《英美社会与文化》复习题汇总

期末复习题目汇总（答案不提供）I. Fill in the blanks.(History)1. Most people who came to the British colonies in the 1600s were ____English_________. Others came from The Netherlands, Sweden, Germany, France, Scotland, and Northern Ireland. By 1690, 250,000 people lived in the ______New World________. By 1790, there were2.5 million people.2. The first settlements were along the Atlantic coast and on rivers that flowed into the ocean. In the Northeast, trees covered the hills and stones filled the soil, but water power was available. The Northeast was called New England, and it included Massachusetts,________Connecticut_______, and _______Rhode Island______________. The economy was based on timber, fishing, shipbuilding, and trade.3. The ideas of __liberalism____________ and ________democracy_____ are the basis of the U.S. political system. As the colonists built their new society, they believed more strongly in these ideas. Britain’s 13 colonies grew in population and economic strength during the 1700s. Although ruled by a distant government, the colonists governed many local affairs.4. The American Revolution and the war for independence from Britain began with a small fight between British troops and colonists on April 19, _1775______. The British troops left __Boston________, Massachusetts, planning to take weapons and ammunition from revolutionary colonists. At ______Lexington_______, they met armed colonists who were called ______Minutemen_________ because they could be ready to fight in a minute.(holiday)5. Va lentine’s Day originated in the ____Roman_____ Era.6. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. made the famous ___I have a dream, the Nobel Peace Prize_______ speech in 1963.7. Easter is an important ___religious and social_________ festival in Christian countries.8. President Woodrow Wilson, in 1914, made the official announcement proclaiming____Mother’s Day____ as a national holiday that was to be held each year on the 2nd Sunday of May.9. __Independence Day________ is the National Day of US which is observed on July 4.10. Columbus Day celebrates ___the discovery in America_______ by Christopher Columbus on October 12, 1492.11. On__Halloween__, American children dress up in funny or scary costumes and go trick or treating by knocking on doors in their neighborhood.12. Thanksgiving Day is a federal holiday celebrated on the fourth Thursday in____November__.13. Earth Day is designed to promote _ecology__________.14. Thanksgiving celebrates the first harvest feast between the Indians and the___Pilgrims_ during t he settlers’ first year in America.(politics)15. The Congress in the United States is composed of the Houseof Representatives and the Senate; the Parliament in Britain is composed of the monarch, the House of Lords and the House of Commons .16. The Three branches of the American federal government are the legislative branch , the executive branch , and the judicial branch .17. In the United Kingdom, the Prime Minister is head of government; in the United States, the President is the head of government.18. The House of Lords in the United Kingdom consists of two very different types of members, the Lords Temporal and the Lords Spiritual . (economy)19. Two of the basic powers that government can wield in a tax foreclosure are taxation and eminent ___domain_______.20. Once the property becomes _delinquent__________, the homeowner begins to receive letters from the lender requesting payment for the mortgage.21. __Real estate owned_________ properties that revert back to the lender because of foreclosure (or deeds in lieu of foreclosure) are normally called REOs, or real estate owned properties.22. The sub-prime crisis, which has its roots in the closing years of the 20th century, became apparent in 2007 and has exposed pervasive weakness in financial industry____financial industry regulation______ and the global financial system.23. In recent months, we have taken steps to shore up the housing sector -- including measures to help struggling homeowners avoid ___foreclosure______ and keep their homes.24. Union contracts set both a wage floor and a wage ceiling. __Union contracts______ employers may not give productive workers pay raises outside those envisioned in the collectively bargained contract.25. The government should end the _interventions_______ it has made since 2008, starting with abolition of the TARP program. It then should abolish Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae and repeal all U.S. government regulatory measures that interfere with mortgage markets.26. Factor differences between Britain and U.S. resulted in Britain benefiting from its highly skilled _workforce_______, two thirds of which were employed with companies staffed with less than 250 workers.27. Unlike Britain, the U.S. had a national, homogeneous market in which large corporations profited from economies of scale and mass production.28. The 1976 agreement with the monetary fund was not only seen as a national embarrassment, it remained a symbol of a country that, under various Labor governments, effectively lost control of the economy to militant trade unions, resulting in spiraling debt and rampant work stoppages that brought down Britain.(education)29. In the United States, if some of the students want to go to school during July or August, they could enroll in ____summer__ sessions.30. Two oldest universities in Britain are _Cambridge_____ and ____Oxford__.31. The most famous public school in Britain is called _Eton (college) _____.32. In the U.S., except kindergarten, there are two other classroom situations to which little children are introduced. They are _nursery school_____ and __day-care center____.33. __American football______ is the college sport that often stirs up the most national interest in the United States.34. There are three forms of monetary assistance that college students receive. They are: ___loans___, ___scholarships___, and ___part-time jobs___.(religion)35. Freedom of religious belief or non-belief is provided in __the Bill of Rights______ in the Constitution.36. In the US, religious instruction in public schools is ___against the Constitution_____ according to a ruling by the Supreme Court.37. The two Protestant denominations, __Baptists______ and _Methodists_______ are by now regarded as wholly American.38. In the US, the largest single religious group is that of ___Roman Catholics_____. The largest Protestant group is _____Baptists___. Next to that Protestant sect is__Methodists______. A very small and select Protestant group is _Quakers_______.39. The first Catholic president is ___John F·Kennedy_____.40. In England, four-fifths of the people except the Catholics go to church. Yet____half____ of American Protestants are active church members.(national characters)41. Immigrants flooding into the United States in the 17th, 18th and much of the 19th centuries were mainly from ______northern____ and ____western Europe________.42. People who came to the New World prior to the founding of the United States are called “_early immigrants___”, while those who arrived in America before 1880 are referred to as “_old immigrants_”.43. ___Black__ people constitute the largest ethnic-racial minority group in the US today.44. That “All men are created equal” is from the document _the Declaration of Independence___.45. The cultural diversity in the US finds its best expression in the well-known term____melting pot_________.46. The British national characteristic of ____Irish national identity___________ finds its expression in the fact that many British people still prefer to have a fireplace in their living room, and still adhere to the Monarchy.(mass media)47. British National Broadcasters can be divided into two types: 1) Public Broadcasting, such as the famous _BBC_____, which was founded in 1922; and 2) Private Broadcasting, such as __ITV____, __Channel 4____, and __Channel 5____.48. British public broadcasting should serve the purpose of _entertaining_____,__informing____ and __educating____ the nation.49. The most striking characteristics of magazine development in the U.S. during the twentieth century was a trend toward ___specialization___, ___changing lifestyle___ and __shifting economic conditions____ in the decades following World War I influenced magazine development.(leisure and entertainment)50. In early America, leisure was values with_ suspicion_______ and __little value___.51. The American puritans’ extreme emphasis placed on work and the detestation of idleness were supported by _Puritan theology_____, which gave moral sanction to economic necessity.52. Contemporary Americans believe that leisure should be more than a___restorative________ for work; it should be viewed as an __important________ part of modern life and be regarded as a ___worthwhile_____ end or goal in and of itself.53. In Great Britain, Pubs usually have two separate rooms: the ___public___ bar and the ____lounge_____bar.(social problems)54. __Poverty_______ reemerged as a social program in the 1960s and was perceived as a condition that represented a glaring gap between American ___ideals_______ and___reality_______.55. Drug abuse is a social problem because it has a wide range of social costs. It is closely related with ____crime_____, __automobile__ accidents. It has serious effects on individuals ____physically_____ and ____mentally______, and the____economic_______ losses caused by drug abuse are great.56. British conservative known to the world, but British teenage __pregnancy__ rate unexpectedly is highest in the world.II. True or false statements.1. Thomas Paine, a radical political thinker, argued for independence and against hereditary monarchy in his pamphlet Common Sense.2. Thomas Jefferson was the main writer of the Declaration of Independence.3. The British soldiers were also called Roundheads.4. Thomas Jefferson was the commander-in-chief of the colonial army.5. The Declaration of Independence, adopted July 4, 1777, announced the birth of a new nation.6. Earth Day was first celebrated in 1970 in Britain.7. Many people now refer Washington's Birthday as "Presidents' Day" and consider it a day honoring all American presidents.8. The first presidential proclamation honoring fathers was issued in 1966 by President John F. Kennedy.9. Labor Day is a United States federal holiday observed on May 1st.10. Boxing Day actually has nothing to do with boxing.11. Both Britain and America have a written constitution. In Britain, there is no Bill of Rights to guarantee the individual rights of every citizen, while in America there is one.12. The General Election in Britain takes place every four to five years, while the presidential election in America takes place every four years.13. In the United States, both the president and the senators can serve at most 8-year terms.14. The Supreme Court is the highest court in the United States. It consists of nine Justices: the Chief Justice and eight Associate Justices. The Justices are nominated by the President and confirmed with the consent of the Senate.15. In the United Kingdom, implementation of the Minister's decisions is carried out by a permanent politically neutral organization known as the civil service. The independence and professional of the British civil service is a fundamental feature of the British political system.16. According to Josh Rosner, co-author of Reckless Engagement, there was a symbiotic relationship between Wall Street and the GSEs and Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac were the largest buyers of sub-prime securities the Wall Street was bundling, packaging and selling themselves.17. An abundance of cheap credit makes borrowing money easy for banks and causes them to go crazy with leverage.18. U.S. corporate tax rate, currently the second highest in the developed world, must be hiked to restore U.S. competitiveness.19. Although Britain’s domestic market was smaller, consumer demands were much less heterogeneous than in the U.S. due to cultural factors and wage inequality.20. As the lesson of Britain’s crisis in 1976 demonstrates, good intentions are not enough to offset a loss of international investor confidence.21. About half of income of British universities is provided by the State.22. The “eleven plus” is the exam taken by children in their last year at primary school.23. An American college student should maintain a low C average in order to remain in school.24. In order to attend college, a high school student in the U.S. must pass the college entrance examination.25. Since World War II, one of the most dramatic developments in U.S. higher education has been the ever-rising cost.26. Religion in America has been identified with an oppressive or dominant social class or set of political institutions.27. There are more than a hundred other Protest sects, many of them hardly known to anyone except their own members, but with a combined membership of more than twenty million. They express variety, rather than doctrinal shism.28. The largest single religious group is that of Roman Catholics, More than one-quarter of all Americans are now of the Roman Catholic faith, and the majority of these are descendants of immigrants from Germany and Scandinavia.29. It is probably safe to say that the Orthodox Church members are more outside the main stream of American social and religious life, or less assimilated, than members of other religious bodies.30. It is still considered unlikely that a Jew could be elected as President of the United States, because of the strong built-in prejudices of the Protest majority.31. Black people constitute the largest ethnic racial minority group in the U.S. today.32. The frontier experience shaped, to a large extent, the American National character.33. Phrases like “from rags to riches” clearly demonstrate the American belief in the myth of American Dream.34. The sentence “an Englishman’s home is his castle” suggests that conservatism is a part of the British national character.35. The British geographic separation from the European continent helped shape the British sense of aloofness from strangers.36. In Britain, the greater part of most people’s leisure time is spent in the home.37. As for British people, the working class considers the home as a private place while the middle class regards it as a social zone.38. People who play Bingo consider themselves to be gamblers.39. Many Americans prefer leisure activities that require a high level of physical exertion.40. As for American people, the effects of pre-industrial Puritanism are still rather profound in the contemporary society.41. New figures show the number of children and teenagers taken to hospital after drinking alcohol has gone up by nearly a third.42. Within the field of criminology, white-collar crime has been defined as “a crime committed by a person of respectability and high social status in the course of his occupation.”43. Poverty in the United States does not simply mean that the poor do not live quite as well as other citizens. Poverty can also mean low self-esteem, despair, and stunting of human potential.44. Britain has the lowest divorce rate and smallest proportion of lone parents in Europe.45. A survey reported by OECD says that the health of British teenagers ranks the last one among all the OECD member countries, because of smoking, drinking and teenager pregnancy.III. Short-answer questions.1. What do you know about the Declaration of Independence?2. What are the distinctive features of middle colonies of the 13 colonies?3. What are the distinctive features of the Southern colonies of the 13 colonies?4. Can you briefly introduce the traditions of Thanksgiving Day?5. What does Easter celebrate and how do people celebrate it?6. Can you list four basic principles that the American Constitution of 1789 is built on?7. What are the two dominant political parties in the United States and the three dominant political parties in the United Kingdom?8. What are the causes of the sub-prime (mortgage) crisis in the U.S.?9. What solutions are needed to restore the U.S. to a free economy?10. What is the greatest argument about public schools in Britain?11. Why are day-care centers in large demand in the U.S.?12. Many Americans are religious without concerning themselves doctrine. Use what you have learned to illustrate this point.13. What is the major difference in religious observance between Americans on the one hand, and the English and the Swedish on the other? How do you account for the difference?14. Why are there so many free choices in religion for Americans? Why is there no fierce religious struggle in the US as it often happens in Europe?15. Briefly explain “mobility” as one of the American national characteristics.16. What is the “American Dream”?17. What are the differ ences between “a bowl of salad” and “a melting pot” as metaphors of the American society?18. Give some examples of Quality Newspapers (at least 4) and Popular Newspapers (at least 5) in Britain.19. What are the three distinct types of magazines that evolved in the civil war period?20. Please list some differences between Tabloid readers and Quality paper readers?21. American people in the pre-industrial and post-industrial eras have placed different focuses on work. Please briefly illustrate them.22. G enerally speaking, how do British people see “work” and “leisure”?23. What is the fundamental cause of poverty in affluent America?24. What does poverty mean in the United States?IV. Writing1. Due Attention Should Be Given To the Study of Chinesea. 近年来在学生中出现了忽视中文的现象b. 出现这种现象的原因和后果c. 为了改变这种状况，我认为……2. Pros and Cons of Celebrating Western Holidays in China3. In recent years, a growing number of food safety scandals have been exposed to the public in China. Cases include steamed buns that had been dyed with unidentified chemicals (dyeing steamed buns染色馒头), the use of “lean meat powder” （瘦肉精）and poor quality recycled cooking oil known as “gutter oil”（地沟油）, etc. In your opinion, what measures should the government take to deal with the food safety problems in China?4. Pros and Cons of Buying a House5. Pros and Cons of University Ranking6. How To Improve Student's Mental Health?a. 大学生的心理健康十分重要b. 因此，学校可以……c. 我们自己应当……7. Write a passage on the comparative analysis of the American and the Chinese national character.8. The Function of Mass Media9. Why Are There So Many Rural Laborers in Big Cities?a. 近年来越来越多的民工涌入大城市b. 产生这一社会现象的原因c. 我对这一现象的看法10. Write a paper in which you argue for or against the comments below.Statistics show that newly licensed teenage boys cause a higher number of serious automobile accidents than any other group. It is evident that many young men are too reckless and impulsive to be good drivers. In order to protect the larger society, the age at which a boy can earn his license should be raised to eighteen.。

