英语气象学相关词汇
气象常用专业英语词汇
气象常用专业英语词汇pressure gradient 气压梯度 barometric height formula 压高公式 pressure gradient force 气压梯度力 Coriolis force 科里奥利力 water vapor 水［蒸］汽 water vapor pressure 水汽压 humidity 湿度 relative humidity 相对湿度 absolute humidity 绝对湿度 specific humidity 比湿 mixing ratio 混合比dew point ［temperature ］露点（温度） depression of the dew point （温度）露点差 super-saturated air 过饱和空气 saturation specific humidity 饱和比湿 saturation vapor pressure 饱和水汽压 saturation deficit 饱和差 cloud 云low cloud 低云 middle cloud 中云 highcloud 高云 cloud amount 云量 cloud height 云高 cloud genera 云属 cloud etage 云族 cloud species 云种 cloud variety 云类 cloud form 云状 cirrus, Ci 卷云 cirrostratus, Cs 卷层云 cirrocumulus, Cc 卷积云altocumulus, Ac 高积云 altostratus, As 高层云 cumulus, Cu 积云cumulus humilis, Cu hum 淡积云 cumulus congestus, Cucon 浓积云 cumulonimbus, Cb 积雨云 cumulus fractus, Cu fra 碎积云stratocumulus, Sc 层积云 stratus, St 层云 nimbostratus, Ns 雨层云 stratiform cloud 层状云 cumuliform cloud 积状云 cold cloud 冷云 warm cloud 暖云 ice cloud 冰云1 / 10主题词表English Chinese 01.大气atmospheric science 大气科学 meteorology 气象学 atmosphere 大气atmospheric impurity 大气杂质atmospheric suspended matter 大气悬浮物 atmospheric composition 大气成分 atmospheric mass 大气质量 atmospheric density 大气密度 atmospheric subdivision 大气分层 homosphere 均质层 heterosphere 非均质层standard ［pressure ］ level 标准层 isothermal layer 等温层 lower atmosphere 低层大气 middle atmosphere 中层大气 upper atmosphere 高层大气 troposphere 对流层 tropopause 对流层顶 stratosphere 平流层 stratopause 平流层顶 mesopause 中间层顶 thermosphere 热层 exosphere 夕卜［逸］层 ionosphere 电离层 magnetosphere 磁层 ozonosphere 臭氧层 free atmosphere 自 由大气 planetary atmosphere 行星大气standard atmosphere （reference atmosphere ）标准大气（参考homogeneous atmosphere 均质大气 isothermal atmosphere 等温大气polytropic atmosphere 多元大气 scale height 大气标高 meteorological element 气象要素 air temperature 气温 wet-bulb temperature 湿球温度 dry-bulb temperature 干球温度 atmospheric pressure 气压standard atmosphere pressure 标准大气压 station pressure 本站气压 sea-level pressure 海平面气压气象常用专业英语词汇precipitation intensity 降水强度 showery precipitation 阵性降水 convective precipitation 对流性降水 orographic precipitation 地形降水 rain 雨 rain drop 雨滴 rain shadow 雨影 glaze 雨淞 rain day 雨日rainfall ［amount ］雨量continuous precipitation 连续性降水 intermittent precipitation 间歇性降水 showery rain 阵雨freezing rain 冻雨 drizzle 毛毛雨 light rain 小雨moderate rain 中雨 heavy rain 大雨 torrential rain 暴雨 local precipitation 地方性降水 orographic rain 地形雨 storm 风暴sandstorm, duststorm 沙［尘］暴 hail storm 雹暴 haze 霾 dust 浮尘 dew 露 frost 霜 frost point 霜点 first frost 初霜 latest frost 终霜 tornado 龙卷 dust devil 尘卷风 snow 雪 sleet 雨夹雪showery snow 阵雪 snow crystal 雪晶 snowflake 雪花 snow grains 米雪 snowstorm 雪暴 snow cover 积雪 snowfall ［amount ］雪量 snow depth 雪深 snow day 雪日 icing 积冰 hail 冰雹 2 / 10wind 风wind direction 风向wind speed, wind velocity 风速 maximum wind speed 最大风速 extreme wind speed 极大风速 wind speed profile 风速廓线 wind force 风力wind force scale 风级Beaufort ［wind ］ scale 蒲福风级 calm 0级风 light air 1 级风 light breeze 2 级风 gentle breeze 3 级风 moderate breeze 4 级风 fresh breeze 5 级风 strong breeze 6 级风 near gale 7 级风 gale 8级风 strong gale 9 级风 storm 10 级风 violent storm 11 级风 hurricane 12 级风gust 阵风local wind 地方性风 surface wind 地面风 foehn 焚风mountain-valley breeze 山谷风 sea-land breeze 海陆风 on-shore wind 向岸风 off-shore wind 离岸风 gorge wind 峡谷风predominant wind direction 主导风向 prevailing wind 盛行风 wind pressure 风压 wind energy 风能wind energy resources 风能资源 wind energy rose 风能玫瑰［图］ visibility 能见度 clear sky 晴天 partly cloudy 少云 cloudy 多云 overcast 阴天blue of the sky 天空蓝度 skycondition 天空状况 precipitation 降thermometer 温度表 telethermometer 遥测温度表 thermograph 温度计 geothermometer 地温表 surface geothermometer 地面温度表 angle geothermometer 曲管地温表 tube-typed geothermometer 直管地温表 maximum thermometer 最高温度表 minimumthermometer 最低温度表 mercury thermometer 水银温度表 Lyman- a hygrometer 莱曼-a 湿度表 bimetallic thermograph 双金属片温度计 barograph 气压计 aneroid barograph 空盒气压计 mountain barograph 高山气压计 barometer 气压表 aneroid barometer 空盒气压表 ship-barometer 船用气压表 mountain barometer 高山气压表 pressure altimeter 气压测高表 normal barometer 标准气压表 mercury barometer 水银气压表 Fortin barometer 福丁气压表 Kew pattern barometer 寇乌气压表hygrograph 湿度计 hygrometer 湿度表 psychrometer 干湿表 aspirated psychrometer 通风干湿表 Assmann psychrometer 阿斯曼干湿表 dew-point hygrometer 露点湿度表 hair hygrometer 毛发湿度表 hair hygrograph 毛发湿度计black and white bulb thermometer 黑白球温度表barothermograph 气压温度计 dry-bulb thermometer 干球温度表 wet-bulb thermometer 湿球温度表 sunshine recorder 日照计Jordan sunshine recorder 乔唐日照计Campbell-Stokes sunshine recorder 康培尔-司托克日照计 pyrheliometer 直接辐射表 pyranometer 总辐射表 sky radiometer diffusometer 天空辐射表 albedometer 反照率表 pyranometer 净辐射表 evaporograph 蒸发计 evaporation pan 小型蒸发器3 / 10thunder 雷 thunderstorm 雷暴 thunder shower 雷阵雨 lightning 闪电 fog 雾 mist 轻雾 wet fog 湿雾 sea fog 海雾 ice fog 冰雾 frontal fog 锋面雾 advection fog 平流雾 radiation fog 辐射雾advection-radiation fog 平流辐射雾 mixing fog 混合雾 evaporation fog 蒸发雾 supercooled fog 过冷却雾 ground fog 地面雾 upslope fog 上坡雾 air-mass fog 气团雾 tropical air fog 热带气团雾 rime 雾淞graupel 霰percentage of sunshine 日照百分率 sunshine duration 日照时数duration of possible sunshine 可照时数 02.大气探测atmospheric sounding and observing 大气探测 meteorological observation 气象观测 surface observation 地面观测 visual observation 目测background pollution observation 本底污染观测 field observation 外场观测 conventional observation 常规观测 sounding 探空upper air observation 高空观测 aircraft sounding 飞机探测 rocket sounding 火箭探测 radio sounding 无线电探空 surface data 地面资料 upper air data 高空资料 observation site 观测场coagulation 碰并 ice crystal 冰晶 ice point 冰点 condensation 凝结 evaporation 蒸发 solidification 凝固 deposition 凝华 sublimation 升华freezing 冻结condensation nucleus 凝结核 salt nucleus 盐核weather modification 人工影响天气 cloud dissipation ^肖云 salt-seeding 盐粉播撒 frost prevention 防霜artificial precipitation 人工降水 cloud cluster 云团tropical cloud cluster 热带云团 cloud system 云系comma cloud system 逗点云系 banded cloud system 带状云系 vortex cloud system 涡旋云系 atmospheric radiation 大气辐射 solar radiation 太阳辐射solar constant 太阳常数outgoing long-wave radiation, OLR 向外长波辐射 visible light 可见光 radiation balance 辐射平衡 global radiation 总辐射 direct radiation 直接辐射 effective radiation 有效辐射 scattered radiation 散射辐射 diffuse radiation 漫射辐射sky radiation 天空辐射upward ［tatal ］ radiation 向上［全］辐射 downward ［total ］ radiation 向下［全］辐射 incoming radiation 入射辐射albedo of the earth-atmosphere system 地气系统反照率 albedo of underlying surface 下垫面反照率 atmospheric counter radiation 大气逆辐射 radiance 辐射率 albedo 反照率planetary temperature 行星温度 atmospheric window 大气窗［atmospheric ］ absorptivity ［大气］吸收率 primaryevaporation tank 大型蒸发器 standard pan 标准蒸发器 ceiling projector 云幕灯 visibility meter,visiometer 能见度表 raingauge 雨量器 pluviograph,recording raingauge 雨量计 accumulative raingauge 累计雨量器 tilting bucket raingauge 翻斗［式］雨量计 electric conductivity raingauge 水导［式］雨量计 siphon rainfall recorder 虹吸［式］雨量计 rainfall intensity recorder 雨强计 telemetering pluviograph 遥测雨量计 wind vane 风向标 anemometer 风速表contact anemometer 电接风速表 cup anemometer 转杯风速表 propeller anemometer 螺旋桨［式］风速表anemorumbometer 风向风速表 anemograph 风速计 meteorological rocket 气象火箭 sounding rocket 探空火箭 weather radar 天气雷达 meteorological radar 气象雷达 lidar 激光雷达sodar, acoustic radar 声［雷］达 Doppler radar 多普勒天气雷达 atmospheric remote sensing 大气遥感 meteorological satellite 气象卫星 synoptic data 天气资料 real time data 实时资料radiation transfer equation 辐射传输方程atmospheric transmission model 大气传输模式 03.大气物理学atmospheric physics 大气物理［学］ cloud physics 云物理学 advection 平流 convection 对流 aerosol 气溶胶cloud droplet-size distribution 云滴谱 raindrop size distribution 雨滴谱 fog-drop 雾滴 cloud droplet 云滴supercooled cloud droplet 过冷云滴 drop spectrum 滴谱 collision 碰撞scattering 一次散射4 / 10Mie scattering 米散射 smog aerosol 烟雾气溶胶 multiple scattering 多次散射 ash cloud 烟灰云 Rayleigh scattering 瑞利散射smog 烟雾 sky brightness, sky luminance 天空亮度smoke screen 烟幕atmospheric optical thickness, atmospheric optical depth 大 acid rain 酸雨 气光学厚度 smoke 烟 smoke plume 烟羽 plume rise 烟羽抬升 fallout 沉降物05.动力气象学dynamic meteorology 动力气象学 atmospheric thermodynamics 大气热力学 sensible heat 感热 latent heat 潜热reversible adiabatic process 可逆绝热过程 irreversible adiabatic process 不可逆绝热过程 moisture inversion 逆湿thermodynamic equation 热力学方程 temperature inversion 逆温turbulence inversion 湍流逆温 surface inversion 地面逆温 radiation inversion 辐射逆温 capping inversion 覆盖逆温 subsidence inversion 下沉逆温 frontal inversion 锋面逆温 inversion layer 逆温层 temperature gradient 温度梯度 temperature advection 温度平流 adiabatic ascending 绝热上升 adiabatic sinking 绝热下沉 adiabatic cooling 绝热冷却 adiabatic heating 绝热增温 pseudo-adiabatic process 假绝热过程 diabatic process 非绝热过程convective condensation level, CCL 对流凝结高度 mixing condensation level 混合凝结高度 temperature lapse rate 气温直减率dry adiabatic lapse rate 干绝热直减率 moist adiabatic lapse rate 湿绝热直减率 condensation level, CL 凝结高度virtual temperature 虚温dry adiabatic process 干绝热过程 moist adiabatic process 湿绝热过程potential temperature 位温 equation of motion 运动方程 5 / 10［atmospheric］ transparency ［大气］透明度 atmospheric optical phenomena 大气光学现象 atmospheric turbidity 大气浑浊度 mirage 蜃景 twilight 曙暮光 aurora australis 南极光 aurora borealis 北极光 halo 晕 46° halo 46 度晕22° halo 22 度晕 solar halo 日晕 lunar halo 月晕 solar corona 日华 lunar corona 月华 rainbow 虹 secondary rainbow 霓 corona 华 twilight colors 霞 aurora 极光 glory 宝光［环］ magnetic storm 磁暴 04.大气化学atmospheric chemistry 大气化学 atmospheric photolysis 大气光解作用 atmospheric ozone 大气臭氧 atmospheric trace gas 大气痕量气体 photochemical reaction 光化反应photochemical smog 光化烟雾 precipitation chemistry 降水化学 atmospheric background 大气本底［值］ atmospheric pollution 大气污染 air pollution 空气污染 primary pollutant 原生污染物 secondary pollutant 次生污染物 atmospheric cleaning 大气净化 floating dust 飘尘 dustfall 降尘greenhouse gasses 温室气体 atmospheric pollutant 大气污染物southern branch jet stream 南支急流 basic flow 基本气流 subtropical jet stream 副热带急流 axis of jet stream 急流轴 warm advection 暖平流 cold advection 冷平流 upward flow 上升气流 downward flow 下沉气流 geostrophic motion 地转运动 quasi-geostrophic motion 准地转运动 Ekman layer 埃克曼层 Ekman spiral 埃克曼螺线 atmospheric circulation 大气环流 meridional circulation 经向环流 zonal circulation 纬向环流 Hadley cell 哈得来环流 Walker cell 沃克环流 direct circulation 直接环流 indirect circulation 间接环流［圈］ trade-wind circulation 信风环流 circulation cell 环流圈 local circulation 局地环流 three-cell ［meridional ］ circulation 三圈经向环流 circulation index 环流指数high index 高指数 low index 低指数 index cycle 指数循环 circulation theorem 环流定理 Kelvin's theorem of circulation 开尔文环流定理 Bjerknes circulation theorem 皮叶克尼斯环流定理 cross-equatorial flow 越赤道气流atmospheric center of action 大气活动中心 scaling 尺度分析synoptic scale 天气尺度 planetary scale 行星尺度 meso scale 中尺度 mesoscale model 中尺度模式 general circulation model, GCM 大气环流模式 barotropic model 正压模式 baroclinic model 斜压模式06.天气学synoptic meteorology 天气学 weather 天气 synoptic chart 天气图 6 / 10continuity equation 连续方程 equation of state 状态方程 vorticity equation 涡度方程 divergence equation 散度方程 hydrostatic equation 流体静力方程 3 -equation 3方程 perturbation equation 扰动方程 thermal wind equation 热成风方程 advective equation 平流方程 balance equation 平衡方程 baroclinic process 斜压过程geostrophic adjustment 地转适应 available potential energy 有效位能 geopotentialmeter 位势米 geopotential height 位势高度 inertial instability 惯性不稳定 free convection level 自 由对流高度［atmospheric ］ stability ［大气］稳定度 static stability 静力稳定度 absolutestability 绝对稳定 absolute instability 绝对不稳定 neutral stability 中性稳定conditional instability 条件［性］不稳定 barotropic instability 正压不稳定baroclinic instability 斜压不稳定 latent instability 潜在不稳定conservation of potential vorticity 位涡守恒 z-coordinate z 坐标p-coordinate p 坐标 。
气象常用专业英语词汇
主题辞表English Chinese1.大气atmospheric science 大气科学meteorology 气象学atmosphere 大气atmospheric impurity 大气杂质atmospheric suspended matter 大气悬浮物atmospheric composition 大气成分atmospheric mass 大气质量 atmosphericdensity 大气密度 atmospheric subdivision大气分层 homosphere 均质层heterosphere 非均质层standard [pressure] level 标准层isothermal layer等温层lower atmosphere 低层大气middle atmosphere 中层大气upper atmosphere 高层大气troposphere 对流层tropopause 对流层顶stratosphere 平流层stratopause 平流层顶mesosphere 中间层mesopause 中间层顶thermosphere 热层exosphere 外 [逸 ] 层ionosphere 电离层magnetosphere 磁层ozonosphere 臭氧层free atmosphere 自由大气planetary atmosphere 行星大气standard atmosphere(reference atmosphere) 标准大气（参照大气）homogeneous atmosphere 均质大气isothermal atmosphere 等温大气polytropic atmosphere 多元大气scale height 大气标高meteorological element 气象因素air temperature 气温wet-bulb temperature 湿球温度dry-bulb temperature干球温度atmospheric pressure 气压standard atmosphere pressure 标准大气压 station pressure 本站气压sea-level pressure 海平面气压pressure gradient 气压梯度barometric height formula 压高公式pressure gradient force 气压梯度力Coriolis force 科里奥利力water vapor 水[ 蒸] 汽water vapor pressure 水汽压humidity 湿度relative humidity 相对湿度absolute humidity 绝对湿度specific humidity 比湿mixing ratio 混杂比dew point [temperature] 露点 (温度 ) depression of the dew point （温度）露点差super-saturated air 过饱和空气saturation specific humidity 饱和比湿saturation vapor pressure 饱和水汽压saturation deficit 饱和差cloud 云low cloud 低云middle cloud 中云high cloud 高云cloud amount 云量cloud height 云高cloud genera 云属cloud etage 云族cloud species 云种cloud variety 云类cloud form 云状cirrus, Ci 卷云cirrostratus, Cs 卷层云cirrocumulus, Cc 卷积云altocumulus, Ac 高积云altostratus, As 高层云cumulus, Cu 积云cumulus humilis, Cu hum 淡积云cumulus congestus, Cu con 浓积云cumulonimbus, Cb 积雨云cumulus fractus, Cu fra 碎积云stratocumulus, Sc 层积云stratus, St 层云nimbostratus, Ns 雨层云stratiform cloud 层状云cumuliform cloud 积状云cold cloud 冷云warm cloud 暖云ice cloud 冰云wind 风wind direction 风向wind speed, wind velocity 风速maximum wind speed最狂风速extreme wind speed 极狂风速wind speed profile风速廓线wind force风力wind force scale风级Beaufort [wind] scale蒲福风级calm 0 级风light air 1 级风light breeze 2 级风gentle breeze 3 级风moderate breeze 4 级风fresh breeze 5 级风strong breeze 6 级风near gale 7 级风gale 8 级风strong gale 9 级风storm 10 级风violent storm 11 级风hurricane 12 级风gust 阵风local wind地方性风surface wind 地面风foehn 焚风mountain-valley breeze山谷风sea-land breeze 海陆风on-shore wind 向岸风off-shore wind离岸风gorge wind 峡谷风predominant wind direction 主导风向prevailing wind 流行风wind pressure 风压wind energy 风能wind energy resources 风能资源wind energy rose 风能玫瑰 [图 ] visibility能见度clear sky 晴日partly cloudy少云cloudy 多云overcast 阴天blue of the sky 天空蓝度sky condition 天空情况precipitation 降水amount of precipitation 降水量precipitation intensity 降水强度showery precipitation 阵性降水convective precipitation 对流性降水orographic precipitation 地形降水rain 雨rain drop 雨滴rain shadow 雨影glaze 雨凇rain day 雨日rainfall [amount]雨量continuous precipitation连续性降水intermittent precipitation间歇性降水showery rain 阵雨freezing rain冻雨drizzle 毛毛雨light rain毛毛雨moderate rain 中雨heavy rain 大雨torrential rain暴雨local precipitation地方性降水orographic rain地形雨storm 风暴sandstorm, duststorm 沙 [ 尘 ] 暴hail storm 雹暴haze 霾dust 浮尘dew 露frost 霜frost point霜点first frost初霜latest frost 终霜tornado 龙卷dust devil 尘卷风snow 雪sleet 雨夹雪showery snow 阵雪snow crystal 雪晶snowflake 雪花snow grains 米雪snowstorm 雪暴snow cover 积雪snowfall [amount]雪量snow depth 雪深snow day 雪日icing 积冰hail 冰雹thunder 雷thunderstorm 雷暴thunder shower 雷阵雨lightning闪电fog 雾mist 轻雾wet fog湿雾sea fog 海雾ice fog 冰雾frontal fog锋面雾advection fog 平流雾radiation fog辐射雾advection-radiation fog 平流辐射雾mixing fog 混杂雾evaporation fog 蒸发雾supercooled fog 过冷却雾ground fog 地面雾upslope fog 上坡雾air-mass fog 气团雾tropical air fog热带气团雾rime 雾凇graupel 霰percentage of sunshine 日照百分率sunshine duration 日照时数duration of possible sunshine可照时数2.大气探测atmospheric sounding and observing 大气探测meteorological observation 气象察看 surface observation 地面察看visual observation目测background pollution observation 本底污染察看field observation 外场察看conventional observation 惯例察看sounding 探空upper air observation 高空察看aircraft sounding飞机探测rocket sounding 火箭探测radio sounding 无线电探空surface data 地面资料upper air data 高空资料 observation site 察看场 meteorological platform 气象察看平台automatic meteorological station 自动气象站meteorological instrument 气象仪器screen,instrument shelter 百叶箱thermometer 温度表telethermometer 遥测温度表thermograph 温度计geothermometer 地温表surface geothermometer 地面温度表angle geothermometer 曲管地温表 tube-typed geothermometer 直管地温表maximum thermometer 最高温度表minimum thermometer 最低温度表mercury thermometer 水银温度表Lyman- αhygrometer 莱曼-α湿度表bimetallic thermograph 双金属片温度计barograph 气压计aneroid barograph 空盒气压计mountain barograph 顶峰气压计barometer 气压表aneroid barometer 空盒气压表ship-barometer 船用气压表mountain barometer 顶峰气压表pressure altimeter 气压测高表normal barometer 标准气压表mercury barometer 水银气压表Fortin barometer 福丁气压表Kew pattern barometer寇乌气压表hygrograph 湿度计hygrometer 湿度表psychrometer 干湿表aspirated psychrometer 通风干湿表Assmann psychrometer 阿斯曼干湿表dew-point hygrometer 露点湿度表 hairhygrometer 毛发湿度表hair hygrograph 毛发湿度计black and white bulb thermometer 黑白球温度表barothermograph 气压温度计dry-bulb thermometer干球温度表wet-bulb thermometer湿球温度表sunshine recorder 日照计Jordan sunshine recorder 乔唐日照计 Campbell-Stokes sunshine recorder 康培尔 -司托克日照计 pyrheliometer 直接辐射表pyranometer 总辐射表sky radiometer diffusometer 天空辐射表albedometer 反照率表pyranometer 净辐射表evaporograph 蒸发计evaporation pan 小型蒸发器evaporation tank 大型蒸发器standard pan 标准蒸发器ceiling projector云幂灯visibility meter,visiometer能见度表raingauge 雨量器pluviograph,recording raingauge雨量计accumulative raingauge 累计雨量器tilting bucket raingauge 翻斗 [ 式 ]雨量计electric conductivity raingauge 水导 [式 ] 雨量计siphon rainfall recorder 虹吸 [ 式 ]雨量计 rainfall intensity recorder 雨强计 telemeteringpluviograph 遥测雨量计wind vane 风向标anemometer 风速表contact anemometer 电接风速表cup anemometer 转杯风速表propeller anemometer 螺旋桨 [式 ] 风速表anemorumbometer 风向风速表anemograph 风速计meteorological rocket气象火箭sounding rocket 探空火箭weather radar 天气雷达meteorological radar气象雷达lidar 激光雷达sodar, acoustic radar 声 [雷 ] 达Doppler radar 多普勒天气雷达atmospheric remote sensing 大气遥感meteorological satellite 气象卫星synoptic data 天气资料real time data 及时资料radiation transfer equation 辐射传输方程atmospheric transmission model 大气传输模式3.