vowels简介讲义
vowels
Exercises P37-39 The Closing Diphthongs
Exercise 1:
No.13 No.14 No.15
No.16 No.17
[eI] tape bay name spade vague
[əu] toe boat nose spoke vote
[aI] tie buy night spy vice
An initial classification will divide the speech sounds in English into two broad categories: vowels and consonants. Here are two definitions of vowels:
monophthongs：单元音 ['mɔnəfθɔŋ]
① ② ③ ④
As in the production of vowels the air stream meets with no obstruction. Vowels are differentiated by the following factors: the position of the tongue the openness of the mouth the shape of the lips the length of the vowels
u & u:
P22
higher
ɔ: lower
ɔ &ɔ:
P21 P20
ɔ lowest æ & ɑ: ɑ:
Exercises P22-24 The Back Vowels
Exercise 1: Exercise 2: Exercise 3: Exercise 4: Exercise 5:
Vowels
a™
a
Front vowels
i y I Y e P E { œ a ” High front unrounded High front rounded Lowered high front unrounded Lowered high front rounded Higher mid front unrounded Higher mid front rounded Lower mid front unrounded Lower mid front rounded Raised low front unrounded Low front unrounded (IPA value of symbol) Low front rounded
Additional vowel symbols? • The cardinal vowel system does not include any central vowel prototypes - additional symbols (and auditory types) are required for these. • Separate phonetic symbols are also useful for some frequently encountered or ‘politically important’ vowel sounds that are different from cardinal qualities. • Each symbol represents vowels produced in a particular area of the ‘vowel space’.
Cardinal Vowels recorded by Jones in 1965 when he was 75.
元音VowelsPPT课件
▪ B: Bruce, you must choose for me. ▪ A: You wouldn’t like the black ones, would
you? ▪ B: No, they look gloomy. ▪ A:How about the blue ones? ▪ B:But this blue is too bright for me. ▪ A:Well, it’s really too difficult to choose
on my leg. ▪ A: Were you taken to the emergency room? ▪ B:Well, a person helped me get there. Then
the doctors and nurses were certainly concerned. So I survived. ▪ A: You were really lucky, weren’t you?
shoes for you.
13
▪ / :/ ▪ saw law more draw storm tall ▪/ / ▪ on job cost shock got song ▪ door doll talk top jaw job ▪ wore wash fall frost port pot
7
▪ First come, first served. ▪ The early bird catches the worm. ▪ A bird in the hand is worth two in the bush. ▪ Birds of a feather flock together.
vowels
英美音差异 英音中的/uː/与美音中的/u/对应。 在英音中，当/uː/出现在/t/，/d/，/s/和/n/ 之后时，多在/uː/前加上半元音/j/,读作 /juː/。如：tune /tjuːn/ due /djuː/ suit /sjuːt/ new /njuː/ 在美音中，当/u/出现在/t/，/d/，/s/和/n/之 后时，一般不加半元音/j/。如：tune /tun/ due /du/ suit /sut/ new /nu/。
发音方法:
Step one: 舌尖轻抵下 齿； Step two: 舌前部抬高， 但不接触硬腭； Step three: 上下齿间 约能放下一根中指。
发音特征： 音质短促清晰。 发音时，嘴唇、下颌的肌肉及整个口腔都 处于放松状态。
发音方法:
Step one:舌尖轻抵下 齿； Step two: 舌前部抬高， 舌高略低于/e/; Step three:嘴的开口 度比/e/大，上下齿之 间约能放下一根食指 加一根中指；
发音方法 step one:舌位有 向/ə/快速滑动，由高 到低； step two：不到/ə/的 舌位，发音就结束； step three：唇形由略 圆到扁平自然。
的特点
发 时，下颌肌肉和口腔一直处于放松 状态。
英美音的差异
英音中的
与美音中的/ur/对应， 但二者音质不同。 英音 发音时不卷舌；美音/ur/发 音时卷舌。
发音方法:
step one: 舌尖离开下齿； step two：舌的后部抬高， 舌位明显高于/ɔ/； step three: 嘴的开口度比 /ɔ/小得多； step four：双唇收得比/ɔ/ 圆，且向前突出。
2-2 Classification of English vowels 英语语言学ppt
ten girls
Word-final /s,z/ become palato-alveolar before palato-alveolar fricatives and the palatal frictionless continuant/;
This ship This year has she those young men
It does not necessarily distinguish meaning; some do, some don’t. For
example, in the words feel[fi:ł], leaf[li:f], tar[tha:], star[sta:],there are altogether 7
live bird v ß
Word-final /l/ is non-velarised if followed by an initial vowel;
fill it
Word-final /t/ become bilabial before bilabial consonants /p, b,m/;
4)the length of vowels
long vowels: They are usually marked with a colon such as[i:] and [ɑ:]
short vowels: other vowels in English are short vowels such as [e],[ə] and [æ].
that pen /..p pen/ that boy/..p b../ that man /..p m../
Word-final /d/ become voiced bilabial before bilabial consonants /p, b,m/;
Vowels 元音
/ / Bob forgot to lock the door.
The big doll costs two dollars. He is not doctor, but a boss.
father and mother
/ә:/ a nervous woearth
Sentences:
/ә/ What’s the other color? Studying abroad is very popular nowadays. Ancient China is famous for its silk and china.
/ / He is sure about the tour. He ensures every one that this tour will be insured.
Tongue Twisters
I can hear clearly many fierce animals are here.
Mary stared carefully at the rare bear.
Words:
/u:/ food move
/u/ book kookie
zoo room
wood cook
balloon school
put would
Phrases: /u:/ go to the zoo
full moon
/u/ a good-looking woman
look at the book
/i:/ Seeing is believing. A friend in need is a friend in deed. She likes to eat meat, especially beef.