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英美文化复习范围

英美文化考试范围（加强版）题型一、选择题55分二、填空题15分三、简答题 20分（4问）四、问答题 10分（2选1）具体范围一、选择题第1、3、5、10章课后选择题补充：Unit 11. The ancestors of the Welsh are ___A__.A. the CeltsB. the RomansC. the AnglesD. the Normans2. Which of the following is not one of the three Germanic tribes that came to be the basis of modern English race?AA. the Viking DanesB. the AnglesC. the SaxonsD. the Jutes3. The historical Arthur is believed by most historians as a _A__ warrior.A. Celtic B Anglo C Saxon D Norman4. For much of the Middle Ages, Britain was ruled by a(n) ___B___-speaking aristocracy.A. EnglishB. FrenchC. GermanD. GaelicUnit 21. One of the following took place during the Elizabethan age:BA. the making of the Magna CartaB. the defeat of the Spanish Armada by the English navyC. the rule of Alfred the GreatD. the defeat of King Harold by France2. In England, the monarch, D , declared that the Pope was no longer head of the Church of England.A. Bloody Mary C. King Henry VB. Queen Elizabeth I. D. King Henry VIII3. Three of the following were characteristics of the Elizabethan age. Which of the four is the exception? AA. Queen Elizabeth advocated the Divine Right and quarreled with Parliament.B. Protestantism gradually became the dominant faith.C. This was the age of literature when Shakespeare lived and when English literature blossomed.D. This was the age of adventure on the sea.4. Victorianism was characterized by the following except DA. It was in an age of imperialismB. It saw the great progress in sciences with Charles Darwin as a prominent figure.C. It was the age when the great progress was made in the field of communications.D. It was an age when the Battle of Hastings was won by the Duke of Wellington.Unit521. Which of the following states is called “the Old Colony State”? BA. PennsylvaniaB. MassachusettsC. DelawareD. Georgia22. The term “Father of Waters” is used to refer to _____C_____.A. the Amazon River C. the Mississippi RiverB. the Nile River D. the Hudson River23. Which of the following was not first grown by Native Americans? BA. potato C. pumpkinB. cabbage D. corn24. The first colony at Jamestown in Virginia surv ived because the colonists discovered a way to earn money. Which of the following was discovered by the Virginians? BA. shipping cotton to EuropeB. growing tobacco in VirginiaC. making a profit by fishingD. growing cotton25. Three of the following were the motives of the English Puritans who went to New England as immigrants. Which was the exception? AA. They believed that the Church of England was not Catholic enough.B. They believed that the Church of England was too Catholic in religious practices.C. They were persecuted in England.D. They wanted to established a colony based on their own religious ideals.26. Thanksgiving Day is originally celebrated by people for __D___.A. healthB. safetyC. freedomD. harvest27. __C___ was the only Founding Father to sign the Declaration of Independence, the United States Constitution, the Treaty of Alliance with France, and the Treaty of Paris.A. George WashingtonB. Thomas JeffersonC. Benjamin FranklinD. John Adams28. The following words of wisdom were given by Benjamin Franklin except __B___A. A penny saved is a penny earned.B. All for one, one for all. ([法] Dumas pére大仲马)C. Time is money.D. Early to bed and early to rise, makes a man healthy, wealthy, and wise.29. George Washington served _B____ term(s) as US President.A. oneB. twoC. threeD. four30. The author of Uncle Tom’s Cabin was ______C______.A. Thomas PaineB. Barbara SmithC. Harriet Beecher StoweD. Mark Twain判断会变为选择题型39. The first English colony was set in (Jamestown in Virginia).40. The (bald eagle) was chosen as the representative of the United States.41. Geographically the United States can be roughly divided into three parts— the western part, the southern part and New England. (X)42. The (Rocky Mountains) are the backbone of North America.45. Pilgrim Fathers settled at Plymouth in (1620).46. The purpose of the First Continental Congress was to (放宽高压政策)47. (Benjamin Franklin) was the first to celebrate the American Dream.50. The Bill of Rights ensured the （individual liberties）51. Mount Rushmore is famous for the faces of four American Presidents, who are G. Washington, T. Jefferson, A. Lincoln, and T. Roosevelt. （此处有改动，原版为F.Roosevelt，是错误的）52. The Battle of Gettysburg was fought on July 1 and 2, 1863 and is considered the turning point in the (Civil War.)二、填空题Unit15. Normans under William the Conqueror invaded England from France, defeating the Saxon king Harold at the Battle of ___ ____ Hastings ____ in 1066.6.The full name of the United Kingdom is _ The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland___.6. The two largest islands of the British Isles are _ England ___ and __ Ireland.__. (此处有改动)7. All the kings of the Middle Ages in Britain spoke __ French ___ as their mother tongue, and after the Hundred Years’ War, the __ English ____ langua ge took its place.8. What are the main consequences of the Norman Conquest? The significance of Norman Conquest lies in the following aspects: the foundation of aristocracy, the final unification of England, the great administrative process, and a link to France.Unit 25. The Origin of Species was written by _____ Charles Darwin _________.6. All English official documents bear the initials OHMS which stands for ____ On Her Majesty’s Service ______.7 In Britain, the executive power is in the hands of __cabinet________.8. ____ Queen Victoria _____ takes the credit of the longest reign in British history.9. In the “Grab for Africa” (Britain) got the lion’s share, which confirmed its supremacy. Unit 51. The nickname for the USA national flag is “_____ Old Glory ________________”.2. The state of _____ Virginia _____ was named in honor of Queen Elizabeth I.3. As US national motto, “E Pluribus Unum” means ___ out of many, one ____________ 5. As pen name of Samuel Langhorne Clemens, Mark Twain mean s _Mark numbertwo_________.6. The largest state in terms of area is __Alaska ________ and the largest state in terms of population is _California_________.7. The meaning of Mississippi is “_great waters_______”.8. Some _Puritans__________, called the Pilgrims, crossed the Atlantic in the ship Mayflower and settled at Plymouth, Massachusetts in 1620.9. The writer O. Henry called ___Thanksgiving________ the one holiday that is purely American.10. The first shot in the American War of Independence was heard at the village of__Lexington_________ on April 19, 1775.11. In May, 1775, ___the second Continental Congress_________ met in Philadelphia and began to assume the functions of a national government.12. On June 14, 1776, the second Continental Congress officially appointed _George Washington____ as commander-in-chief of the Continental Army.13. _Thomas Jefferson____ was instructed by the Committee of Five to write the Declaration of Independence.14. The Independence Day of the United States is on __July 4th___________.16. The famous “that this government of the people, by the people, for the people” was from _the Gettysburg Address_________17. The 2nd Amendment in the Bill of Rights granted the American people the right to keep and bear __arms________.三、简答题Unit18. What are the main consequences of the Norman Conquest?The significance of Norman Conquest lies in the following aspects: the foundation of aristocracy, the final unification of England, the great administrative process, a link to France, a great influence of French on English.(此处有改动，原版共四点，现改为五点) Unit210. What were the main features of the Elizabethan age?The Elizabethan age is often remmembered by two things. The first is literature, especially the William Shakespeare’s play. The second is marine adventure and the Establishment of maritime hegemony(不好意思，这个没记全，是我自己结合着写的)11. Explain the atmosphere of Victorianism.Victorianism was an age of national development and national optimism. Tremendous social reform took place. The greatist one of all was made in the field of communications. Victorianism family life had the quality of stability and the victorians were extremely religious. It was also an age of imperialism.Unit 535. What is the significance of the Second Continental Congress?In May 1775, the second Continental Congress met in Philadelphia and began to assume the functions of a national government. It founded a Continental Army and Navy under the commond of George WashingtonOn June 11th, 1776, the second Continental Congress appointed a committee of five men to draft a Declaration of Independence,The young Thomas Jefferson was chosen by the committee to draft the Declaration of Independence, which the congress adopted on July 4th, 1776.37. What social problems did the American Civil War solve?The war resolved two fundamental questions that had divided the United States since 1776.It put an end to slavery, which was completely abolished by the 13th Amendment to the constitution in 1865.It also decided, once and for all, that American was not a collection of semi-independent states, but a single indiv isible nation.四、问答题（2选1作答，不少于100字）1、美国枪支泛滥what do you think of the wide spread of gun in the US？2、君主立宪制。

