌意消解了。

6.His present hunger awoke and gnawed at him.眼前,他肚子里的饥饿又苏醒过来撕咬着他。

7.And so he lived-like a dog,because he cared nothing for the conventions of society,and because he showed his teeth and barked at those he disliked.(Gilbort Highet:Diogenes a nd Alex-a nder from College English Book3)他就这样生活着,有人说他像狗一样活着。

因为他对社会习俗置若罔闻,因为他对于自己不喜欢的人“龇牙狂吠,发出威胁。

”1.2.2.3 英语修饰性暗喻这类暗喻可以分成4小类:1.2.2.3.1 喻体与介词of连用,作为修饰语修饰本体,这类暗喻含有like的意义。

若译成汉语,和使用明喻的句子译为汉语时没有明显的差别。

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