大气物理学atmospheric physics 大气物理 [学 ]cloud physics 云物理学advection 平流convection 对流aerosol 气溶胶cloud droplet-size distribution云滴谱raindrop size distribution雨滴谱fog-drop 雾滴cloud droplet 云滴supercooled cloud droplet过冷云滴drop spectrum 滴谱collision碰撞coagulation 碰并ice crystal 冰晶ice point 冰点condensation 凝固evaporation 蒸发solidification凝固deposition 凝华sublimation升华freezing 冻结condensation nucleus 凝固核salt nucleus 盐核weather modification 人工影响天气cloud dissipation 消云 salt-seeding盐粉播撒frost prevention 防霜artificial precipitation 人工降水cloud cluster 云团tropical cloud cluster 热带云团cloud system 云系comma cloud system 逗点云系banded cloud system 带状云系vortex cloud system 涡旋云系atmospheric radiation 大气辐射solar radiation 太阳辐射solar constant 太阳常数outgoing long-wave radiation, OLR 向外长波辐射visible light 可见光radiation balance 辐射均衡global radiation总辐射direct radiation直接辐射effective radiation有效辐射scattered radiation 散射辐射diffuse radiation漫射辐射sky radiation天空辐射upward [tatal] radiation 向上 [ 全 ]辐射downward [total] radiation 向下 [ 全] 辐射incoming radiation 入射辐射albedo of the earth-atmosphere system 地气系统反照率albedo of underlying surface 下垫面反照率atmospheric counter radiation 大气逆辐射radiance 辐射率albedo 反照率planetary temperature 行星温度atmospheric window大气窗[atmospheric] absorptivity [ 大气 ]汲取率primary scattering一次散射Mie scattering米散射multiple scattering多次散射Rayleigh scattering瑞利散射sky brightness, sky luminance天空亮度atmospheric optical thickness, atmospheric optical depth 大气光学厚度[atmospheric] transparency [ 大气 ]透明度atmospheric optical phenomena 大气光学现象atmospheric turbidity 大气浑浊度mirage 蜃景twilight曙暮光aurora australis 南极光aurora borealis 北极光halo 晕46° halo 46 度晕22° halo 22 度晕solar halo 日晕lunar halo 月晕solar corona 日华lunar corona 月华rainbow虹secondary rainbow 霓corona 华twilight colors霞aurora 极光glory宝光[环]magnetic storm 磁暴4.大气化学atmospheric chemistry 大气化学atmospheric photolysis 大气光解作用atmospheric ozone 大气臭氧atmospheric trace gas 大气痕量气体photochemical reaction 光化反响photochemical smog 光化烟雾precipitation chemistry 降水化学atmospheric background 大气本底 [值 ] atmospheric pollution 大气污染air pollution空气污染primary pollutant原生污染物secondary pollutant 次生污染物atmospheric cleaning 大气净化floating dust飘尘dustfall降尘greenhouse gasses 温室气体atmospheric pollutant 大气污染物smog aerosol 烟雾气溶胶ash cloud 烟灰云smog 烟雾smoke screen 烟幕acid rain 酸雨smoke 烟smoke plume 烟羽plume rise 烟羽抬升fallout沉降物5.动力气象学dynamic meteorology 动力气象学atmospheric thermodynamics 大气热力学sensible heat 感热latent heat 潜热reversible adiabatic process 可逆绝热过程irreversible adiabatic process 不行逆绝热过程moisture inversion 逆湿thermodynamic equation热力学方程temperature inversion 逆温turbulence inversion湍流逆温surface inversion 地面逆温radiation inversion辐射逆温capping inversion 覆盖逆温subsidence inversion 下沉逆温frontal inversion锋面逆温inversion layer逆温层temperature gradient 温度梯度temperature advection 温度平流adiabatic ascending 绝热上涨adiabatic sinking绝热下沉adiabatic cooling绝热冷却adiabatic heating 绝热增温pseudo-adiabatic process 假绝热过程diabatic process 非绝热过程convective condensation level, CCL 对流凝固高度mixing condensation level 混杂凝固高度temperature lapse rate 气温直减率dry adiabatic lapse rate 干绝热直减率moist adiabatic lapse rate 湿绝热直减率condensation level, CL 凝固高度virtual temperature虚温dry adiabatic process 干绝热过程moist adiabatic process 湿绝热过程potential temperature 位温equation of motion运动方程continuity equation连续方程equation of state 状态方程vorticity equation涡度方程divergence equation 散度方程hydrostatic equation 流体静力方程ω-equation ω方程perturbation equation 扰动方程thermal wind equation热成风方程advective equation 平流方程balance equation 均衡方程baroclinic process 斜压过程geostrophic adjustment 地转适应available potential energy有效位能geopotential meter 位势米geopotential height 位势高度inertial instability惯性不稳固free convection level自由对流高度[atmospheric] stability [ 大气 ]稳固度static stability静力稳固度absolute stability绝对稳固absolute instability绝对不稳固neutral stability中性稳固conditional instability 条件 [ 性] 不稳固barotropic instability 正压不稳固baroclinic instability 斜压不稳固latent instability潜伏不稳固conservation of potential vorticity位涡守恒z-coordinate z 坐标p-coordinate p 坐标σ-coordinate σ坐标θ -coordinate 位温坐标convergence 辐合divergence 辐散divergence 散度horizontal divergence水平散度vorticity涡度Rossby wave 罗斯贝波stationary wave 定常波cyclostrophic wind旋衡风gradient wind梯度风thermal wind热成风veering wind顺转风geostrophic wind地转风antitriptic wind摩擦风jet stream 急流northern branch jet stream 北支急流southern branch jet stream 南支急流basic flow 基本气流subtropical jet stream 副热带急流axis of jet stream 急流轴warm advection 暖平流cold advection 冷平流upward flow上涨气流downward flow下沉气流geostrophic motion地转运动quasi-geostrophic motion 准地转运动Ekman layer 埃克曼层Ekman spiral 埃克曼螺线atmospheric circulation 大气环流meridional circulation 经向环流zonal circulation 纬向环流 Hadleycell 哈得来环流 Walker cell 沃克环流direct circulation直接环流indirect circulation 间接环流 [ 圈 ]trade-wind circulation 信风环流circulation cell环流圈local circulation局地环流three-cell [meridional] circulation 三圈经向环流circulation index 环流指数high index 高指数low index 低指数index cycle 指数循环circulation theorem 环流定理Kelvin's theorem of circulation 开尔文环流定理Bjerknes circulation theorem 皮叶克尼斯环流定理cross-equatorial flow 越赤道气流atmospheric center of action 大气活动中心scaling 尺度解析synoptic scale 天气尺度planetary scale 行星尺度meso scale 中尺度mesoscale model 中尺度模式general circulation model, GCM 大气环流模式barotropic model 正压模式baroclinic model 斜压模式6.天气学synoptic meteorology天气学weather 天气synoptic chart天气图weather symbol 天气符号barb 风速羽wind shaft风矢杆wind arrow风矢present weather 此刻天气past weather 过去天气upper air chart 高空 [ 天气 ]图surface chart 地面 [ 天气 ]图isobaric surface 等压面standard isobaric surface, mandatory level 标准等压面contour chart 等压面图rainfall chart雨量图isoline 等值线isotherm 等温线isodrosotherm 等露点线isallotherm等变温线isobar 等压线topographic isobar地形等压线isallobar 等变压线contour line等高线shear line 切变线squall line 飑线pressure field 气压场wind field风场allobaric field变压场anallobaric center 正变压中心katallobaric center负变压中心humidity field湿度场wet tongue 湿舌dry tongue 干舌dry line干线temperature field温度场cold tongue 冷舌warm tongue 暖舌pressure system 气压系统low [pressure], depression 低 [ 气 ]压deepening of a depression 低压加深cold low冷低压warm low暖低压mesoscale low 中尺度低压thermal low热低压cut-off low切断低压orographic depression 地形低压trough 低压槽trough line槽线inverted trough倒槽cold trough 冷槽long-wave trough长波槽East Asia major trough 东亚大槽cyclone 气旋cyclonic circulation气旋性环流cyclonic shear 气旋性切变extratropical cyclone温带气旋cyclone family气旋族occluded cyclone 锢囚气旋cyclogenesis 气旋生成cyclolysis气旋消失cold vortex冷涡warm vortex暖涡permanent depression 永久性低压 semi-permanent depression 半永久性低压Aleutian low 阿留申低压Icelandic low冰岛低压Changjiang-Huaihe cyclone江淮气旋Changjiang-Huaihe shear line江淮切变线South China Sea depression 南海低压Mongolian low蒙古低压Northeast China low 东北低压 mid-tropospheric cyclone 对流层中层气旋Southwest China vortex 西南 [ 低 ]涡 high pressure 高 [ 气 ]压cold high 冷高压warm high暖高压ridge 高压脊ridge line脊线warm ridge 暖脊col pressure field 鞍形气压场high pressure barrier 高压坝deformation field变形场anticyclone 反气旋anticyclonic circulation反气旋环流anticyclonic shear 反气旋切变anticyclogenesis 反气旋生成anticyclolysis反气旋消失permanent high 永久性高压semi-permanent high 半永久性高压subtropical high副热带高压Siberian high 西伯利亚高压South Asia high 南亚高压blocking high 堵塞高压blocking situation 堵塞形势Ural blocking high 乌拉尔山堵塞高压Okhotsk high 鄂霍次克海高压Pacific high 太平洋高压Azores high 亚速尔高压air mass 气团air-mass analysis 气团解析 air-mass source 气团源地 air-mass classification 气团分类 air-mass property 气团属性 air-mass transformation 气团变性 conservative property of air mass 气团守旧性 transformed air mass 变性气团warm air mass 暖气团cold air mass 冷气团arctic air mass 北极气团polar air mass 极地气团tropical air mass 热带气团equatorial air mass 赤道气团continental air mass 大陆气团maritime air mass 海洋气团tropical marine air mass 热带海洋气团front 锋frontal surface 锋面frontal zone锋区frontal slope 锋面坡度warm front暖锋cold front冷锋occluded front锢囚锋cold occluded front冷性锢囚锋warm occluded front 暖性锢囚锋neutral occluded front 中性锢囚锋rapidly moving cold front 快行冷锋slowly moving cold front 慢行冷锋stationary front 静止锋polar front 极锋arctic front 北极锋antarctic front 南极锋surface front 地面锋upper front 高空锋frontal analysis 锋面解析frontal weather 锋面天气warm front cloud system 暖锋云系cold front cloud system 冷锋云系frontal precipitation 锋面降水orographic occluded front地形锢囚锋North China occluded front华北锢囚锋orographic stationary front地形静止锋South China quasi-stationary front华南准静止锋Kunming quasi-stationary front昆明准静止锋Tianshan quasi-stationary front天山准静止锋synoptic analysis 天气解析synoptic situation天气形势synoptic process 天气过程synoptic system 天气系统planetary scale system 行星尺度系统synoptic scale system 天气尺度系统subsynoptic scale system 次天气尺度系统mesoscale system 中尺度系统 microscale system 小尺度系统cold wave 寒潮cold outburst 寒潮迸发intertropocal convergence zone, ITCZ 热带辐合带tropical easterlies jet 热带东风急流tropical high热带高压tropical monsoon热带季风easterly wave 东风波subtropical calms 副热带无风带tropical cyclone热带气旋tropical depression 热带低压tropical storm热带风暴severe tropical storm 强热带风暴typhoon 台风typhoon eye 台风眼storm center 风暴中心Meiyu, plum rain梅雨Meiyu front梅雨锋onset of Meiyu入梅ending of Meiyu出梅Meiyu period梅雨期El Nino厄尔尼诺ENSO恩索La Nina 拉尼娜southern oscillation, SO南方涛动sea surface temperature, SST 海面温度 brave west wind 吼怒西风带quasi-biennial oscillation, QBO 准两年振荡equatorial low 赤道低压equatorial calms 赤道无风带polar vortex极涡polar low极地低压weather forecast 天气预告severe weather warning 危险天气警报urban weather 城市天气foehn effect 焚风效应heat wave 热浪Qinghai-Xizang high青藏高压7.天气学climatology天气学climate 天气climatic element天气因素factors for climatic formation天气形成因子solar climate 太阳天气ideal climate理想天气global climate全世界天气global climate system全世界天气系统urban climate 城市天气indoor climate 室内天气continental climate 大陆性天气marine climate 海洋性天气arid climate 干旱天气semi-arid climate 半干旱天气humid climate 湿润天气warm-wet climate 湿热天气mountain climate 山地天气plateau climate 高原天气vertical climatic zone垂直天气带diurnal variation日变化departure 距平diurnal range 日较差annual range 年较差annual mean 年均匀annual amount 年总量season 季节seasonality 季节性frost peroid 霜期frost day 霜日rainy season 雨季hot season 热季cool season 凉季continentality大陆度oceanity 海洋度air-sea interaction 海气互相作用water cycle 水循环dry season 干季dry spell 干期aridity干燥度moisture index湿润度greenhouse effect 温室效应heat island effect 热岛效应heat sink 热汇heat source 热源heat balance 热量均衡pentad 候wind rose 风玫瑰图wind vector风矢量average wind velocity均匀风速resultant wind合成风firn永久积雪firn line永久雪线isohel 等日照线planetary wind system 行星风系trade winds 信风temperate westerlies 温带西风带monsoon 季风summer monsoon 夏天风winter monsoon冬季风East Asian monsoon 东亚季风plateau monsoon 高原季风monsoon burst 季风迸发monsoon onset 季风建立monsoon depression 季风低压monsoon circulation季风环流monsoon climate 季风天气monsoon region 季风区monsoon index 季风指数break monsoon 季风中断climatic type天气型climatic classification 天气分类climate regionalization 天气区划climatic region 天气区climatic belt, climaic zone天气带polar climate 极地天气subarctic climate 副极地天气temperate climate 温带天气subtropical climate 副热带天气tropical climate 热带天气equatorial climate 赤道天气K?ppen's climate classification 柯本天气分类tropical climate A 热带天气类tropical rainy climate 热带常湿天气亚类tropical winter dry climate 热带冬干天气亚类tropical monsoon rain climate 热带季风雨天气亚类arid climate 干燥天气类steppe climate 草原天气亚类desert climate 沙漠天气亚类winter moderate climate 冬温天气类winter moderate and winter dry climate 冬温冬干天气亚类winter moderate and summer dry climate 冬温夏干天气亚类winter moderate and rainy climate 冬温常湿天气亚类winter cold climate 冬冷天气类winter cold and rainy climate 冬寒常湿天气亚类winter cold and winter dry climate 冬严冬干天气亚类polar climate 极地天气类tundra climate 苔原天气亚类perpetual frost climate 永冻天气亚类Thornthwaite's climatic classification 桑思韦特天气分类climatic analysis 天气解析climatic data 天气资料climatic statistics 天气统计climate resources 天气资源climatic probability 天气概率climatic variability 天气变率interannual variability 年际变率nuclear winter 核冬季climatic variation 天气变迁climatic change 天气变化climatic oscillation 天气振荡climatic fluctuation 天气振动climatic revolution 天气演变climatic reconstruction 天气重修climate periodicity 天气周期性teleconnection 遥相关abrupt change of climate 天气突变climatic deterioration 天气恶化climatic trend 天气趋向climatic adaptation, acclimatization 天气适应climatic impact 天气影响climatic anomaly 天气异常climatic prediction 天气展望climate damage 天气灾祸wind energy potential 风能潜力climatic feedback mechanism 天气反响体系solar energy resources 太阳能资源historical climate 历史天气ice age 冰期little ice age 小冰期interglacial period 间冰期post-glacial climate 冰后期天气Quaternary climate 第四纪天气climate modification 人工影响天气duration of frost-free period 无霜期08. 应用气象学evapotranspiration 蒸散transpiration 蒸腾potential evapotranspiration 潜伏蒸散soil water balance 土壤水分均衡soil water content 土壤含水量surface temperature 地面温度ground temperature 地温soil temperature 土壤温度active temperature 活动温度effective temperature 有效温度optimum temperature 最适温度accumulated temperature 积温active accumulated temperature 活动积温effective accumulated temperature 有效积温agricultural threshold temperature农业界限温度frozen soil冻土light resources 光资源heat resources 热量资源agrometeorological model 农业气象模式twenty-four solar terms 二十四节气agrometeorological hazard 农业气象灾祸dry hot wind 干热风late spring cold 倒春寒freezing injury 冻害frost injury 霜冻wet damage 湿害hot damage 热害cool damage 冷害wind damage 风害chilling injury 寒害snow damage 雪灾hail damage 雹灾drought damage 旱灾drought 干旱sensible temperature 感觉温度wind-chill index 风寒指数comfort index 酣畅指数。
气象常用专业英语词汇
主题词表English Chinese01. 大气atmospheric science 大气科学meteorology 气象学atmosphere 大气atmospheric impurity 大气杂质atmospheric suspended matter 大气悬浮物atmospheric composition 大气成分atmospheric mass 大气质量atmospheric density 大气密度atmospheric subdivision 大气分层homosphere 均质层heterosphere 非均质层standard [pressure] level 标准层isothermal layer 等温层lower atmosphere 低层大气middle atmosphere 中层大气upper atmosphere 高层大气troposphere 对流层tropopause 对流层顶stratosphere 平流层stratopause 平流层顶mesosphere 中间层mesopause 中间层顶thermosphere 热层exosphere 外[逸]层ionosphere 电离层magnetosphere 磁层ozonosphere 臭氧层free atmosphere 自由大气planetary atmosphere 行星大气standard atmosphere(reference atmosphere) 标准大气（参考大气）homogeneous atmosphere 均质大气isothermal atmosphere 等温大气polytropic atmosphere 多元大气scale height 大气标高meteorological element 气象要素air temperature 气温wet-bulb temperature 湿球温度dry-bulb temperature 干球温度atmospheric pressure 气压standard atmosphere pressure 标准大气压station pressure 本站气压sea-level pressure 海平面气压pressure gradient 气压梯度barometric height formula 压高公式pressure gradient force 气压梯度力Coriolis force 科里奥利力water vapor 水[蒸]汽water vapor pressure 水汽压humidity 湿度relative humidity 相对湿度absolute humidity 绝对湿度specific humidity 比湿mixing ratio 混合比dew point [temperature] 露点(温度) depression of the dew point （温度）露点差super-saturated air 过饱和空气saturation specific humidity 饱和比湿saturation vapor pressure 饱和水汽压saturation deficit 饱和差cloud 云low cloud 低云middle cloud 中云high cloud 高云cloud amount 云量cloud height 云高cloud genera 云属cloud etage 云族cloud species 云种cloud variety 云类cloud form 云状cirrus, Ci 卷云cirrostratus, Cs 卷层云cirrocumulus, Cc 卷积云altocumulus, Ac 高积云altostratus, As 高层云cumulus, Cu 积云cumulus humilis, Cu hum 淡积云cumulus congestus, Cu con 浓积云cumulonimbus, Cb 积雨云cumulus fractus, Cu fra 碎积云stratocumulus, Sc 层积云stratus, St 层云nimbostratus, Ns 雨层云stratiform cloud 层状云cumuliform cloud 积状云cold cloud 冷云warm cloud 暖云ice cloud 冰云wind 风wind direction 风向wind speed, wind velocity 风速maximum wind speed 最大风速extreme wind speed 极大风速wind speed profile 风速廓线wind force 风力wind force scale 风级Beaufort [wind] scale 蒲福风级calm 0级风light air 1级风light breeze 2级风gentle breeze 3级风moderate breeze 4级风fresh breeze 5级风strong breeze 6级风near gale 7级风gale 8级风strong gale 9级风storm 10级风violent storm 11级风hurricane 12级风gust 阵风local wind 地方性风surface wind 地面风foehn 焚风mountain-valley breeze 山谷风sea-land breeze 海陆风on-shore wind 向岸风off-shore wind 离岸风gorge wind 峡谷风predominant wind direction 主导风向prevailing wind 盛行风wind pressure 风压wind energy 风能wind energy resources 风能资源wind energy rose 风能玫瑰[图] visibility 能见度clear sky 晴天partly cloudy 少云cloudy 多云overcast 阴天blue of the sky 天空蓝度sky condition 天空状况precipitation 降水amount of precipitation 降水量precipitation intensity 降水强度showery precipitation 阵性降水convective precipitation 对流性降水orographic precipitation 地形降水rain 雨rain drop 雨滴rain shadow 雨影glaze 雨凇rain day 雨日rainfall [amount] 雨量continuous precipitation 连续性降水intermittent precipitation 间歇性降水showery rain 阵雨freezing rain 冻雨drizzle 毛毛雨light rain 小雨moderate rain 中雨heavy rain 大雨torrential rain 暴雨local precipitation 地方性降水orographic rain 地形雨storm 风暴sandstorm, duststorm 沙[尘]暴hail storm 雹暴haze 霾dust 浮尘dew 露frost 霜frost point 霜点first frost 初霜latest frost 终霜tornado 龙卷dust devil 尘卷风snow 雪sleet 雨夹雪showery snow 阵雪snow crystal 雪晶snowflake 雪花snow grains 米雪snowstorm 雪暴snow cover 积雪snowfall [amount] 雪量snow depth 雪深snow day 雪日icing 积冰hail 冰雹thunder 雷thunderstorm 雷暴thunder shower 雷阵雨lightning 闪电fog 雾mist 轻雾wet fog 湿雾sea fog 海雾ice fog 冰雾frontal fog 锋面雾advection fog 平流雾radiation fog 辐射雾advection-radiation fog 平流辐射雾mixing fog 混合雾evaporation fog 蒸发雾supercooled fog 过冷却雾ground fog 地面雾upslope fog 上坡雾air-mass fog 气团雾tropical air fog 热带气团雾rime 雾凇graupel 霰percentage of sunshine 日照百分率sunshine duration 日照时数duration of possible sunshine 可照时数02. 