英美社会与文化考试复习题.docx

英美社会与文化复习题L Choose the one that best completes each of the following statements.The two main islands of the British Isles areSamuel Johnson's dictionary was influential in establishing a standard form of ___________ • A. grammar B. handwriting C. spelling D. pronunciation At present, nearly ________ of the worlds population communicate in English.A. half B ・ a quarter C. one third D. one fifth attack on Rome ended the Roman occupation in Britain in 410.A. NormanB. DanishC. CelticD. Germanicbecame the dominant religion in England• B. Anglo-Saxon ChristianityD. Roman ChristianityWestminster Abbey was built at the time of A. St. AugustineC ・ William the Conqueror The _______ marked the establishment of feudalism in England.A ・ Viking invasion B. signing of the Magna Carta C- Norman ConquestD ・ Adoption of common lawThe end of the Wars of the Roses led to the rule of .D. the House of Lancaster The direct cause for the Religious Reformation was King Henry VIIFs effort to A. divorce his wife B. break with RomeC. support the ProtestantsD. declare his supreme power over the church The English Civil War broke out in 1642 between ________ •A ・ Protestants and PuritansB. Royalists and ParliamentariansA. Great Britain and IrelandB. Great Britain and ScotlandC. Great Britain and WalesD. Great Britain and England _______ is the capital city of Scotiand. A. Belfast B. Edinburgh According to a 2005 estimate, Britain now has a population of over A.160 B.600 C. 60 C. Aberdeen D. Cardiff million. D. 16 is the smallest. Among the four parts of the United Kingdom, A. England B. Scotland C. Wales Almost a quarter of the British population lives in ________ England. A. northeastern B. southeastern C. northwestern D. Northern Ireland D. southwestern English belongs to the _______ group of Indo-European family of languages. A. Celtic B. Indo-Iranian C. Germanic D ・ Roman The introduction of Christianity to Britain added the first element of English. A. Danish and FinnishB. Dutch and Germanwords toC. French and ItalianD. Latin and GreekThe evolution of Middle English was reinforced by the ______B. DutchC. German A. Norman influence.D. Danish TheBy the late 7th century,A. Celtic ChristianityC ・ Germanic Christianity B. Edward the ConfessorD. Alfred the Great A. the House of Valois B. the House of York C ・ the House of TudorC.nobles and peasants D・ aristocrats and Christians_______ was passed after the Glorious Revolution.A.Bill of RightsB. Act of SupremacyC・ Provisions of Oxford D. Magna CartaThe Industrial Revolution was accomplished in Britain by the middle of the __________ century.A.17thB. 18thC. 19thD. 20thBritain faced strong challenges in its global imperial dominance by the beginning of the ________ century.A.17thB. 18thC. 19thD. 20thThe British government is characterized by a division of powers between three of the following branches with the exception of the ____________________________ .A. judiciary B・ legislature C. monarchy D・ executiveThe importance of the British monarchy can be seen in its effect on __________ •A. passi ng the billsB. advising the govern me ntC・ political parties D・ public attitudeAs a revising chamber, the House of Lords is expected to __________ the House of Commons.A. rivalB. complementC. criticizeD. inspectBritish Cabinet works on the principle of ________ .A. collective responsibilityB. individual responsibilityC. defending the collectivism D・ defending the individualsThe main duty of the British Privy Council is to _________ .A. make decisionsB. give adviceC. pass bills D・ supervise the CabinetIn Britain, the parliamentary general election is held every _________ years.A. threeB. fourC. fiveD. six_______ has a distinct legal system based on Roman law.A・ Wales B. England C. Scotland D. Northern IrelandGen erally speaking, the British Parliament operates on a _________ system.A. single-partyB. two-partyC. three-party D・ multi-partyThe policies of the Conservative Party are characterized by pragmatism and __________ .A. government interventionB. nationalization of enterprisesC. social reformD. a belief in individualismThe Labor Party affected the British society greatly in that it _________ .A. set up the National Health ServiceB. improved public transportationC. abolished the old tax system D・ enhaneed the economic developmentThe British economy achieved global dominance by the __________ ・A. 1860sB. 1870sC. 1880s D」890sIn ______ , the British Parliament passed two important acts to establish a welfare state.A. 1945B. 1946C. 1947D. 1948The _______ in the early 1970s worsened an already stagnant economy in Britain.A. oil crisisB. high inflation ratesC. large importsD. unemployment problemOf the following practices, ________ does not belong to Thatcher's social welfare reform.A. reducing child benefitsB. shortening the unemployment benefits periodC. reducing the unemployment D・ 1 owering old age pensionsThe Blair government has been successful in all the following aspects except __________ ・A.limiting government spendingB. keeping inflation under controlC. reducing unemployment D・ reducing inequalityBritain has devoted ________ of its land area to agriculture・A.54%B. 64%C. 74%D.84%Britain's important fishing areas include all the following except _________ ・A.the North SeaB. the English ChannelC. The sea area around Ireland D・ The sea area between Britain and IrelandCoal mining industry in Britain provides ________ of the energy consumed in the country.A. 1/3B. 1/4C. 1/5D. 2/3The car industry in Britain in mostly ________ .A. foreign-owned B・ state-owned C. joint-venture D. privately-ownedOf the following sectors in Britain, __________ has experienced spectacular growth since theend of Word War II.A. agriculture B・ energy industry C. service industry D. manufacturing industryIn Britain, the division between grammar schools and vocational schools were ended by the introduction of comprehensive schools in the _____________________ .A. 1930sB. 1940sC. 1950sD. 1960sAbout _______ of British children receive primary and secondary education through theindependent system・A. 5%B.6%C. 7%D. 8%Partially funded by central government grants, the British universities receive their remaining funds from all the following sources except _____________________ •A. tuition feesB. loansC. donationsD. corporate contributionsOf the following, ________ is NOT a basis of admission to Britain's universities.A. result in national entrance testB. A-level resultC. an interview D・ school referencesTo be admitted to the Open University, one need _________ .A. some educational qualificationsB. no educational qualificationsC・ General Certificate of Education-Advanced D. General National Vocational Qualifications Among Britain's quality press, the following newspapers are regarded as the "Big Three" with the exception of . A. The Times B. The Guardian C. The Observer D. The Daily TelegraphLife on Earth is a kind of ________ program produced by the BBC and is popular among 500million viewers worldwide.A. feature B・ drama C. documentary D. soap opera______ is Britain's top pay television provider.A. BSBB. SkyTVC. BBCD. BSkyBOf the following, ________ is NOT a common feature of all the British holidays・A. families getting togetherB. friends exchanging good wishesC・ friends enjoying each other's company D. families traveling overseasThe following Christmas traditions are particularly British except ________ .A. Trooping the ColorB. Queen's Christmas messageC. Boxing Day D・ Christmas pantomimeThe most significant achievement of the English Renaissance is __________ ・ A. poetryB. dramaC ・ novelD ・ pamphlet______ is viewed as Romantic poetry's "Declaration of Independence.^ A. “I Wondered Lonely as a Cloud” B. Don JuanC. "Preface to Lyrical Ballads^D. Prometheus Unbound Of Dickens 9 novels, _______ is considered autobiographical ・A. A Tale of Two CitiesB. David CopperfieldC. Oliver TwistD. Great Expectations ______ is a representative of English Critical Realism at the turn of the 19th century ・A. Robert Louis StevensonB. John MiltonC. Joseph ConradD. Thomas HardyOf the following statements, ________ is NOT correct in terms of Neo-Romanticism.A. It prevailed at the end of the 19th century ・B. The writers were dissatisfied with the social reality.C. The writers believed in "Art for Art's Sake".D. Treasure Island was a representative work. ______ is NOT included in the modernist group ・ A. Oscar Wild B. Virginia Woolf C. William Butler Yeats D. T. S. EliotOf the following books, _______ was NOT written by Thomas Hardy.A. Jude the ObscureB. Tess of the D'UrbendllesC. Adam BedeD. The Return of the NativeOf the following statements, ________ is NOT correct about Virginia Woolf. A. She was a central figure of the "Bloomsbury Group"・ B ・ She experimented with stream of consciousness ・ C ・ She was an influential feminist. The U. S ・ lies in ______ North America, with Canada to the north, Mexico to the south, the Atlantic to its ________ and the Pacific to its ________ . A. northern, east, west B. central, east, west C. southern, west, eastD ・ western, east, westThe largest river in the U ・ S ・ is ______ A ・ the Missouri River C. the Ohio River Some of the world famous universities like Harvard, Yale and MIT are located __________A. in the SouthB. along the Pacific Coast C ・ in New EnglandD. Her masterpiece was The Rainbow.Of the following writers, ________ is NOT a Nobel Prize winner. A. Samuel Beckett B. James Joyce Waiting for Godot is written by _______ A. Samuel Beckett C. William GoldingD. V. S. NaipaulThe United States has B. George Orwell C. William Golding stateson the continent.D. D. H. LawrenceA. 50B.49C. 48D. 35The state ofA. Alaska is the largest in area of all the states.B. Hawaii C ・ Texas D. FloridaB. the Mississippi RiverD. the Colorado RiverD. in the Midwest______ is located on the U・ S. -Canadian border between Lake Erie and Lake Ontario・A. Yellowstone National ParkB. The Grand CanyonC.Niagara FallsD. The Great Salt LakeThe native Alaskan population includes the following except the _________ .A・ Indians B. Eskimos C. Aleuts D. BlacksThe largest minority in the United States is the ________ ・A. Pacific IslandersB. BlacksC. Native AmericansD. AsiansThe Immigrants Act of 1924 restricted the further immigration into the United States, particularly from __________________ .A・ Europe B. Asia C. Africa D. South America The characteristic of dominant American culture is _________ .A. English-speaking, northern European, Roman Catholic and middle-classB・ English-speaking, western European, Roman Catholic and upper-classC・ English-speaking, northern European, Protestant and upper-classD.English-speaking, western European, Protestant and middle-classThe first successful English colony in North America was founded at _________ in ________ .A. Jamestown, LouisianaB. Boston, MassachusettsC- Jamestown, Virginia D. Plymouth, GeorgiaPilgrim Fathers are a group of ____________ who came to America to avoid persecution inEngland ・A. ProtestantsB. PuritansC. CatholicsD. ChristiansThe Seven YearsWar occurred between the _________ •A. French and American IndiansB.French and SpaniardsC・ French and British D. British and American Indians"No taxation without representation^ was the rallying slogan of _________ .A. the settlers of VirginiaB. the people of PennsylvaniaC. the colonists in New EnglandD. the people of the 13 coloniesThe first shots of the American War of Independence were fired in _________ •A. Concord B・ Lexington C. Philadelphia D. BostonIn May 1775, _________ was held in Philadelphia and began to assume the functions of anational government.A. the First Continental CongressB. the Second Continental CongressC. the Boston Tea PartyD. the Congress of ConfederationAbraham Lincoln issued ________ to grant freedom to all slaves・A・ Declaration of Independence B. ConstitutionC. Emancipation Proclamation D・ Bill of RightsThe policy of the United States was ________ at the beginning of the two world wars.A. neutralityB. full involvementC. partial involvementD. appeasementPresident ________ applied New Deal to deal with the problems of the Great Depression.A・ Wilson B. Truman C. Roosevelt D. KennedyThe Vietnam War was a long-time suffering for Americans, and it continued throughout the terms of Presidents ____________ •A. Johnson, Nixon and FordB. Truman, Eisenhower and KennedyC・ Kennedy, Johnson and Nixon D. Eisenhower, Kennedy and Johnson 81.The U. S. Constitution came into effect in ________ .A. 1787B. 1789C. 1791D. 179382.The Constitution of the United States _________ ・A.gives the most power to CongressB.gives the most power to the PresidentC・ tries to give each branch enough power to balance the othersD.gives the most power to the Supreme Court83.The Bill of Rights ________ .A.defines the rights of Congress and the rights of the PresidentB.guarantees citizens of the United States specific individual rights and freedomsC.is part of the Declaration of IndependenceD.has no relationship with the Constitution84.The following except ________ are guaranteed in the Bill of Rights・A.freedom of religionB.the right to get into people's house by policeC・ freedom of speech and of pressD. the right to own one's weapon if one wishes85.All the following except ________ cannot make legislative proposal.A. the SenatorB. the RepresentativeC.lhe Secretary of State D・ the President86.The following except ________ are all powers of the President.A- vetoing any bills passed by CongressB・ appointing federal judges when vacancies occurC.making lawsD.issuing executive orders87.According to the Constitution, a candidate for President must be _________ .A- at least 35 years oldB・ at least a 14 years5 resident of the United StatesC.bom in AmericaD.all of the above88.The terms for a Senator and Representative are ________ and ________ years respectively.A. two, four B・ two, three C. two, six D・ six, two89.The Supreme Court is composed of _________ justices・A. sixB. seven C・ eight D. nine90.The President is directly voted into office by _________ ・A. all citizens of America B・ the citizens over 18 years oldC・ electors elected by the voters D. the senators and representatives9L America produces a major portion of the world's products in the following fields except •A. machineryB. automobilesC. oreD. chemicals92.The modern American economy progressed from ____________ to _______ , and eventually,to _______ •A. colonial economy, handcraft economy, industrial economyB.farming economy, handcraft economy, industrial economyC・ colonial economy, farming economy, industrial economyD. handcraft economy, farming economy, industrial economy93.Chartered companies were NOT granted the ________ by the British King or Queen.A. political authority B・ economic rightsC.judicial authorityD. diplomatic authority94.The first National Bank of the United States was established with the urge of __________ .A. George Washington B・ Thomas JeffersonC. Andrew JacksonD. Alexander Hamilton95.The following inventions took place during the “second industrial revolution^except ______ .A・ typewriter B. telephone C. electric light D. refrigerator96.President Johnson tried to build a "Great Society” by introducing various programs like thefollowing except ________.A. MedicareB. Food Stampscation InitiativesD. Unemployment Pension97.About _______ of American crops are for export・A. halfB. one thirdC. one fourthD. one fifth98.The following statements are all true except _________ .A.Agribusinesses reflect the big, corporate nature of many farm enteiprises・B.Agribusinesses maintain a balanced trade pattern between agricultural imports and exports・C・ Agribusinesses range from one-family corporations to multinational firms.D.Agribusinesses include a variety of farm businesses and structures.99. ______ is not one of the three giants in American automobile industry.A. FordB. General MotorsC. ChryslerD. American Motors 100.At present, U・S. exports account for _______ of the worlcfs total.A. 10%B. 15%C. 20%D. 25%101.Formal education in the United States consists of _________ 、secondary and higher education.A. kindergartenB. publicC. elementary D・ private102.Of the following subjects, ________ are NOT offered to elementary school students・A. mathematics and languagesB. politics and business educationC.science and social studiesD. music and physical education103.Higher education in the United States began with the founding of __________ •A. Yale UniversityB. Harvard UniversityC. Princeton UniversityD. New York University104.Of the following, ________ are NOT among the categories of American higher education.A. universities and collegesB. research institutionsC. technical institutionsD. community colleges105.Of the following, _________ is NOT the responsibility of the board of trustees in U. S・institutions ・A.choosing the presidentB.establishing policies for administrators and facultyC.approving budget and other financial projectD.decide which student to enroll106. To get a bachelor^ degree, all undergraduate students are required to do the followingexcept _______ ■A. attending lectures and completing assignmentsB. passing examinations C ・ working for communities D. earning a certain number of credits107. Of the following universities, ________ has NOT cultivated any American President yet.A. Harvard University B ・ Massachusetts Institute of Technology C. Princeton University D ・ Yale University108. ______ is sold especially to the upper or upper-middle class and it has a reputation for itsserious attitude and great bulk ・ A. The Washington Post B. The New York Times C. Los Angeles TimesD. New York Daily News109. Of the following, _________ is NOT among the three major radio and TV networks inAmerica.A. Benjamin Franklin & Edgar Ellen PoeB. Edgar Ellen Poe & Jonathan EdwardsC. Benjamin Franklin & Jonathan EdwardsD. Edgar Ellen Poe & Washington Irving 112. ______ is regarded as "the father of American literature^.A. James Fennimore Cooper B ・ Ralph Waldo Emerson C ・ Thomas Jefferson D ・ Washington Irving113. Of the following, ________ is NOT Nathaniel Hawthorne^s work.A. The Scarlet LetterB. The House of the Seven GablesC. The Marble FaunD. Nature114. Of the following, ________ is considered Herman Melville^s masterpiece ・A. The Last of the MohicansB. The Legend of Sleepy HollowC. Moby DickD. Daisy Miller 115. Of the following, ________ is NOT characteristic of Mark Twain^s works.A. colloquial speechB. a sense of humorC. a realistic viewD. an idealistic view116. Of the following writers, _______ is NOT included in the group of naturalists. A. Stephen CraneB. Frank NorrisC. Theodore DreiserD. Herman Melville117. E Scott Fitzgerald's finest novel is ________ , and its theme is about ________ .A- The Great Gatsby, the American Dream B. Tender is the Night, loveC. Tales of the Jazz Ag 匕 the loss of oneselfD. The Beautiful and the Damned, the evil of human nature11& Of the following books, ________ is NOT written by Ernest Hemingway.A. The Sun Also RisesB. The Sound and the FuryC. A Farewell to ArmsD. For Whom the Bell TollsA. the National Broadcasting System (NBS) C. the Columbia Broadcasting System (CBS) 110. The National Day of the United States falls onA. June 4thB. July 4th111. Of the following writers, ________ B. the Public Broadcasting Service (PBS) D. the American Broadcasting System (ABS) C. June 14thD. July 14thare from the Colonial and Revolutionary Periods.119. Of the following writers, ________ is Not a Nobel Prize winne 匸A. Alice WalkerB. Ernest HemingwayC. William FaulknerD. Eugene O'Neil 120. ______ is the first African-American winner of the Nobel Prize for Literature ・A. Ralph EllisonB. Tony MorrisonC. Richard WrightD. James BaldwinII. State your understanding of the following questions. 1. How do British enjoy the Christmas day?Christmas is the biggest and best loved British holiday. Schools close for the holiday period, as do shops and offices, so people can spend time at home with their families. Most British people celebrate it by exchanging gifts and Christmas cards, preparing holiday foods, and decorating homes and workplaces. There are three Christmas traditions which are particularly British: one is the Christmas Pantomime, a comical musical play. Another tradition is the Queen's Christmas message, broadcast over the television and radio. A third British tradition, which is also celebrated in countries with British heritages, is Boxing Day, which falls on the day after Christinas.2. What were the major causes of Britain's relative economic decline in the postwar period?First, Britain suffered great economic losses in two World Wars and had gone heavily into debt to finance the war. Second, the era of the British Empire was over. India and other British colonies, which provided raw material & large market for British goods, gained independence. Third, Britain was forced to maintain an expensive military presence in many overseas locations until the end of 1960s. Fourth, Britain had to make Substantial financial contributions to NATO and the UN Security Council. Finally, Britain failed to invest in industry after WWII whereas its competitors like Germany and Japan caught up with Britain by investing in the most modern equipment and means of production. 3. What is the Commonwealth of Nations?It is a voluntary association of independent sovereign states, all of which acknowledge the British monarch as symbolic head of the association. The Commonwealth is not a political union of any sort, and its member states have full autonomy to manage their own internal and external affairs. It is primarily an organization in which countries with diverse economic backgrounds have an opportunity for close and参考答案：1-10 A 11 -20 D 21-30 C 31-40 C 41-50 D 51-60 B 61-70 C 71-80 C 81-90 B 91-100C101-110 C111-120 CBCD D B C DBA B A C B B A C B D ABB BCD C B B C D D B B B D D C BCD CAB B C C D C D B C C C A C CCD BBC CCD DDB D C B D D A A C B A CD B D A B A C D D A DBA BAD A C D D D C B D A B B B BABequal interaction after gaining independence・ The major activities of the Commonwealth are designed to advocate democracy, human rights, and to promote economic cooperation and growth within its members.4.What are the ideals that guide the American educational system?The first ideal is that as many people as possible should receive as much education as possible. It is an outcome of the American's assertions about the equality among people.The second ideal is that of producing a society that is totally literate and of local control. Education in the U.S. is governed by state and local governments, not by the national government.The third ideal is that scholars and students should work to discover new information or conceive new ways to understand what is already known. Learning is not just a process of memorizing knowledge that already exists in books・ 11 is an enterprise of exploration, experimentation, analysis and synthesis・5.How is a President voted into office in America? What are your ideas about the American election?Each party holds its national convention every four years to choose a candidate for the presidency・To win a presidential election, a candidate has to spend millions of dollars, travel all over the country to make speeches, and debate on television with the rival. The general election is technically divided into two stages. During the first stage , presidential electors for each state will be chosen. In the second stage the electors meet and vote a President. Since the second stage is only a kind of formality, every one knows who will be the n ext President as soon as the first stage is over.An open answer to the second part・6.Why can we say that Puritanism has much influence on America?a)Puritans were encouraged to read the Bible in order to better understand the God's will. Thus,education had been essential for Puritans, which education had been stressed during American history ・b)When Puritans came to America, they wanted to build "a city upon hill”—an ideal community.Since that time, Americans have viewed their country as a great experiment, a worthy model of other nations・c)Puritans established another American tradition—a strain of often intolerant moralism, which hadhad much influence on the following generations.d)The Puritans also have left rich cultural heritage to future Americans. The American values such asindividualism, hard work, and respect of education owe very much to the Puritan beliefs.。

