雅思阅读熟词僻义词汇表
雅思常考熟词僻义精选
waiting staff，不是指“等待着的员工”，而是指服务人员。
大家应该都记得，服务生男的叫waiter,女的叫waitress，waiting staff就是两者的总称。
白雪公主的母亲有一面魔镜。
善于妒嫉的皇后每天都要问魔镜：Mirror，mirror，who is the fairest of all?魔镜，谁是世界上最美丽的人？fair在这里不是“公平”，而是“美丽”。
fair lady就是中文的窈窕淑女，fair weather就是晴好天气。
misery loves company。
是英语中一句著名的谚语。
此处的company 不是解释“公司”，而是解释为“陪伴”。
所谓的“苦难喜欢陪伴”，很像中文的“同是天涯沦落人”，在落难的时候，有人一起分担，会让人觉得好过很多吧。
这种情况，熟悉的单词company不解释为熟悉的“公司”，而解释为陌生的“陪伴”，就称为“熟词僻义”现象。
它一直是雅思考试中的隐形杀手。
如果是一个完全陌生的单词，我们知道自己不认识。
但是，如果遇到一个学过、却没有学全的单词，我们很容易误以为自己是认识，因而发生误读。
例如，state这个单词，很多考生只知其一，state解释为“(美国的)州”(United States of America)；不知其二，state还有一个常用的义项“国家/政府”。
雅思阅读曾经考过一篇讲学校体制的文章，里面提到了一个state-funded school,正确理解是“国家出资建立的学校”，区别于private school私立学校。
而不是“美国的一个州的学校”。
其他还有state-owned enterprise, 国家政府拥有的企业--国有企业statesman国家的男人-政治家“state不就是美国的州吗”。
很多考生可能会这么说。
千万不要认死最早学过的单词的含义。
英语中有相当数量的多义词。
在备考过程当中，不要因为一个单词在以往学习中遇到过，就跳过不看了。
雅思阅读高频分类词汇汇总
雅思阅读高频分类词汇汇总一、Animals:•pinniped：鳍足动物，如海狮和海狗。
•ungulate：有蹄类动物。
•cursorial：适合奔跑的，与有蹄类动物有关。
•arboreal：树栖的，与猴子和松鼠有关。
•cetacean：鲸类动物。
•poultry：家禽，如鸡、鸭、鹅等。
二、Environment and Ecology:•photosynthesis：光合作用。
•respiration：呼吸作用。
•recycle：回收利用，循环。
•carbon cycle：碳循环。
•methane：甲烷。
•nitrous oxide：一氧化二氮。
三、Social Sciences:•socioeconomic：社会经济的。
•inequality：不平等，不公正。
•discrimination：歧视。
•intersectionality：交叉性，指不同身份认同交织形成的复杂性和多样性。
•microaggression：微侵犯，指对少数派或弱势群体的轻微冒犯或歧视。
四、Technology:•algorithm：算法。
•binary digit：二进制位，比特。
•RAM：随机存储器。
•storage：存储。
•cloud computing：云计算。
五、Health:•cardiovascular：心血管的。
•hypertension：高血压。
•atherosclerosis：动脉硬化。
•insulin：胰岛素。
•asthma：哮喘。
六、History and Culture:•renaissance：文艺复兴。
•baroque：巴洛克风格。
•rococo：洛可可风格。
•arabesque：阿拉伯风格。
•rocaille：洛可可风格中的一种混合水与岩石的风格。
雅思阅读必备词汇带翻译
雅思阅读必备词汇带翻译 店铺考雅思，要想在阅读⽅⾯拿到好的，多积累词汇量是必须的，那么现在来下⾯的⼀些雅思阅读必备词汇吧，希望对⼤家能够有所帮助。
雅思阅读必备词汇 state n. 情形, 状态, 国家, 政府, 州 vt.声明, 陈述, 规定 statement n.声明, 陈述 special adj.特别的, 特殊的, 专门的 especially adv.尤其，特别 specialization n.特殊化, 专门化 specialise v.化，专门研究 specialised adj. 专门的, 专科的 specialist n. 专家 speciality n.特性, 特质, 专业 specify vt.指定, 详细说明 specific adj.详细⽽精确的, 明确的 specifically adv.特定的, 明确的. species n.种类 differ vi.不同 difference n.差异, 差别 different adj.不同的 differentiate v.区别, 区分 雅思阅读实⽤词汇 staff n. 全体职员 contradict vt.同...⽭盾 contradiction n.反驳, ⽭盾 contrary adj.相反的, 逆的 contrast vt.使与...对⽐ n.对⽐, 对照 claim n.(根据权利提出)要求, 主张 vt.(根据权利)要求, 主张 claimant n.(根据权利)提出要求者 reclaim vt.要求归还，开垦 reclamation n.收回，开垦 similar adj.相似的, 类似的 similarly adv.同样地, 类似于 similarity n.类似, 类似处 assimilation n.同化 evidence n.明显, 显著，证据 evident adj.明显的, 显然的 major n. 主修课 adj.主修的，主要的 vi.主修 majority n.多数, ⼤半 雅思阅读词汇带翻译 further adj.更远的, 更多的 vt.促进, 增进, 助长 furthermore adv.此外, ⽽且 involve t.包括,使陷于 involvement n.连累, 包含 revolve v.旋转 revolution n.⾰命，旋转 revolutionary adj.⾰命的，全新的 n.⾰命者 revolutionise vt.使彻底改变 evolve vt. (使)进化, (使)发展 evolution n. 进化, 发展 evolutionary adj.进化的 complete adj.全部的, 完全的 vt.完成, 使完善 completely adv.⼗分, 完全地 completion n.完成 accomplish vt.完成，实现 accomplishment n.完成，成就【雅思阅读必备词汇带翻译】。
（完整版）雅思阅读超高频词汇（必背）
（完整版）雅思阅读超高频词汇（必背）雅思阅读高频词汇state n.情形,状态,国家,政府,州vt声明,陈述,规定For the century before Johns'ons Dictionary was published in 1775 there had been concern about the state of the English language.statementi声明,陈述,综述2special a特別的,特殊的,专门的especiallyadv尤其，特另U specializationn特殊化,专门化specialise/专业化，专门研究specialised a专门的,专科的In the 19th century, new, specialised, professional societies were instituted to promote and publish in the new disciplines.specialist n. 专家speciality n特性,特质,专业specify V指定,详纟田说明specific a 详.细而精确的, 明确的An early scientific joufronsatlereadnew kindof writingbased on short descriptions of specific experiments.specifically特定的,明确的specien种类Extinct species are being replaced by new species. 3 differ vi 不同In both cases the critical day length differs from species to species. differe ncei 差异,差另U different adj不同的Differengt roups orfesearchersattacdkieffderenpt roblems, frosmpeech recog niti on to chess play in g, i n differe nt ways.difV区e ntiate 另, 区分4 appropriate 适d当的in appropriateadj不适当的5staff n. 全体职员6contradicvt同■■矛盾con tradicti onn 反驳,矛盾contrary adj相反的,逆的con trast使与■■对比n对比,对照7claim n根据权利提出）要求,主张vt.根据权利）要求,主张claimant n.（根据权利）提出要求者reclaim 要求归还，开垦reclamatio收回，开垦8similarad相似的,类似的Across Europe similar academies and societies arose, creating new national traditions of science. similarly adv同样地,类似于similarity n类似，类似处assimilation化9evide nee n明显,显著，证据There is plenty of scientific evidence to support photoperiodism. evident a明显的,显然的10major n.主修课ad主修的，主要的vi主修Grime(1966s) uggeststhlaigt ht maybe oneof the majorcomponentsdirect ing these adaptati ons. majo多数,大半11furtherad更远的,更多的vt促进,增进,助长furthermore adv此夕卜,而且12in volvel B括,使陷于Kant believetdhat a successfuljokinevolvesthceontrolledrelease ofnervous energy.involveme连!累,包含revolve旋转revolutions革命，旋转revoluti on aryadj革命的，全新的n革命者revoluti oni sevt使彻底改变evolvevt.使( )进化, (使)发展evolution n. 进化, 发展evoluti onary adj进化的13complete adj全部的,完全的vt完成,使完善It was a vereyxpensiveatnimde-consumingprocestsotohkataround six months to complete.completely a十分，完全地completion完成Johnson only received payment for his Dictionary on its completion. accomplis 完成，实现accomplishm完成t?.