大气探测atmospheric sounding and observing 大气探测meteorological observation 气象观测surface observation 地面观测visual observation 目测background pollution observation 本底污染观测field observation 外场观测conventional observation 常规观测sounding 探空upper air observation 高空观测aircraft sounding 飞机探测rocket sounding 火箭探测radio sounding 无线电探空surface data 地面资料upper air data 高空资料observation site 观测场meteorological platform 气象观测平台automatic meteorological station 自动气象站meteorological instrument 气象仪器screen,instrument shelter 百叶箱thermometer 温度表telethermometer 遥测温度表thermograph 温度计geothermometer 地温表surface geothermometer 地面温度表angle geothermometer 曲管地温表tube-typed geothermometer 直管地温表maximum thermometer 最高温度表minimum thermometer 最低温度表mercury thermometer 水银温度表Lyman-αhygrometer 莱曼-α湿度表bimetallic thermograph 双金属片温度计barograph 气压计aneroid barograph 空盒气压计mountain barograph 高山气压计barometer 气压表aneroid barometer 空盒气压表ship-barometer 船用气压表mountain barometer 高山气压表pressure altimeter 气压测高表normal barometer 标准气压表mercury barometer 水银气压表Fortin barometer 福丁气压表Kew pattern barometer 寇乌气压表hygrograph 湿度计hygrometer 湿度表psychrometer 干湿表aspirated psychrometer 通风干湿表Assmann psychrometer 阿斯曼干湿表dew-point hygrometer 露点湿度表hair hygrometer 毛发湿度表hair hygrograph 毛发湿度计black and white bulb thermometer 黑白球温度表barothermograph 气压温度计dry-bulb thermometer 干球温度表wet-bulb thermometer 湿球温度表sunshine recorder 日照计Jordan sunshine recorder 乔唐日照计Campbell-Stokes sunshine recorder 康培尔-司托克日照计pyrheliometer 直接辐射表pyranometer 总辐射表sky radiometer diffusometer 天空辐射表albedometer 反照率表pyranometer 净辐射表evaporograph 蒸发计evaporation pan 小型蒸发器evaporation tank 大型蒸发器standard pan 标准蒸发器ceiling projector 云幂灯visibility meter,visiometer 能见度表raingauge 雨量器pluviograph,recording raingauge 雨量计accumulative raingauge 累计雨量器tilting bucket raingauge 翻斗[式]雨量计electric conductivity raingauge 水导[式]雨量计siphon rainfall recorder 虹吸[式]雨量计rainfall intensity recorder 雨强计telemetering pluviograph 遥测雨量计wind vane 风向标anemometer 风速表contact anemometer 电接风速表cup anemometer 转杯风速表propeller anemometer 螺旋桨[式]风速表anemorumbometer 风向风速表anemograph 风速计meteorological rocket 气象火箭sounding rocket 探空火箭weather radar 天气雷达meteorological radar 气象雷达lidar 激光雷达sodar, acoustic radar 声[雷]达Doppler radar 多普勒天气雷达atmospheric remote sensing 大气遥感meteorological satellite 气象卫星synoptic data 天气资料real time data 实时资料radiation transfer equation 辐射传输方程atmospheric transmission model 大气传输模式03. 大气物理学atmospheric physics 大气物理[学]cloud physics 云物理学advection 平流convection 对流aerosol 气溶胶cloud droplet-size distribution 云滴谱raindrop size distribution 雨滴谱fog-drop 雾滴cloud droplet 云滴supercooled cloud droplet 过冷云滴drop spectrum 滴谱collision 碰撞coagulation 碰并ice crystal 冰晶ice point 冰点condensation 凝结evaporation 蒸发solidification 凝固deposition 凝华sublimation 升华freezing 冻结condensation nucleus 凝结核salt nucleus 盐核weather modification 人工影响天气cloud dissipation 消云salt-seeding 盐粉播撒frost prevention 防霜artificial precipitation 人工降水cloud cluster 云团tropical cloud cluster 热带云团cloud system 云系comma cloud system 逗点云系banded cloud system 带状云系vortex cloud system 涡旋云系atmospheric radiation 大气辐射solar radiation 太阳辐射solar constant 太阳常数outgoing long-wave radiation, OLR 向外长波辐射visible light 可见光radiation balance 辐射平衡global radiation 总辐射direct radiation 直接辐射effective radiation 有效辐射scattered radiation 散射辐射diffuse radiation 漫射辐射sky radiation 天空辐射upward [tatal] radiation 向上[全]辐射downward [total] radiation 向下[全]辐射incoming radiation 入射辐射albedo of the earth-atmosphere system 地气系统反照率albedo of underlying surface 下垫面反照率atmospheric counter radiation 大气逆辐射radiance 辐射率albedo 反照率planetary temperature 行星温度atmospheric window 大气窗[atmospheric] absorptivity [大气]吸收率primary scattering 一次散射Mie scattering 米散射multiple scattering 多次散射Rayleigh scattering 瑞利散射sky brightness, sky luminance 天空亮度atmospheric optical thickness, atmospheric optical depth 大气光学厚度[atmospheric] transparency [大气]透明度atmospheric optical phenomena 大气光学现象atmospheric turbidity 大气浑浊度mirage 蜃景twilight 曙暮光aurora australis 南极光aurora borealis 北极光halo 晕46°halo 46度晕22°halo 22度晕solar halo 日晕lunar halo 月晕solar corona 日华lunar corona 月华rainbow 虹secondary rainbow 霓corona 华twilight colors 霞aurora 极光glory 宝光[环]magnetic storm 磁暴04. 大气化学atmospheric chemistry 大气化学atmospheric photolysis 大气光解作用atmospheric ozone 大气臭氧atmospheric trace gas 大气痕量气体photochemical reaction 光化反应photochemical smog 光化烟雾precipitation chemistry 降水化学atmospheric background 大气本底[值] atmospheric pollution 大气污染air pollution 空气污染primary pollutant 原生污染物secondary pollutant 次生污染物atmospheric cleaning 大气净化floating dust 飘尘dustfall 降尘greenhouse gasses 温室气体atmospheric pollutant 大气污染物smog aerosol 烟雾气溶胶ash cloud 烟灰云smog 烟雾smoke screen 烟幕acid rain 酸雨smoke 烟smoke plume 烟羽plume rise 烟羽抬升fallout 沉降物05. 动力气象学dynamic meteorology 动力气象学atmospheric thermodynamics 大气热力学sensible heat 感热latent heat 潜热reversible adiabatic process 可逆绝热过程irreversible adiabatic process 不可逆绝热过程moisture inversion 逆湿thermodynamic equation 热力学方程temperature inversion 逆温turbulence inversion 湍流逆温surface inversion 地面逆温radiation inversion 辐射逆温capping inversion 覆盖逆温subsidence inversion 下沉逆温frontal inversion 锋面逆温inversion layer 逆温层temperature gradient 温度梯度temperature advection 温度平流adiabatic ascending 绝热上升adiabatic sinking 绝热下沉adiabatic cooling 绝热冷却adiabatic heating 绝热增温pseudo-adiabatic process 假绝热过程diabatic process 非绝热过程convective condensation level, CCL 对流凝结高度mixing condensation level 混合凝结高度temperature lapse rate 气温直减率dry adiabatic lapse rate 干绝热直减率moist adiabatic lapse rate 湿绝热直减率condensation level, CL 凝结高度virtual temperature 虚温dry adiabatic process 干绝热过程moist adiabatic process 湿绝热过程potential temperature 位温equation of motion 运动方程continuity equation 连续方程equation of state 状态方程vorticity equation 涡度方程divergence equation 散度方程hydrostatic equation 流体静力方程ω-equation ω方程perturbation equation 扰动方程thermal wind equation 热成风方程advective equation 平流方程balance equation 平衡方程baroclinic process 斜压过程geostrophic adjustment 地转适应available potential energy 有效位能geopotential meter 位势米geopotential height 位势高度inertial instability 惯性不稳定free convection level 自由对流高度[atmospheric] stability [大气]稳定度static stability 静力稳定度absolute stability 绝对稳定absolute instability 绝对不稳定neutral stability 中性稳定conditional instability 条件[性]不稳定barotropic instability 正压不稳定baroclinic instability 斜压不稳定latent instability 潜在不稳定conservation of potential vorticity 位涡守恒z-coordinate z坐标p-coordinate p坐标σ-coordinate σ坐标θ-coordinate 位温坐标convergence 辐合divergence 辐散divergence 散度horizontal divergence 水平散度vorticity 涡度Rossby wave 罗斯贝波stationary wave 定常波cyclostrophic wind 旋衡风gradient wind 梯度风thermal wind 热成风veering wind 顺转风geostrophic wind 地转风antitriptic wind 摩擦风jet stream 急流northern branch jet stream 北支急流southern branch jet stream 南支急流basic flow 基本气流subtropical jet stream 副热带急流axis of jet stream 急流轴warm advection 暖平流cold advection 冷平流upward flow 上升气流downward flow 下沉气流geostrophic motion 地转运动quasi-geostrophic motion 准地转运动Ekman layer 埃克曼层Ekman spiral 埃克曼螺线atmospheric circulation 大气环流meridional circulation 经向环流zonal circulation 纬向环流Hadley cell 哈得来环流Walker cell 沃克环流direct circulation 直接环流indirect circulation 间接环流[圈]trade-wind circulation 信风环流circulation cell 环流圈local circulation 局地环流three-cell [meridional] circulation 三圈经向环流circulation index 环流指数high index 高指数low index 低指数index cycle 指数循环circulation theorem 环流定理Kelvin's theorem of circulation 开尔文环流定理Bjerknes circulation theorem 皮叶克尼斯环流定理cross-equatorial flow 越赤道气流atmospheric center of action 大气活动中心scaling 尺度分析synoptic scale 天气尺度planetary scale 行星尺度meso scale 中尺度mesoscale model 中尺度模式general circulation model, GCM 大气环流模式barotropic model 正压模式baroclinic model 斜压模式06. 天气学synoptic meteorology 天气学weather 天气synoptic chart 天气图weather symbol 天气符号barb 风速羽wind shaft 风矢杆wind arrow 风矢present weather 现在天气past weather 过去天气upper air chart 高空[天气]图surface chart 地面[天气]图isobaric surface 等压面standard isobaric surface, mandatory level 标准等压面contour chart 等压面图rainfall chart 雨量图isoline 等值线isotherm 等温线isodrosotherm 等露点线isallotherm 等变温线isobar 等压线topographic isobar 地形等压线isallobar 等变压线contour line 等高线shear line 切变线squall line 飑线pressure field 气压场wind field 风场allobaric field 变压场anallobaric center 正变压中心katallobaric center 负变压中心humidity field 湿度场wet tongue 湿舌dry tongue 干舌dry line 干线temperature field 温度场cold tongue 冷舌warm tongue 暖舌pressure system 气压系统low [pressure], depression 低[气]压deepening of a depression 低压加深cold low 冷低压warm low 暖低压mesoscale low 中尺度低压thermal low 热低压cut-off low 切断低压orographic depression 地形低压trough 低压槽trough line 槽线inverted trough 倒槽cold trough 冷槽long-wave trough 长波槽East Asia major trough 东亚大槽cyclone 气旋cyclonic circulation 气旋性环流cyclonic shear 气旋性切变extratropical cyclone 温带气旋cyclone family 气旋族occluded cyclone 锢囚气旋cyclogenesis 气旋生成cyclolysis 气旋消散cold vortex 冷涡warm vortex 暖涡permanent depression 永久性低压semi-permanent depression 半永久性低压Aleutian low 阿留申低压Icelandic low 冰岛低压Changjiang-Huaihe cyclone 江淮气旋Changjiang-Huaihe shear line 江淮切变线South China Sea depression 南海低压Mongolian low 蒙古低压Northeast China low 东北低压mid-tropospheric cyclone 对流层中层气旋Southwest China vortex 西南[低]涡high pressure 高[气]压cold high 冷高压warm high 暖高压ridge 高压脊ridge line 脊线warm ridge 暖脊col pressure field 鞍形气压场high pressure barrier 高压坝deformation field 变形场anticyclone 反气旋anticyclonic circulation 反气旋环流anticyclonic shear 反气旋切变anticyclogenesis 反气旋生成anticyclolysis 反气旋消散permanent high 永久性高压semi-permanent high 半永久性高压subtropical high 副热带高压Siberian high 西伯利亚高压South Asia high 南亚高压blocking high 阻塞高压blocking situation 阻塞形势Ural blocking high 乌拉尔山阻塞高压Okhotsk high 鄂霍次克海高压Pacific high 太平洋高压Azores high 亚速尔高压air mass 气团air-mass analysis 气团分析air-mass source 气团源地air-mass classification 气团分类air-mass property 气团属性air-mass transformation 气团变性conservative property of air mass 气团保守性transformed air mass 变性气团warm air mass 暖气团cold air mass 冷气团arctic air mass 北极气团polar air mass 极地气团tropical air mass 热带气团equatorial air mass 赤道气团continental air mass 大陆气团maritime air mass 海洋气团tropical marine air mass 热带海洋气团front 锋frontal surface 锋面frontal zone 锋区frontal slope 锋面坡度warm front 暖锋cold front 冷锋occluded front 锢囚锋cold occluded front 冷性锢囚锋warm occluded front 暖性锢囚锋neutral occluded front 中性锢囚锋rapidly moving cold front 快行冷锋slowly moving cold front 慢行冷锋stationary front 静止锋polar front 极锋arctic front 北极锋antarctic front 南极锋surface front 地面锋upper front 高空锋frontal analysis 锋面分析frontal weather 锋面天气warm front cloud system 暖锋云系cold front cloud system 冷锋云系frontal precipitation 锋面降水orographic occluded front 地形锢囚锋North China occluded front 华北锢囚锋orographic stationary front 地形静止锋South China quasi-stationary front 华南准静止锋Kunming quasi-stationary front 昆明准静止锋Tianshan quasi-stationary front 天山准静止锋synoptic analysis 天气分析synoptic situation 天气形势synoptic process 天气过程synoptic system 天气系统planetary scale system 行星尺度系统synoptic scale system 天气尺度系统subsynoptic scale system 次天气尺度系统mesoscale system 中尺度系统microscale system 小尺度系统cold wave 寒潮cold outburst 寒潮爆发intertropocal convergence zone, ITCZ 热带辐合带tropical easterlies jet 热带东风急流tropical high 热带高压tropical monsoon 热带季风easterly wave 东风波subtropical calms 副热带无风带tropical cyclone 热带气旋tropical depression 热带低压tropical storm 热带风暴severe tropical storm 强热带风暴typhoon 台风typhoon eye 台风眼storm center 风暴中心Meiyu, plum rain 梅雨Meiyu front 梅雨锋onset of Meiyu 入梅ending of Meiyu 出梅Meiyu period 梅雨期El Nino 厄尔尼诺ENSO 恩索La Nina 拉尼娜southern oscillation, SO 南方涛动sea surface temperature, SST 海面温度brave west wind 咆哮西风带quasi-biennial oscillation, QBO 准两年振荡equatorial low 赤道低压equatorial calms 赤道无风带polar vortex 极涡polar low 极地低压weather forecast 天气预报severe weather warning 危险天气警报urban weather 城市天气foehn effect 焚风效应heat wave 热浪Qinghai-Xizang high 青藏高压07. 气候学climatology 气候学climate 气候climatic element 气候要素factors for climatic formation 气候形成因子solar climate 太阳气候ideal climate 理想气候global climate 全球气候global climate system 全球气候系统urban climate 城市气候indoor climate 室内气候continental climate 大陆性气候marine climate 海洋性气候arid climate 干旱气候semi-arid climate 半干旱气候humid climate 湿润气候warm-wet climate 湿热气候mountain climate 山地气候plateau climate 高原气候vertical climatic zone 垂直气候带diurnal variation 日变化departure 距平diurnal range 日较差annual range 年较差annual mean 年平均annual amount 年总量season 季节seasonality 季节性frost peroid 霜期frost day 霜日rainy season 雨季hot season 热季cool season 凉季continentality 大陆度oceanity 海洋度air-sea interaction 海气相互作用water cycle 水循环dry season 干季dry spell 干期aridity 干燥度moisture index 湿润度greenhouse effect 温室效应heat island effect 热岛效应heat sink 热汇heat source 热源heat balance 热量平衡pentad 候wind rose 风玫瑰图wind vector 风矢量average wind velocity 平均风速resultant wind 合成风firn 永久积雪firn line 永久雪线isohel 等日照线planetary wind system 行星风系trade winds 信风temperate westerlies 温带西风带monsoon 季风summer monsoon 夏季风winter monsoon 冬季风East Asian monsoon 东亚季风plateau monsoon 高原季风monsoon burst 季风爆发monsoon onset 季风建立monsoon depression 季风低压monsoon circulation 季风环流monsoon climate 季风气候monsoon region 季风区monsoon index 季风指数break monsoon 季风中断climatic type 气候型climatic classification 气候分类climate regionalization 气候区划climatic region 气候区climatic belt, climaic zone 气候带polar climate 极地气候subarctic climate 副极地气候temperate climate 温带气候subtropical climate 副热带气候tropical climate 热带气候equatorial climate 赤道气候K?ppen's climate classification 柯本气候分类tropical climate A 热带气候类tropical rainy climate 热带常湿气候亚类tropical winter dry climate 热带冬干气候亚类tropical monsoon rain climate 热带季风雨气候亚类arid climate 干燥气候类steppe climate 草原气候亚类desert climate 沙漠气候亚类winter moderate climate 冬温气候类winter moderate and winter dry climate 冬温冬干气候亚类winter moderate and summer dry climate 冬温夏干气候亚类winter moderate and rainy climate 冬温常湿气候亚类winter cold climate 冬寒气候类winter cold and rainy climate 冬寒常湿气候亚类winter cold and winter dry climate 冬寒冬干气候亚类polar climate 极地气候类tundra climate 苔原气候亚类perpetual frost climate 永冻气候亚类Thornthwaite's climatic classification 桑思韦特气候分类climatic analysis 气候分析climatic data 气候资料climatic statistics 气候统计climate resources 气候资源climatic probability 气候概率climatic variability 气候变率interannual variability 年际变率nuclear winter 核冬天climatic variation 气候变迁climatic change 气候变化climatic oscillation 气候振荡climatic fluctuation 气候振动climatic revolution 气候演变climatic reconstruction 气候重建climate periodicity 气候周期性teleconnection 遥相关abrupt change of climate 气候突变climatic deterioration 气候恶化climatic trend 气候趋势climatic adaptation, acclimatization 气候适应climatic impact 气候影响climatic anomaly 气候异常climatic prediction 气候预测climate damage 气候灾害climatic feedback mechanism 气候反馈机制historical climate 历史气候ice age 冰期little ice age 小冰期interglacial period 间冰期post-glacial climate 冰后期气候Quaternary climate 第四纪气候climate modification 人工影响气候duration of frost-free period 无霜期08. 应用气象学evapotranspiration 蒸散transpiration 蒸腾potential evapotranspiration 潜在蒸散soil water balance 土壤水分平衡soil water content 土壤含水量surface temperature 地面温度ground temperature 地温soil temperature 土壤温度active temperature 活动温度effective temperature 有效温度optimum temperature 最适温度accumulated temperature 积温active accumulated temperature 活动积温effective accumulated temperature 有效积温agricultural threshold temperature 农业界限温度frozen soil 冻土light resources 光资源heat resources 热量资源agrometeorological model 农业气象模式twenty-four solar terms 二十四节气agrometeorological hazard 农业气象灾害dry hot wind 干热风late spring cold 倒春寒freezing injury 冻害frost injury 霜冻wet damage 湿害hot damage 热害cool damage 冷害wind damage 风害chilling injury 寒害snow damage 雪灾hail damage 雹灾drought damage 旱灾drought 干旱sensible temperature 感觉温度wind-chill index 风寒指数comfort index 舒适指数wind energy potential 风能潜力solar energy resources 太阳能资源。
气象专业英语词汇
主题辞表English Chinese01.大气atmospheric science大气科学meteorology气象学theoretical meteorology理论气象学mesometeorology 中尺度气象学micrometeorology 微气象学 physical meteorology 物理气象学atmosphere 大气evolution of atmosphere大气演化atmospheric impurity大气杂质atmospheric suspended matter大气悬浮物atmospheric diffusion大气扩散atmospheric composition大气成分atmospheric ion 大气离子atmospheric mass大气质量air quality大气品位atmospheric density大气密度atmospheric subdivision大气分层homosphere 均质层heterosphere非均质层homopause 均质层顶significant level特征层standard [pressure] level标准层isothermal layer等温层lower atmosphere低层大气middle atmosphere中层大气upper atmosphere高层大气troposphere对流层tropopause对流层顶stratosphere平流层stratopause平流层顶mesosphere 中间层mesopause 中间层顶thermosphere 热层exosphere 外[ 逸] 层ionosphere电离层magnetosphere 磁层magnetopause 磁层顶chemosphere 光化层chemopause 光化层顶ozonosphere臭氧层free atmosphere自由大气planetary atmosphere行星大气standard atmosphere(reference atmosphere)标准大气（参照大气）homogeneous atmosphere 均质大气isothermal atmosphere等温大气polytropic atmosphere多元大气scale height大气标高meteorological element气象因素air temperature气温wet-bulb temperature湿球温度dry-bulb temperature干球温度temperature profile温度廓线atmospheric pressure气压standard atmosphere pressure标准大气压station pressure本站气压sea-level pressure海平面气压pressure gradient气压梯度barometric height formula压高公式pressure gradient force气压梯度力Coriolis force科里奥利力water vapor水[蒸]汽transfer of water vapor水汽输送water vapor profile水汽廓线water vapor pressure水汽压humidity 湿度relative humidity相对湿度absolute humidity绝对湿度specific humidity比湿mixing ratio混淆比dew point [temperature]露点( 温度 ) depression of the dew point（温度）露点差super-saturated air过饱和空气saturation specific humidity饱和比湿saturation vapor pressure饱和水汽压psychrometric formula测湿公式saturation deficit饱和差international cloud atlas国际云图cloud 云low cloud 低云middle cloud中云high cloud高云cloud base云底cloud top 云顶cloud ceiling云幂cloud amount 云量total cloud cover总云量cloud with vertical development直展云cloud height云高cloud genera云属cloud etage云族cloud species云种cloud variety云类cloud form云状cirrus, Ci卷云cirrus fibratus, Ci fib毛卷云cirrus spissatus, Ci spi密卷云cirrus uncinus, Ci unc钩卷云cirrostratus, Cs卷层云cirrostratus fibratus, Cs fib毛卷层云cirrostratus nebulosus, Cs neb薄幕卷层云cirrocumulus, Cc卷积云altocumulus, Ac高积云altocumulus translucidus, Ac tr透光高积云altocumulus opacus, Ac op蔽光高积云altocumulus lenticularis, Ac len荚状高积云altocumulus cumulogenitus, Ac cug积云性高积云altocumulus floccus絮状高积云altocumulus castellanus, Ac cas堡状高积云altostratus, As高层云altostratus translucidus, As tr透光高层云altostratus opacus, As op蔽光高层云cumulus, Cu 积云cumulus humilis, Cu hum淡积云cumulus mediocris, Cu med中展积云cumulus fractus, Cu fra碎积云cumulus congestus, Cu con浓积云cumulonimbus, Cb积雨云cumulonimbus calvus, Cb cal秃积雨云cumulonimbus capillatus, Cb cap鬃积雨云stratocumulus, Sc层积云stratocumulus translucidus, Sc tr透光层积云stratocumulus opacus, Sc op蔽光层积云stratocumulus cumulogenitus, Sc cug积云性层积云stratocumulus castellanus, Sc cas堡状层积云stratocumulus lenticularis, Sc len荚状层积云stratus, St层云stratus fractus, St fra碎层云nimbostratus, Ns雨层云stratiform cloud层状云cumuliform