英美社会文化方向考研朱永涛《英美文化基础教程》考研真题

英美社会文化方向考研朱永涛《英美文化基础教程》考研真题一、英国文化第1章谁是英国人I. Multiple Choices.1. Which of the following peoples were the ancestors of the Welsh? （首都师范大学2009研）A. The Celts.B. The Romans.C. The Danes.D. The Anglo-Saxons.【答案】A @@@【解析】英国威尔士人的祖先为凯尔特人；盎格鲁-撒克逊人是英格兰人的祖先。

2. Who were the ancestors of the English and the founders of England?A. The Anglo-Saxons.B. The Normans.C. The Vikings.D. The Romans.【答案】A @@@【解析】盎格鲁-撒克逊人西元5世纪起移居不列颠群岛，并建立起一个的王国，10世纪时发展成英格兰王国。

故选A。

B项诺曼人曾于1066年入侵英国。

C项维京人就是北欧海盗，从公元8世纪到11世纪一直侵扰欧洲沿海和英国岛屿。

D项罗马人曾在公元前43年至公元410年统治英国。

3. In the seventeenth century, the English government encouraged people from Scotland and Northern England to emigrate to the north of Ireland, because _____.A. they wanted to increase its control over IrelandB. they had too many people and didn’t have enough space for them to live inC. they intended to expand their investmentD. they believed that Ireland was the best place for them【答案】A @@@【解析】英国政府鼓励国民从苏格兰和英格兰北部移居到爱尔兰北部是为了通过混居同化爱尔兰民族特点和文化，从而加强对其的控制。

英美社会文化复习资料

英美社会文化复习资料第一部分英国概况The United KingdomLand and PeopleI. Different Names for Britain and its Parts1.Geographical names: the British Isles, Great Britain and England.。