成就14suit V合n 一套衣服suitable a V j当的,相配Latin was suitable for an international audience of scholars, whereas English reached a socially wider, but more local, audience.suitcase.n提箱,衣箱15perso n .人, 身体personal adj私人的,个人的Most comedia ns use pers onal situati ons as a source of hum 使成私p 人的nalize 人格化person ality个性，人格Researchers claim that the human personality is formed during the first two years of life.personnenl .人员, 职员16accommodate供应,供给,容纳accommodation s,膳宿17 economy n经济,节约economicadj 经济上）的It would be best to attempt to slow down economic growth.economiodj节约的economisi经济学者,经济家econo mics经济学18alter v改变alternative二中择一,可供选择的办法,事物ad选择性的,二中择一的alternate adj交替的,轮流的v交替,轮流,改变19effect n效果，作用,影响effective adj有效的effective nesan 效力effort n努力,成就affect vt影响,感动affection n. 影响, 爱情,affective adj情感的affecting adj.感人的, 动人的efficienta直接）生效的,有效率的efficie ncyn效率,功效sufficie nt ad充分的，足够的in sufficie nt a不足的，不够的20 experimen实验，试验vi进行实验,做试验experime ntalad实验的experime ntatiOn验，试验,实验法experime ntern 实验者21approach n接近,方法vt接近His approach to the problems that had worried writersthroughout the lateseventeenth and early eighteenth centuries was intensely practical. approachabili可接近22previous adj在前的,早先的Working to a deadline, he had to draw on the best of all previous dictionaries, and to make his work one of heroic synthesis.23gene n. 遗［传］基因genetic aidj传的geneticsn.遗传学24object n物体,目标,宾语,对象vi反对,拒绝,抗议objecti on n异议，拒绝objective n■目标,目的ad客观的25amoun t数量vi.(to)总计,等于26mea n ad低劣的,吝啬的vt意谓n平均数meaning n意义,含意meanin gful aS味深长的27coal煤coal-m ining挖煤28qualityn质量,品质,性质qualify/■使具有资格,证明合格qualificati on n 资格,条件qualitativadj性质上的,定性的29medic ine n 药,医学medical a医学的,内科的medication药物治疗,药物处理,药物30term n学期条款术语termlyadj定期的,每一期的terminologyn术语学31perform vt履行,执行,表演performa nee n履行，成绩，表演32subject题目,学科，实验对象ad受制于…的,受..影响的,Several of the subjects were psychology stude nts at Yale Un ivelj 主观SUbj 个人ve 的Peter Derks believes that humour relate to a person's subjective views.33sensen官能,感觉,意义vt感到,理解,认识Johnsonwaspaoet and criwticho raised common senseto thoef heights genius.sen sati onn感觉,感情sensitive adj敏感的,灵敏的sen sitivityi 敏感,灵敏（度）sen son传感器sensory 感觉的,感官的sen sus n感觉34present赠品,礼物,现在ad现在的,出席的vt赠送,上演,提出,呈现prese nee n出席存在prese nt-day赠礼物的节日prese ntati on n陈述,赠送,表达prese ntly adv i 前,不久represe ntvt表现,描绘,代表representatioi代表，表现,陈述representativW弋表adj典型的,有代表性的35particular ad特殊的独特的n细节，详细particulate微粒ad微粒的36union n联合，联盟,协会unify vt统一,使成一体uniform n制服ad相同的uni formityn 同样,一致uniqueadj唯一的,独特的un ih个体,计量单位unitedadj联合的,团结的,一致unity n团结,联合,统一uni verse n宇宙,世界un iversityn ■綜合）大学37compa ny n公司,陪伴accompany陪伴,伴奏38surveyn调查vt调查surveyor n测量员,检查员39count n计算vt计算，认为有价值accoun计算,账目vi说明认为accountan会计（员）,会计师acco un ti ng会计学accountancy n会计师之职,会计学40significanadj有意义的,重要的significanc意义,重要性sig nificatio含义41org an n■机］机构,机关,生物］器官organic a器官的,有机的,组织的organism n生物体,有机体orga nize vt组织,使有机化orga ni zati on n 组织,机构orga ni zati on a dj组织的orga niser n 组织者42position位置,职位vt安置,决定■■的位置post n邮件,邮政，岗位,职位，柱vt张贴,邮递43 complex adj复杂的，综合的n联合体complexity复杂性complicated复杂的，难解的44vehicle交通工具,车辆vehicular adj车的,用车辆运载的45loan n.（借出的）贷款，借出v借，借给46access通路,入门accessibladj易接近的,可到达的accessory附件,零件adj附属的,补充的47visi on n视力，视觉,想象力visual ad看的,视觉的visi onal a梦幻般的visibleadj看得见的,明显的in visible adj看不见的,无形的visit n访问,游览,参观vt访问,参观visitor n访问者,游客50speech演说51situation n情形,境遇,建筑物等的）位置situatevt使位于,使处于52 gree nhous温室53 progress n前进,进步vi前进,进步progressivead进的,进步的progressio行进54pop流行乐曲,流行艺术ad流行的,热门的populadj流行的,受欢迎的popularity!普及,流行populace n 平民populatio n人口55 temperature n 温度temperate.（气候）温和的，有节制的temperate-climat宜人的气候tempenr .性情, 脾气56vary vt改变使多样化various a不同的,各种各样的varietyn变化,多样性,种类variati on n变更,变化variable数t[]变量adj可变的variabilit yn 可变性57impact!冲击影响,效果vt撞击，对..发生影响58facilityn便利,敏捷,设备facilitate vt使容易,使便利facilitator n 使顺利进行的人或物59form n形状，形式,表格v形成,构成formaladj正式的,形式的formality n礼节,仪式formatn形式,格式vt安排…的格局formati onn形成,构成formative adj格式化的。
雅思阅读分类词汇200
雅思阅读分类词汇200雅思阅读分类词汇——文化类（40个）1. discrepancy n. 差异a difference between two or more things that should be the same2. misconception n. 误解a belief or an idea that is not based on correct information ,or that is not understood by people3. discrimination n. 区别，歧视the practice of treating sb. or a particular group in society less fairly than others4. hierarchy n. 等级制度a system especially ina society or an organization, in which people are or organized into different levels of importance from highest to lowest5. patriot n. 爱国者a person who loves their country and who is ready to defend it against an enemy6. compatriot n. 同胞a person who was born in, or is a citizen of ,the same country as sb. else7. vernacular n. 本国的本地话，本国话the language or dialect that is most widely spoken by ordinary people in a region or country8. immigration n. 移入the process of coming to live permanently in a country that is not your own9. permeate n. 渗透，弥漫(liquid, gas, etc) to spread to every part of an object or a place 10. entrepreneur n. 企业家 a person who makes money by starting or runningbusinesses ,especially when this involves taking financial risks11. practitioner n. 开业者，从业者a person who works in a profession ,especially medicine or law.12. anecdote n. 