cloud积状云fracto-nimbus,Fn碎雨云chaotic sky杂乱天空cold cloud冷云warm cloud暖云ice cloud 冰云water cloud水云hail cloud [冰] 雹云wind 风wind direction风向wind speed, wind velocity风速maximum wind speed 最狂风速extreme wind speed极狂风速wind speed profile风速廓线horizontal wind vector水平风矢量wind force风力wind force scale风级Beaufort [wind] scale蒲福风级calm 0 级风light air 1级风light breeze 2级风gentle breeze 3级风moderate breeze 4 级风fresh breeze 5级风strong breeze 6级风near gale 7级风gale 8 级风strong gale 9级风storm 10 级风violent storm 11级风hurricane 12级风gust 阵风local wind地方性风surface wind地面风foehn 焚风mountain-valley breeze山谷风sea-land breeze海陆风on-shore wind向岸风off-shore wind离岸风gorge wind峡谷风slope wind坡风glacier breeze冰川风drainage wind流泄风visibility能见度effective visibility有效能见度visual range of light灯光能见距离surface visibility地面能见度horizontal visibility水平能见度vertical visibility垂直能见度slant visibility倾斜能见度meteor大气现象weather phenomenon 天气现象clear sky 晴日partly cloudy少云cloudy多云overcast阴天blue of the sky天空蓝度apparent form of the sky天穹形状state of ground地面状态sky condition天空状况precipitation降水amount of precipitation降水量precipitation intensity降水强度showery precipitation阵性降水convective precipitation对流性降水non-convective precipitation非对流性降水orographic precipitation地形降水rain 雨rain virga雨幡rain drop 雨滴rain shadow雨影glaze 雨凇rain day雨日rainfall [amount]雨量continuous precipitation连续性降水intermittent precipitation间歇性降水showery rain阵雨freezing rain冻雨drizzle 毛毛雨light rain毛毛雨moderate rain中雨heavy rain大雨torrential rain暴雨local precipitation地方性降水orographic rain地形雨storm 风暴sandstorm, duststorm沙[尘]暴hail storm雹暴haze 霾haze aloft高空霾dust 浮尘blowing sand高吹沙drifting sand低吹沙dew 露frost 霜frost point霜点first frost初霜latest frost终霜tornado 龙卷dust devil尘卷风squall 飑snow 雪snow virga雪幡sleet 雨夹雪showery snow阵雪snow crystal雪晶snowflake 雪花snow grains米雪snowstorm 雪暴driven snow吹雪drifting snow低吹雪blowing snow高吹雪snow cover积雪snowfall [amount]雪量snow depth雪深snow day 雪日icing 积冰wire icing电线积冰hail 冰雹hailstone雹块天气观察ice pellet冰丸surface observation地面观察thunder雷visual observation目测thunderstorm雷暴background pollution observation本底thunder shower雷阵雨污染观察orographic thunderstorm地形雷暴field observation外场观察thunderstorm cell雷暴单体conventional observation惯例观察atmospherics天电non-conventional observation特别规观lightning闪电测lightning channel闪电通道ship observation船舶观察forked lightning叉状闪电fixed point observation定点观察sheet lightning片状闪电space-based observation空基观察ball lightning球状闪电ground-based observation地基观察streak lightning条状闪电mountain observation 山地观察pearl-necklace lightning串珠状闪电sounding 探空fog雾upper air observation高空观察mist轻雾auxiliary ship observation, ASO协助船wet fog湿雾舶观察sea fog海雾aircraft sounding飞机探测ice fog冰雾rocket sounding火箭探测frontal fog锋面雾radio sounding无线电探空advection fog平流雾captive balloon sounding系留气球探测radiation fog辐射雾pilot balloon observation测民风球观察advection-radiation fog平流辐射雾radiowind observation无线电测风观察mixing fog混淆雾standard time of observation标准观察evaporation fog蒸发雾时间supercooled fog过冷却雾actual time of observation实质观察时ground fog地面雾间upslope fog上坡雾observational frequency观察次数air-mass fog气团雾observational error观察偏差tropical air fog热带气团雾supplementary observation增补观察rime雾凇autographic records自记记录graupel霰surface data 地面资料percentage of sunshine日照百分率upper air data高空资料sunshine duration日照时数barometer level气压表高度duration of possible sunshine可照时数pressure reduction气压换算02.大气探测barometric correction气压校订atmospheric sounding and observing大international synoptic code 国际 [ 天气 ]气探测电码meteorological observation气象观察network of meteorological station气象synoptic observation天气观察台站网synoptic hour天气观察时间observation site观察场principal synoptic observation基本天meteorological platform气象观察平台气观察ocean weather station大海气象站intermediate synoptic observation协助fixed ship station固定船舶站mobile ship station挪动船舶站mountain observation station高峰[观]测站automatic meteorological station自动气象站meteorological instrument气象仪器screen,instrument shelter百叶箱thermometer 温度表telethermometer 遥测温度表thermograph 温度计geothermometer 地温表surface geothermometer地面温度表angle geothermometer曲管地温表tube-typed geothermometer 直管地温表grass thermometer草温表maximum thermometer 最高温度表minimum thermometer最低温度表mercury thermometer水银温度表Lyman-α hygrometer莱曼 - α湿度表bimetallic thermograph双金属片温度计barograph 气压计aneroid barograph空盒气压计mountain barograph高峰气压计barometer 气压表aneroid barometer空盒气压表ship-barometer 船用气压表mountain barometer高峰气压表pressure altimeter气压测高表normal barometer标准气压表national standard barometer国家标准气压表regional standard barometer地区标准气压表absolute standard barometer绝对标准气压表microbarograph 微压计mercury barometer水银气压表Fortin barometer福丁气压表Kew pattern barometer寇乌气压表hygrograph湿度计hygrometer湿度表psychrometer 干湿表aspirated psychrometer通风干湿表standard aspirated psychrometer 标准通风干湿表whirling psychrometer,sling psychrometer手摇干湿表Assmann psychrometer阿斯曼干湿表dew-point hygrometer露点湿度表hair hygrometer毛发湿度表hair hygrograph毛发湿度计black and white bulb thermometer黑白球温度表barothermograph气压温度计dry-bulb thermometer干球温度表wet-bulb thermometer湿球温度表sunshine recorder日照计Jordan sunshine recorder乔唐日照计Campbell-Stokes sunshine recorder康培尔- 司托克日照计pyrheliometer 直接辐射表pyranometer 总辐射表sky radiometer diffusometer 天空辐射表albedometer 反照率表 pyranometer 净辐射表pilot-balloon plotting board测风画图板hail-rain separator雹雨分别器evaporograph 蒸发计evaporation pan 小型蒸发器evaporation tank大型蒸发器standard pan 标准蒸发器ceiling projector云幂灯visibility meter,visiometer能见度表raingauge雨量器pluviograph,recording raingauge 雨量计accumulative raingauge累计雨量器tilting bucket raingauge翻斗[ 式] 雨量计electric conductivity raingauge 水导[ 式] 雨量计siphon rainfall recorder虹吸[ 式] 雨量计rainfall intensity recorder雨强计telemetering pluviograph遥测雨量计wind vane风向标anemometer 风速表contact anemometer电接风速表cup anemometer 转杯风速表propeller anemometer螺旋桨 [ 式] 风速表anemorumbometer 风向风速表hot-wire anemometer热线风速表strong wind anemograph强风仪navaid wind-finding导航测风laser ceilometer激光云幂仪anemograph 风速计radio theodolite无线电经纬仪aerological theodolite测风经纬仪radiosonde无线电探空仪dropsonde下投式探空仪constant level balloon定高气球ultrasonic anemometer超声测风仪ceiling balloon云幂气球meteorological aircraft气象飞机snow scale,snow depth scale量雪尺weighting snow-gauge称雪器drosometer, dewgauge测露表frozen soil apparatus冻土器sonde 探空仪profiler廓线仪meteorological rocket气象火箭sounding rocket探空火箭weather radar天气雷达meteorological radar气象雷达lidar激光雷达sodar, acoustic radar声[雷]达Doppler radar多普勒天气雷达incoherent radar非相关雷达radar network composite雷达组网radar sounding雷达探空windfinding radar测风雷达Doppler sodar多普勒声达Doppler lidar多普勒激光雷达MST radar MST 雷达UHF Doppler radar超高频雷达VHF radar甚高频雷达coherent memory filter,CMF相关储存滤波器radar rainfall integrator雷达雨量积分器range velocity display, RVD距离速度显示velocity azimuth display, VAD速度方向显示constantaltitude planposition indicator, CAPPI等高平面地点显示器plan postion indicator, PPI平面地点显示器plan shear indicator, PSI平面切变显示器velocity azimuth range display,VARD速度方向距离显示radarsonde雷达测风仪atmospheric remote sensing大气遥感inverse technique反演法temperature retrieval温度反演inversion of satellite sounding卫星探测反演meteorological satellite气象卫星NIMBUS雨云卫星NOAA诺阿卫星polar-orbiting meteorological satellite极轨气象卫星TIROS 泰罗斯卫星TIROS-N 泰罗斯 -N 卫星ESSA艾萨卫星ITOS 艾托斯卫星geostationary meteorological satellite,GMS 地球静止气象卫星meteorological satellite ground station气象卫星地面站microwave radiometer 微波辐射仪high resolution interferometric sounder 高分辨 [ 率] 干预探测器high resolution infrared radiation sounder, HRIRS高分辨[率]红外辐射探测器scanning radiometer, SR扫描辐射仪very high resolution radiometer, VHRR甚高分辨率辐射仪vertical temperature profile radiometer温度垂直廓线辐射仪data collection platform, DCP资料采集平台automatic picture transmission, APT 自动图象传输high resolution picture transmission,HRPT高分辨 [ 率] 图象传输high resolution facsimile, HR-FAX高分辨率 [ 云图] 传真low resolution facsimile, LR-FAX低分辨率 [ 云图] 传真delay picture transmission, DPT延时图象传输direct read-out ground station直读式地面站weather facsimile, WEFAX 天气图传真synoptic data天气资料non-synoptic data非天气资料real time data及时资料non-real time data非及时资料stretched data时展资料sub-satellite point [卫星 ] 星下点temporal resolution时间分辨率spatial resolution空间分辨率full resolution全分辨率radiation transfer equation辐射传输方程atmospheric transmission model大气传输模式03. 大气物理学atmospheric physics大气物理 [ 学] cloud physics云物理学precipitation physics降水物理学cloud dynamics云动力学middle atmospheric physics中层大气物理学aeronomy 高空大气学aerology 高空气象学radio meteorology无线电气象学boundary layer meteorology界限层气象学boundary layer climate界限层天气atmospheric boundary layer大气界限层air-sea interface海气界面air-sea exchange海气互换tracer diffusion experiment示踪扩散实验surface layer近地层surface roughness地面粗拙度atmospheric duct大气波导advection平流convection对流free convection自由对流forced convection逼迫对流convection cell对流单体Benard cell贝纳胞Benard convection 贝纳对流convection model对流模式updraught上曳气流downdraught 下曳气流transitional flow过渡气流dry deposition干沉降wet deposition湿沉降aerosol 气溶胶aerosol particle size distribution气溶胶粒子谱aqueous aerosol湿气溶胶stratospheric aerosol平流层气溶胶hail generation zone冰雹生成区conical hail锥形冰雹hail embryo雹核hail lobe雹瓣hail pellet雹粒cumulonimbus model积雨云模式condensation process凝结过程cloud condensation nuclei, CCN云凝结核artificial nucleation人工成核作用cloud top temperature云顶温度ice-water mixed cloud冰水混淆云cloud structure云构造cloud particle sampler云滴采样器cloud droplet-size distribution云滴谱cloud droplet collector云滴谱仪raindrop size distribution雨滴谱drop-size distribution parameter滴谱参数disdrometer, raindrop disdrometer雨滴谱仪fog-drop雾滴cloud droplet云滴supercooled cloud droplet 过冷云滴drop spectrum 滴谱collision碰撞coagulation碰并ice crystal冰晶ice needle冰针ice nucleus冰核ice point冰点condensation 凝结evaporation蒸发potential evaporation潜伏蒸发solidification凝结deposition凝华sublimation升华freezing 冻结freezing nucleus冻结核condensation nucleus凝结核salt nucleus盐核cloud chamber云室combustion nucleus焚烧核deposition nucleus凝华核weather modification人工影响天气target area目标区cloud dissipation消云salt-seeding盐粉播撒frost prevention防霜cloud seeding播云cloud seeding agent播云剂artificial precipitation人工降水hail suppression防雹fog dissipation消雾dynamic cloud seeding动力播云radar meteorology雷达气象学meteorological radar equation气象雷达方程radar meteorological observation雷达气象观察radar reflectivity factor 雷达反射率因子radar equivalent reflectivity factor 雷达等效反射率因子weather echo 天气回波cloud echo云回波echo wall回波墙superrefraction echo超折射回波second trip echo二次回波incoherent echo非相关回波coherent echo相关回波ground echo 地物回波clear air echo晴空回波convective echo对流回波whirling echo涡旋状回波spiral rain-band echo螺旋雨带回波layered echo层状回波banded echo 带状回波hook echo钩状回波weak echo vault弱回波穹窿precipitation echo降水回波angel echo异样回波elevated echo雨幡回波cell echo单体回波supercell超级单体multiple-cell echo多单体回波echo complex回波复合体cloud top height, CTH云顶高度echo depth回波厚度echo character回波特点echo analysis回波剖析echo distortion回波畸变radar reflectivity雷达反射率superrefraction超折射negative refraction负折射tropospheric refraction对流层折射beam filling coefficient波束充塞系数range bin距离库range averaging距离均匀azimuth averaging方向均匀range resolution距离分辨率azimuth resolution方向角分辨率number of range samples距离采样数coherent-video signal相关视频信号quantized signal量化信号depolarization ratio退偏振比rotation band转动谱带Doppler velocity多普勒速度range ambiguity距离模糊maximumunambiguous range 最大不模糊距离velocity ambiguity速度模糊realtime display及时显示pattern recognition technique 图形辨别技术tracking radar echoesby correlation,TREC雷达回波有关追踪法thunderstorm monitoring雷暴监测gray scale灰[ 色标]度cloud attenuation云衰减precipitation attenuation降水衰减range attenuation距离衰减echo synthetic chart回波综合图iso-echo contour等回波线normalized echo intensity归一化回波强度isolated cell孤立单体weak cell弱单体satellite meteorology卫星气象学satellite sounding卫星探测cloud cluster云团satellite cloud picture卫星云图sectorized cloud picture分区云图picture mosaic拼图image processing图象办理distortion correction畸变校订infrared cloud picture红外云图visible cloud picture可见光云图nulti-spectral image, MSI多波段图象microwave image微波图象image resolution图象分辨率digitized cloud map数字化云图enhanced cloud picture加强云图false-color cloud picture假彩色云图pseudo-color cloud picture伪彩色云图full-disc cloud picture全景圆盘云图nephanalysis云[ 层] 剖析图brightness temperature亮度温度cloud coverage云覆盖区cloud street云街cloud line云线spiral cloud band螺旋云带monsoon cloud cluster季风云团tropical cloud cluster热带云团squall cloud飑线云shield cloud盾状云open [cloud] cells张口型细胞状云close [cloud] cells关闭型细胞状云cellular pattern细胞状云cloud system云系comma cloud system 逗点云系banded cloud system带状云系vortex cloud system涡旋云系jet stream cloud system急流云系satellite derived wind卫星云迹风satellite cloud picture analysis卫星云图剖析limb scanning method临边扫描法limb retrieval临边反演occultation method掩星法backscatter ultraviolet technique 紫外辐射后向散射法linear inversion线性反演water vapor retrieval水汽反演humidity retrieval湿度反演limb brightening临边增亮limb darkening 临边变暗sun glint日照亮斑atmospheric radiation大气辐射solar radiation太阳辐射solar constant太阳常数monochromatic radiation单色辐射outgoing long-wave radiation, OLR向外长波辐射visible light可见光radiation balance辐射均衡global radiation总辐射direct radiation直接辐射effective radiation有效辐射scattered radiation散射辐射diffuse radiation漫射辐射sky radiation天空辐射upward [tatal] radiation向上[ 全] 辐射downward [total] radiation向下[ 全] 辐射incoming radiation入射辐射equivalent clear column radiance等效晴空辐射率atmospheric transmissivity大气透射率Van Allen radiation belt范艾伦辐射带albedo of the earth-atmosphere system地气系统反照率albedo of underlying surface下垫面反照率earth radiation belt地球辐射带nocturnal radiation夜间辐射atmospheric counter radiation大气逆辐射radiance辐射率irradiation辐照irradiance 辐照度reflected radiation反射辐射albedo 反照率band model 带模式statistical band model统计带模式regular band model规则带模式random Elsasser band model随机爱尔沙色带模式strong-line approximation强线近似weak-line approximation弱线近似planetary temperature行星温度atmospheric attenuation大气衰减atmospheric absorption大气汲取atmospheric window大气窗[atmospheric] absorptivity [大气] 汲取率non-scattering atmosphere无散射大气extinction coefficient消光系数atmospheric radioactivity大气放射性atmospheric optics大气光学atmospheric optical spectrum大气光谱atmospheric refraction大气折射atmospheric optical mass大气光学质量primary scattering一次散射Mie scattering米散射multiple scattering多次散射Rayleigh scattering瑞利散射volume scattering function体散射函数forward scattering前向散射backscattering后向散射scattering cross-section散射截面backscattering cross-section后向散射截面one-way attenuation单程衰减two-way attenuation双程衰减scattering coefficient散射系数attenuation coefficient衰减系数attenuation cross-section衰减截面absorption cross-section汲取截面atmospheric polarization大气偏振night-sky light夜天光sky brightness, sky luminance天空亮度atmospheric optical thickness, atmospheric optical depth大气光学厚度[atmospheric] transparency [大气] 透明度atmospheric optical phenomena 大气光学现象atmospheric turbidity大气污浊度turbidity factor污浊因子mirage蜃景twilight曙暮光aurora australis南极光aurora borealis北极光anthelion反日parhelion假日paraselene假月46° halo 46度晕22° halo 22度晕solar halo日晕lunar halo月晕solar corona日华lunar corona月华rainbow虹secondary rainbow霓halo 晕corona华twilight colors霞airglow气辉aurora极光glory 宝光 [ 环]atmospheric electricity大气电学fair weather electric field晴日电场air discharge空中放电cloud-to-cloud discharge,intercloud discharge云标放电cloud discharge云放电cloud-to-ground discharge云地[间]放电ionospheric storm电离层暴ionospheric sudden disturbance电离层突扰magnetic storm磁暴atmospheric electric conductivity大气电导率atmospheric acoustics大气声学acoustic sounding声学探测4.大气化学atmospheric chemistry大气化学atmospheric photochemistry大气光化学atmospheric photolysis大气光解作用condensation level, CL凝结高度atmospheric ozone大气臭氧condensation efficiency凝结效率atmospheric trace gas大气痕量气体thermal stratification热力层结photochemical reaction光化反响equivalent temperature相当温度photochemical smog光化烟雾virtual temperature虚温precipitation chemistry降水化学dry adiabatic process干绝热过程threshold temperature of ice nucleation moist adiabatic process湿绝热过程成冰阈温adiabatic diagram绝热图05. 