2. Official name: the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.3. The British Isles are made up of two large islands-Great Britain (the larger one) and Ireland, and hundreds of small ones.4. Three political divisions on the island of Great Britain: England, Scotland and Wales.(1) England is in the southern part of Great Britain. It is the largest, most populous section.(3) Wales is in the west of Great Britain. Capital: Cardiff(4) Northern Ireland is the fourth region of the UK. Capital: Belfast.II. Geographical Features1.Geographical position of Britain:Britain is an island country surrounded by the sea. It lies in the North Atlantic Ocean off the north coast of Europe. It is separated from the rest of Europe by the English Channel in the south and theNorth Sea in the east.Britain does not share land border with any other countries except the Republic of Ireland.III. Rivers and LakesSevern River is the longest river in Britain (338km).Thames River is the second longest and most important river in Britain. (336km)IV. Climate1. Britain's favorable climateBritain has a maritime climate-winters are not too cold and summers are not too hot. It has a steady reliable rainfall throughout the whole year. The temperature varies within a small range.V. The PeopleThe ancestors of the British people are Anglo-Saxons, the Scots, Welsh, Irish and Celts.British HistoryI. Roman Britain (55BC-410AD)1.British recorded history begins with the Roman invasion. In 55BC and 54BC, Julius Caesar, a Roman general, invaded Britain twice. In AD 43, the Emperor Claudius invaded Britain successfully. For nearly 400 years, Britain was under the Roman occupation, though it was never a total occupation.2. Roman’s influence on Britain.The Roman built many towns, road, baths, temples and buildings. They make good use of Britain’s natural resources. They also brought the new religion, Christianity, to Britain.II. The Anglo-Saxons (446-871)1. Basis of Modern English race: the Anglo-Saxons.In the mid-5th century a new wave of invaders, Jutes, Saxons, and Angles came to Britain. They were three Teutonic tribes.The Jutes, who fished and farmed in Jutland, came to Britain first. A Jutish chief became the King of Kent in 449. Then the Saxons, users of the short-sword from northern Germany,established their kingdom in Essex, Sussex and Wessex from the end of the 5th century to the beginning of the 6th century. In the second half of the 6th century. In the second half of the 6th century, the Angles, who also came from northern Germany and were to give their name to theEnglish people, settled in East Anglia, Mercia and Northumbria. These seven principal kingdoms of Kent, Essex, Sussex, Wessex, East Anglia, Mercia and Northumbria have been given the name of Heptarchy.2. The early Anglo-Saxons converted to Christianity.The Anglo-Saxons brought their own Teutonic religion to Britain. Christianity soon disappeared, except among the Celts of Cornwall, Wales, Scotland and Ireland. In 597, Pope Gregory I sent St. Augustine, the Prior of St. Andrew’s Monastery in Rome, to England to convert the heathen English to Christianity. In 579 St. Augustine became the first Archbishop of Canterbury. He was remarkably successful in converting the king and the nobility, but the conversion of the common people was largely due to the missionary activities of the monks in the north.3. The Early Anglo-Saxons make the contributions to the British state. The Anglo-Saxons laid the foundations of the English state. Firstly, they divided the country into shires, with shire courts and shire reeves, or sheriffs, responsible for administering law. Secondly, they devised the narrow-strip, three-field farming system which continued to the 18th century. Thirdly, they also established the manorialsystem. Finally, they created the Witan（council or meeting of the wisemen）to advise the king, the basis of the Privy Council which still exists today.III. The Norman Conquest (1066)1. Reasons for William’s invasion of England after Edward’s death.It was said that King Edward had promised the English throne to William, but the Witan chose Harold as king. So William led his army to invade England. In October 1066, during the important battle of Hastings, William defeated Harold and killed him. One Christmas Day, William was crowned king of England, thus beginning the Norman Conquest of England.2. The English is a mixture of nationalities of different origins. The ancestors of many English people were the ancient Angles and Saxons. Some English people are of the Norman-French origin.The Shaping of the Nation (1066-1381)I. Norman Rule (1066-1381)II. Contents and the significance of the Magna Carter (Great Charter) Great Charter was signed by King John in 1215 under the press of the barons. It consists of sixty-three clauses.Its important provisions are as follows: (1) no tax should be madewithout the approval of the Grand Council; (2) no freemen should be arrested, imprisoned or deprived of their property; (3) the Church should possess all its rights, together with freedom of elections; (4) London and other towns should retain their traditional rights and privileges, and (5) there should be the same weights and measures throughout the country. Although The Great Charter has long been popularly regarded as the foundation of English liberties, it was a statement of the feudal and legal relationships between the Crown and the barons, a guarantee of the freedom of the Church and a limitation of the powers of the king. The spirit of the Great Charter was thelimitation of the powers of the king, keeping them within the bounds of the feudal law of the land.III. The origins of the English ParliamentThe Great Council is known to be the prototype of the current British Parliament. In 1265, Simon de Montfort summoned the Great Council, together with two knights from each county and two citizens from each town. It later developed into the House of Lords and the House of Commons. Its main role was to offer advice. There were no elections or parties. And the most important part of Parliament was the House of Lords.Henry VIII’s reform stresse d the power of the monarch and certainly strengthened Henry’s position; Parliament had never done such a long and important piece of work before, its importance grew as a result. His attack on the Pop e’s power encouraged many critics of abuses of the Catholic Church. England was moving away form Catholicism towards protestaintism.I.Elizabeth I (1558-1603)Elizabeth's religious reform and her foreign policyElizabeth's religious reform was a compromise of views. She broke Mary's ties with Rome and restored her father's independent Church of England, i.e. keeping to Catholic doctrines and practices but to be free of the Papal control. He religious settlement was unacceptable to both the extreme Protestants known as Puritans and to ardent Catholics.For nearly 30 years Elizabeth successfully played off against each other the two great Catholic powers, France and Spain, and prevented England from getting involved in any major European conflict. Through her marriage alliances which were never materialized, Elizabeth managed to maintain a friendlyrelationship with France. So England wad able to face the danger from Spain.The English Civil War:is also called the Puritan Revolution. It has been seen as a conflict between the parliament and the King, and a conflict between economic interests of the Crown. The economic interests of the urban middle classed coincided with their religious (Puritan) ideology while the Crown’s traditional economic interests correspondingly allied with Anglican religious belief. The English Civil War not only overthrew feudal system in England but also shook the foundation of the feudal rule in Europe. It is generally regarded as the beginning of modern world history.II. The Industrial Revolution (1780-1830)1.The industrial Revolution refers to the mechanisation of industry and the consequent changes in social and economic organization in Britain in the late 18th and early 19th centuries.2.Britain was the first country to industrialize.(6) James Watt’s steam engine in 1765.3. Aggression against ChinaIn 1840, the Opium War broke out between Britain and China. Since then, Britain gradually invaded many coastal areas and imposed a series of unequal treaties upon China.5. Mrs. ThatcherThatcherism referred to the policies put forward by Margaret Thatcher, the first woman prime minister in England in 1979. The main contents of her policies included the return to private ownership of state-owned industries, the use of monetarist policies to control inflation, the weakening of trade unions the strengthening of the role of market forces in the economy, andan emphasis on law and order. To some extent her program was successful and she led one of the most remarkable periods in the British economy.Chapter Four. Government and AdministrationThe United Kingdom is a constitutional monarchy, the head of state is a king or a queen. The United Kingdom is governed, in the name of the Sovereign by His or Her Majesty’s Government. The System of parliamentary government is not based on a written constitution, the British constitution is not set out in any single document. It is made up of statute law, common law and conventions. The Judiciary determines common law and interprets statutes.I. The Monarchy1.Elizabeth II, her title in the United Kingdom is “Elizabeth theSecond, by the Grace of God of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and Her Other Realms and Territories, Queen, Head of the Commonwealth, Defender of the Faith.2. The Queen is the symbol of the whole nation. In law, she is head of the executive, an integral part of the legislature, the head of the judiciary, the commander-in-chief of all the armed forces and the “supreme governor” of the Church of England. She gives Royal Assent to Bills passed by parliament.3. Th e monarch actually has no real power. The monarch’s power is limited by law and Parliament. Constitutional monarchy began after the Glorious Revolution in 1688.III. Parliament1.The United Kingdom is a unitary, not a federal, state. Parliament consists of the Sovereign, the House of Lords and theHouse of Commons.2. The main functions of Parliament are:(1) to pass laws;(2) to provide, by voting for taxation, the means of carrying on the work of government;(3) to examine government Policy and administrations, including proposal for expenditure; and(4) to debate the major issues of the day.3. The House of Lords is made up of the Lords Spiritual and the Lords Temporal. The main function of the House of Lords is to bring the wide experience of its members into the process of lawmaking. In other words, the non-elected House is to act as a chamber of revision, complementing but not rivaling the elect House.4. The House of Common is elected by universal adult suffrage and consists of 651 Members of Parliament (MPs). It is in the House of Commons that the ultimate authority.A grammar school is one of several different types of school in the history of education in the United Kingdom and some otherEnglish-speaking countries, originally a school teaching classical languages but more recently an academically-oriented secondary school.第二部分：美国概况The United States美国概况Chapter One. Geography and Climate1. Alaska and Hawaii are the two newest states in American. Alaska northwestern Canada and Hawaii lies in the central Pacific.2. The U.S has a land area of 9.3 million square kilometers. Itis the fourth largest country in the world in size after Russia, Canada and China.3. Of all states of American, Alaska is the largest in area and Rhode Island the smallest. But on the mainland Texas is the largest sate of the country.4. The Rockies, the backbone of the North American Continent, is also known as the Continental Divide.5. The two main mountain ranges in American are the Appalachian mountains and the Rocky mountains. The Appalachians run slightly from the northeast to southwest and the Rocky mountains run slightly from the northwest to southeast.6．The Mississippi River is the largest river in American, over 6000 kilometers. The Mississippi has been cal led “father of waters” or “old man river”.7. On the Pacific side there are two great rivers: the Colorado in thesouth and the Columbia , which rises in Canada.8. The Rio Grande River forms a natural boundary between Mexico and the United States.9. The most important lakes in the United States are the Great Lakes. They are Lake Superior, which is the largest fresh water lake in the world, Lake Michigan, the only entirely in the U.S., Lake Huron, Lake Eire and Lake Ontario. They are located between Canada and the United States except Lake Michigan.Cities14. New England is made up of six states of the Northeast. Because of its stony soil it is not noted for its agriculture .Dairying is the most important farm activity, New England is also well-known for its position in education, Many famous universitiesand colleges such as Yale, Harvard, the Massachusetts Institute of Technology(MIT) are located here.15. New Englanders were originally knows as Yankees, which came to stand for all American.16. The Middle Atlantic States have about one fifth of the total population of the united states.17. The soil is rich, the rain usually plentiful and the growing season long. These factors make the Midwest America’s most important agricultural area .It is also a major manufacturing region and thenation’s leading center of heavy industry.18. Chicago, the largest and busiest port on the Great Lakes, is the largest industrial and commercial center of the area19. Detroit is known as the automobile capital of the world. Omaha is known as the agricultural capital of the United States.20. Dry farming, irrigation farming, and the cattle and sheep herding are the main activities of the Great Plains of the American West. 21. Colorado has been called the steel city of the west, Denver is the largest city of the Great Plains.22. The largest groups of Native Americans are found on the Colorado Plateau.23. Mmauna Loa, the world’s largest volcano, is located on Haiwaii and erupts from time to time, Suger cane and pineapples are Haiwaii’s main crops. Tourism is Haiwaii’s most important industry.24. Honolulu is the capital of Haiwaii and Juneau is the capital of Alaska.Chapter Two ：Population, Race and Ethnic Groups1. The United States of the American is the third most populous county in the world after China and India.2. Immigration accounts for a major source of population growth. The United States has a more or less open-door policy to immigrantsfrom independence until 1960s. Ellis Island of New York was an important immigration reception spot in the 1890s and at the turn of the century.3. Almost 20 million people or 7.8% of the total population were immigrants in 1992. Between 80% and 90% of immigration to the United States now is from Asian and Hispanic countries.4. Arizona, Nevada, and Florida have been the fastest growing states in population for the last 20 years.5. The first immigrants in the American history came from England and Netherlands.6. The first of these immigration waves in the mid-1810s and reached the highest point in 1845.The second wave covered the period between 1860 and 1890. The largest of the three immigration wave in American was from 1890-1914.7.One in five American moves to a new home every year seeking new job opportunity, a better climate of other goals.8. Traditionally, the mainstream American were called WASPs, that is ,White Anglo-Saxon Protestants.Chapter Three: American HistoryAmerican history (1)1. The "first American "were the Indians. The first English colonyin the Americas was founded at Jamestown, Virginia, in 1607.Between 1607 and 1733 the British established 13 colonies along the east coast of North American.2. In 1620,201 Pilgrims sailed to the New World in a ship called Mayflower. They arrived at Plymouth and built thePlymouth colony.3. From 1630 to 1643, some 200 ships transported over 20000 Englishmen to the Massachusetts Bay colony.4. The colonists were building a new way of life in the New World. There were a number of features which would play a role in forming the American character. They were representative from of government, rule of law, respect of individual rights, religious tolerance and a strong spirit of individual enterprise.5. In September 1744, the First Continental Congress was held in Philadelphia which encouraged American to refuse to buy British goods.6. The Declaration of Independence drafted by Thomas Jefferson of Virginia. The Declaration is a clear explanation of the political theory behind the revolution and this theory came from the British philosopher John Locke.8. In September ,1783, the Treaty of Paris was signed, Britain recognized the independence of the USA9. The Federalist Papers are regarded as the best explanation of theconstitution as well as one of the most important works on political theory.10. The first ten amendments to the U.S Constitution, which was called the Bill of Rights, adopted in 1791 which promise to protect individuals’ rights.11. The Articles of Confederation was accepted by all the states by Match 1781.It has two serious weaknesses:1>there was no national executive of law-enforcing branch;2>Congress has no power to raise taxes. A conference was held in Philadelphia in May 1787 to consider what should be done to make the Articles of Confederation adequate. All of the states except Rhode Islandwere represented at the Consititutional Convention.12. The U.S went to war with Britain in 1812, the last war fought between these two countries.13. During the 13 years of Indian wars after the War of Independence, the Americans forced England to give up the Old Northwest and they forced Spain to open the Mississippi river. Their crossing of the Mississippi helped persuade Napoleon to sell the Louisiana Territory to the U.S.14. In the Civil war, Lincoln realized that he could win support for the Union at home and abroad by making the war a just war against slavery. So he issued the famous Emancipation Proclamation. 15. OnNovember 19, 1863, Abraham Lincoln made a short speech on the occasion of dedicating the national cemetery at Gettysburg. He ended his speech with these memorable words: “That government of the people, by the people, for the pe ople, shall not perish from the earth.”American History(2)（1900-1945)1．In 1880, the U.S ranked first in the world in the production of steel; in 1900,the U.S. produced 245million tons of coal, ranking first in the world.2．Large corporation, urbanization and new technology were the three features in the growth of American economy at the beginning of the 20th century.3．In 1903, the Wright brothers flew a plane for a brief 12 seconds at Kitty Hawk, North Carolina. This was the beginning of the appearance of the plane. In 191, Glenn E. Curiss designed and flew a successful plane.4．At the beginning of the WWI, the U.S. was impartial neither in action, nor in thought. It pursued a policy of pro-Allypartiality. 5．The 1920s in the U.S. has been described by many historians as a period of material success and spiritual frustration or confusion and purposelessness.6．The stock market crash was the beginning of long economicdepression in the late 1920S and 1930S.7．The aim of President Roosevelt’s New measures wa s to save American democracy and the capitalist system.罗斯福总统“新政：措施的目的在于”拯救美国民主“及克服资本主义制度有史以来最严重的经济制度。