轶事amusing account of something that has happened13. notoriety n. 恶名becoming well-known for something bad14. counterpart n. 对应人，对等物another person or thing that has a similar function or position in a different place.15. subordinate n. 下级someone who has a less important position than you in the organization that you both work for.16. tactics n. 战术，技巧the branch of military science dealing with detailed maneuvers to achieve objectives set by strategy17. punctual adj. 准时的，守时的acting or arriving or performed exactly at the time appointed18. harass n. 骚扰annoy continually or chronically19.redundancy n. 冗余，冗员the attribute of being superfluous and unneeded20. downsize n. 裁员the practice of redesigninga vehicle to retain the interior volume, and often the nameplate and styling of a larger car to a smaller, more efficient platform21. ballot n. 投票the system of voting in writing and usually in secret; the piece of paper on which sb. marks who they are voting for22. impartial adj. 不偏不倚的not supporting one person or group more than another23. lobby n.大堂a large area inside the entrance of a public building where people can meet and waitv. 游说to try to influence a politician or the government and for example, persuade them to support or oppose a change in the law24. equilibrium n. 平衡，均衡a state of balance , especially between opposing forces or influences;a calm state of mind and a balance of emotions25. questionnaire n. 调查表，问卷a written list of questions that are answered by a number of people so that information can be collected from the answers26. quantitative adj. 定量的connected with the amount or a number of sth. rather than with how good it is27. contingency n. 偶然性，偶然事件an event that may or may not happen28. incur v. 招致to suffer the unpleasant results of a situation that you have caused29. ethical adj. 伦理的，符合伦理的connected with beliefs of what is right or wrong30. dubious adj. 疑惑的，可疑的not certain andslightly suspicious about sth.31. manifestation n. 显示,证明the act of appearing as a sign that sth. exists or is happening32. vogue n. 时尚a fashion for sth.33. bizarre adj. 奇异的，古怪的very strange or unusual34. mediocre adj. 平庸的(disapproving)not very good; of only average standard35. dietitian n. 营养学家a person whose job is to advise people on what kind of food they should eat to healthy36. connoisseur n. 行家鉴赏家an expert on matters involving the judgment of beauty, quality or skill in art , food or music37. homogeneous adj. 由相同事物（或人）组成的；同种类的consisting of things or people that are all the same or all of the same type38. mainstream n. 主流思想主流群体the ideas and opinions that are thought to be normal because they are shared by most people; the people whose ideas and opinions are most accepted39. dialect n. 方言the form of a language that is spoken in one area with grammar, words and pronunciation that may be different from other forms of the same language40. quantitative adj. 定量的connected with theamount or a number of sth. rather than with how good it is雅思阅读分类词汇——生物/生理类（40个）41. molecule adj. 分子(physics and chemistry) the simplest structural unit of an element or compound42. protein n. 蛋白质any of a large group of nitrogenous organic compounds that are essential constituents of living cells43. enzyme n. 酶proteins that are produced by cells and act as catalysts in specific biochemical reactions44. catalyst n. 催化剂(chemistry) a substance that initiates or accelerates a chemical reaction without itself being affected45. chlorophyll n. 叶绿素a green substance in plants which enables them to use the energy from sunlight in order to grow46. photosynthesis n. 光合作用the process by which a green plant turns water and carbon dioxide into food when the plant is exposed to light47. botany n. 植物学a branch of science that deals with plant life48. flora n. 植物群all the plant life in a particular region or period49. fauna n. 动物群all the animal life in a particular region or period50. bacterium n. 细菌any one of a group of very small living things that often cause disease51. fungus n. 真菌 a parasitic plant lacking chlorophyll and leaves and true stems and roots and reproducing by spores52. organism n. 机体，组织a living thing that has (or can develop) the ability to act or function independently53. arthropod n. 节肢动物invertebrate having jointed limbs and a segmented body with an exoskeleton made of chitin54. reptile n. 爬行动物 a group of cold-blooded animals which have skins covered with small hard plates called scales and lay eggs 55. amphibian n. 两栖动物 animals such as frogs and toads that can live both on land and in water56. mammal n. 哺乳动物any warm-blooded vertebrate having the skin more or less covered with hair57. primate n. 灵长目动物 a member of the group of mammals which includes humans, monkeys, and apes58. evolution n. 进化 a process in which something passes by degrees to a different stage 59. anthropoid n. 类人猿 any member of the suborder Anthropoidea including monkeys and apes and hominids60. gene n. 基因(genetics) a segment of DNA that is involved in producing a polypeptide chain61. genetics n. 