英语语音教案第六单元后元音 unit6 back vowels
详细教学内容I．General introduction of Back vowelsIn this unit, we will learn the back vowels in English.There are six back vowels in English. Looking at the 舌位图, you’ll know why they are called back vowels.(The following is the description of the six English back vowels.) They are produced by shifted the body of the tongue back from its central position.II. Shows the correct methods of pronouncing these sounds./ u: /, /u / are both high, back, rounded vowels. The /u:/ marks the highest boundary for the back vowels, as /i:/ does for the front vowels. Therefore, the tongue is retracted from its rest position and raised toward the soft palate. This vowel is quite common in the languages of the world and appears without problem in most Chinese learners. 英语中最小的圆唇音，不要用力将嘴唇撅得老高loose food blue groupno moodbring food to schoolprove to be truerumor about the movie star/u / foot cook could goods开口比/ u: /大点Compare / u: / with / u /book a roomput in some sugarpull throughwalk through the woodsTo ensure correct pronunciation, it is important to make the following distinction between /u:/ and/ u /:1.the part of the tongue raised for / u / is not as back and as high as that for/u:/;2./u:/ has quite strong lip rounding while the lips are only slightly rounded for/u /./ ɔ:/, /ɔ /is a mid-back vowel. For its production, the tongue is retracted and almost flat in the mouth. The vowel is almost fully back and has quite strong lip-rounding. //ɔ / / is a low vowel. The lips are slightly rounded. /ɔ / is a difficult vowel for the Chinese learners. Many of them use a shortened version of/ ɔ:/as its substitution. To ensure correct pronunciation, it is important to make the following distinction between these two vowels:1./ɔ / is a low vowel while / :/ is a mid vowel, so the mouth is more open for /ɔ /,2./ ɔ:/ has quite strong lip rounding while the lips are only slightly rounded for /ɔ //ɒ /在发音时口的开张度大于/ ɔ:/，牙床近乎全开。
Chapter_03_phonetics_vowel
4.2 单元音的共振峰模式
每个单元音的频谱图上都有三个振幅比较 强的频率区，即“共振峰”。从低到高的顺 序，可以编号为第一共振峰、第二共振峰、 第三共振峰，简称F1，F2，F3。 元音的不同音色主要是由F1和F2的相对关 系决定的。
决定元音音色的是共振峰关系
男[a] F0=100Hz F1,… = 100, 200, 300, …
4.1 共振峰
共振峰是指在声音的频谱中能量相对集中的一些 区域，共振峰不但是音质的决定因素，而且反映 了声道（共振腔）的物理特征。 声音在经过共振腔时，受到腔体的滤波作用，使 得频域中不同频率的能量重新分配，一部分因为 共振腔的共振作用得到强化，另一部分则受到衰 减，得到强化的那些频率在时频分析的语图上表 现为浓重的黑色条纹。由于能量分布不均匀，强 的部分犹如山峰一般，故而称之为共振峰。
舌头不前不后，不高不低，处于最自然的 状态。 只出现在轻音音节中，音长较短，肌肉比 较松弛。 例子： 他的[ t‘a tə ]
[]
舌尖前 不圆唇 舌尖前伸靠近门齿 背，气流通路狭窄， 但不发生摩擦，嘴唇 不圆。 不能单独成音节，只 能在声母z，c，s之后
资 词 斯 自私 此次 次子 字词
[]
舌尖后 不圆唇 舌尖上翘，对着硬腭前 部，气流通路狭窄，但 不发生摩擦，嘴唇不圆。 不能单独成音节，只能 在声母zh，ch，sh，r的 后面。
只 吃 诗 支持 日食 值日 实质
[ ] / [ər]
卷舌 央 中 不圆唇 舌位位于央元音[ə]的状态，舌尖向硬腭翘 起 国际音标[ə]后面的[r]表示卷舌作用。
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英语单元音的分类
l
Description of the vowels
根据舌高点的位置： 闭口（即舌位高）、半闭（半高）、 半开（半低）、开口（即舌位低） 根据舌位前后： 前、中、后 根据唇形： 圆唇、扁唇、常态唇（即非圆非扁唇状）
l l l l l l
Front & Central Vowels /:/ // /e/ /æ/ /:/ /ə/ high, front, unrounded vowel lower high, front, unrounded vowel mid, front, unrounded vowel low, front, unrounded vowel mid, central, unrounded vowel mid, central, unrounded vowel
2
l Diphthongs & triphthongs
II. The front-back position of the tongue – highest point of tongue (horizontal axis); III. The degree of lip rounding - lip posture
Description of the English vowels
Description of the English vowels
Three factors for the description of English vowels
l Pure vowels
I. The height of the body of the tongue – highest point of tongue (vertical axis);
l l l l l l
front high i:
I
central
back
The end of description
u:
з: i:
front
centre
back
mid-high
e
mid-low
u:
ə
:
high
:
low
æ
٨
mid α:
:
ɒ
low æ
:
Vowel Charts: English Pure Vowels
l
l
1
l
Back Vowels /:/ // /:/ /u/ /u:/ // low, back, unrounded vowel low, back, rounded vowel mid-low, back, rounded vowel lower high, back, rounded vowel high, back, rounded vowel lower mid, back, unrounded vowel
English Pronunciation
Definition
l
l
Vowels
l
In phonetics, a vowel is a sound in spoken language, such as English ah! [ɑː] or oh! [oʊ], pronounced with an open vocal tract so that there is no build-up of air pressure at any point above the glottis声门. This contrasts with consonants, such as English sh! [ʃː], where there is a constriction or closure at some point along the vocal tract. 最常用的区别元音和辅音的方法，是看一个音在它发 出的时候，是否受到发音器官的阻碍。