动力气象学pseudo-adiabatic diagram假绝热图dynamic meteorology动力气象学pseudo-adiabatic lapse rate 假绝热直减atmospheric thermodynamics大气热力学率sensible heat感热potential temperature位温latent heat潜热pseudo-equivalent potential reversible adiabatic process可逆绝热temperature 假相当位温过程wet-bulb potential temperature湿球位irreversible adiabatic process不行逆温绝热过程wet-bulb pseudo potential temperature moisture inversion逆湿假湿球位温thermodynamic equation热力学方程wet-bulb pseudo-temperature假湿球温temperature inversion逆温度turbulence inversion湍流逆温atmospheric dynamics大气动力学surface inversion地面逆温equation of motion运动方程radiation inversion辐射逆温continuity equation连续方程capping inversion覆盖逆温equation of state状态方程subsidence inversion下沉逆温vorticity equation涡度方程frontal inversion锋面逆温divergence equation散度方程inversion layer逆温层hydrostatic equation流体静力方程isentropic chart等熵面图ω- equation ω方程tephigram温熵图perturbation equation扰动方程T-ln p diagram温度 - 对数压力争thermal wind equation热成风方程temperature gradient温度梯度moisture [conservation] equation水汽temperature advection温度平流守恒方程adiabatic ascending绝热上涨advective equation平流方程adiabatic sinking绝热下沉balance equation均衡方程adiabatic cooling绝热冷却baroclinic process斜压过程adiabatic heating绝热增温Reynolds stress雷诺应力pseudo-adiabatic process假绝热过程meteorological wind tunnel气象风洞diabatic process非绝热过程equivalent barotropic atmosphere相当convective condensation level, CCL对正压大气流凝结高度hydrostatic adjustment process静力适mixing condensation level 混淆凝结高度应过程temperature lapse rate气温直减率geostrophic adjustment地转适应dry adiabatic lapse rate干绝热直减率available potential energy有效位能moist adiabatic lapse rate湿绝热直减enstrophy 涡动拟能率geopotential meter位势米geopotential height位势高度geostrophic vorticity地转涡度inertial instability惯性不稳固cyclonic vorticity气旋性涡度free convection level自由对流高度anticyclonic vorticity反气旋涡度[atmospheric] stability [大气 ] 稳固度shearing vorticity切变涡度[atmospheric]instability[ 大气] 不稳固curvature vorticity曲率涡度度potential vorticity位势涡度static stability静力稳固度eddy conductivity涡动传导率index of stability稳固度指数eddy viscosity涡动粘滞率absolute stability绝对稳固friction velocity摩擦速度absolute instability绝对不稳固eddy shearing stress涡动切应力neutral stability中性稳固atmospheric wave大气颠簸conditional instability条件[性]不稳adjustment of longwave长波调整定inertia wave惯性波inertial stability惯性稳固度baroclinic wave斜压波convective instability对流不稳固barotropic wave正压波convective stability对流 [ 性] 稳固度gravity wave重力波atmospheric disturbance大气扰动inertia-gravity wave惯性重力波nonlinear instability非线性不稳固internal gravity wave重力内波[ 性]external gravity wave重力外波conditional instability of the second gravity wave drag重力波拖曳kind, CISK第二类条件 [ 性] 不稳固drag coefficient拖曳系数shearing instability切变不稳固orographic drag地形拖曳barotropic instability正压不稳固orographic wave地形波baroclinic instability斜压不稳固lee wave 背风波latent instability潜伏不稳固Helmholtz wave赫姆霍兹波conservation of potential vorticity位Kelvin wave 开尔文波涡守恒Lamb wave 兰姆波tendency equation偏向方程Rossby wave 罗斯贝波z-coordinate z坐标stationary wave定常波p-coordinate p坐标transient wave瞬变波σ - coordinateσ 坐标solitary wave孤立波θ -coordinate位温坐标progressive wave行进波hybrid coordinate混淆坐标retrograde wave退后波convergence辐合shearing wave切变波divergence辐散mixed Rossby-gravity wave 混淆罗斯贝重divergence散度力波horizontal divergence水平散度ultra-long wave超长波steering flow指引气流atmospheric noise大气噪声vorticity涡度Prandtl number普朗特数relative vorticity相对涡度Rayleigh number瑞利数absolute vorticity绝对涡度Reynolds number雷诺数planetary vorticity行星涡度Richardson number里查森数β - plane β平面Froude number弗劳德数conservation of absolute vorticity绝Rossby number 罗斯贝数对涡度守恒rotating dishpan experiment转盘实验Hadley regime哈得来域Rossby regime罗斯贝域mixing layer混淆层non-divergence level无辐散层cyclostrophic wind旋衡风gradient wind梯度风countergradient wind反梯度风subgradient wind次梯度风supergradient wind超梯度风thermal wind热成风veering wind顺转风backing wind逆转风wind shear 风切变geostrophic wind地转风antitriptic wind摩擦风subgeostrophic wind次地转风supergeostrophic wind超地转风ageostrophic wind非地转风isallobaric wind变压风jet stream 急流northern branch jet stream北支急流southern branch jet stream南支急流basic flow 基本气流subtropical jet stream副热带急流axis of jet stream急流轴streamline 流线westerly jet西风急流convective cloud对流云deep convection 深对流shallow convection浅对流line convection线对流Ekman flow 埃克曼流thermal convection热对流moist convection湿对流cumulus convection积云对流mesoscale convective system, MCS中尺度对流系统warm advection暖平流cold advection冷平流upward flow 上涨气流downward flow下沉气流convective adjustment对流调整convective parameterization对流参数化mesoscale convective complex, MCC中尺度对流复合体geostrophic motion地转运动quasi-geostrophic motion准地转运动semi-geostrophic motion半地转运动ageostrophic motion非地转运动irrotational motion无旋运动nondivergent motion无辐散运动baroclinic atmosphere斜压大气barotropic atmosphere正压大气baroclinic mode斜压模态barotropic mode正压模态normal mode 正规模态Ekman layer埃克曼层Ekman spiral埃克曼螺线atmospheric circulation大气环流meridional circulation经向环流zonal circulation纬向环流Hadley cell哈得来环流Walker cell沃克环流direct circulation直接环流indirect circulation间接环流 [ 圈] trade-wind circulation信风环流circulation cell环流圈local circulation局地环流three-cell[meridional]circulation三圈经向环流circulation index环流指数high index高指数low index 低指数index cycle指数循环circulation theorem环流定理Kelvin's theorem of circulation开尔文环流定理Bjerknes circulation theorem皮叶克尼斯环流定理cross-equatorial flow越赤道气流adjustment of circulation环流调整mesospheric circulation中间层环流large-scale circulation大尺度环流atmospheric center of action大气活动中心stratospheric sudden warming平流层爆发[ 性] 增温atmospheric turbulence大气湍流eddy 涡旋flux通量energy cascade 能量串级turbulent flux湍流通量objective analysis客观剖析isotropic turbulence各向同性湍流physical mode物理模 [ 态]mixing length混淆长computational mode计算模 [ 态]K theory of turbulence湍流model resolution模式分辨率[WTHZ]K[WT][HT5H]理论skill score技巧分Prandtl mixing-length theory普朗特混subgrid scale parameterization次网格合长理论turbulent boundary layer湍流界限层laminar boundary layer层流界限层turbulence spectrum湍流谱turbulence energy湍流能量turbulent exchange湍流互换turbulent diffusion湍流扩散Eliassen-Palm flux EP通量lateral mixing侧向混淆chaos 混沌numerical weather prediction, NWP 数值天气预告model output statistic prediction, MOS prediction模式输出统计预告equivalent barotropic model 相当正压模式quasi-geostrophic model准地转模式filtered model过滤模式adiabatic model绝热模式primitive equation model原始方程模式mesoscale model 中尺度模式scaling 尺度剖析synoptic scale天气尺度planetary scale行星尺度meso scale中尺度meso-α scaleα 中尺度meso-β scaleβ 中尺度meso-γ scaleγ 中尺度spectral model谱模式movable fine-mesh model 可挪动细网格模式semi-implicit scheme半隐式格式conservation scheme守恒格式finite difference model差分模式upstream scheme 迎风差格式computational instability线性计算不稳固perturbation method小扰动法尺度参数化normal mode initialization正规模 [ 态]初值化dynamic initialization动力初值化static initialization静力初值化four-dimensional data assimilation四维资料同化rigid boundary condition刚体界限条件spongy boundary condition海绵界限条件first guess初估值time smoothing时间光滑space smoothing空间光滑automatic data processing自动资料办理structure function构造函数split-explicit scheme分别显式格式bogus data人造[站]资料hydrostatic check静力检查difference scheme差分格式staggered grid交织网格stagger scheme交织格式nested grid套网格pseudospectral method假谱方法successive correction analysis逐渐订正法optimum interpolation method最优插值法statistical interpolation method统计插值法man-machine weather forecast人机联合天气预告limited area model, LAM有限区模式limited area fine-mesh model, LFM有限区细网格模式statistical-dynamic prediction统计动力预告diagnostic analysis诊疗剖析numerical simulation数值模拟numerical experiment数值实验general circulation model, GCM 大气环流模式barotropic model正压模式baroclinic model斜压模式primitive equation原始方程governing equation控制方程06. 天气学synoptic meteorology天气学weather天气synoptic chart天气图meteorological code气象电码weather symbol天气符号barb 风速羽wind shaft风矢杆wind arrow风矢present weather此刻天气past weather 过去天气upper air chart高空[ 天气]图surface chart地面[ 天气] 图vertical cross section垂直剖面图facsimile weather chart传真天气图isobaric surface等压面standard isobaric surface, mandatory level 标准等压面contour chart等压面图rainfall chart雨量图streamline chart流线图time cross-section时间剖面图scatter diagram点聚图isoline等值线isotherm等温线isodrosotherm等露点线isallotherm等变温线isobar 等压线topographic isobar地形等压线isallobar等变压线hodograph高空风剖析图contour line等高线isallohypse等变高线isopleth of thickness等厚度线isotach等风速线isogon等风向线isanomaly等距平线isohume 等湿度线moisture profile湿度廓线isohyet等雨量线shear line切变线squall line飑线convergence line辐合线pressure tendency气压偏向anallobar正变压线katallobar负变压线pressure variation气压变量pressure field气压场wind field风场allobaric field变压场anallobaric center正变压中心katallobaric center负变压中心humidity field湿度场wet tongue湿舌dry tongue干舌dry line干线temperature field温度场cold tongue冷舌warm tongue暖舌pressure system气压系统low [pressure], depression低[气]压deepening of a depression低压加深filling of a depression低压填塞cold low 冷低压warm low 暖低压mesoscale low 中尺度低压thermal low热低压cut-off low切断低压orographic depression地形低压trough 低压槽trough line槽线inverted trough倒槽cold trough冷槽forward-tilting trough前倾槽backward-tilting trough后倾槽topographic trough地形槽anchored trough锚槽monsoon trough季风槽westerly trough西风槽long-wave trough长波槽East Asia major trough东亚大槽cyclone 气旋cyclonic circulation气旋性环流cyclonic curvature气旋性曲率。
气象专业英语词汇
主题词表English Chinese01. 大气atmospheric science 大气科学meteorology 气象学theoretical meteorology 理论气象学mesometeorology 中尺度气象学micrometeorology 微气象学physical meteorology 物理气象学atmosphere 大气evolution of atmosphere 大气演化atmospheric impurity 大气杂质atmospheric suspended matter 大气悬浮物atmospheric diffusion 大气扩散atmospheric composition 大气成分atmospheric ion 大气离子atmospheric mass 大气质量air quality 大气品位atmospheric density 大气密度atmospheric subdivision 大气分层homosphere 均质层heterosphere 非均质层homopause 均质层顶significant level 特性层standard ［pressure] level 标准层isothermal layer 等温层lower atmosphere 低层大气middle atmosphere 中层大气upper atmosphere 高层大气troposphere 对流层tropopause 对流层顶stratosphere 平流层stratopause 平流层顶mesosphere 中间层mesopause 中间层顶thermosphere 热层exosphere 外[逸]层ionosphere 电离层magnetosphere 磁层magnetopause 磁层顶chemosphere 光化层chemopause 光化层顶ozonosphere 臭氧层free atmosphere 自由大气planetary atmosphere 行星大气standard atmosphere(reference atmosphere）标准大气（参考大气)homogeneous atmosphere 均质大气isothermal atmosphere 等温大气polytropic atmosphere 多元大气scale height 大气标高meteorological element 气象要素air temperature 气温wet-bulb temperature 湿球温度dry-bulb temperature 干球温度temperature profile 温度廓线atmospheric pressure 气压standard atmosphere pressure 标准大气压station pressure 本站气压sea-level pressure 海平面气压pressure gradient 气压梯度barometric height formula 压高公式pressure gradient force 气压梯度力Coriolis force 科里奥利力water vapor 水[蒸]汽transfer of water vapor 水汽输送water vapor profile 水汽廓线water vapor pressure 水汽压humidity 湿度relative humidity 相对湿度absolute humidity 绝对湿度specific humidity 比湿mixing ratio 混合比dew point ［temperature] 露点(温度）depression of the dew point （温度)露点差super-saturated air 过饱和空气saturation specific humidity 饱和比湿saturation vapor pressure 饱和水汽压psychrometric formula 测湿公式saturation deficit 饱和差international cloud atlas 国际云图cloud 云low cloud 低云middle cloud 中云high cloud 高云cloud base 云底cloud top 云顶cloud ceiling 云幂cloud amount 云量total cloud cover 总云量cloud with vertical development 直展云cloud height 云高cloud genera 云属cloud etage 云族cloud species 云种cloud variety 云类cloud form 云状cirrus, Ci 卷云cirrus fibratus, Ci fib 毛卷云cirrus spissatus, Ci spi 密卷云cirrus uncinus，Ci unc 钩卷云cirrostratus，Cs 卷层云cirrostratus fibratus, Cs fib 毛卷层云cirrostratus nebulosus，Cs neb 薄幕卷层云cirrocumulus, Cc 卷积云altocumulus, Ac 高积云altocumulus translucidus, Ac tr 透光高积云altocumulus opacus, Ac op 蔽光高积云altocumulus lenticularis，Ac len 荚状高积云altocumulus cumulogenitus, Ac cug 积云性高积云altocumulus floccus 絮状高积云altocumulus castellanus，Ac cas 堡状高积云altostratus，As 高层云altostratus translucidus, As tr 透光高层云altostratus opacus, As op 蔽光高层云cumulus，Cu 积云cumulus humilis，Cu hum 淡积云cumulus mediocris, Cu med 中展积云cumulus fractus, Cu fra 碎积云cumulus congestus, Cu con 浓积云cumulonimbus，Cb 积雨云cumulonimbus calvus, Cb cal 秃积雨云cumulonimbus capillatus，Cb cap 鬃积雨云stratocumulus, Sc 层积云stratocumulus translucidus, Sc tr 透光层积云stratocumulus opacus, Sc op 蔽光层积云stratocumulus cumulogenitus，Sc cug 积云性层积云stratocumulus castellanus, Sc cas 堡状层积云stratocumulus lenticularis, Sc len 荚状层积云stratus, St 层云stratus fractus, St fra 碎层云nimbostratus，Ns 雨层云stratiform cloud 层状云cumuliform cloud 积状云fracto-nimbus,Fn 碎雨云chaotic sky 混乱天空cold cloud 冷云warm cloud 暖云ice cloud 冰云water cloud 水云hail cloud ［冰］雹云wind 风wind direction 风向wind speed，wind velocity 风速maximum wind speed 最大风速extreme wind speed 极大风速wind speed profile 风速廓线horizontal wind vector 水平风矢量wind force 风力wind force scale 风级Beaufort ［wind］scale 蒲福风级calm 0级风light air 1级风light breeze 2级风gentle breeze 3级风moderate breeze 4级风fresh breeze 5级风strong breeze 6级风near gale 7级风gale 8级风strong gale 9级风storm 10级风violent storm 11级风hurricane 12级风gust 阵风local wind 地方性风surface wind 地面风foehn 焚风mountain-valley breeze 山谷风sea-land breeze 海陆风on—shore wind 向岸风off-shore wind 离岸风gorge wind 峡谷风slope wind 坡风glacier breeze 冰川风drainage wind 流泄风visibility 能见度effective visibility 有效能见度visual range of light 灯光能见距离surface visibility 地面能见度horizontal visibility 水平能见度vertical visibility 垂直能见度slant visibility 倾斜能见度meteor 大气现象weather phenomenon 天气现象clear sky 晴天partly cloudy 少云cloudy 多云overcast 阴天blue of the sky 天空蓝度apparent form of the sky 天穹形状state of ground 地面状态sky condition 天空状况precipitation 降水amount of precipitation 降水量precipitation intensity 降水强度showery precipitation 阵性降水convective precipitation 对流性降水non-convective precipitation 非对流性降水orographic precipitation 地形降水rain 雨rain virga 雨幡rain drop 雨滴rain shadow 雨影glaze 雨凇rain day 雨日rainfall [amount］雨量continuous precipitation 连续性降水intermittent precipitation 间歇性降水showery rain 阵雨freezing rain 冻雨drizzle 毛毛雨light rain 小雨moderate rain 中雨heavy rain 大雨torrential rain 暴雨local precipitation 地方性降水orographic rain 地形雨storm 风暴sandstorm, duststorm 沙[尘]暴hail storm 雹暴haze 霾haze aloft 高空霾dust 浮尘blowing sand 高吹沙drifting sand 低吹沙dew 露frost 霜frost point 霜点first frost 初霜latest frost 终霜tornado 龙卷dust devil 尘卷风squall 飑snow 雪snow virga 雪幡sleet 雨夹雪showery snow 阵雪snow crystal 雪晶snowflake 雪花snow grains 米雪snowstorm 雪暴driven snow 吹雪drifting snow 低吹雪blowing snow 高吹雪snow cover 积雪snowfall ［amount] 雪量snow depth 雪深snow day 雪日icing 积冰wire icing 电线积冰hail 冰雹hailstone 雹块ice pellet 冰丸thunder 雷thunderstorm 雷暴thunder shower 雷阵雨orographic thunderstorm 地形雷暴thunderstorm cell 雷暴单体atmospherics 天电lightning 闪电lightning channel 闪电通道forked lightning 叉状闪电sheet lightning 片状闪电ball lightning 球状闪电streak lightning 条状闪电pearl-necklace lightning 串珠状闪电fog 雾mist 轻雾wet fog 湿雾sea fog 海雾ice fog 冰雾frontal fog 锋面雾advection fog 平流雾radiation fog 辐射雾advection-radiation fog 平流辐射雾mixing fog 混合雾evaporation fog 蒸发雾supercooled fog 过冷却雾ground fog 地面雾upslope fog 上坡雾air-mass fog 气团雾tropical air fog 热带气团雾rime 雾凇graupel 霰percentage of sunshine 日照百分率sunshine duration 日照时数duration of possible sunshine 可照时数02. 大气探测atmospheric sounding and observing 大气探测meteorological observation 气象观测synoptic observation 天气观测synoptic hour 天气观测时间principal synoptic observation 基本天气观测intermediate synoptic observation 辅助天气观测surface observation 地面观测visual observation 目测background pollution observation 本底污染观测field observation 外场观测conventional observation 常规观测non—conventional observation 非常规观测ship observation 船舶观测fixed point observation 定点观测space-based observation 空基观测ground—based observation 地基观测mountain observation 山地观测sounding 探空upper air observation 高空观测auxiliary ship observation，ASO 辅助船舶观测aircraft sounding 飞机探测rocket sounding 火箭探测radio sounding 无线电探空captive balloon sounding 系留气球探测pilot balloon observation 测风气球观测radiowind observation 无线电测风观测standard time of observation 标准观测时间actual time of observation 实际观测时间observational frequency 观测次数observational error 观测误差supplementary observation 补充观测autographic records 自记记录surface data 地面资料upper air data 高空资料barometer level 气压表高度pressure reduction 气压换算barometric correction 气压订正international synoptic code 国际［天气］电码network of meteorological station 气象台站网observation site 观测场meteorological platform 气象观测平台ocean weather station 海洋气象站fixed ship station 固定船舶站mobile ship station 移动船舶站mountain observation station 高山［观］测站automatic meteorological station 自动气象站meteorological instrument 气象仪器screen,instrument shelter 百叶箱thermometer 温度表telethermometer 遥测温度表thermograph 温度计geothermometer 地温表surface geothermometer 地面温度表angle geothermometer 曲管地温表tube-typed geothermometer 直管地温表grass thermometer 草温表maximum thermometer 最高温度表minimum thermometer 最低温度表mercury thermometer 水银温度表Lyman—α hygrometer 莱曼-α湿度表bimetallic thermograph 双金属片温度计barograph 气压计aneroid barograph 空盒气压计mountain barograph 高山气压计barometer 气压表aneroid barometer 空盒气压表ship-barometer 船用气压表mountain barometer 高山气压表pressure altimeter 气压测高表normal barometer 标准气压表national standard barometer 国家标准气压表regional standard barometer 区域标准气压表absolute standard barometer 绝对标准气压表microbarograph 微压计mercury barometer 水银气压表Fortin barometer 福丁气压表Kew pattern barometer 寇乌气压表hygrograph 湿度计hygrometer 湿度表psychrometer 干湿表aspirated psychrometer 通风干湿表standard aspirated psychrometer 标准通风干湿表whirling psychrometer, sling psychrometer 手摇干湿表Assmann psychrometer 阿斯曼干湿表dew—point hygrometer 露点湿度表hair hygrometer 毛发湿度表hair hygrograph 毛发湿度计black and white bulb thermometer 黑白球温度表barothermograph 气压温度计dry-bulb thermometer 干球温度表wet—bulb thermometer 湿球温度表sunshine recorder 日照计Jordan sunshine recorder 乔唐日照计Campbell—Stokes sunshine recorder 康培尔-司托克日照计pyrheliometer 直接辐射表pyranometer 总辐射表sky radiometer diffusometer 天空辐射表albedometer 反照率表pyranometer 净辐射表pilot—balloon plotting board 测风绘图板hail—rain separator 雹雨分离器evaporograph 蒸发计evaporation pan 小型蒸发器evaporation tank 大型蒸发器standard pan 标准蒸发器ceiling projector 云幂灯visibility meter，visiometer 能见度表raingauge 雨量器pluviograph，recording raingauge 雨量计accumulative raingauge 累计雨量器tilting bucket raingauge 翻斗［式]雨量计electric conductivity raingauge 水导[式]雨量计siphon rainfall recorder 虹吸［式］雨量计rainfall intensity recorder 雨强计telemetering pluviograph 遥测雨量计wind vane 风向标anemometer 风速表contact anemometer 电接风速表cup anemometer 转杯风速表propeller anemometer 螺旋桨［式］风速表anemorumbometer 风向风速表hot-wire anemometer 热线风速表strong wind anemograph 强风仪navaid wind-finding 导航测风laser ceilometer 激光云幂仪anemograph 风速计radio theodolite 无线电经纬仪aerological theodolite 测风经纬仪radiosonde 无线电探空仪dropsonde 下投式探空仪constant level balloon 定高气球ultrasonic anemometer 超声测风仪ceiling balloon 云幂气球meteorological aircraft 气象飞机snow scale,snow depth scale 量雪尺weighting snow—gauge 称雪器drosometer, dewgauge 测露表frozen soil apparatus 冻土器sonde 探空仪profiler 廓线仪meteorological rocket 气象火箭sounding rocket 探空火箭weather radar 天气雷达meteorological radar 气象雷达lidar 激光雷达sodar, acoustic radar 声[雷]达Doppler radar 多普勒天气雷达incoherent radar 非相干雷达radar network composite 雷达组网radar sounding 雷达探空windfinding radar 测风雷达Doppler sodar 多普勒声达Doppler lidar 多普勒激光雷达MST radar MST雷达UHF Doppler radar 超高频雷达VHF radar 甚高频雷达coherent memory filter，CMF 相干存储滤波器radar rainfall integrator 雷达雨量积分器range velocity display，RVD 距离速度显示velocity azimuth display, V AD 速度方位显示constant altitude plan position indicator，CAPPI 等高平面位置显示器plan postion indicator，PPI 平面位置显示器plan shear indicator, PSI 平面切变显示器velocity azimuth range display，V ARD 速度方位距离显示radarsonde 雷达测风仪atmospheric remote sensing 大气遥感inverse technique 反演法temperature retrieval 温度反演inversion of satellite sounding 卫星探测反演meteorological satellite 气象卫星NIMBUS 雨云卫星NOAA 诺阿卫星polar-orbiting meteorological satellite 极轨气象卫星TIROS 泰罗斯卫星TIROS-N 泰罗斯-N卫星ESSA 艾萨卫星ITOS 艾托斯卫星geostationary meteorological satellite，GMS 地球静止气象卫星meteorological satellite ground station 气象卫星地面站microwave radiometer 微波辐射仪high resolution interferometric sounder 高分辨[率]干涉探测器high resolution infrared radiation sounder，HRIRS 高分辨［率]红外辐射探测器scanning radiometer, SR 扫描辐射仪very high resolution radiometer，VHRR 甚高分辨率辐射仪vertical temperature profile radiometer 温度垂直廓线辐射仪data collection platform，DCP 资料收集平台automatic picture transmission，APT 自动图象传输high resolution picture transmission, HRPT 高分辨[率]图象传输high resolution facsimile, HR—FAX 高分辨率[云图］传真low resolution facsimile, LR—FAX 低分辨率［云图]传真delay picture transmission, DPT 延时图象传输direct read—out ground station 直读式地面站weather facsimile，WEFAX 天气图传真synoptic data 天气资料non—synoptic data 非天气资料real time data 实时资料non—real time data 非实时资料stretched data 时展资料sub—satellite point ［卫星]星下点temporal resolution 时间分辨率spatial resolution 空间分辨率full resolution 全分辨率radiation transfer equation 辐射传输方程atmospheric transmission model 大气传输模式03。
气象专业英语词汇..