遗传学the branch of biology that studies heredity and variation in organisms 62. helix n. 螺旋，螺旋状物 a curve that lies on the surface of a cylinder or cone and cuts the element at a constant angle63. identical adj. 同一的；完全相同的exactly alike; incapable of being perceived as different 64. mutation n. 突变any event that changes genetic structure; any alteration in the inherited nucleic acid sequence of the genotype of an organism65. predator n. 捕食者an animal that kills and eats other animals66. embryo n.胚胎an unborn animal or human being in the very early stages of development67. hibernate n. 冬眠spend the winter in a state like a deep sleep68. torpid adj. 麻木的，蛰伏的in a condition of biological rest or suspended animation69. cerebral adj. (大)脑的relating to the brain70. hemisphere n. 半球one half of the brain; one half of the earth71. cortex n. 脑皮层 the tissue forming the outer layer of an organ or structure in plant or animal72. somatic adj. 躯体的affecting or characteristic of the body as opposed to the mind or spirit73. limb n. 四肢one of the jointed appendages of an animal used for locomotion or grasping: arm; leg; wing; flipper74. anatomy n. 解剖，剖析the branch of morphology that deals with the structure of animals75. paralyze n. 使瘫痪make powerless and unable to function76. artery n. 动脉 a blood vessel that carries blood from the heart to the body77. gland n. 腺体any of various organs that synthesize substances needed by the body and release it through ducts or directly into the bloodstream78. hormone n. 荷尔蒙，激素the secretion of an endocrine gland that is transmitted by the blood to the tissue on which it has a specific effect79. cholesterol n. 胆固醇an animal sterol that is normally synthesized by the liver; the most abundant steroid in animal tissues80. fade v. 凋谢，褪色gradually become paler; gradually cease to be visible雅思阅读分类词汇——教育类（40个）81. accommodation n.(膳宿)供应somewhere to live or stay, often also providing food or other services82. lodging n.寄宿(处) temporary accommodation83. lease v. 出租to use or let sb. use sth., especially property or equipment, in exchange for rent or a regular payment84. tenant n. 房客，佃户someone who pays rent for the place they live in, or for land or buildings that they use.85. landlord n.房东a person or company from whom you rent a room, a house, an office, etc. 86. dormitory n.寝室a room for several people to sleep in, especially in a school or other institutions87. reciprocal a.相互的，互惠的agreement involves two people or groups who do the same thing to each other or agree to help each another in a similar way.88. flat a.平的，瘪的,n.公寓having a level surface, not curved or sloping ; not containing enough air, usually because of a hole ; a set of rooms for living in, including a kitchen, usually on one floor of a building89. utensil n.器皿tools or objects that you use in order to help you to cook or to do other tasks in your home.90. stationery n.文具paper, envelopes, and other materials or equipment used for writing91. laundry n. 洗衣，洗衣店the process or the job of washing clothes, sheets, etc. ; a business or place where you send sheets, clothes, etc. to be washed92. cafeteria n.自助餐厅a restaurant where you choose and pay for your meal at a counter and carry it to a table. Cafeterias are often found in factories, colleges, hospitals, etc.93. cater v. 满足(需要) to provide food and drinks for a social event94. amateur n. 业余爱好者；业余运动员; 生手；外行 a person who takes part in a sport or other activity for enjoyment, not as a job ; (usually disapproving) a person who is not skilled95. excursion n.远足a short journey made for pleasure, especially one that has been organized for a group of people96. commonwealth n.共和国，联邦an organization consisting of the United Kingdom and most of the countries that used to be part of the British Empire97. illiterate a.文盲不识字的not knowing how to read or write98. discipline n. 学科，纪律the practice of training people to obey rules and orders and punishing them if they do not; the controlled behavior or situation that results from thistraining ; an area of knowledge; a subject that people study or are taught, especially in a university99. terminology n.术语a system of words used to name things in a particular discipline100. faculty n.（高等院校的）系，院; 全体教师 a department or group of related departments in a college or university ; all the teachers of a particular university or college 101.dean n .教堂主任牧师；系主任;院长；教务长a senior official at a college or university102.curriculum n.1.(一个学校,专业,或学科的)全部课程;2.(取得毕业资格等的)必修课程the subjects that students study at a particular school or college103.syllabus n.教学大纲、课程大纲；课程提纲；课程纲要 a list of the topics, books, etc. that students should study in a particular subject at school or college104.calendar n.日历；历法；日程表；挂历a set of pages showing the days, weeks, and months of a particular year105. compulsory adj.强制的；义务的；强迫的；必修的something that is compulsory must bedone because of a rule or law106.recruit v.吸收（新成员）；征募（新兵）；组建to get someone to work in a company or join an organization; to get someone to join the military107.prestige n.