刘老师的公选课(英美国家社会与文化期末复习资料)

英美国家社会与文化期末复习资料汇总：判断题：1. 英国的君主体制是以君主立宪闻名的。

君主政体实际已无实权。

它的权力受限于法律和议会。

君主立宪制是从1688年的光荣革命后开始。

2. 1863年11月9日，林肯在葛底斯堡阵亡将士公墓落成仪式上发表了简短的演说，他以另人难忘的语言结束了演说“民有，民治，民享的政府永远不会从地球上消失”。

3. 严肃报纸面向那些想全面了解社会事物各方面信息的读者。

英国共有5家严肃日报（《金融时报》、《每日电讯报》、《卫报》、《独立报》、《泰晤士报》）和4家严肃周日报（《星期日电讯报》、《星期日独立报》、《观察家》、《星期日泰晤士报》）4. 许多历史学家都把美国的二十世纪二十年代描写成一个物质上成功，精神上迷惘或漫无目标的时期。

5. 英国人喜欢各种各样的音乐，包括古典音乐，摇滚和流行音乐，爵士乐，民间音乐和轻音乐。

20世纪60年代，一种新的流行文化—披头士，出现在英国的利物浦。

这是由一群年轻人组成的乐队叫披头士乐队，又称甲壳虫乐队。

6. 大公司的出现，城市化及新技术的迅速发展是美国20世纪初经济增长出现的三大特点。

7. 殖民主义者新生活方式的这些特点在美国人性格形成中发挥了重要作用：建立代义制政府，法治，对个人权利的尊重，宗教上的宽容及强烈的个人进取心。

8. 《独立宣言》是由托马斯。

杰文逊起草的，它明确阐述了支撑这场革命的政治理论，这一理论来源于英国著名哲学家约翰。

洛克。

9.苏格兰位于大不列颠的北部。

它有三大自然区：北部高地，中部低地及南部山陵。

首府：爱丁堡。

10. 辉格党人和托利党人这两个政党名称皆起源于1688年的光荣革命。

辉格党人是指那些反对绝对王权，支持新教徒宗教自由权利的人。

辉格党人在19世纪中叶与持不同意见的托利党人组盟组成自由党。

托利党人是指那些支持世袭王权、不愿去除国王的人。

托利党是保守党的前身。

名词解释1.诺曼征服 --1066年的诺曼征服也许是英国历史上的最著名事件。

(完整word版)《英美社会与文化》复习题汇总 (2)

英美社会与文化期末复习题

一、In what way did Puritanism influence American culture?(1)The puritans hoped to build “a city upon hill’- an ideal community. Since thattime, Americans have viewed their country as a great experiment, a worthy model for other nation. This sense of mission has been very strong in the minds of many Americans.(2)New England also established another American tradition- a strain of oftenintolerant moralism. The puritans believed that governments should enforce god’s morality. They strictly punished drunks, adulterers, violation of Sabbath and other religions believers different from themselves.(3)The puritans also have left rich cultural heritage to future Americans. TheAmerican values such as individualism, hard work, and respect of education owe very much to the puritan belief.(4)Thanksgiving has become one of the National holidays, which comes fromwhite-Indian cooperation in New England.二、What are some of the major powers of each of the three branches of the US government? How are the three branches supposed to check and balance each other?If Congress proposes a law that the president thinks is unwise, the president can veto it. That means the proposal does not become law. Congress can enact the law despite the president's views only if two-thirds of the members of both houses vote in favor of it.If Congress passes a law which is then challenged in the courts as unconstitutional, the Supreme Court has the power to declare the law unconstitutional and therefore no longer in effect.The president has the power to make treaties with other nations and to make all appointments to federal positions, including the position of Supreme Court justice. The Senate, however, must approve all treaties and confirm all appointments before they become official. In this way the Congress can prevent the president from making unwise appointments三、What is the Bill of Rights? Do you think that it was necessary to write the Bill of Rights explicitly into the US Constitution?The Bill of Rights: the first 10 amendments, collectively known as the Bill of Rights, were added within two years of the adoption of the U.S. Constitution. These amendments remain intact today, as they were written two centuries ago. The first guarantees freedom of worship, speech and press, the right of peaceful assembly, and the right to petition the government to correct wrongs. The Bill of Rights and subsequent constitutional amendments guarantee the American people the fullest possible opportunity to enjoy fundamental human rights.四、What is the current economic situation in America? How did the Great Recession begin? What does it show?五、What is the relationship between government and religion in America?(1)In the first place, according to the First Amendment to the Constitution, theUSA would have no state-supported religion.What’s more, the government has no right to meddle in religious affairs or require any religious beliefs of its citizens. And government does not pay ministers’ salaries or require any belief as a condition of holding public office.(2)On the other hand, in some ways, the government supports all religions.Religious groups do not pay taxes in the United States. The armed forces pay chaplains of all faiths. Presidents and other political leaders often call on god to bless the American nation and people. Those whose religion forbids them to fight can perform other services instead of becoming soldiers.(3)When disputes about the relationship between government and religion arise,American courts must settle them.(4)In the early years, some people believe that Protestant religion andrepublican forms of government were connected, because God supports their experiment in republican government.All in all, for some purposes government ignores religion and for other purposes it treats al religion alike, as long as it is practical.六、How did American education system begin to develop?七、What are the legacies of the social movements of the 1960s? What are their effects, positive and negative, upon contemporary US society?八、“British history has been a history of invasion.” Please illustrate this point with the examples from the text. How did each of the invasions influence English culture?九、Why does the author say that parliament is supreme in the British state? What functions does parliament have? What role does the Queen (king) and the Prime Minister play in British government?十、What are the three big parties in the UK? What are some of the similarities and dissimilarities between the three parties?。