主题词表English Chinese01. 大气atmospheric science 大气科学meteorology 气象学theoretical meteorology 理论气象学mesometeorology 中尺度气象学micrometeorology 微气象学physical meteorology 物理气象学atmosphere 大气evolution of atmosphere 大气演化atmospheric impurity 大气杂质atmospheric suspended matter 大气悬浮物atmospheric diffusion 大气扩散atmospheric composition 大气成分atmospheric ion 大气离子atmospheric mass 大气质量air quality 大气品位atmospheric density 大气密度atmospheric subdivision 大气分层homosphere 均质层heterosphere 非均质层homopause 均质层顶significant level 特性层standard [pressure] level 标准层isothermal layer 等温层lower atmosphere 低层大气middle atmosphere 中层大气upper atmosphere 高层大气troposphere 对流层tropopause 对流层顶stratosphere 平流层stratopause 平流层顶mesosphere 中间层mesopause 中间层顶thermosphere 热层exosphere 外[逸]层ionosphere 电离层magnetosphere 磁层magnetopause 磁层顶chemosphere 光化层chemopause 光化层顶ozonosphere 臭氧层free atmosphere 自由大气planetary atmosphere 行星大气standard atmosphere(reference atmosphere) 标准大气（参考大气）homogeneous atmosphere 均质大气isothermal atmosphere 等温大气polytropic atmosphere 多元大气scale height 大气标高meteorological element 气象要素air temperature 气温wet-bulb temperature 湿球温度dry-bulb temperature 干球温度temperature profile 温度廓线atmospheric pressure 气压standard atmosphere pressure 标准大气压station pressure 本站气压sea-level pressure 海平面气压pressure gradient 气压梯度barometric height formula 压高公式pressure gradient force 气压梯度力Coriolis force 科里奥利力water vapor 水[蒸]汽transfer of water vapor 水汽输送water vapor profile 水汽廓线water vapor pressure 水汽压humidity 湿度relative humidity 相对湿度absolute humidity 绝对湿度specific humidity 比湿mixing ratio 混合比dew point [temperature] 露点(温度) depression of the dew point （温度）露点差super-saturated air 过饱和空气saturation specific humidity 饱和比湿saturation vapor pressure 饱和水汽压psychrometric formula 测湿公式saturation deficit 饱和差international cloud atlas 国际云图cloud 云low cloud 低云middle cloud 中云high cloud 高云cloud base 云底cloud top 云顶cloud ceiling 云幂cloud amount 云量total cloud cover 总云量cloud with vertical development 直展云cloud height 云高cloud genera 云属cloud etage 云族cloud species 云种cloud variety 云类cloud form 云状cirrus, Ci 卷云cirrus fibratus, Ci fib 毛卷云cirrus spissatus, Ci spi 密卷云cirrus uncinus, Ci unc 钩卷云cirrostratus, Cs 卷层云cirrostratus fibratus, Cs fib 毛卷层云cirrostratus nebulosus, Cs neb 薄幕卷层云cirrocumulus, Cc 卷积云altocumulus, Ac 高积云altocumulus translucidus, Ac tr 透光高积云altocumulus opacus, Ac op 蔽光高积云altocumulus lenticularis, Ac len 荚状高积云altocumulus cumulogenitus, Ac cug 积云性高积云altocumulus floccus 絮状高积云altocumulus castellanus, Ac cas 堡状高积云altostratus, As 高层云altostratus translucidus, As tr 透光高层云altostratus opacus, As op 蔽光高层云cumulus, Cu 积云cumulus humilis, Cu hum 淡积云cumulus mediocris, Cu med 中展积云cumulus fractus, Cu fra 碎积云cumulus congestus, Cu con 浓积云cumulonimbus, Cb 积雨云cumulonimbus calvus, Cb cal 秃积雨云cumulonimbus capillatus, Cb cap 鬃积雨云stratocumulus, Sc 层积云stratocumulus translucidus, Sc tr 透光层积云stratocumulus opacus, Sc op 蔽光层积云stratocumulus cumulogenitus, Sc cug 积云性层积云stratocumulus castellanus, Sc cas 堡状层积云stratocumulus lenticularis, Sc len 荚状层积云stratus, St 层云stratus fractus, St fra 碎层云nimbostratus, Ns 雨层云stratiform cloud 层状云cumuliform cloud 积状云fracto-nimbus,Fn 碎雨云chaotic sky 混乱天空cold cloud 冷云warm cloud 暖云ice cloud 冰云water cloud 水云hail cloud [冰]雹云wind 风wind direction 风向wind speed, wind velocity 风速maximum wind speed 最大风速extreme wind speed 极大风速wind speed profile 风速廓线horizontal wind vector 水平风矢量wind force 风力wind force scale 风级Beaufort [wind] scale 蒲福风级calm 0级风light air 1级风light breeze 2级风gentle breeze 3级风moderate breeze 4级风fresh breeze 5级风strong breeze 6级风near gale 7级风gale 8级风strong gale 9级风storm 10级风violent storm 11级风hurricane 12级风gust 阵风local wind 地方性风surface wind 地面风foehn 焚风mountain-valley breeze 山谷风sea-land breeze 海陆风on-shore wind 向岸风off-shore wind 离岸风gorge wind 峡谷风slope wind 坡风glacier breeze 冰川风drainage wind 流泄风visibility 能见度effective visibility 有效能见度visual range of light 灯光能见距离surface visibility 地面能见度horizontal visibility 水平能见度vertical visibility 垂直能见度slant visibility 倾斜能见度meteor 大气现象weather phenomenon 天气现象clear sky 晴天partly cloudy 少云cloudy 多云overcast 阴天blue of the sky 天空蓝度apparent form of the sky 天穹形状state of ground 地面状态sky condition 天空状况precipitation 降水amount of precipitation 降水量precipitation intensity 降水强度showery precipitation 阵性降水convective precipitation 对流性降水non-convective precipitation 非对流性降水orographic precipitation 地形降水rain 雨rain virga 雨幡rain drop 雨滴rain shadow 雨影glaze 雨凇rain day 雨日rainfall [amount] 雨量continuous precipitation 连续性降水intermittent precipitation 间歇性降水showery rain 阵雨freezing rain 冻雨drizzle 毛毛雨light rain 小雨moderate rain 中雨heavy rain 大雨torrential rain 暴雨local precipitation 地方性降水orographic rain 地形雨storm 风暴sandstorm, duststorm 沙[尘]暴hail storm 雹暴haze 霾haze aloft 高空霾dust 浮尘blowing sand 高吹沙drifting sand 低吹沙dew 露frost 霜frost point 霜点first frost 初霜latest frost 终霜tornado 龙卷dust devil 尘卷风squall 飑snow 雪snow virga 雪幡sleet 雨夹雪showery snow 阵雪snow crystal 雪晶snowflake 雪花snow grains 米雪snowstorm 雪暴driven snow 吹雪drifting snow 低吹雪blowing snow 高吹雪snow cover 积雪snowfall [amount] 雪量snow depth 雪深snow day 雪日icing 积冰wire icing 电线积冰hail 冰雹hailstone 雹块ice pellet 冰丸thunder 雷thunderstorm 雷暴thunder shower 雷阵雨orographic thunderstorm 地形雷暴thunderstorm cell 雷暴单体atmospherics 天电lightning 闪电lightning channel 闪电通道forked lightning 叉状闪电sheet lightning 片状闪电ball lightning 球状闪电streak lightning 条状闪电pearl-necklace lightning 串珠状闪电fog 雾mist 轻雾wet fog 湿雾sea fog 海雾ice fog 冰雾frontal fog 锋面雾advection fog 平流雾radiation fog 辐射雾advection-radiation fog 平流辐射雾mixing fog 混合雾evaporation fog 蒸发雾supercooled fog 过冷却雾ground fog 地面雾upslope fog 上坡雾air-mass fog 气团雾tropical air fog 热带气团雾rime 雾凇graupel 霰percentage of sunshine 日照百分率sunshine duration 日照时数duration of possible sunshine 可照时数02. 大气探测atmospheric sounding and observing 大气探测meteorological observation 气象观测synoptic observation 天气观测synoptic hour 天气观测时间principal synoptic observation 基本天气观测intermediate synoptic observation 辅助天气观测surface observation 地面观测visual observation 目测background pollution observation 本底污染观测field observation 外场观测conventional observation 常规观测non-conventional observation 非常规观测ship observation 船舶观测fixed point observation 定点观测space-based observation 空基观测ground-based observation 地基观测mountain observation 山地观测sounding 探空upper air observation 高空观测auxiliary ship observation, ASO 辅助船舶观测aircraft sounding 飞机探测rocket sounding 火箭探测radio sounding 无线电探空captive balloon sounding 系留气球探测pilot balloon observation 测风气球观测radiowind observation 无线电测风观测standard time of observation 标准观测时间actual time of observation 实际观测时间observational frequency 观测次数observational error 观测误差supplementary observation 补充观测autographic records 自记记录surface data 地面资料upper air data 高空资料barometer level 气压表高度pressure reduction 气压换算barometric correction 气压订正international synoptic code 国际[天气]电码network of meteorological station 气象台站网observation site 观测场meteorological platform 气象观测平台ocean weather station 海洋气象站fixed ship station 固定船舶站mobile ship station 移动船舶站mountain observation station 高山[观]测站automatic meteorological station 自动气象站meteorological instrument 气象仪器screen,instrument shelter 百叶箱thermometer 温度表telethermometer 遥测温度表thermograph 温度计geothermometer 地温表surface geothermometer 地面温度表angle geothermometer 曲管地温表tube-typed geothermometer 直管地温表grass thermometer 草温表maximum thermometer 最高温度表minimum thermometer 最低温度表mercury thermometer 水银温度表Lyman-α hygrometer 莱曼-α湿度表bimetallic thermograph 双金属片温度计barograph 气压计aneroid barograph 空盒气压计mountain barograph 高山气压计barometer 气压表aneroid barometer 空盒气压表ship-barometer 船用气压表mountain barometer 高山气压表pressure altimeter 气压测高表normal barometer 标准气压表national standard barometer 国家标准气压表regional standard barometer 区域标准气压表absolute standard barometer 绝对标准气压表microbarograph 微压计mercury barometer 水银气压表Fortin barometer 福丁气压表Kew pattern barometer 寇乌气压表hygrograph 湿度计hygrometer 湿度表psychrometer 干湿表aspirated psychrometer 通风干湿表standard aspirated psychrometer 标准通风干湿表whirling psychrometer, sling psychrometer 手摇干湿表Assmann psychrometer 阿斯曼干湿表dew-point hygrometer 露点湿度表hair hygrometer 毛发湿度表hair hygrograph 毛发湿度计black and white bulb thermometer 黑白球温度表barothermograph 气压温度计dry-bulb thermometer 干球温度表wet-bulb thermometer 湿球温度表sunshine recorder 日照计Jordan sunshine recorder 乔唐日照计Campbell-Stokes sunshine recorder 康培尔-司托克日照计pyrheliometer 直接辐射表pyranometer 总辐射表sky radiometer diffusometer 天空辐射表albedometer 反照率表pyranometer 净辐射表pilot-balloon plotting board 测风绘图板hail-rain separator 雹雨分离器evaporograph 蒸发计evaporation pan 小型蒸发器evaporation tank 大型蒸发器standard pan 标准蒸发器ceiling projector 云幂灯visibility meter,visiometer 能见度表raingauge 雨量器pluviograph,recording raingauge 雨量计accumulative raingauge 累计雨量器tilting bucket raingauge 翻斗[式]雨量计electric conductivity raingauge 水导[式]雨量计siphon rainfall recorder 虹吸[式]雨量计rainfall intensity recorder 雨强计telemetering pluviograph 遥测雨量计wind vane 风向标anemometer 风速表contact anemometer 电接风速表cup anemometer 转杯风速表propeller anemometer 螺旋桨[式]风速表anemorumbometer 风向风速表hot-wire anemometer 热线风速表strong wind anemograph 强风仪navaid wind-finding 导航测风laser ceilometer 激光云幂仪anemograph 风速计radio theodolite 无线电经纬仪aerological theodolite 测风经纬仪radiosonde 无线电探空仪dropsonde 下投式探空仪constant level balloon 定高气球ultrasonic anemometer 超声测风仪ceiling balloon 云幂气球meteorological aircraft 气象飞机snow scale,snow depth scale 量雪尺weighting snow-gauge 称雪器drosometer, dewgauge 测露表frozen soil apparatus 冻土器sonde 探空仪profiler 廓线仪meteorological rocket 气象火箭sounding rocket 探空火箭weather radar 天气雷达meteorological radar 气象雷达lidar 激光雷达sodar, acoustic radar 声[雷]达Doppler radar 多普勒天气雷达incoherent radar 非相干雷达radar network composite 雷达组网radar sounding 雷达探空windfinding radar 测风雷达Doppler sodar 多普勒声达Doppler lidar 多普勒激光雷达MST radar MST雷达UHF Doppler radar 超高频雷达VHF radar 甚高频雷达coherent memory filter,CMF 相干存储滤波器radar rainfall integrator 雷达雨量积分器range velocity display, RVD 距离速度显示velocity azimuth display, V AD 速度方位显示constant altitude plan position indicator, CAPPI 等高平面位置显示器plan postion indicator, PPI 平面位置显示器plan shear indicator, PSI 平面切变显示器velocity azimuth range display, V ARD 速度方位距离显示radarsonde 雷达测风仪atmospheric remote sensing 大气遥感inverse technique 反演法temperature retrieval 温度反演inversion of satellite sounding 卫星探测反演meteorological satellite 气象卫星NIMBUS 雨云卫星NOAA 诺阿卫星polar-orbiting meteorological satellite 极轨气象卫星TIROS 泰罗斯卫星TIROS-N 泰罗斯-N卫星ESSA 艾萨卫星ITOS 艾托斯卫星geostationary meteorological satellite,GMS 地球静止气象卫星meteorological satellite ground station 气象卫星地面站microwave radiometer 微波辐射仪high resolution interferometric sounder 高分辨[率]干涉探测器high resolution infrared radiation sounder, HRIRS 高分辨[率]红外辐射探测器scanning radiometer, SR 扫描辐射仪very high resolution radiometer, VHRR 甚高分辨率辐射仪vertical temperature profile radiometer 温度垂直廓线辐射仪data collection platform, DCP 资料收集平台automatic picture transmission, APT 自动图象传输high resolution picture transmission, HRPT 高分辨[率]图象传输high resolution facsimile, HR-FAX 高分辨率[云图]传真low resolution facsimile, LR-FAX 低分辨率[云图]传真delay picture transmission, DPT 延时图象传输direct read-out ground station 直读式地面站weather facsimile, WEFAX 天气图传真synoptic data 天气资料non-synoptic data 非天气资料real time data 实时资料non-real time data 非实时资料stretched data 时展资料sub-satellite point [卫星]星下点temporal resolution 时间分辨率spatial resolution 空间分辨率full resolution 全分辨率radiation transfer equation 辐射传输方程atmospheric transmission model 大气传输模式03. 大气物理学atmospheric physics 大气物理[学]cloud physics 云物理学precipitation physics 降水物理学cloud dynamics 云动力学middle atmospheric physics 中层大气物理学aeronomy 高空大气学aerology 高空气象学radio meteorology 无线电气象学boundary layer meteorology 边界层气象学boundary layer climate 边界层气候atmospheric boundary layer 大气边界层air-sea interface 海气界面air-sea exchange 海气交换tracer diffusion experiment 示踪扩散实验surface layer 近地层surface roughness 地面粗糙度atmospheric duct 大气波导advection 平流convection 对流free convection 自由对流forced convection 强迫对流convection cell 对流单体Benard cell 贝纳胞Benard convection 贝纳对流convection model 对流模式updraught 上曳气流downdraught 下曳气流transitional flow 过渡气流dry deposition 干沉降wet deposition 湿沉降aerosol 气溶胶aerosol particle size distribution 气溶胶粒子谱aqueous aerosol 湿气溶胶stratospheric aerosol 平流层气溶胶hail generation zone 冰雹生成区conical hail 锥形冰雹hail embryo 雹核hail lobe 雹瓣hail pellet 雹粒cumulonimbus model 积雨云模式condensation process 凝结过程cloud condensation nuclei, CCN 云凝结核artificial nucleation 人工成核作用cloud top temperature 云顶温度ice-water mixed cloud 冰水混合云cloud structure 云结构cloud particle sampler 云滴采样器cloud droplet-size distribution 云滴谱cloud droplet collector 云滴谱仪raindrop size distribution 雨滴谱drop-size distribution parameter 滴谱参数disdrometer, raindrop disdrometer 雨滴谱仪fog-drop 雾滴cloud droplet 云滴supercooled cloud droplet 过冷云滴drop spectrum 滴谱collision 碰撞coagulation 碰并ice crystal 冰晶ice needle 冰针ice nucleus 冰核ice point 冰点condensation 凝结evaporation 蒸发potential evaporation 潜在蒸发solidification 凝固deposition 凝华sublimation 升华freezing 冻结freezing nucleus 冻结核condensation nucleus 凝结核salt nucleus 盐核cloud chamber 云室combustion nucleus 燃烧核deposition nucleus 凝华核weather modification 人工影响天气target area 目标区cloud dissipation 消云salt-seeding 盐粉播撒frost prevention 防霜cloud seeding 播云cloud seeding agent 播云剂artificial precipitation 人工降水hail suppression 防雹fog dissipation 消雾dynamic cloud seeding 动力播云radar meteorology 雷达气象学meteorological radar equation 气象雷达方程radar meteorological observation 雷达气象观测radar reflectivity factor 雷达反射率因子radar equivalent reflectivity factor 雷达等效反射率因子weather echo 天气回波cloud echo 云回波echo wall 回波墙superrefraction echo 超折射回波second trip echo 二次回波incoherent echo 非相干回波coherent echo 相干回波ground echo 地物回波clear air echo 晴空回波convective echo 对流回波whirling echo 涡旋状回波spiral rain-band echo 螺旋雨带回波layered echo 层状回波banded echo 带状回波hook echo 钩状回波weak echo vault 弱回波穹窿precipitation echo 降水回波angel echo 异常回波elevated echo 雨幡回波cell echo 单体回波supercell 超级单体multiple-cell echo 多单体回波echo complex 回波复合体cloud top height, CTH 云顶高度echo depth 回波厚度echo character 回波特征echo analysis 回波分析echo distortion 回波畸变radar reflectivity 雷达反射率superrefraction 超折射negative refraction 负折射tropospheric refraction 对流层折射beam filling coefficient 波束充塞系数range bin 距离库range averaging 距离平均azimuth averaging 方位平均range resolution 距离分辨率azimuth resolution 方位角分辨率number of range samples 距离采样数coherent-video signal 相干视频信号quantized signal 量化信号depolarization ratio 退偏振比rotation band 转动谱带Doppler velocity 多普勒速度range ambiguity 距离模糊maximum unambiguous range 最大不模糊距离velocity ambiguity 速度模糊realtime display 实时显示pattern recognition technique 图形识别技术tracking radar echoes by correlation,TREC 雷达回波相关跟踪法thunderstorm monitoring 雷暴监测gray scale 灰[色标]度cloud attenuation 云衰减precipitation attenuation 降水衰减range attenuation 距离衰减echo synthetic chart 回波综合图iso-echo contour 等回波线normalized echo intensity 归一化回波强度isolated cell 孤立单体weak cell 弱单体satellite meteorology 卫星气象学satellite sounding 卫星探测cloud cluster 云团satellite cloud picture 卫星云图sectorized cloud picture 分区云图picture mosaic 拼图image processing 图象处理distortion correction 畸变校正infrared cloud picture 红外云图visible cloud picture 可见光云图nulti-spectral image, MSI 多波段图象microwave image 微波图象image resolution 图象分辨率digitized cloud map 数字化云图enhanced cloud picture 增强云图false-color cloud picture 假彩色云图pseudo-color cloud picture 伪彩色云图full-disc cloud picture 全景圆盘云图nephanalysis 云[层]分析图brightness temperature 亮度温度cloud coverage 云覆盖区cloud street 云街cloud line 云线spiral cloud band 螺旋云带monsoon cloud cluster 季风云团tropical cloud cluster 热带云团squall cloud 飑线云shield cloud 盾状云open [cloud] cells 开口型细胞状云close [cloud] cells 封闭型细胞状云cellular pattern 细胞状云cloud system 云系comma cloud system 逗点云系banded cloud system 带状云系vortex cloud system 涡旋云系jet stream cloud system 急流云系satellite derived wind 卫星云迹风satellite cloud picture analysis 卫星云图分析limb scanning method 临边扫描法limb retrieval 临边反演occultation method 掩星法backscatter ultraviolet technique 紫外辐射后向散射法linear inversion 线性反演water vapor retrieval 水汽反演humidity retrieval 湿度反演limb brightening 临边增亮limb darkening 临边变暗sun glint 日照亮斑atmospheric radiation 大气辐射solar radiation 太阳辐射solar constant 太阳常数monochromatic radiation 单色辐射outgoing long-wave radiation, OLR 向外长波辐射visible light 可见光radiation balance 辐射平衡global radiation 总辐射direct radiation 直接辐射effective radiation 有效辐射scattered radiation 散射辐射diffuse radiation 漫射辐射sky radiation 天空辐射upward [tatal] radiation 向上[全]辐射downward [total] radiation 向下[全]辐射incoming radiation 入射辐射equivalent clear column radiance 等效晴空辐射率atmospheric transmissivity 大气透射率Van Allen radiation belt 范艾伦辐射带albedo of the earth-atmosphere system 地气系统反照率albedo of underlying surface 下垫面反照率earth radiation belt 地球辐射带nocturnal radiation 夜间辐射atmospheric counter radiation 大气逆辐射radiance 辐射率irradiation 辐照irradiance 辐照度reflected radiation 反射辐射albedo 反照率band model 带模式statistical band model 统计带模式regular band model 规则带模式random Elsasser band model 随机爱尔沙色带模式strong-line approximation 强线近似weak-line approximation 弱线近似planetary temperature 行星温度atmospheric attenuation 大气衰减atmospheric absorption 大气吸收atmospheric window 大气窗[atmospheric] absorptivity [大气]吸收率non-scattering atmosphere 无散射大气extinction coefficient 消光系数atmospheric radioactivity 大气放射性atmospheric optics 大气光学atmospheric optical spectrum 大气光谱atmospheric refraction 大气折射atmospheric optical mass 大气光学质量primary scattering 一次散射Mie scattering 米散射multiple scattering 多次散射Rayleigh scattering 瑞利散射volume scattering function 体散射函数forward scattering 前向散射backscattering 后向散射scattering cross-section 散射截面backscattering cross-section 后向散射截面one-way attenuation 单程衰减two-way attenuation 双程衰减scattering coefficient 散射系数attenuation coefficient 衰减系数attenuation cross-section 衰减截面absorption cross-section 吸收截面atmospheric polarization 大气偏振night-sky light 夜天光sky brightness, sky luminance 天空亮度atmospheric optical thickness, atmospheric optical depth 大气光学厚度[atmospheric] transparency [大气]透明度atmospheric optical phenomena 大气光学现象atmospheric turbidity 大气浑浊度turbidity factor 浑浊因子mirage 蜃景twilight 曙暮光aurora australis 南极光aurora borealis 北极光anthelion 反日parhelion 假日paraselene 假月46° halo 46度晕22° halo 22度晕solar halo 日晕lunar halo 月晕solar corona 日华lunar corona 月华rainbow 虹secondary rainbow 霓halo 晕corona 华twilight colors 霞airglow 气辉aurora 极光glory 宝光[环]atmospheric electricity 大气电学fair weather electric field 晴天电场air discharge 空中放电cloud-to-cloud discharge, intercloud discharge 云标放电cloud discharge 云放电cloud-to-ground discharge 云地[间]放电ionospheric storm 电离层暴ionospheric sudden disturbance 电离层突扰magnetic storm 磁暴atmospheric electric conductivity 大气电导率atmospheric acoustics 大气声学acoustic sounding 声学探测04. 