声望；威望；威信the high reputation and respect that someone or something has earned, based on their impressive achievements, quality, etc.108.esteem n.尊重；敬重；好评 a feeling of admiration and respect for someone109.aptitude n.天赋；天资；天生的才能；资质；能力倾向natural ability that makes it easy for you to do something well110. matriculation n.录取入学；入学礼；(大学)入学考试the act or process of matriculating at a college or university111.vocation n.职业，使命；神召，天命the particular occupation for which you are trained 112.abbreviation n.省略，缩写，简化，缩写词a shortened form of a word or phrase113.scholarship n.奖学金；学术；学识financialaid provided to a student on the basis of academic merit114.tutorial n.个人辅导的；教程，辅导材料；使用说明书a session of intensive tuition given by a tutor to an individual or to a small number of studentsadj.家庭教师的；指导教师的；辅导的；监护人的of or relating to tutors or tutoring;115assignment n.分给，分配；任务，工作，（课外）作业a duty that you are assigned to perform (especially in the armed forces);116.dissertation n.专题论文，学位论文；学术演讲a treatise advancing a new point of view resulting from research117.credential n.外交使节所递的国书，信任状；文凭a document attesting to the truth of certain stated facts118.alumni n.（男）校友，（男）毕业生；校友( alumnus的名词复数)a person who has received a degree from a school (high school or college or university)119.overestimate v.对（数量）估计过高，对…作过高的评价；，对…估计过高make too high an estimate of120.caliber n.口径；能力；水准a degree or grade of excellence or worth雅思阅读分类词汇——环境类（40个）121. conservation n. 保存，保持；保护an occurrence of improvement by virtue of preventing loss or injury or other change122.acid n. 酸；<俚>迷幻药adj. 酸的；讽刺的；刻薄的being sour to the taste 123.carbon n. [化学] 碳；碳棒；复写纸an abundant nonmetallic tetravalent element occurring in three allotropic forms124.ozone n. [化学] 臭氧；新鲜的空气 a colorless gas (O3) soluble in alkalis and cold water125.radiation n. 辐射；发光；放射物energy that is radiated or transmitted in the form of rays or waves or particles126.greenhouse n. 温室a building with glass walls and roof; for the cultivation andexhibition of plants under controlled conditions127.solar adj. 太阳的；日光的；利用太阳光的；与太阳相关的relating to or derived from the sun or utilizing the energies of the sun 128.phenomenon n. 现象；奇迹；杰出的人才a remarkable development129.catastrophe n. 大灾难；大祸；惨败an event resulting in great loss and misfortune 130.deterioration n. 恶化；退化；堕落 a symptom of reduced quality or strength 131.extinction n. 消失；消灭；废止no longer in existence132.endangered adj. 濒临灭绝的；有生命危险的in imminent danger of extinction133.drought n. 干旱；缺乏 a shortage of rainfall134.recurrent adj. 复发的；周期性的，经常发生的recurring again and again135.inundate vt. 淹没；泛滥；浸水；（洪水般的）扑来fill quickly beyond capacity; as with a liquid136.desertification n. （土壤）荒漠化；沙漠化 the gradual transformation of habitable land into desert; is usually caused by climate change or by destructive use of the land 137.barren adj. 贫瘠的；无益的；沉闷无趣的；空洞的providing no shelter or sustenance 138.attributable adj. 可归于…的；可归属的capable of being attributed139.deforestation n. 采伐森林；森林开伐the state of being clear of trees140.log vi. 伐木vt. 切；伐木；航行a segment of the trunk of a tree when stripped of branches141.vegetation n. 植物，植被all the plant life in a particular region or period142.habitat n. 栖息地the type of environment in which an organism or group normally lives or occurs143.ecosystem n. 生态系统a system formed by the interaction of a community of organisms with their physical environment 144.demographic adj.人口统计的relating to or concerning demography145.counterbalance vt. 使平衡，弥补balance or correct it with something that has an equal but opposite effect146.mechanism n.机理，机制a special way of getting something done within a particular system147.precipitation n.陡降，降水rain, snow, or hail148.circulation n.流通，循环movement through a circuit149.meteorology n.气象(学)the earth science dealing with phenomena of the atmosphere (especially weather)150.volcano n.火山 a fissure in the earth's crust (or in the surface of some other planet) through which molten lava and gases erupt 151.eruption n .喷发the sudden occurrence of a violent discharge of steam and volcanic materialtitude n. 纬度an imaginary line around the Earth parallel to the equator153.tropical adj.热带的；热情的；酷热的relating to or situated in or characteristic of the tropics (the region on either side of the equator)154.glacier n. 冰川a slowly moving mass of ice155.contaminate vt. 弄脏make radioactive byadding radioactive material156.irreversible adj.不可逆的incapable of being reversed157.reclaim vt..开垦改造bring, lead, or force to abandon a wrong or evil course of life, conduct, and adopt a right one158.contentious adj.有争议的inclined or showing an inclination to dispute or disagree, even to engage in law suits159.opt vi.选择select as an alternative; choose instead; prefer as an alternative160.prioritize vt.优先考虑assign a priority to 雅思阅读分类词汇——科技类（20个）161.ubiquitous adj. 普遍存在的；无所不在的seeming to be everywhere or in several places at the same time162.versatile adj. (人)多才多艺的(of a person) able to do many different things（物）通用的(of food, a building, etc.) having many different uses163.transmute v. （使）变形；（使）变质to change, or make sth. change into sth. different 164.arduous adj. 