英国社会与文化期末复习资料

英国社会与文化期末复习资料英国概况：一、填空1. The full name of the United Kingdom is The United Kingdom ofGreat Britain and the Northern Ireland.2. The island of Great Britain is made up of England , Scotland andWales.3. The United Kingdom has a member of European Union since 1973.4. Britain is now a Multiracial society which produce a population ofwhich 1 of 20 are of non-European ethnicity.5. London plays a significant role in Britain’s economic and culturallife.It’s not only the financial center of the nation,but also one of thethree major international financial centers in the world.6. The highest mountain in Britain is Ben Nevis.7. Thames river flows through central London and it is a very importantriver.8. Edinburg is the capital of Scotland.9. Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland (George Ⅲ) current UnionFlag adopted on Jan.1st ,1801.10. National Day of UK is officially celebrated in Britain on the 2ndSaturday of June each year since February 1952.11. The largest lake in Britain is the Longh Neagh in Northern Irelandwhich covers an area of 396 km2.12. London Eye is the largest Ferris wheel(摩天轮）in Europe.2、选择1. The location of UK is the Europe.A. EasternB. WesternC. SouthernD.Northern2. All the following cities are major deep-water ports of UK , except.A. LondonB. LiverpoolC. BelfastD. Edinburgh3. The national flower of UK is .A.roseB.thistle D.daffodil D.shamrock4. All of the following except for , were tribes from the north whomoved into England in the 400s AD.A. AnglesB.SaxonsC.JutesD.Celts5. The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle is a .A. poem about a hero named BeowulfB.newspaperC. historical recordD.novel6. Beowulf is .A. a long novelB.a long poem written by Geoffrey ChaucerC. a long poem by unknown storytellerD.a long novel written by W.William Shakespeare7. The Canterbury Tales was written by .A.Geoffrey ChaucerB. Thomas BecketC. PalamonD.Griselda8. The frame of The Canterbury Tales is .A. the pilgrims telling stories on their tripsB.the conflict between the friar and the summonerC. King Arthur’s courtD.the differences between the knight and the squire9. The Canterbury Tales is an unusual piece of literature from theMiddle Ages because .A. It d escribes the characters’ personalitiesB.it includes middle class charactersC. both A and BD.neither A and B10. There are stories in The Canterbury Tales.A. 5B. 26C. 15D. 6BDADC CAACB3、简答1. What are the differences between Britain and the British Isles, GreatBritain, England, the United Kingdom and the BritishCommonwealth?2. Describe the geographical position of Britain?3. Does Britain have a favorable climate ? Why?4. What are the factors which influence the climate in Britain？Whichpart of Britain has he most rainfall and which part is the driest?英国教育填空1. State Schools are totally funded by the government and free to allBritish children.2. Schooling is compulsory between the ages of 5 and 16 years :totalof 11 years in UK.3. Co-educated Schools admit both boys and girls.4.All British schools - State & Independent are required to followthe National Curriculum guide-lines set down by the government.5.The children begin secondary education at the age of 11 .6. Grammar schools select the children who get high marks in the “Eleven Plus”examination, or show academic potential.7.British universities receive funds from the central government .8.Two characteristics of University of Oxford and Cambridgeis College system and Tutorial system .9. Open University is U.K.’s largest university for part-time higher education.10.University of London is a federation of colleges.单选1. A are funded by the fees charged to the parents.A. Independent SchoolsB.State SchoolsC.Co-educated SchoolsD.Public Schools2. Those wishing to gain entry to university must complete an additionaltwo years of D studies.A.GCSEB.SATC.Eleven PLusD.A Level3. Before primary schooling some chidren have an opportunity to attendthe few kingdergartens,whi ch are called“ C ”.A. Junior sectionB.Infant sectionC.Nursery SchoolsD.Secondary Schools4. Academic Year in UK begins in September, and is divided into threeterms, with holidays at B .A. Christmas, Easter, and in the winter.B.Christmas, Easter, and in the summerC.Christmas, Halloween, and in the summerD.New Year, Easter, and in the summer5. After 5 years of secondary schooling, at about age 16, the students sittheir C exams.A. GCEA(General Cetificate of Education-Advanced)B. GNVQ(General National Vocational Qualifications)C. GCSE(General Certificate of Secondary Education)D. A-Level6. After the students sit their GCSE exams, then they can concentrate onvocational training, and attend B exams.A.GCEA(General Cetificate of Education-Advanced)B.GNVQ(General National Vocational Qualifications)C.GCSE(General Certificate of Secondary Education)D.A-Level7. There is only one privately funded university in UK, that isD .A. the University of ManchesterB. the University of CambridgeC. the University of OxfordD. the University of Buckingham8. Which one is the oldest university in the English-speaking world? CA. the University of ManchesterB.the University of CambridgeC.the University of OxfordD.the University of Buckingham9. The amount of funding each university receives is based on D .A. its sizeB. the number of students it teachesC. the research it conductsD. All of the above10. which university is not in Scotland? AA. the University of YorkB.the University of GlasgowC.the University of EdinburghD.the University of Aberdeen简答1. What is the purpose of the British education system?2. What is the difference between Chinese&British Education Systems?3. What is Open University?1 UK’s largest university for part-time higher education.2 It was founded in 1969 and began its first course in 1970.3 It is open to everybody.4 Courses are taught through TV,radio,英国政党：I.填空1. In Britian, the citizens aged 18 or over have the right to vote.2. In Britain, a candidate must be at least 21 or over with the deposit of ￡500 .3. The Liberal Demorats is the combination of the Social Democratic Partyand the Liberal Party .4. Currently the three dominant political parties in UK are the Conservativeparty , the Labor Party and the Liberal Democrat .5. The Party which holds a majority of the seats in parliament forms agovernment , with its party leader as Prime Minister .6. Churchill is the member of Conservative party .7. The current leader of liberal democratic party is Nick Clegg , who is thedeputy PM.8. A Hung parliament refers to the condition where no party was able tocommand a majority in the House of Commons .9. The class system does exist in British society , which includes Working-class , Middle-class , hereditary aristocracy .10. The majority of recent immigrants are from south Asia —— India ,Pakistan and Sri Lanka and Caribbean coutries —— Jamaica andTrinidad .Ⅱ选择1. Who has the rights to vote for the Members of Parliament forming theHouse ofCommons of the parliament of UK. DA. lordB.criminalsC.the legally insameD.citizens over 182. On Tuesday 11 May , Gordon Brown announced his resignation asPrime Minister ,marking the end of 13 years of A government.A. LabourB. The Conservative partyC. The Liberal DemocratD.the Libaral Party3. In 2010 , Queen Elizabeth Ⅱ, who then invited B to form agovernment andbecome Prime Minister .A. Cordon BrownB. David CameronC. Nick CleggD.Tony Blair4. Coalition talks began immediately between the Conservatives and Candlasted for five days .A.the Liberal PartyB. Labour PartyC. the Liberal DemocratsD.The Tory5. A Refers to where no party was able to command a majority in the House ofCommons .A. hung parliamentB. shadow parliamentC. parliamentD. cabinet6. The Conservative party was foundedin 1834 out of the oldD , whichitselfhad been found in 1678 .A. Labour PartyB. The LiberalC. WhigsD.Tony Party7. She advocated the idea of small government and free-maeketeconomics.During herterm as the Prime Minister , she carried out policies to B and to cut tax rates .A. nationalize the privateB. privatize the nationalized industryC. Establish the private industryD.invest the private industry8. In 1948 ,The Labour government set up the National Health Service toprovide highquality A for all free .A. healthB. educationC. transportD.industry9. If the government loses a B in the House of Commons , that is , if amajority ofMPs agree , then it has effectively lost its ability to govern and is forced to resignand call a general election .A. First-Past-the-PostB. “vote of no confidence”C. Winner-takes-allD.majority of support10.The ideal of the liberal Democrats is to C .A. Provide free welfaresB.cut the taxesC. giving “power to the people”D.solve the unemplaymentⅢ.简答1. What are the effects of Immigramts ?2. What is the meaning of First-Past-the-Post in British election ?3. What are the main policies of the Conservative Party ?4. What are the main policies of the Labour Party ?英国政府：一、填空1. The UK still keeps an old fashioned government on the basis of constitutional monarchy .2. Coronation is a ceremony of crowning a king or queen .3. Queen Elizabeth Ⅱ has crowned since 1952 .4. Elizabeth Ⅱ is the current monarch of UK .5. UK has a democratic government with elected representatives in its parliament .6. King John of England agreed to sign The Magna Carta , in 1215 , to the demands of hisbarons.7. The members of House of Lords consists of the Lords Spiritual and the Lords Temporal .8. Windsor Castle 32 kilometers (20 miles) west of London on the Thames , has been theresidence of England’s royal family for 900 years .9. The House of Commons is a democratically elected chamber with elections held at leastevery five years .10. Buckingham Palace in Westminster is the official London residence of the British sovereign.11. The Cabinet meets regularly , usually once a week , in one of the rooms in the PrimeMinister’s official residence No.10 Downing street .12. The House of Commons consists of 651 members elected from the country’s 651constituencies with Mr. Speaker as the chairman in debates .2、选择1. In the United Kingdom , ministers are appointed by the Queen on the recommendation ofC .A.the Lord ChancellorB. the MonarchC.the Prime MinisterD.the King2. During World War Ⅱ,as a war leader , D received massive popular support and led thecountry to final victory in 1945 .A.Harold WilsonB. Margaret ThatcherC.Franklin RooseveltD.Winston Churchill3. On accepting D , the age of constitutional monarchy , of a monarchy with powers limitedby Parliament , began.A.Constitutional LawB. The Declaration of IndependenceC.Civil LawD.Bill of Rights4. In Britain , a B is held when a Member of Parliament dies , retires or resigns .A.civic electionB. by-electionC.popular electionD.general election5. All of the following , except for D were the most imporant provisions of the GreatCharter .A.No tax should be made without the approval of the council.B.No free man should be arrested or imprisoned unless convicted by a jury of his fellowcitizens.C.Merchants should be permitted to move about freely .D.The king renounced his crown .6. Females were allowed to vote in national elections until A .A.1918B. 1916C.1920D.18967. The parliament was a B word for a talking-place ./doc/3a9295007.html,tinB. FrenchC.RomanD.Greek8. Joan of Arc lived during the B century .A.14thB. 15thC.16thD.17th9. Joan lived and fought in B .A.CreeceB.FranceC.RomeD.England10. As soon as William had been crowned , he began to organize the government of England onthe system that had been so successful in Normandy.This is called C system , and it wasbased on the ownership of land.A.the constitutionalB. capitalistC.feudalD.royal3、简答1. Compare the government system of UK with that of UA .2. Describe the power of the queen .3. What are the functions of parliament？4. Elaborate the composition of the parliament.简答题：概况1. What are the differences between Britain and the British Isles,Great Britain,England, the United Kingdom and the British Commonwealth?2. Describe the geographical position of Britain?(1)an island country surrounded by four seasto the south by the English Channel, which separates it from continental Europeto the east by the North Seato the west by the Irish Sea and the Atlantic Ocean(2)located off the northwest coast of Europe ,looking west to America3.Does Britain have a favorable climate ? Why?Yes , it does .a steady reliable rainfall throughout the whole yearthe temperature varies within a small range.4. What are the factors which influence the climate in Britain？Whichpart ofBritain has he most rainfall and which part is the driest?(1) The surrounding waters tend to balance the seasonal differences byheating upthe land in winter and cooling it off in summer.The south-west winds blow over the country all the year round , bringing warm and wet air in winter and keeping the temperatures moderate .The North Atlantic Drift passes the western coast of the British isles and warms them .(2)政府1. Compare the government system of UK with that of UA .The System of Government in the UK(1)It is a monarchic 君主政体的 government with the Queen as the head of thestate (constitutional monarchy君主立宪制)(2)It is a democratic government with elected representatives in its parliament(Parliamentary Democracy)(3)It is a unitary government with a strong central governmentThe System of Govenment in the USA(1)The United States is federal country with a presidential government .(2) Federalism联邦制度——the division of the powers of government betweenthe nation and the state in the United States .(3)The Separation of Powers ——the separation of powers among the three departments of the Federal Government.2. Describe the power of the queen .The power of the queen is nowhere defined as Britain has no written constitutionand many of the rules that govern the system are customs or conventions .(1)Theoretically , the Queen has all the power :1 She is the head of the executive branch of government and gives effect to alllaws.2 She may pardon criminal offenses and cancel punishments .3 She is the commander指挥官- in-chief of the armed forces .4 She is the temporal head of the Church of England.5 She also confers all titles of rank and appoints judges , officers of thearmedforces , governors, bishops主教and diplomats .6 She has the power to conclude treaties , to declare war upon and make peacewith other nations .(2)In practice, the role of the monarchy(symbolic):1 symbolise the tradition and unity of the British state ;2 set standards of good citizenship and fimily life ;3 a confidante知己的女友to the Prime Minister .3. What are the functions of parliament?(1)passes laws;(2)provides the means of carrying on the work of government by voting for taxation;(3)scrutinizes仔细检查，详审government policy , administration and expenditure;(4)debates the major issues of the day .4. Elaborate the composition of the parliament.(1)the Queen(2)the House of Lords(3)the House of Commons政党5. What are the effects of Immigrants ?Positive:increases the variety and interest within English culture; a varied cuisine;new forms of popular music; different religious beliefs/contributions to society;Relatively tolerant countryNegative:inequality and discrimination do exist ;depends on the attitude of some oftheir white neighbor;view the newcomers as a threat to their way ofliving/troublein the process of assimilating the immigrants;economically poorer than the whitepopulation6. What is the meaning of First-Past-the-Post in British election ?First-Past-the-Post was coined as an analogy类比to house racing(1)The winner of the race is the first to pass a particular point on the track.(2)All other runners automatically and completely lose .(3)The payoff is “winner-takes-all”赢者统吃(4)The candidate must receive the largest number of votes in their favour wins.7. What are the main policies of the Conservative Party ?4. What are the main policies of the Labour Party ?经济1. What is “British Disease”?(1)a term used to characterize Britain’s economic decline after the wars(2)Britain’s slow growth of productivity, soaring inflation, and large unemployment2. What causes the relative decline of UK Economy?(1)heavily into dedt in order o finance the war(selling many accumulated overseasassest,borrowing large amounts from the US and Canada)(2)the era of the British Empire was over——decolonnization 殖民地独立(lossesof raw material& market)(3)military expense (until the process of decolonization completed in the 1960s)文学4. What does “Byronic Hero” mean ?The “Byronic hero” is a proud, mysterious rebel figure of noble origin.With immense superiority in his passions and powers , this Byronic hero would shoulderthe burden of righting all the wrongs in a corrupt society , and would fight aloneagainst any type of tyrannical rules either in government, in religion, or in moralprinciples with unconquerable wills and inexhaustible energies. The conflict isusually one of rebellious individuals against outworn social systems and conventions.5. Comment on Hamlet .Hamlet is the most popular and controversial tragedy.Shakespeare expresses hisgreat praise of the noble quality of Prince Hamlet as a representative of humanistthinkers and his disillusionment with the corrupt and degenerated society in whichhe lived.Hamlet’s revenge is not a personal matter. What troubles him most is the injustice,conspiracy and betrayal in the wicked society .Hamlet is tragedy of “blood and thunder”.教育1. What is the purpose of the British education system?2. What is the difference between Chinese&British EducationSystems?6. What is Open University?(1)UK’s largest university for part-time higher education.(2)It was founded in 1969 and began its first course in 1970.(3)It is open to everybody.(4)Courses are taught through TV,radio,videos and a network of study centers.。

（完整word版）《英美社会与文化》试题库

（完整word版）《英美社会与文化》试题库《英语国家社会与文化》复习资料第一部分课程考核说明1、考核目的通过考试，了解学生对本课程的基本内容、重点和难点的掌握程度，以及运用本课程的基本知识、基本方法和基本理论分析和解决实际问题的能力。

同时还考察学生在平时的学习中是否注意了理解和记忆相结合，理解和运用相结合。

2、考核方式：闭卷考试。

3、适用范围、教材和参考资料本试题库适用范围为英语本科专业。

试题命题的参照教材为An Outline Introduction to Britain and America(来安方等编著)，参考资料包括Survey of Britain and America(张奎武主编)、Understanding the US and the UK(许鲁之编著)、English-speaking Countries: A Survey(余志远主编)。

4、命题依据本试题库依据是《英美社会与文化》课程的教学大纲、教材。

5、考试要求主要考核学生对课程基本知识及概念、基本理论和基本技能的理解和应用能力。

在能力层次上，从识记、领会和应用三个角度来要求。

识记是要求学生掌握本课程的基本知识和相关概念；领会是要求学生在掌握基本理论、基本方法的基础上，能融会贯通；应用是要求学生能综合运用所学的内容，对课程中的有关问题进行讨论，作出自己的评价。