大气化学atmospheric chemistry 大气化学atmospheric photochemistry 大气光化学atmospheric photolysis 大气光解作用atmospheric ozone 大气臭氧atmospheric trace gas 大气痕量气体photochemical reaction 光化反应photochemical smog 光化烟雾precipitation chemistry 降水化学threshold temperature of ice nucleation 成冰阈温05. 动力气象学dynamic meteorology 动力气象学atmospheric thermodynamics 大气热力学sensible heat 感热latent heat 潜热reversible adiabatic process 可逆绝热过程irreversible adiabatic process 不可逆绝热过程moisture inversion 逆湿thermodynamic equation 热力学方程temperature inversion 逆温turbulence inversion 湍流逆温surface inversion 地面逆温radiation inversion 辐射逆温capping inversion 覆盖逆温subsidence inversion 下沉逆温frontal inversion 锋面逆温inversion layer 逆温层isentropic chart 等熵面图tephigram 温熵图T-ln p diagram 温度-对数压力图temperature gradient 温度梯度temperature advection 温度平流adiabatic ascending 绝热上升adiabatic sinking 绝热下沉adiabatic cooling 绝热冷却adiabatic heating 绝热增温pseudo-adiabatic process 假绝热过程diabatic process 非绝热过程convective condensation level, CCL 对流凝结高度mixing condensation level 混合凝结高度temperature lapse rate 气温直减率dry adiabatic lapse rate 干绝热直减率moist adiabatic lapse rate 湿绝热直减率condensation level, CL 凝结高度condensation efficiency 凝结效率thermal stratification 热力层结equivalent temperature 相当温度virtual temperature 虚温dry adiabatic process 干绝热过程moist adiabatic process 湿绝热过程adiabatic diagram 绝热图pseudo-adiabatic diagram 假绝热图pseudo-adiabatic lapse rate 假绝热直减率potential temperature 位温pseudo-equivalent potential temperature 假相当位温wet-bulb potential temperature 湿球位温wet-bulb pseudo potential temperature 假湿球位温wet-bulb pseudo-temperature 假湿球温度atmospheric dynamics 大气动力学equation of motion 运动方程continuity equation 连续方程equation of state 状态方程vorticity equation 涡度方程divergence equation 散度方程hydrostatic equation 流体静力方程ω-equation ω方程perturbation equation 扰动方程thermal wind equation 热成风方程moisture [conservation] equation 水汽守恒方程advective equation 平流方程balance equation 平衡方程baroclinic process 斜压过程Reynolds stress 雷诺应力meteorological wind tunnel 气象风洞equivalent barotropic atmosphere 相当正压大气hydrostatic adjustment process 静力适应过程geostrophic adjustment 地转适应available potential energy 有效位能enstrophy 涡动拟能geopotential meter 位势米geopotential height 位势高度inertial instability 惯性不稳定free convection level 自由对流高度[atmospheric] stability [大气]稳定度[atmospheric] instability [大气]不稳定度static stability 静力稳定度index of stability 稳定度指数absolute stability 绝对稳定absolute instability 绝对不稳定neutral stability 中性稳定conditional instability 条件[性]不稳定inertial stability 惯性稳定度convective instability 对流不稳定convective stability 对流[性]稳定度atmospheric disturbance 大气扰动nonlinear instability 非线性不稳定[性] conditional instability of the second kind, CISK 第二类条件[性]不稳定shearing instability 切变不稳定barotropic instability 正压不稳定baroclinic instability 斜压不稳定latent instability 潜在不稳定conservation of potential vorticity 位涡守恒tendency equation 倾向方程z-coordinate z坐标p-coordinate p坐标σ-coordinate σ坐标θ-coordinate 位温坐标hybrid coordinate 混合坐标convergence 辐合divergence 辐散divergence 散度horizontal divergence 水平散度steering flow 引导气流vorticity 涡度relative vorticity 相对涡度absolute vorticity 绝对涡度planetary vorticity 行星涡度β-plane β平面conservation of absolute vorticity 绝对涡度守恒geostrophic vorticity 地转涡度cyclonic vorticity 气旋性涡度anticyclonic vorticity 反气旋涡度shearing vorticity 切变涡度curvature vorticity 曲率涡度potential vorticity 位势涡度eddy conductivity 涡动传导率eddy viscosity 涡动粘滞率friction velocity 摩擦速度eddy shearing stress 涡动切应力atmospheric wave 大气波动adjustment of longwave 长波调整inertia wave 惯性波baroclinic wave 斜压波barotropic wave 正压波gravity wave 重力波inertia-gravity wave 惯性重力波internal gravity wave 重力内波external gravity wave 重力外波gravity wave drag 重力波拖曳drag coefficient 拖曳系数orographic drag 地形拖曳orographic wave 地形波lee wave 背风波Helmholtz wave 赫姆霍兹波Kelvin wave 开尔文波Lamb wave 兰姆波Rossby wave 罗斯贝波stationary wave 定常波transient wave 瞬变波solitary wave 孤立波progressive wave 前进波retrograde wave 后退波shearing wave 切变波mixed Rossby-gravity wave 混合罗斯贝重力波ultra-long wave 超长波atmospheric noise 大气噪声Prandtl number 普朗特数Rayleigh number 瑞利数Reynolds number 雷诺数Richardson number 里查森数Froude number 弗劳德数Rossby number 罗斯贝数rotating dishpan experiment 转盘实验Hadley regime 哈得来域Rossby regime 罗斯贝域mixing layer 混合层non-divergence level 无辐散层cyclostrophic wind 旋衡风gradient wind 梯度风countergradient wind 反梯度风subgradient wind 次梯度风supergradient wind 超梯度风thermal wind 热成风veering wind 顺转风backing wind 逆转风wind shear 风切变geostrophic wind 地转风antitriptic wind 摩擦风subgeostrophic wind 次地转风supergeostrophic wind 超地转风ageostrophic wind 非地转风isallobaric wind 变压风jet stream 急流northern branch jet stream 北支急流southern branch jet stream 南支急流basic flow 基本气流subtropical jet stream 副热带急流axis of jet stream 急流轴streamline 流线westerly jet 西风急流convective cloud 对流云deep convection 深对流shallow convection 浅对流line convection 线对流Ekman flow 埃克曼流thermal convection 热对流moist convection 湿对流cumulus convection 积云对流mesoscale convective system, MCS 中尺度对流系统warm advection 暖平流cold advection 冷平流upward flow 上升气流downward flow 下沉气流convective adjustment 对流调整convective parameterization 对流参数化mesoscale convective complex, MCC 中尺度对流复合体geostrophic motion 地转运动quasi-geostrophic motion 准地转运动semi-geostrophic motion 半地转运动ageostrophic motion 非地转运动irrotational motion 无旋运动nondivergent motion 无辐散运动baroclinic atmosphere 斜压大气barotropic atmosphere 正压大气baroclinic mode 斜压模态barotropic mode 正压模态normal mode 正规模态Ekman layer 埃克曼层Ekman spiral 埃克曼螺线atmospheric circulation 大气环流meridional circulation 经向环流zonal circulation 纬向环流Hadley cell 哈得来环流Walker cell 沃克环流direct circulation 直接环流indirect circulation 间接环流[圈]trade-wind circulation 信风环流circulation cell 环流圈local circulation 局地环流three-cell [meridional] circulation 三圈经向环流circulation index 环流指数high index 高指数low index 低指数index cycle 指数循环circulation theorem 环流定理Kelvin's theorem of circulation 开尔文环流定理Bjerknes circulation theorem 皮叶克尼斯环流定理cross-equatorial flow 越赤道气流adjustment of circulation 环流调整mesospheric circulation 中间层环流large-scale circulation 大尺度环流atmospheric center of action 大气活动中心stratospheric sudden warming 平流层爆发[性]增温atmospheric turbulence 大气湍流eddy 涡旋flux 通量turbulent flux 湍流通量isotropic turbulence 各向同性湍流mixing length 混合长K theory of turbulence 湍流[WTHZ]K[WT][HT5H]理论Prandtl mixing-length theory 普朗特混合长理论turbulent boundary layer 湍流边界层laminar boundary layer 层流边界层turbulence spectrum 湍流谱turbulence energy 湍流能量turbulent exchange 湍流交换turbulent diffusion 湍流扩散Eliassen-Palm flux EP通量lateral mixing 侧向混合chaos 混沌numerical weather prediction, NWP 数值天气预报model output statistic prediction, MOS prediction 模式输出统计预报equivalent barotropic model 相当正压模式quasi-geostrophic model 准地转模式filtered model 过滤模式adiabatic model 绝热模式primitive equation model 原始方程模式mesoscale model 中尺度模式scaling 尺度分析synoptic scale 天气尺度planetary scale 行星尺度meso scale 中尺度meso-α scale α中尺度meso-β scale β中尺度meso-γ scale γ中尺度spectral model 谱模式movable fine-mesh model 可移动细网格模式semi-implicit scheme 半隐式格式conservation scheme 守恒格式finite difference model 差分模式upstream scheme 迎风差格式computational instability 线性计算不稳定perturbation method 小扰动法energy cascade 能量串级objective analysis 客观分析physical mode 物理模[态]computational mode 计算模[态]model resolution 模式分辨率skill score 技巧分subgrid scale parameterization 次网格尺度参数化normal mode initialization 正规模[态]初值化dynamic initialization 动力初值化static initialization 静力初值化four-dimensional data assimilation 四维资料同化rigid boundary condition 刚体边界条件spongy boundary condition 海绵边界条件first guess 初估值time smoothing 时间平滑space smoothing 空间平滑。
英语气象词汇
1、气候种类山地气候mountain climate冬季季风气候winter monsoon climate 季风气候monsoon climate亚热带气候sub-tropical climate高原气候plateau climate海滨气候littoral climate极地气候polar climate热带气候tropical climate温带沙漠气候temperate desert climate 温带干燥气候temperate arid climate热带季风气候tropical monsson climate 大陆气候continental climate沙漠气候desert climate沿海气候coastal climate高地气候highland climate海洋气候marine climate森林气候forest climate温带气候temperate climate湿润气候humid climate温带草原气候temperate grassy climate 热带雨林气候tropical rainy climate热带海洋气候tropical marine climate 2、风的名称风级wind scale龙卷风tornado恒风constant wind微风breeze、gentle breeze 逆风headwind无风calm轻风light breeze信风trade wind和风moderate breeze清风fresh breeze大风gale强风strong breeze西北风northwester疾风near gale、gusty wind 狂风squall 、storm烈风strong gale暴风violent storm东北信风northeast trades 飓风hurricane东南风southeaster东北风northeaster北风north wind东风east wind顺风favorable wind西南风southwester台风typhoon3、气象用语天气预报weather forecast 虹rainbow雨点raindrops雨季rainy season甘霖welcome rain小雨light rain阵雨shower毛毛雨drizzle,fine rain大雨heavy rain地形雨local rains反常天气freakish weather 气旋cyclone低气压low-pressure高气压high-pressure气压barometric pressure 冰ice阴天cloudy day冰点freezing point雪花snow flake晴clear锋面frontal edge冷峰cold front闷热天气muggy weather 雨量rainfall间歇雨intermittent rain雹hail雷thunder滂沱大雨downpour炎热scorching heat 风眼eye of a storm 零度zero零度以下subzero气团air mass闪电lightning雾fog凉cool霜frost雪堆snowdrift露dew寒冷chilly冰柱icicle4、浪的名称平静calm微波rippled微浪smooth wavelets 细浪light seas热浪heat wave小浪moderate seas 中浪rough seas大浪very rough seas强浪high seas狂浪monster waves巨浪very high seas5、自然灾害海啸tidal wave山崩landslide火山地震volcanic earthquake。
气象专业英语词汇
精心整理精心整理主题词表EnglishChinese 01.大气atmosphericscience 大气科学meteorology 气象学theoreticalmeteorology 理论气象学mesometeorology 中尺度气象学micrometeorology 微气象学physicalmeteorology 物理气象学atmosphere 大气evolutionofatmosphere 大气演化atmosphericimpurity 大气杂质atmosphericsuspendedmatter 大气悬浮物atmosphericdiffusion 大气扩散atmosphericcomposition 大气成分atmosphericion 大气离子atmosphericmass 大气质量airquality 大气品位atmosphericdensity 大气密度atmosphericsubdivision 大气分层homosphere 均质层heterosphere 非均质层homopause 均质层顶significantlevel 特性层standard[pressure]level 标准层isothermallayer 等温层loweratmosphere 低层大气middleatmosphere 中层大气upperatmosphere 高层大气troposphere 对流层tropopause 对流层顶stratosphere 平流层stratopause 平流层顶mesosphere 中间层mesopause 中间层顶thermosphere 热层exosphere 外[逸]层ionosphere 电离层magnetosphere 磁层magnetopause 磁层顶chemosphere 光化层chemopause 光化层顶ozonosphere 臭氧层freeatmosphere 自由大气planetaryatmosphere 行星大气standardatmosphere(referenceatmosphere)标准大气（参考大气）homogeneousatmosphere 均质大气isothermalatmosphere 等温大气polytropicatmosphere 多元大气scaleheight 大气标高meteorologicalelement 气象要素airtemperature 气温wet-bulbtemperature 湿球温度dry-bulbtemperature 干球温度temperatureprofile 温度廓线atmosphericpressure 气压standardatmospherepressure 标准大气压stationpressure 本站气压sea-levelpressure 海平面气压pressuregradient 气压梯度barometricheightformula 压高公式pressuregradientforce 气压梯度力Coriolisforce 科里奥利力watervapor 水[蒸]汽transferofwatervapor 水汽输送watervaporprofile 水汽廓线watervaporpressure 水汽压humidity 湿度relativehumidity 相对湿度absolutehumidity 绝对湿度specifichumidity 比湿mixingratio 混合比dewpoint[temperature]露点(温度) depressionofthedewpoint （温度）露点差super-saturatedair 过饱和空气saturationspecifichumidity 饱和比湿saturationvaporpressure 饱和水汽压psychrometricformula 测湿公式saturationdeficit 饱和差internationalcloudatlas 国际云图cloud 云lowcloud 低云middlecloud 中云highcloud 高云cloudbase 云底cloudtop 云顶cloudceiling 云幂cloudamount 云量totalcloudcover 总云量cloudwithverticaldevelopment直展云cloudheight云高cloudgenera云属cloudetage云族cloudspecies云种cloudvariety云类cloudform云状cirrus,Ci卷云cirrusfibratus,Cifib毛卷云cirrusspissatus,Cispi密卷云cirrusuncinus,Ciunc钩卷云cirrostratus,Cs卷层云cirrostratusfibratus,Csfib毛卷层云cirrostratusnebulosus,Csneb薄幕卷层云cirrocumulus,Cc卷积云altocumulus,Ac高积云altocumulustranslucidus,Actr透光高积云altocumulusopacus,Acop蔽光高积云altocumuluslenticularis,Aclen荚状高积云altocumuluscumulogenitus,Accug积云性高积云altocumulusfloccus絮状高积云altocumuluscastellanus,Accas堡状高积云altostratus,As高层云altostratustranslucidus,Astr透光高层云altostratusopacus,Asop蔽光高层云cumulus,Cu积云cumulushumilis,Cuhum淡积云cumulusmediocris,Cumed中展积云cumulusfractus,Cufra碎积云cumuluscongestus,Cucon浓积云cumulonimbus,Cb积雨云cumulonimbuscalvus,Cbcal秃积雨云cumulonimbuscapillatus,Cbcap鬃积雨云stratocumulus,Sc层积云stratocumulustranslucidus,Sctr透光层积云stratocumulusopacus,Scop蔽光层积云stratocumuluscumulogenitus,Sccug积云性层积云stratocumuluscastellanus,Sccas堡状层积云stratocumuluslenticularis,Sclen荚状层积云stratus,St层云stratusfractus,Stfra碎层云nimbostratus,Ns雨层云stratiformcloud层状云cumuliformcloud积状云fracto-nimbus,Fn碎雨云chaoticsky混乱天空coldcloud冷云warmcloud暖云icecloud冰云watercloud水云hailcloud[冰]雹云wind风winddirection风向windspeed,windvelocity风速maximumwindspeed最大风速extremewindspeed极大风速windspeedprofile风速廓线horizontalwindvector水平风矢量windforce风力windforcescale风级Beaufort[wind]scale蒲福风级calm0级风lightair1级风lightbreeze2级风gentlebreeze3级风moderatebreeze4级风freshbreeze5级风strongbreeze6级风neargale7级风gale8级风stronggale9级风storm10级风violentstorm11级风hurricane12级风gust阵风localwind地方性风surfacewind地面风foehn焚风mountain-valleybreeze山谷风sea-landbreeze海陆风on-shorewind向岸风off-shorewind离岸风gorgewind峡谷风slopewind坡风glacierbreeze冰川风drainagewind流泄风visibility能见度effectivevisibility有效能见度visualrangeoflight灯光能见距离surfacevisibility地面能见度horizontalvisibility水平能见度verticalvisibility垂直能见度精心整理slantvisibility倾斜能见度meteor大气现象weatherphenomenon天气现象clearsky晴天partlycloudy少云cloudy多云overcast阴天blueofthesky天空蓝度apparentformofthesky天穹形状stateofground地面状态skycondition天空状况precipitation降水amountofprecipitation降水量precipitationintensity降水强度showeryprecipitation阵性降水convectiveprecipitation对流性降水non-convectiveprecipitation非对流性降水orographicprecipitation地形降水rain雨rainvirga雨幡raindrop雨滴rainshadow雨影glaze雨凇rainday雨日rainfall[amount]雨量continuousprecipitation连续性降水intermittentprecipitation间歇性降水showeryrain阵雨freezingrain冻雨drizzle毛毛雨lightrain小雨moderaterain中雨heavyrain大雨torrentialrain暴雨localprecipitation地方性降水orographicrain地形雨storm风暴sandstorm,duststorm沙[尘]暴hailstorm雹暴haze霾hazealoft高空霾dust浮尘blowingsand高吹沙driftingsand低吹沙dew露frost霜frostpoint霜点firstfrost初霜latestfrost终霜tornado龙卷dustdevil尘卷风squall飑snow雪snowvirga雪幡sleet雨夹雪showerysnow阵雪snowcrystal雪晶snowflake雪花snowgrains米雪snowstorm雪暴drivensnow吹雪driftingsnow低吹雪blowingsnow高吹雪snowcover积雪snowfall[amount]雪量snowdepth雪深snowday雪日icing积冰wireicing电线积冰hail冰雹hailstone雹块icepellet冰丸thunder雷thunderstorm雷暴thundershower雷阵雨orographicthunderstorm地形雷暴thunderstormcell雷暴单体atmospherics天电lightning闪电lightningchannel闪电通道forkedlightning叉状闪电sheetlightning片状闪电balllightning球状闪电streaklightning条状闪电pearl-necklacelightning串珠状闪电fog雾mist轻雾wetfog湿雾seafog海雾icefog冰雾frontalfog锋面雾advectionfog平流雾精心整理radiationfog辐射雾advection-radiationfog平流辐射雾mixingfog混合雾evaporationfog蒸发雾supercooledfog过冷却雾groundfog地面雾upslopefog上坡雾air-massfog气团雾tropicalairfog热带气团雾rime雾凇graupel霰percentageofsunshine日照百分率sunshineduration日照时数durationofpossiblesunshine可照时数02.大气探测atmosphericsoundingandobserving大气探测meteorologicalobservation气象观测synopticobservation天气观测synoptichour天气观测时间principalsynopticobservation基本天气观测intermediatesynopticobservation辅助天气观测surfaceobservation地面观测visualobservation目测backgroundpollutionobservation本底污染观测fieldobservation外场观测conventionalobservation常规观测non-conventionalobservation非常规观测shipobservation船舶观测fixedpointobservation定点观测space-basedobservation空基观测ground-basedobservation地基观测mountainobservation山地观测sounding探空upperairobservation高空观测auxiliaryshipobservation,ASO辅助船舶观测aircraftsounding飞机探测rocketsounding火箭探测radiosounding无线电探空captiveballoonsounding系留气球探测pilotballoonobservation测风气球观测radiowindobservation无线电测风观测standardtimeofobservation标准观测时间actualtimeofobservation实际观测时间observationalfrequency观测次数observationalerror观测误差supplementaryobservation补充观测autographicrecords自记记录surfacedata地面资料upperairdata高空资料barometerlevel气压表高度pressurereduction气压换算barometriccorrection气压订正internationalsynopticcode国际[天气]电码networkofmeteorologicalstation气象台站网observationsite观测场meteorologicalplatform气象观测平台oceanweatherstation海洋气象站fixedshipstation固定船舶站mobileshipstation移动船舶站mountainobservationstation高山[观]测站automaticmeteorologicalstation自动气象站meteorologicalinstrument气象仪器screen,instrumentshelter百叶箱thermometer温度表telethermometer遥测温度表thermograph温度计geothermometer地温表surfacegeothermometer地面温度表anglegeothermometer曲管地温表tube-typedgeothermometer直管地温表grassthermometer草温表maximumthermometer最高温度表minimumthermometer最低温度表mercurythermometer水银温度表Lyman-αhygrometer莱曼-α湿度表bimetallicthermograph双金属片温度计barograph气压计aneroidbarograph空盒气压计mountainbarograph高山气压计barometer气压表aneroidbarometer空盒气压表ship-barometer船用气压表mountainbarometer高山气压表pressurealtimeter气压测高表normalbarometer标准气压表nationalstandardbarometer国家标准气压表regionalstandardbarometer区域标准气压表absolutestandardbarometer绝对标准气压表microbarograph微压计mercurybarometer水银气压表Fortinbarometer福丁气压表Kewpatternbarometer寇乌气压表精心整理hygrograph湿度计hygrometer湿度表psychrometer干湿表aspiratedpsychrometer通风干湿表standardaspiratedpsychrometer标准通风干湿表whirlingpsychrometer,slingpsychrometer手摇干湿表Assmannpsychrometer阿斯曼干湿表dew-pointhygrometer露点湿度表hairhygrometer毛发湿度表hairhygrograph毛发湿度计blackandwhitebulbthermometer黑白球温度表barothermograph气压温度计dry-bulbthermometer干球温度表wet-bulbthermometer湿球温度表sunshinerecorder日照计Jordansunshinerecorder乔唐日照计Campbell-Stokessunshinerecorder康培尔-司托克日照计pyrheliometer直接辐射表pyranometer总辐射表skyradiometerdiffusometer天空辐射表albedometer反照率表pyranometer净辐射表pilot-balloonplottingboard测风绘图板hail-rainseparator雹雨分离器evaporograph蒸发计evaporationpan小型蒸发器evaporationtank大型蒸发器standardpan标准蒸发器ceilingprojector云幂灯visibilitymeter,visiometer能见度表raingauge雨量器pluviograph,recordingraingauge雨量计accumulativeraingauge累计雨量器tiltingbucketraingauge翻斗[式]雨量计electricconductivityraingauge水导[式]雨量计siphonrainfallrecorder虹吸[式]雨量计rainfallintensityrecorder雨强计telemeteringpluviograph遥测雨量计windvane风向标anemometer风速表contactanemometer电接风速表cupanemometer转杯风速表propelleranemometer螺旋桨[式]风速表anemorumbometer风向风速表hot-wireanemometer热线风速表strongwindanemograph强风仪navaidwind-finding导航测风laserceilometer激光云幂仪anemograph风速计radiotheodolite无线电经纬仪aerologicaltheodolite测风经纬仪radiosonde无线电探空仪dropsonde下投式探空仪constantlevelballoon定高气球ultrasonicanemometer超声测风仪ceilingballoon云幂气球meteorologicalaircraft气象飞机snowscale,snowdepthscale量雪尺weightingsnow-gauge称雪器drosometer,dewgauge测露表frozensoilapparatus冻土器sonde探空仪profiler廓线仪meteorologicalrocket气象火箭soundingrocket探空火箭weatherradar天气雷达meteorologicalradar气象雷达lidar激光雷达sodar,acousticradar声[雷]达Dopplerradar多普勒天气雷达incoherentradar非相干雷达radarnetworkcomposite雷达组网radarsounding雷达探空windfindingradar测风雷达Dopplersodar多普勒声达Dopplerlidar多普勒激光雷达MSTradarMST雷达UHFDopplerradar超高频雷达VHFradar甚高频雷达coherentmemoryfilter,CMF相干存储滤波器radarrainfallintegrator雷达雨量积分器rangevelocitydisplay,RVD距离速度显示velocityazimuthdisplay,VAD速度方位显示constantaltitudeplanpositionindicator,CAPPI等高平面位置显示器planpostionindicator,PPI平面位置显示器planshearindicator,PSI平面切变显示器velocityazimuthrangedisplay,V ARD速度方位距离显示radarsonde雷达测风仪精心整理atmosphericremotesensing大气遥感inversetechnique反演法temperatureretrieval温度反演inversionofsatellitesounding卫星探测反演meteorologicalsatellite气象卫星NIMBUS雨云卫星NOAA诺阿卫星polar-orbitingmeteorologicalsatellite极轨气象卫星TIROS泰罗斯卫星TIROS-N泰罗斯-N卫星ESSA艾萨卫星ITOS艾托斯卫星geostationarymeteorologicalsatellite,GMS地球静止气象卫星meteorologicalsatellitegroundstation气象卫星地面站microwaveradiometer微波辐射仪highresolutioninterferometricsounder高分辨[率]干涉探测器highresolutioninfraredradiationsounder,HRIRS高分辨[率]红外辐射探测器scanningradiometer,SR扫描辐射仪veryhighresolutionradiometer,VHRR甚高分辨率辐射仪verticaltemperatureprofileradiometer温度垂直廓线辐射仪datacollectionplatform,DCP资料收集平台automaticpicturetransmission,APT自动图象传输highresolutionpicturetransmission,HRPT高分辨[率]图象传输highresolutionfacsimile,HR-FAX高分辨率[云图]传真lowresolutionfacsimile,LR-FAX低分辨率[云图]传真delaypicturetransmission,DPT延时图象传输directread-outgroundstation直读式地面站weatherfacsimile,WEFAX天气图传真synopticdata天气资料non-synopticdata非天气资料realtimedata实时资料non-realtimedata非实时资料stretcheddata时展资料sub-satellitepoint[卫星]星下点temporalresolution时间分辨率spatialresolution空间分辨率fullresolution全分辨率radiationtransferequation辐射传输方程atmospherictransmissionmodel大气传输模式03.