艰苦的，艰难的involving a lot of effort and energy, especially over a period of time165.pitfall n. 陷阱，隐患，未预见的困难 a danger or difficulty, especially one that is hidden or not obvious at first166.inflammable adj. 易燃的that can burn easily167.opaque adj.不透明的，不透光的，浑浊的not clear enough to see through or allow light through168.browser n.浏览器a program that lets you look at or read documents on the Internet 169.hypertext n.超文本text stored in a computer system that contains links that allow the user to move from one piece of text or document to another170.envisage v.想象，设想，展望to imagine what will happen in the future171.patent v. 授予专利；取得…的专利权adj. 专利的n. 专利权；执照；专利品a document granting an inventor sole rights to an invention172.chronological adj. 按年代顺序排列的；依时间前后排列而记载的relating to or arranged according to temporal order173.artificial adj. 人造的；仿造的；虚伪的；非原产地的；武断的contrived by art rather than nature174.infrastructure n. 基础设施；公共建设；下部构造the basic structure or features of a system or organization175.hydraulic adj. 液压的；水力的；水力学的moved or operated or effected by liquid (water or oil)176.ventilation n. 通风设备；空气流通the act of supplying fresh air and getting rid of foul air; a mechanical system in a building that provides fresh air177.asymmetry n. 不对称 a lack of symmetry 178.bilateral adj. 双边的；有两边的having identical parts on each side of an axis179.paradoxical adj. 矛盾的；诡论的；似非而是的seemingly contradictory but nonetheless possibly true180.empirical adj. 经验主义的，完全根据经验的；实证的derived from experiment and observation rather than theory雅思阅读分类词汇——心理类（20个）181.physiology n.生理学the branch of the biological sciences dealing with the functioning of organisms182.psychiatry n.精神病学the branch of medicine dealing with the diagnosis and treatment of mental disorders183.perception n.感知，认知，感觉，理解becoming aware of something via the senses 184.intuition n. 知觉，直觉instinctive knowing (without the use of rational processes)185.incentive n.动机；刺激；诱因；鼓励a positive motivational influence186.stimulus n.刺激any stimulating information or event; acts to arouse action 187.trauma n.创伤any physical damage to the body caused by violence or accident or fracture etc.；an emotional wound or shock often having long-lasting effects188.insomnia n.失眠症an inability to sleep; chronic sleeplessness189.workaholic n.工作狂person with a compulsive need to work190.paranoid adj.属于偏执狂的；患妄想狂的；过分猜疑的suffering from paranoian.偏执狂患者；妄想症患者 a person afflicted with paranoia191.symptom n.症状(medicine) any sensation or change in bodily function that is experienced by a patient and is associated with a particular disease192.diagnosis n.诊断identifying the nature or cause of some phenomenon193.assertive adj. 武断的，独断的；断言的，肯定的；刚毅坚定而自信的inclined to bold and confident assertion; aggressively self-assured194.therapy n.治疗，疗法，疗效；心理治疗；治疗力(medicine) the act of caring for someone (as by medication or remedial training etc.)195.hypnotism n.催眠术the act of inducing hypnosis196.prescribe v.开药方issue commands or orders for197.tranquilizer n.镇静药,止痛药, 增稳装置a drug used to reduce stress or tension without reducing mental clarity198.adolescence n.青春期,青年期the time period between the beginning of puberty and adulthood199.superstition n.迷信,迷信行为；an irrational belief arising from ignorance or fear200.innate adj.天赋的, 天生的；特有的，固有的；内在的，直觉的not established by conditioning or learning;。
雅思阅读考试高频词汇一览表
雅思阅读考试⾼频词汇⼀览表 对于雅思阅读，词汇的积累对于很多同学来说是不可缺少的，那么下⾯就和店铺⼀起来看看雅思阅读考试⾼频词汇⼀览表。
prey n. 被掠⾷者，牺牲者 vi. 捕⾷，掠夺，使...苦恼 obstacle n. 障碍，绊脚⽯ insect n. 昆⾍ prey on 捕⾷，掠夺，庇护 given that 假定，已知，考虑到 exploit n. 功绩，勋绩 vt.&vi. 开发，利⽤，开拓 make a go of 使成功，相处得好 nocturnal adj. 夜的 n. 夜间时刻测定器 way back ⽼早就，很久以前 ancestry n. 祖先，家世，门第 trade n. 贸易，商业，交易，⾏业，同⾏，⼿⼯艺，主顾，（复数）信风 vi. 做⽣意，购物，交换 vt. ⽤某物交换，做买卖adj. 商业的，专业性的，同⾏的 mammal n. 哺乳动物 mammalian n. 哺乳动物 adj. 哺乳动物的 scrape a living 勉强够维持⽣活 somehow adv. 不知怎么地，以某种⽅式 obstruct v. 阻隔，妨碍，阻塞 scatter n. 散布，零星少量 vt. 驱散，散播 vi. 分散，消散 maneuver n. 演习，调遣，策略 vt. 调遣，演习，巧妙地操纵 vi. 调遣，演习，⽤计策 lantern n. 灯笼， [建筑学]天窗，屋顶⽓窗 searchlight n. 探照灯，探照灯光，⼿电 firefly n. 萤⽕⾍ solution n. 解答，解决办法，溶解，溶液 prohibitive adj. 禁⽌的，抑制的，（价格等）过⾼的 pinprick n. 针刺，⼩烦恼 vt. 刺孔于 expose vt. 暴露，揭穿，使遭受（危险或不快） detect vt. 发现，探测信息，侦查 vi. 当侦探 fraction n. 分数，⼩部分，破⽚ bounce off 从 ... 弹跳出来，从 ... 弹回，试探 illuminate vt. 照明，阐释，说明 headlight n. 前灯，桅灯 immense adj. 巨⼤的，⼴⼤的，⾮常好的 in any event 不管怎样，⽆论如何 apart from adj. 离开（除了...之外，缺少，除...以外，且不说） uncanny adj. 神秘的，不可思议的 vision n. 视觉，先见之明，光景，视⼒，眼⼒，幻想，影像 vt. 幻想 tricycle n. 三轮车 limb n. 树枝，四肢，枝⼲，边缘 vt. 切断⼿⾜，切断树⼲ echo n. 回声，回⾳，回波，反响，共鸣 vt. 发回声，回响，重复，仿效 vi. 回响，回荡 n.[计算机] DOS命令：禁⽌（或允许）批处理命令⾏显⽰屏幕上 presence n. 出席，在场者，举⽌ submarine n. 潜⽔艇 adj. ⽔底的，海底的 vt. ⽤潜艇袭击 vi. 滑⼊...底下 adapt vt. 使适应，改编 vi. 适应，适合 feat n. 壮举，功绩，技艺表演 navigation n. 航⾏，航海，导航 coin n. 硬币，⾦钱，货币 vt. 制造钱币，创造 adj. 与硬币有关的 sonar n. 声纳，声波定位器 entwine v. （使）缠绕，（使）交织 twine n. 线 v. 缠绕，捻 manipulate v. 操纵，利⽤，假造 [计算机] 操作 expand vt. 增加，详述，扩展，使...膨胀 vi. 扩展，增加，详述 sophisticated adj. 复杂的；精致的；久经世故的；富有经验的 v. 使变得世故；使迷惑；篡改（sophisticate的过去分词形式） aqueduct n. [建]⾼架渠，渡槽，[解]导管 innovative adj. ⾰新的，创新的 at the height of 达最⾼点，在最旺盛时，处在 ... 的最巅峰 sewer n. 下⽔道，阴沟，裁缝师 layout n. 布局，安排，设计 occupant n. 占有者，拥有者，占领者，居住者 revolution n. ⾰命，旋转，转数 dramatically adv.戏剧地，引⼈注⽬地 unprecedented adj. 空前的，前所未有的 monumental adj. 纪念碑的，作为纪念的，不朽的 monument n. 纪念碑，历史遗迹 hydropower n. ⽔⼒发电 soar n. ⾼扬 vi. 往上飞舞，⾼耸，滑翔 artificial adj. ⼈造的，虚伪的，武断的 irrigation n. 灌溉 turbine n. 涡轮 spin n. 旋转，疾驰 v. 纺织，旋转，拉长 access n.⼊⼝，出⼝；接近，进⼊；增长；爆发 vt.接近，进⼊；使⽤，接近，获取 drinking water n. 饮⽤⽔ sanitation n. 环境卫⽣（卫⽣设备，下⽔道设备） adequate adj. ⾜够的，充⾜的，适当的，能胜任的 preventable adj. 可防⽌的，可预防的 jeopardize vt. 危害，使受危困，使陷危地 compensation n. 补偿，赔偿；赔偿⾦，物 make way for 为 ... 让路，为 ... 腾出地⽅ reservoir n. ⽔库，蓄⽔池，积蓄，储藏 thrive vi. 兴旺，繁荣 degrade vt. 贬低；使……丢脸；使……降级；使……降解 vi. 降级，降低；退化 aquifer n. 含⽔⼟层（含⽔量⾜以成为井⽔或泉⽔） resort n. （渡假）胜地，⼿段，凭借 vi. 诉诸，常去 replenish vt. 补充，再装满 vi. 补充 millennium n. ⼀千年，太平盛世 outset n. 开始，开端 tenfold adj. ⼗倍的，⼗重的 adv. 成⼗倍，成⼗重 approximately adv.近似地，⼤约 approach n. 接近；途径，⽅法 v. 靠近，接近，动⼿处理 criteria .标准 budget n. 预算 vt. 编预算，为…做预算 vi. 节省开⽀ adj. 不贵的，廉价的 warrant n. 正当理由，根据，委任状，准许 vt. 保证，辩解，担保，授权 propose v. 计划，打算，向...提议；求婚 suggestion n. 建议，意见，迹象，暗⽰，联想 instructional adj. 指导的，教育的 conscious adj. 神志清醒的，意识到的，⾃觉的，有意的 n. 意识 concentration n. 集中，专⼼，浓度 typeface n. 字型，铅字样 binding n. （书籍的）封⽪，镶边，（滑雪板的）⽪靴固定装置 adj. 必须遵守的；有法律约束⼒的 mannerism n. 说话⽅式、姿态、动作等；特殊习惯；矫揉造作；怪癖 peripheral adj. 不重要的，外围的 n. 外围设备 elusive adj. 难懂的，难捉摸的，难记的，逃避的 elude v. 逃避，逃避。
雅思阅读高频词汇
雅思阅读高频词汇雅思阅读高频词汇40组帮你夯实基础一文总结了在雅思阅读中经常出现的词汇。
在雅思阅读中，对于经常出现的词汇我们必须熟悉，否则读不懂原文更没有办法做题。
下面ent n.声明, 陈述2special adj.特别的, 特殊的, 专门的especially adv.尤其，特别specialization n.特殊化, 专门化specialise v.专业化，专门研究specialised adj. 专门的, 专科的specialist n. 专家speciality n.特性, 特质, 专业specify vt.指定, 详细说明specific adj.详细而精确的, 明确的specifically adv.特定的, 明确的species n.种类3differ vi.不同difference n.差异, 差别different adj.不同的differentiate v.区别, 区分4appropriate adj.适当的inappropriate adj.不适当的5staff n. 全体职员6contradict vt.同...矛盾contradiction n.反驳, 矛盾contrary adj.相反的, 逆的contrast vt.使与...对比 n.对比, 对照7claim n.(根据权利提出)要求, 主张 vt.(根据权利)要求, 主张claimant n.(根据权利)提出要求者reclaim vt.要求归还，开垦reclamation n.收回，开垦8similar adj.相似的, 类似的similarly adv.同样地, 类似于similarity n.类似, 类似处assimilation n.同化9evidence n.明显, 显著，证据evident adj.明显的, 显然的10major n. 主修课 adj.主修的，主要的 vi.主修majority n.多数, 大半11further adj.更远的, 更多的 vt.促进, 增进, 助长furthermore adv.此外, 而且12involve t.包括,使陷于involvement n.连累, 包含revolve v.旋转revolution n.革命，旋转revolutionary adj.革命的，全新的 n.革命者revolutionise vt.使彻底改变evolve vt. (使)进化, (使)发展evolution n. 进化, 发展evolutionary adj.进化的13plete adj.全部的, 完全的 vt.完成, 使完善pletely adv.十分, 完全地pletion n.完成acplish vt.完成，实现acplishment n.完成，成就14suit v.适合 n.一套衣服suitable adj.适当的, 相配suitcase n.手提箱, 衣箱15person n.人, 身体personal adj.私人的, 个人的personalize v.使成私人的, 人格化personality n.个性, 人格personnel n.人员, 职员16acmodate vt.供应, 供给, 容纳acmodation n.住处, 膳宿17economy n.经济, 节约economic adj.经济(上)的economical adj.节约的economist n.经济学者, 经济家economics n.经济学18alter v.改变alternative n.二中择一, 可供选择的办法, 事物 adj.选择性的, 二中择一的alternate adj.交替的, 轮流的 v.交替, 轮流, 改变19effect n.效果, 作用, 影响effective adj.有效的effectiveness n.效力effort n.努力, 成就affect vt.影响, 感动affection n. 影响, 爱情,affective adj.情感的affecting adj.感人的, 动人的efficient adj.(直接)生效的, 有效率的efficiency n.效率, 功效sufficient adj.充分的，足够的insufficient adj.不足的，不够的20experiment n.实验, 试验 vi.进行实验, 做试验experimental adj.实验的experimentation n.实验, 试验, 实验法experimenter n.实验者21approach n.接近, 方法 vt.接近approachability n.可接近22previous adj.在前的, 早先的23gene n. 基因geic adj.遗传的geics n.遗传学24object n.物体, 目标, 宾语, 对象 vi.反对, 拒绝, 抗议objection n.异议,拒绝objective n.目标, 目的 adj.客观的25amount n.数量 vi.(to) 总计, 等于26mean adj.低劣的,吝啬的 vt.意谓 n.平均数meaning n.意义, 含意meaningful adj.意味深长的27coal n.煤coal-mining n.挖煤28quality n.质量, 品质, 性质qualify v.(使)具有资格, 证明合格qualification n.资格, 条件qualitative adj.性质上的, 定性的29medicine n.药, 医学medical adj.医学的, 内科的medication n.药物治疗, 药物处理, 药物30term n.学期,条款,术语termly adj.定期的, 每一期的terminology n.术语学31perform vt.履行, 执行, 表演performance n.履行,成绩,表演32subject n.题目, 学科，实验对象 adj.受制于...的, 受...影响的,subjective adj.主观的, 个人的33sense n.官能, 感觉, 意义 vt.感到, 理解, 认识sensation n.感觉, 感情sensitive adj.敏感的, 灵敏的sensitivity n.敏感, 灵敏(度)sensor n.传感器sensory adj.感觉的, 感官的sensus n. 感觉34present n.赠品, 礼物, 现在 adj.现在的, 出席的 vt.赠送, 上演, 提出, 呈现presence n.出席,存在present-day n.互赠礼物的节日presentation n.陈述, 赠送, 表达presently adv.目前, 不久represent vt.表现, 描绘, 代表representation n.代表，表现, 陈述representative n.代表 adj.典型的, 有代表性的35particular adj.特殊的,独特的 n.细节, 详细particulate n.微粒adj.微粒的36union n.联合,联盟, 协会unify vt.统一, 使成一体uniform n.制服 adj.相同的uniformity n.同样, 一致unique adj.唯一的, 独特的unit n.个体, (计量)单位united adj.联合的, 团结的, 一致unity n.团结, 联合, 统一universe n.宇宙, 世界university n.(综合)大学37pany n.公司, 陪伴acpany vt.陪伴, 伴奏38survey n.调查 vt.调查surveyor n.测量员, 检查员39count n.计算 vt.计算，认为有价值account n.计算, 账目 vi.说明,认为accountant n.会计(员), 会计师accounting n.会计学accountancy n.会计师之职, 会计学40significant adj.有意义的, 重要的significance n.意义, 重要性signification n.含义雅思阅读技巧：怎样节省精力有效备考第一，Skimming and Scanning由于雅思考试中有大量的填空题、问答题以及多项选择题，因此能否做好此类题目是阅读考试能否取得理想成绩的关键所在。
雅思阅读中易被忽视的词
雅思阅读中容易被忽略的3类词汇：1、似曾相识，却不知其确切含义；2、一词多义，只知其一不知其二；3、熟词僻义，熟者过熟僻者极僻；。
雅思阅读中容易被忽略的词汇总结：perspective 透视画法;观点，方法;前景，远景prospect 前景，景色;前途;勘探，寻找appreciate 理解，认识，意识到;欣赏;感激elaborate v. &adj. 精心制作，详细描述;精心制作的address v.从事，忙于;n. 演讲appropriate v. 拨给(资金)，盗用/ adj.合适的strain n. 血统，品系，菌株;紧张，张力;v.扭伤，拉紧article n. 物品，商品intrigue v. &n 激发兴趣;密谋;阴谋intriguing adj. 激发兴趣的assume v. 承担，担任;假装;假设bark n. 树皮; 犬吠bill n.议案，法案; 。