大气物理学atmosphericphysics大气物理[学] cloudphysics云物理学precipitationphysics降水物理学clouddynamics云动力学middleatmosphericphysics中层大气物理学aeronomy高空大气学aerology高空气象学radiometeorology无线电气象学boundarylayermeteorology边界层气象学boundarylayerclimate边界层气候atmosphericboundarylayer大气边界层air-seainterface海气界面air-seaexchange海气交换tracerdiffusionexperiment示踪扩散实验surfacelayer近地层surfaceroughness地面粗糙度atmosphericduct大气波导advection平流convection对流freeconvection自由对流forcedconvection强迫对流convectioncell对流单体Benardcell贝纳胞Benardconvection贝纳对流convectionmodel对流模式updraught上曳气流downdraught下曳气流transitionalflow过渡气流drydeposition干沉降wetdeposition湿沉降aerosol气溶胶aerosolparticlesizedistribution气溶胶粒子谱aqueousaerosol湿气溶胶stratosphericaerosol平流层气溶胶hailgenerationzone冰雹生成区conicalhail锥形冰雹hailembryo雹核haillobe雹瓣hailpellet雹粒cumulonimbusmodel积雨云模式condensationprocess凝结过程cloudcondensationnuclei,CCN云凝结核artificialnucleation人工成核作用精心整理cloudtoptemperature云顶温度ice-watermixedcloud冰水混合云cloudstructure云结构cloudparticlesampler云滴采样器clouddroplet-sizedistribution云滴谱clouddropletcollector云滴谱仪raindropsizedistribution雨滴谱drop-sizedistributionparameter滴谱参数disdrometer,raindropdisdrometer雨滴谱仪fog-drop雾滴clouddroplet云滴supercooledclouddroplet过冷云滴dropspectrum滴谱collision碰撞coagulation碰并icecrystal冰晶iceneedle冰针icenucleus冰核icepoint冰点condensation凝结evaporation蒸发potentialevaporation潜在蒸发solidification凝固deposition凝华sublimation升华freezing冻结freezingnucleus冻结核condensationnucleus凝结核saltnucleus盐核cloudchamber云室combustionnucleus燃烧核depositionnucleus凝华核weathermodification人工影响天气targetarea目标区clouddissipation消云salt-seeding盐粉播撒frostprevention防霜cloudseeding播云cloudseedingagent播云剂artificialprecipitation人工降水hailsuppression防雹fogdissipation消雾dynamiccloudseeding动力播云radarmeteorology雷达气象学meteorologicalradarequation气象雷达方程radarmeteorologicalobservation雷达气象观测radarreflectivityfactor雷达反射率因子radarequivalentreflectivityfactor雷达等效反射率因子weatherecho天气回波cloudecho云回波echowall回波墙superrefractionecho超折射回波secondtripecho二次回波incoherentecho非相干回波coherentecho相干回波groundecho地物回波clearairecho晴空回波convectiveecho对流回波whirlingecho涡旋状回波spiralrain-bandecho螺旋雨带回波layeredecho层状回波bandedecho带状回波hookecho钩状回波weakechovault弱回波穹窿precipitationecho降水回波angelecho异常回波elevatedecho雨幡回波cellecho单体回波supercell超级单体multiple-cellecho多单体回波echocomplex回波复合体cloudtopheight,CTH云顶高度echodepth回波厚度echocharacter回波特征echoanalysis回波分析echodistortion回波畸变radarreflectivity雷达反射率superrefraction超折射negativerefraction负折射troposphericrefraction对流层折射beamfillingcoefficient波束充塞系数rangebin距离库rangeaveraging距离平均azimuthaveraging方位平均rangeresolution距离分辨率azimuthresolution方位角分辨率numberofrangesamples距离采样数coherent-videosignal相干视频信号quantizedsignal量化信号depolarizationratio退偏振比rotationband转动谱带精心整理Dopplervelocity多普勒速度rangeambiguity距离模糊maximumunambiguousrange最大不模糊距离velocityambiguity速度模糊realtimedisplay实时显示patternrecognitiontechnique图形识别技术trackingradarechoesbycorrelation,TREC雷达回波相关跟踪法thunderstormmonitoring雷暴监测grayscale灰[色标]度cloudattenuation云衰减precipitationattenuation降水衰减rangeattenuation距离衰减echosyntheticchart回波综合图iso-echocontour等回波线normalizedechointensity归一化回波强度isolatedcell孤立单体weakcell弱单体satellitemeteorology卫星气象学satellitesounding卫星探测cloudcluster云团satellitecloudpicture卫星云图sectorizedcloudpicture分区云图picturemosaic拼图imageprocessing图象处理distortioncorrection畸变校正infraredcloudpicture红外云图visiblecloudpicture可见光云图nulti-spectralimage,MSI多波段图象microwaveimage微波图象imageresolution图象分辨率digitizedcloudmap数字化云图enhancedcloudpicture增强云图false-colorcloudpicture假彩色云图pseudo-colorcloudpicture伪彩色云图full-disccloudpicture全景圆盘云图nephanalysis云[层]分析图brightnesstemperature亮度温度cloudcoverage云覆盖区cloudstreet云街cloudline云线spiralcloudband螺旋云带monsooncloudcluster季风云团tropicalcloudcluster热带云团squallcloud飑线云shieldcloud盾状云open[cloud]cells开口型细胞状云close[cloud]cells封闭型细胞状云cellularpattern细胞状云cloudsystem云系commacloudsystem逗点云系bandedcloudsystem带状云系vortexcloudsystem涡旋云系jetstreamcloudsystem急流云系satellitederivedwind卫星云迹风satellitecloudpictureanalysis卫星云图分析limbscanningmethod临边扫描法limbretrieval临边反演occultationmethod掩星法backscatterultraviolettechnique紫外辐射后向散射法linearinversion线性反演watervaporretrieval水汽反演humidityretrieval湿度反演limbbrightening临边增亮limbdarkening临边变暗sunglint日照亮斑atmosphericradiation大气辐射solarradiation太阳辐射solarconstant太阳常数monochromaticradiation单色辐射outgoinglong-waveradiation,OLR向外长波辐射visiblelight可见光radiationbalance辐射平衡globalradiation总辐射directradiation直接辐射effectiveradiation有效辐射scatteredradiation散射辐射diffuseradiation漫射辐射skyradiation天空辐射upward[tatal]radiation向上[全]辐射downward[total]radiation向下[全]辐射incomingradiation入射辐射equivalentclearcolumnradiance等效晴空辐射率atmospherictransmissivity大气透射率VanAllenradiationbelt范艾伦辐射带albedooftheearth-atmospheresystem地气系统反照率albedoofunderlyingsurface下垫面反照率earthradiationbelt地球辐射带nocturnalradiation夜间辐射atmosphericcounterradiation大气逆辐射精心整理radiance辐射率irradiation辐照irradiance辐照度reflectedradiation反射辐射albedo反照率bandmodel带模式statisticalbandmodel统计带模式regularbandmodel规则带模式randomElsasserbandmodel随机爱尔沙色带模式strong-lineapproximation强线近似weak-lineapproximation弱线近似planetarytemperature行星温度atmosphericattenuation大气衰减atmosphericabsorption大气吸收atmosphericwindow大气窗[atmospheric]absorptivity[大气]吸收率non-scatteringatmosphere无散射大气extinctioncoefficient消光系数atmosphericradioactivity大气放射性atmosphericoptics大气光学atmosphericopticalspectrum大气光谱atmosphericrefraction大气折射atmosphericopticalmass大气光学质量primaryscattering一次散射Miescattering米散射multiplescattering多次散射Rayleighscattering瑞利散射volumescatteringfunction体散射函数forwardscattering前向散射backscattering后向散射scatteringcross-section散射截面backscatteringcross-section后向散射截面one-wayattenuation单程衰减two-wayattenuation双程衰减scatteringcoefficient散射系数attenuationcoefficient衰减系数attenuationcross-section衰减截面absorptioncross-section吸收截面atmosphericpolarization大气偏振night-skylight夜天光skybrightness,skyluminance天空亮度atmosphericopticalthickness,atmosphericopticaldep th大气光学厚度[atmospheric]transparency[大气]透明度atmosphericopticalphenomena大气光学现象atmosphericturbidity大气浑浊度turbidityfactor浑浊因子mirage蜃景twilight曙暮光auroraaustralis南极光auroraborealis北极光anthelion反日parhelion假日paraselene假月46°halo46度晕22°halo22度晕solarhalo日晕lunarhalo月晕solarcorona日华lunarcorona月华rainbow虹secondaryrainbow霓halo晕corona华twilightcolors霞airglow气辉aurora极光glory宝光[环]atmosphericelectricity大气电学fairweatherelectricfield晴天电场airdischarge空中放电cloud-to-clouddischarge,interclouddischarge云标放电clouddischarge云放电cloud-to-grounddischarge云地[间]放电ionosphericstorm电离层暴ionosphericsuddendisturbance电离层突扰magneticstorm磁暴atmosphericelectricconductivity大气电导率atmosphericacoustics大气声学acousticsounding声学探测04.大气化学atmosphericchemistry大气化学atmosphericphotochemistry大气光化学atmosphericphotolysis大气光解作用atmosphericozone大气臭氧atmospherictracegas大气痕量气体photochemicalreaction光化反应photochemicalsmog光化烟雾precipitationchemistry降水化学thresholdtemperatureoficenucleation成冰阈温05.动力气象学精心整理dynamicmeteorology动力气象学atmosphericthermodynamics大气热力学sensibleheat感热latentheat潜热reversibleadiabaticprocess可逆绝热过程irreversibleadiabaticprocess不可逆绝热过程moistureinversion逆湿thermodynamicequation热力学方程temperatureinversion逆温turbulenceinversion湍流逆温surfaceinversion地面逆温radiationinversion辐射逆温cappinginversion覆盖逆温subsidenceinversion下沉逆温frontalinversion锋面逆温inversionlayer逆温层isentropicchart等熵面图tephigram温熵图T-lnpdiagram温度-对数压力图temperaturegradient温度梯度temperatureadvection温度平流adiabaticascending绝热上升adiabaticsinking绝热下沉adiabaticcooling绝热冷却adiabaticheating绝热增温pseudo-adiabaticprocess假绝热过程diabaticprocess非绝热过程convectivecondensationlevel,CCL对流凝结高度mixingcondensationlevel混合凝结高度temperaturelapserate气温直减率dryadiabaticlapserate干绝热直减率moistadiabaticlapserate湿绝热直减率condensationlevel,CL凝结高度condensationefficiency凝结效率thermalstratification热力层结equivalenttemperature相当温度virtualtemperature虚温dryadiabaticprocess干绝热过程moistadiabaticprocess湿绝热过程adiabaticdiagram绝热图pseudo-adiabaticdiagram假绝热图pseudo-adiabaticlapserate假绝热直减率potentialtemperature位温pseudo-equivalentpotentialtemperature假相当位温wet-bulbpotentialtemperature湿球位温wet-bulbpseudopotentialtemperature假湿球位温wet-bulbpseudo-temperature假湿球温度atmosphericdynamics大气动力学equationofmotion运动方程continuityequation连续方程equationofstate状态方程vorticityequation涡度方程divergenceequation散度方程hydrostaticequation流体静力方程ω-equationω方程perturbationequation扰动方程thermalwindequation热成风方程moisture[conservation]equation水汽守恒方程advectiveequation平流方程balanceequation平衡方程baroclinicprocess斜压过程Reynoldsstress雷诺应力meteorologicalwindtunnel气象风洞equivalentbarotropicatmosphere相当正压大气hydrostaticadjustmentprocess静力适应过程geostrophicadjustment地转适应availablepotentialenergy有效位能enstrophy涡动拟能geopotentialmeter位势米geopotentialheight位势高度inertialinstability惯性不稳定freeconvectionlevel自由对流高度[atmospheric]stability[大气]稳定度[atmospheric]instability[大气]不稳定度staticstability静力稳定度indexofstability稳定度指数absolutestability绝对稳定absoluteinstability绝对不稳定neutralstability中性稳定conditionalinstability条件[性]不稳定inertialstability惯性稳定度convectiveinstability对流不稳定convectivestability对流[性]稳定度atmosphericdisturbance大气扰动nonlinearinstability非线性不稳定[性] conditionalinstabilityofthesecondkind,CISK第二类条件[性]不稳定shearinginstability切变不稳定barotropicinstability正压不稳定baroclinicinstability斜压不稳定latentinstability潜在不稳定conservationofpotentialvorticity位涡守恒精心整理tendencyequation倾向方程z-coordinatez坐标p-coordinatep坐标σ-coordinateσ坐标θ-coordinate位温坐标hybridcoordinate混合坐标convergence辐合divergence辐散divergence散度horizontaldivergence水平散度steeringflow引导气流vorticity涡度relativevorticity相对涡度absolutevorticity绝对涡度planetaryvorticity行星涡度β-planeβ平面conservationofabsolutevorticity绝对涡度守恒geostrophicvorticity地转涡度cyclonicvorticity气旋性涡度anticyclonicvorticity反气旋涡度shearingvorticity切变涡度curvaturevorticity曲率涡度potentialvorticity位势涡度eddyconductivity涡动传导率eddyviscosity涡动粘滞率frictionvelocity摩擦速度eddyshearingstress涡动切应力atmosphericwave大气波动adjustmentoflongwave长波调整inertiawave惯性波baroclinicwave斜压波barotropicwave正压波gravitywave重力波inertia-gravitywave惯性重力波internalgravitywave重力内波externalgravitywave重力外波gravitywavedrag重力波拖曳dragcoefficient拖曳系数orographicdrag地形拖曳orographicwave地形波leewave背风波Helmholtzwave赫姆霍兹波Kelvinwave开尔文波Lambwave兰姆波Rossbywave罗斯贝波stationarywave定常波transientwave瞬变波solitarywave孤立波progressivewave前进波retrogradewave后退波shearingwave切变波mixedRossby-gravitywave混合罗斯贝重力波ultra-longwave超长波atmosphericnoise大气噪声Prandtlnumber普朗特数Rayleighnumber瑞利数Reynoldsnumber雷诺数Richardsonnumber里查森数Froudenumber弗劳德数Rossbynumber罗斯贝数rotatingdishpanexperiment转盘实验Hadleyregime哈得来域Rossbyregime罗斯贝域mixinglayer混合层non-divergencelevel无辐散层cyclostrophicwind旋衡风gradientwind梯度风countergradientwind反梯度风subgradientwind次梯度风supergradientwind超梯度风thermalwind热成风veeringwind顺转风backingwind逆转风windshear风切变geostrophicwind地转风antitripticwind摩擦风subgeostrophicwind次地转风supergeostrophicwind超地转风ageostrophicwind非地转风isallobaricwind变压风jetstream急流northernbranchjetstream北支急流southernbranchjetstream南支急流basicflow基本气流subtropicaljetstream副热带急流axisofjetstream急流轴streamline流线westerlyjet西风急流convectivecloud对流云deepconvection深对流shallowconvection浅对流lineconvection线对流精心整理Ekmanflow埃克曼流thermalconvection热对流moistconvection湿对流cumulusconvection积云对流mesoscaleconvectivesystem,MCS中尺度对流系统warmadvection暖平流coldadvection冷平流upwardflow上升气流downwardflow下沉气流convectiveadjustment对流调整convectiveparameterization对流参数化mesoscaleconvectivecomplex,MCC中尺度对流复合体geostrophicmotion地转运动quasi-geostrophicmotion准地转运动semi-geostrophicmotion半地转运动ageostrophicmotion非地转运动irrotationalmotion无旋运动nondivergentmotion无辐散运动baroclinicatmosphere斜压大气barotropicatmosphere正压大气baroclinicmode斜压模态barotropicmode正压模态normalmode正规模态Ekmanlayer埃克曼层Ekmanspiral埃克曼螺线atmosphericcirculation大气环流meridionalcirculation经向环流zonalcirculation纬向环流Hadleycell哈得来环流Walkercell沃克环流directcirculation直接环流indirectcirculation间接环流[圈]trade-windcirculation信风环流circulationcell环流圈localcirculation局地环流three-cell[meridional]circulation三圈经向环流circulationindex环流指数highindex高指数lowindex低指数indexcycle指数循环circulationtheorem环流定理Kelvin'stheoremofcirculation开尔文环流定理Bjerknescirculationtheorem皮叶克尼斯环流定理cross-equatorialflow越赤道气流adjustmentofcirculation环流调整mesosphericcirculation中间层环流large-scalecirculation大尺度环流atmosphericcenterofaction大气活动中心stratosphericsuddenwarming平流层爆发[性]增温atmosphericturbulence大气湍流eddy涡旋flux通量turbulentflux湍流通量isotropicturbulence各向同性湍流mixinglength混合长Ktheoryofturbulence湍流[WTHZ]K[WT][HT5H]理论Prandtlmixing-lengththeory普朗特混合长理论turbulentboundarylayer湍流边界层laminarboundarylayer层流边界层turbulencespectrum湍流谱turbulenceenergy湍流能量turbulentexchange湍流交换turbulentdiffusion湍流扩散Eliassen-PalmfluxEP通量lateralmixing侧向混合chaos混沌numericalweatherprediction,NWP数值天气预报modeloutputstatisticprediction,MOSprediction模式输出统计预报equivalentbarotropicmodel相当正压模式quasi-geostrophicmodel准地转模式filteredmodel过滤模式adiabaticmodel绝热模式primitiveequationmodel原始方程模式mesoscalemodel中尺度模式scaling尺度分析synopticscale天气尺度planetaryscale行星尺度mesoscale中尺度meso-αscaleα中尺度meso-βscaleβ中尺度meso-γscaleγ中尺度spectralmodel谱模式movablefine-meshmodel可移动细网格模式semi-implicitscheme半隐式格式conservationscheme守恒格式finitedifferencemodel差分模式upstreamscheme迎风差格式computationalinstability线性计算不稳定perturbationmethod小扰动法精心整理energycascade能量串级objectiveanalysis客观分析physicalmode物理模[态] computationalmode计算模[态] modelresolution模式分辨率skillscore技巧分subgridscaleparameterization次网格尺度参数化normalmodeinitialization正规模[态]初值化dynamicinitialization动力初值化staticinitialization静力初值化four-dimensionaldataassimilation四维资料同化rigidboundarycondition刚体边界条件spongyboundarycondition海绵边界条件firstguess初估值timesmoothing时间平滑spacesmoothing空间平滑automaticdataprocessing自动资料处理structurefunction结构函数split-explicitscheme分离显式格式bogusdata人造[站]资料hydrostaticcheck静力检查differencescheme差分格式staggeredgrid交错网格staggerscheme交错格式nestedgrid套网格pseudospectralmethod假谱方法successivecorrectionanalysis逐步订正法optimuminterpolationmethod最优插值法statisticalinterpolationmethod统计插值法man-machineweatherforecast人机结合天气预报limitedareamodel,LAM有限区模式limitedareafine-meshmodel,LFM有限区细网格模式statistical-dynamicprediction统计动力预报diagnosticanalysis诊断分析numericalsimulation数值模拟numericalexperiment数值实验generalcirculationmodel,GCM大气环流模式barotropicmodel正压模式baroclinicmodel斜压模式primitiveequation原始方程governingequation控制方程06.天气学synopticmeteorology天气学weather天气synopticchart天气图meteorologicalcode气象电码weathersymbol天气符号barb风速羽windshaft风矢杆windarrow风矢presentweather现在天气pastweather过去天气upperairchart高空[天气]图surfacechart地面[天气]图verticalcrosssection垂直剖面图facsimileweatherchart传真天气图isobaricsurface等压面standardisobaricsurface,mandatorylevel标准等压面contourchart等压面图rainfallchart雨量图streamlinechart流线图timecross-section时间剖面图scatterdiagram点聚图isoline等值线isotherm等温线isodrosotherm等露点线isallotherm等变温线isobar等压线topographicisobar地形等压线isallobar等变压线hodograph高空风分析图contourline等高线isallohypse等变高线isoplethofthickness等厚度线isotach等风速线isogon等风向线isanomaly等距平线isohume等湿度线moistureprofile湿度廓线isohyet等雨量线shearline切变线squallline飑线convergenceline辐合线pressuretendency气压倾向anallobar正变压线katallobar负变压线pressurevariation气压变量pressurefield气压场windfield风场allobaricfield变压场精心整理anallobariccenter正变压中心katallobariccenter负变压中心humidityfield湿度场wettongue湿舌drytongue干舌dryline干线temperaturefield温度场coldtongue冷舌warmtongue暖舌pressuresystem气压系统low[pressure],depression低[气]压deepeningofadepression低压加深fillingofadepression低压填塞coldlow冷低压warmlow暖低压mesoscalelow中尺度低压thermallow热低压cut-offlow切断低压orographicdepression地形低压trough低压槽troughline槽线invertedtrough倒槽coldtrough冷槽forward-tiltingtrough前倾槽backward-tiltingtrough后倾槽topographictrough地形槽anchoredtrough锚槽monsoontrough季风槽westerlytrough西风槽long-wavetrough长波槽EastAsiamajortrough东亚大槽cyclone气旋cycloniccirculation气旋性环流cycloniccurvature气旋性曲率cyclonicshear气旋性切变extratropicalcyclone温带气旋secondarycyclone次生气旋cyclonicwave气旋波cyclonefamily气旋族occludedcyclone锢囚气旋cyclogenesis气旋生成cyclolysis气旋消散vortex低涡coldvortex冷涡warmvortex暖涡permanentdepression永久性低压semi-permanentdepression半永久性低压Aleutianlow阿留申低压Icelandiclow冰岛低压Changjiang-Huaihecyclone江淮气旋Changjiang-Huaiheshearline江淮切变线SouthChinaSeadepression南海低压Mongolianlow蒙古低压NortheastChinalow东北低压mid-troposphericcyclone对流层中层气旋SouthwestChinavortex西南[低]涡highpressure高[气]压coldhigh冷高压warmhigh暖高压ridge高压脊ridgeline脊线warmridge暖脊colpressurefield鞍形气压场highpressurebarrier高压坝deformationfield变形场anticyclone反气旋anticycloniccirculation反气旋环流anticycloniccurvature反气旋曲率anticyclonicshear反气旋切变anticyclogenesis反气旋生成anticyclolysis反气旋消散permanenthigh永久性高压semi-permanenthigh半永久性高压subtropicalhigh副热带高压Siberianhigh西伯利亚高压SouthAsiahigh南亚高压blockinghigh阻塞高压blockingsituation阻塞形势Uralblockinghigh乌拉尔山阻塞高压Okhotskhigh鄂霍次克海高压thunderstormhigh雷暴高压Pacifichigh太平洋高压Azoreshigh亚速尔高压dipoleanticyclone偶极反气旋airmass气团air-massanalysis气团分析air-masssource气团源地air-massclassification气团分类air-massproperty气团属性air-masstransformation气团变性conservativepropertyofairmass气团保守性transformedairmass变性气团精心整理。