鸟嘴;账单champion vt. 支持，拥护;n.冠军aging n.老化，陈酿complex n. 综合体adj.复杂的concern n. 公司(垄断组织“康采恩”就是它的音译)attribute v. &n 归因于;特征，属性default n. &v. 不履行;违约;拖欠;默认(值)drill vt. 钻(孔);训练，操练exploit v. 开发，利用n. 功绩fair n. 集市，交易会;adj.公平的，美丽的adv.公平地，直接地fairly adv. 相当地，公平地game n. 猎物，野味;fashion vt. 形成，塑造n.时尚，方式inviting adj. 引人注目的，吸引人的alternate v. &adj. 交替，轮流; 交替的alternating adj.交互的，交替的alternative n. &adj. 可供选择的方案(option); 选择性的(optional) figure n. 人物;体形hit n. 轰动一时的人物或作品vt. 偶然碰见find n. 发现(物)spring v. &n 跃出，触发;弹簧，弹性;泉水humor n.体液import v. &n 重要;进口preserve v. &n. 禁猎区;蜜饯;保护quality adj. &n 1.优质的;性质，品质issue v. &n. 流出; 出版，发行;问题jar v. &n 震动;坛子envision v.想象，预想literature n. 文献;文学lot n. 一块地;命运，签fine adj. 细小的，美好的;v.罚款minute adj. 微小的，细小的novel adj. 新颖的casual 偶然的，随便的causal 原因的，因果关系的pound v. 猛击;乱敲rear v. &n饲养，栽培;后面的produce n. 产品(尤指农产品)project v. &n使突出，伸出;放映，投射;方案，工程relief n. 凸起，浮雕;(痛苦)减轻，安慰provided conj. 倘若，在…条件下。
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阅读熟词僻义词汇表appropriate v. 擅用，挪用，占用，盗用article n. 物品；制品，商品arrested adj. 引人注目的assume v. 承担，担任。
假装，装作…的样子，采取(…态度)bark n. 树皮; 三桅帆船bill n. 账单；清; 议案，法案; .(水禽等细长而扁平的)嘴〔猛禽的钩状嘴通常叫beak 〕book vt. 预定，定(戏位、车位等)；托运(行李等)build n. 骨格，体格，成形catch n. 陷阱，圈套，诡计；料不到的困难champion vt. 维护，拥护，主张；为…而奋斗。
champion a cause 维护一项事业。
chest n. 1) 箱，函，柜，匣2) 银箱；金库，公款，资金close adj. 闷气的，闷热的complex n. 络合物，复合物，综合体concern n. 商行，公司；财团；康采恩；事业，业务consume vi. 枯萎；憔悴The flowers consumed away. 花枯萎了。
be consumed [away] with (envy, fever, ambition,grief)count n. 起诉理由，罪状。
critical adj. 危急的;决定性的，重大的coat v. 涂上一层(例如油漆)cure v. (鱼等用腌、熏、晒、烤等的)加工保藏(法)。
cut vt. 生，长，出(牙齿)date n. 海枣deal n. (松等的)木板；木材，木料; adj. 松木的dear adj. 昂贵的，高价的default n.&v. 不履行；违约；拖欠defer v. 1) 拖延，迁延，展缓；扣存; 2) 服从，听从，遵从(to)dock n. 草本植物vt. 剥夺，扣去…的应得工资down n. 〔美国〕沙丘; (蒲公英等的)冠毛; 鸭绒，绒毛；(鸟的)绒羽；柔毛。
汗毛，软毛，毳毛draw vt. 提取(钱款); 使打成平局drill vt. (用钢钻)钻(孔)；在…上(用钢钻)钻孔drive n. 冲力，动力；干劲；努力；魄力；精力eat vt. 蛀；腐蚀；消磨exploit n. 功绩，功劳，勋绩factor n. 因子，因数; 倍；乘数；商fair n. 〔英国〕定期集市，庙会。
商品展览会，展销会，商品交易会fashion vt. 形成，铸成，造，作(into; to)felt n. 毛毡；毛布；毡制品；油毛毡。
figure n. 人影，人形；人物fineflyfunctional adj. 从使用的观点设计[构成]的give n. 弹性hide n. 兽皮hit vt. 偶然碰见，遭遇hold n. （货船）船舱humor n. (眼球的)玻璃状液体；(旧时生理学所说动物的)体液；(植物的)汁液。
import n. 意义，含义inviting adj. 引人注目的，吸引人的involved adj. 复杂的，难缠的issue n.&v. 流出，(血、水等的)涌出; 【法律】子孙，子女jar vi 1.给人烦躁[痛苦]的感觉，刺激(on) (发出刺耳声地)撞击(on upon against)。
3.震动，震荡(不和谐地)反响，回荡。
4.(意见、行动等)不一致，冲突，激烈争吵(with)。
jar on sb. 给某人不快之感。
late adj. 已__________去世的，已故的lay adj. 1.一般信徒的，俗人的，凡俗的(opp. clerical)。
2.无经验的，外行(人)的(opp. professional)。
lead n. 铅leave n. 1.许可，同意。
2.告假，休假；假期letter n. 出租人; letters 证书，许可证lot n. 土地make n. 构造measure n. 准绳；韵律meet n. 比赛minute adj. 微小的，细小的novel adj. 新的，新颖的；新奇的，珍奇的，异常的2observe vi.陈述意见，评述，简评(on; upon) strange to observe 讲起来虽奇怪。
I have very little to observe on whathas been said. 关于刚才所听到的我没什么话好讲。
vt. observe silence 保持沉默。
observe a rule 遵守规则。
organ n. 【音乐】(教堂用的)管风琴(＝〔美国〕pipe organ)；(足踏)风琴；手摇风琴；口琴。
机构；机关；机关报[杂志]；喉舌；报刊。
outstanding adj. 未付的，未清的；未解决的；未完成的partial adj. 【植物；植物学】后生的，再生的。
period 【音乐】乐段pile n. 1. 高大建筑；2. 痔疮3. 软毛，绒毛；毛茸。
(布、绒的)软面。
pitch n. 沥青；含有沥青的物质；松脂，树脂pool n. 【医学】淤血pound n. 兽栏v. .(连续)猛击；乱敲；砰砰砰地乱弹(钢琴等)，乱奏(曲子)preserve n. 1) 禁猎区；2)蜜饯produce n. 物产；产品，农产品；制品，作品project v. 使突出，使凸出; 伸出。
The upper storey projects over the street. 二楼伸出街上。
promise n. (前途有)希望；(有)指望pronounced adj. 决然的，断然的，强硬的；明白的，显著的。
provided conj. 倘若…，只要，在…条件下。
quality adj. 1.优质的，高级的。
2.上流社会的。
quarters n. 寓所，住处；【军事】营房，驻地，营盘，宿舍；岗位。
rate v. 1) 被估价；被评价The ship rates as a ship of the line. 这条船列入战列舰级。
2) 申斥，斥责，骂rear 饲养(家畜等)；抚养，教养(孩子)；栽培(作物)。
relief n. 【雕刻】凸起；浮起，浮雕；浮雕品；【绘画】人物凸现，轮廓鲜明rent v. 1. (rend 的过去分词) 撕碎； n. 【地质学；地理学】断口; (意见等的)分裂，分歧；(关系等的)破裂retire vi. 就寝，去睡觉run n. 丝袜上的洞save conj. 除了say n. 发言权scale n. 阶梯，梯子; v. 用梯子爬上；爬越，攀登; n. 天平；n. 鳞；(锅垢、锈) v. 剥鳞/垢、锈school n. (鱼、鲸等水族动物的)群；队。
a school of dolphins 一群海豚。
score n. 【音乐】总谱，乐谱；(电影歌舞等的)配乐screen n. 筛子season vt. 1.使熟练；使(习)惯。
2.风干；晒干(木材)；晾干，对…进行干燥处理；使陈化。
3.使适应(气候等)。
4.给…加味[调味]。
5.给…增加趣味。
6.缓和，调和。
secretary n. 1.(上部附有书橱的)写字台。
2.书写体大写铅字。
secure vt. 搞到；把…拿到手；得到；获得serve vi. 【网球】开球；发球shower n. (美)(为新娘等举行的)送礼会；(婚前、产后)的聚会shrink n. 精神病医师sound vi. 1.测水深；探测(上层空气)。
2.试探(别人的意见)；调查(可能性)。
3.(鱼或鲸鱼)突然潜入海底。
sow n. 大母猪spell vt. 1. 招致，带来; 2. 轮班，换班；替班; 3.符咒，咒语。
2.吸引力，诱惑力，魔力，魅力。
spoke n. (车轮的)辐条spot vt. 认出，发现，定位spring n. 弹簧；泉水v. 扭伤(腿)stand v. 忍受；n. 床头柜standard n. 直立支柱；灯台；烛台，电杆，垂直的水管(电管)。
start v. (船材、钉等)松动，翘曲，歪，脱落。
stem v. 起源于，起因于，(由…)发生，来自(from out of)。
Correct decisions stem from correct judgments. 正确的决心来自于正确的判断。
still n. 蒸馏锅v. 整流strain n. 血统，家世；族，种；【生物学】品系，系；菌株；变种，小种。
stroke n. 笔画temper n. (黏土的)黏度；(灰泥的)稠度；tender v. 正式提出； tender one's resignation 提出辞呈train: n. SCHEME, TRICK ; 敲门，绝技vessel n. 船，舰；飞船wage v. 实行，进行，作(战等) (on against)way adv.〔美口〕…得多，远为。
★与above, ahead, behind, below, down, off, out, over, up 等副词、介词连用，以加强语气。
way back 老早以前。
way down upon the river Thames 在老远老远的泰晤士河边。
way up 还在上面；好得多。
way out of balance 逆差很大很大。
weather vt.【地质学；地理学】〔常用被动语态〕使风化well n. 井；vt. 涌出，喷出(up/out/forth)wind n. 肠气，屁；v. 嗅出，察觉，嗅到猎物的气味（winded/winded）；v. (winded/wound) 吹(角笛、喇叭等)。
wind a call吹哨子(召唤)。
v. (wound/wound) 卷绕，缠绕；上发条。