6、试题类型及结构试题类型及分数比重大致为：单项选择题（20%）+简答题（20%）+概念题（30%）+论述题（30%）。

第二部分基本概念Explain the following terms in English1. the Thames River2. Alfred the Great3. Open University4. the Glorious Revolution5. the British Commonwealth.6. the Black Death.7. Constitutional Monarchy. 8. the welfare state.9. the Magna Carta 10. the Wars of Roses11. the National Healthy Service 12. Public school13. Keynesianism 14. grammar school15. National Eisteddfod 16. the Jury System17. Bloody Mary 18. the People's Charter of 183819. Agribusiness 20. the Open Structure21. the dissenters 22. New Scotland Yard23. Sto nehenge 24. Hadrian’s Wall25. the open-field farming system 26. Heptarchy27. the Witan 28. Vikings29. the Danelaw 30. crusades31. Joan of Arc 32. the Lollards33. Enclosures 34. Star Chamber35. Renaissance 36. humanists37. the Divine Right of Kings 38. The Gunpowder Plot of 160539. the Grand Remonstrance 40. The Commonwealth41. Diggers 42. Levelers43. farmer George基本知识Ⅰ、Read the following unfinished statement on question carefully. For each unfinished statement on question foursuggested answers marked A, B, C and D are given. Chose the one which you think best completes the statement or answers the questions1. There are three natural Zones in Scotland. Which is the exception?A) Highlands in the north B) the Central LowlandsC) the Easters Uplands D) the Southern Uplands2. River is the most important river in ScotlandA)Tweed B)Tyne C)Thames D)Clyde3. The British Empire gradually disappeared and it was replaced by the British Commonwealth in _______A) 1931 B)1991 C)1923 D)19304. The first known settlers of Britain wereA) the Iberians B) the Celts C) the Beaker Folk D) the Romans5. , the great Roman general, invaded Britain for the first time in 55 BC.A) Emperor Claudius B)Julius Caesar C) Alfred D) William6. At the time of the Norman Conquest, Anglo-Saxon English was headed byA) Tostig B)Godwin C) Eudemon D) Harold7. For nearly years, Britain was under the Roman occupation.A) 300 B) 400 C) 500 D) 6008. When the Hundred Years War ended in 1453, was the only part of France that was still in the hands of English.A) Flanders B) Slugs C) Calais D) Potion9 was the founder of Angevin(or Plantagenet) Dynasty.A) HenryⅠB) HenryⅡC) King John D) Edward Ⅵ10. CharlesⅠcalled his third parliament in 1628, at this parliament he was forced to accept the Petition of Right, regarded as the SecondA) Magna Carta B) Bill of Rights C) Long ParliamentD)Provisions of Oxford11. is generally regarded as the beginning of modem world history.A) The Puritan Revolution B) The RenaissanceC) The Great Charter D) The English Reformation12. The restoration of the House of Stuart happened in the year The monarch who restored wasA)1660, Charles II B)1685, James II C)1660, James IID)1685,Charles II13. is the best known of the "metaphysical poets".A)Edmund Spenser B) Philip Sidney C) John Done D) Ben Jonson14. The Tories were the forerunners of the which still bears the nickname today.A) the Liberty Party B)the Labor PartyC) the Conservative Party D)the Communist Party15. The English Industrial Revolution in the late 18th century started with the __ industry.A) coal-mining B) textile C) shipbuilding D)iron and steal16. By Britain had built up a big empire "on which the sun never set".A)1839 B)1799 C) 1900 D)190517. The Labor Party had its origins in __, which was formed in 1893 and led by Kin Hardin.A) the Labor Representation Committee B) the Independent Labor PartyC) the Conservative Party D) the Trades Union Congress18. is often referred to as the "Silicon Glen" in Britain.A) The area between London and South Wales B) Liverpooland Merseyside RegionC) The area between Glasgow and Edinburgh D) The Cambridge areas of East Anglia19. The main textile producing region of Britain are the following exceptA) Yorkshire B) Northern Ireland C) West Midlands D) Humberside20. An outstanding feature of British economic recovery in the 1803 was its .A) inflation B) length C) unemployment D) privatization21. Natural gas was discovered in 1965 and oil in 1970 underA) the Atlantic Ocean B) the North SeaC) the English Channel D) the Pacific Ocean22. The monarchy is the oldest institution of government, going back to at leastA) the 9th century B) the 8th century C) 1649 D) 168923. The main functions of Parliament are following exceptA) to pass laws B) to debate the major issues of the dayC) to advise the Sovereign to approve certain government decreesD) to examine government policy and administration24. The beginning of the Second Civil War in England was the yearA) 1645 B) 1646 C) 1647 D) 164825.The House of Commons is elected by universal adult suffrage and consists of members of Parliament.A) 524 B) 651 C) 336 D) 61026. are the two major political parties in Britain today.A) The Labor Party and the Conservation PartyB) The Conservation Party and the Liberal PartyC) The Liberal Party and the RepublicansD) The Liberal Party and the Labor Party27. Appeals in criminal cases in English and Wales can be heard by the following courts exceptA) the Court of Appeal B) the Magistrate CourtC) the Crown Court D) the High Court28. The High Court has 3 divisions, which is the exceptA) Family Division B) Commercial DivisionC) Chancery Division D) Queen's Bench Division29. London's Metropolitan Police Force is directly under the control ofA) the Lord Chancellor B) the Home SecretaryC) the Prime Minister D) the Ministry of Defence30. is the ultimate court of appeal in civil cases of U. K.A) The House of Commons B) The Court of ApealC) The High Court D) The House of Lords31. of the following is not the non-contributory Social Security benefits.A) War pensions B) Maternity allowance and widow's benefitC) Child benefit D) Family credit32. The religions leader of the Church of England isA) Archbishop of Canterbury B) Archbishop of York C) Lord chancellor D) Queen33. Education is compulsory for all between the ages of and __ in Great Britain except in Northern Ireland.A) 5, 18 B) 4, 18 C) 5, 16 D) 4, 1634. National newspapers are popularly divided into 3 groups, is the exception.A) quality papers B) popular papers C) Sunday papers D) mid-market papers.35. The State-run BBC is financed from theA) commercial B) the sale of TV set C) the public funding D) the sale of TV licenses36. is the most popular sport in England as well as in Europe.A) Football B) Cricket C) Horse racing D) Snooker37. Under the old Selective System, English children who have marks in the "eleven plus"examination go on toA) grammar schools B) public school C) technical schools D) secondary modern schools38. The Puritans were originally an extreme sect.A) Catholic B) Jewish C) Orthodox D) Protestant39. Christianity was introduced into Britain byA) the Anglo-Saxons B) the Celts C) the Romans D) the Norman-French40. About percent of the state secondary school population in Great Britain attend comprehensive schools.A) 60 B) 70 C) 80 D) 9041. is the official name of the United Kingdom.A) Great Britain B) The Britain Isles C) EnglandD) The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland42. There are three political divisions on the island of Great Britain, is the exception.A) England B) Wales C) Northern Ireland D) Scotland43. Britain is surrounded by the sea which lies in the north Atlantic Ocean off ofEurope.A) the south coast B) the west coast C) the east coast D) the north coast44. The commonest English name "Smith" comes from thename "Schmidt".A) German B) France C) Spain D) Gaelic45. brought the new religion, Christianity to Britain.A) The Anglo-Saxons B) The Romans C) The Normans D) The Celts46. When the Northumbrians submitted to the King Egbert and took him for their master in 829actually became an overlord of all the English.A) Offa B) Egbert C) Kent D) William47. Which of the following is Not true about the Anglo-Saxons?A) They divided the country into countiesB) They divided the narrow-trip 3-field farming systemC) They established the manorial systemD) They laid the foundation of the English State48. The Canterbury Tales, which describes a group of traveling into Canterbury to visitThomas Backer's tomb.A) Protestants B) Catholics C) Pilgrims D) Puritans49. The Hundred Year's War is given to the intermittent war between and that lasted from 1337 to 1453.A) France … England B) the U. S … BritainC) Germany … England D) French … Germany50. By 1453 was the only part of France that was still in the hands of the English.A) Slugs B) Flanders C) Poiton D) Calais51. The name Wars of the Roses was coined by the great 19th century novelistA) Sir Walter Scott B) Ben JonsonC) Edmund Spenser D) Christopher Marlowe52. Three of the following were characteristic of the Elizabethan age. Which is the exception? __A) Protestantism gradually became the dominant faith.B) Queen Elizabeth advocated the Divine Right and quarreled with Parliament.C) This was the age of the adventure on the sea.D) This was the age of literature when Shakespeare lived and when English literature blossomed.53. The Renaissance began in in the early 14th century.A) Britain B) Greece C) Italy D) France54. The English Renaissance was largelyA) political B) economical C) social D) literary55. greatly influenced the early works of Shakespeare.A) Marlowe B) John Donne C) Roger Ascham D) Francis Bacon56. The most famous of the Catholic conspiracies was the Gunpowder plot of .A) 1742 B) 1605 C) 1615 D) 161157. was condemned to death and executed on a scaffold outside the windows of the Banqueting House at Whitehall on January 30, 1649.A) James I B) Charles I C) James VI D) Charles VI58. is generally regarded as the beginning of modem world history.A) The English Civil War B) The RenaissanceC) The English Reformation D) The Wars of Roses59. In the Parliament Act was passed, severely limiting the power of the lords andestablishing the Commons as the Supreme legislative body.A) 1910 B) 1911 C) 1912 D) 191360. There are mainly fanning types in Britain. And most are reared in factoryfanning.A) 5, sheep B) 6, sheep C) 5, chickens D) 6, chickens61. British motor industry is now dominated by four firms which is the exception?A) Ford B) Peugeot C) the Rover group D) Volkswagen62. Britain is the largest trading nation in the world.A) fifth B) first C) third D) fourth63. A General Election takes place at least years and MPs are elected.A) 3, 650 B) 4, 651 C) 5, 651 D) 6, 65064. The Britain Parliament consists of three parts exceptA) the Sovereign B) the CabinetC) the House of Lords D) the House of Commons65. Succession to the throne is founded on the in Britain.A) hereditary principle B) Common Law C) Statute Law D) Conventions66. The U. K is a state.A) republic B) federal C) unitary D) none of above67. The National Health Service was established in the U. K inA) 1928 B) 1938 C) 1948 D) 195868. Nearly a of government expenditure is devoted to the social security prograrm.A) 1/2 B) l/3 C)1/4 D) l/569. Except that may not be a Roman Catholic, public offices are open without distinctionto member of all churches or of none.A) the Lord Chancellor B) the Prime Minister C) the HomeSecretary D) the Attorney General70. is not the Christian festival.A) Christmas B) Good Friday C) Easter D) Whit Sunday71. Unestablished churches in Britain includeA) the Anglican churches B) the Free churchesC) the Roman Catholic church D) all of the above72. Which of the following belongs to the popular papers?A) The Times B) The Guardian C) The Daily Telegraph D) The Daily Express73. The Chartist Movement was the first nation-wide __ and drew attention to serious problems.A) farmers' movement. B) trader's movementC) literature campaign D) working class movement.74. was the first king to bring all Ireland under English control.A) Henry II B) James VI C) Henry D) James I75. is the chief Christian festival.A) Easter B) Christmas C) New Year's Day D) Guy Fawkes Day76. The Queen is the centre of much ofA) the nation's ceremonial B) the ancient traditionC) the leader of society D) all of the above77. The Thatcher government adopted an economic programme known as" "A) Keynesianism B) MonetarismC) Medium-term Financial Strategy D) Long-term Financial Strategy78. The Norman Conquest refers to the Conquest of England by the Normans under in .A) William of Orange/1660 B) William of Normandy/1066C) William the Conqueror/1660 D) William III/106679. In England and Wales __ recommends the High Court andcircuit judges.A) the Secretary of State. B) the Home Secretary.C) the Attorney General. D) the Lord Chancellor.80. Which of the following is a tragedy written by Shakespeare?A) Twelfth Night B) Othello. C) The Tempest D) Richard II81. is a mountain chain know as the "Backbone of Northern England''.A) The Pennies B) Ben Nevis C) Scafell D) None of above82. The largest lake in Britain is Longh Neagh, it is located inA) England B) Scotland C) Northern Ireland D) Wales83. part of Britain has the most rainfall.A) The northwestern B) The southeastern C) The western D) The eastern84. The most important historical monument left to us by the ancient Iberians was .A) mound B) Stonehenge C) stronghold D) the Hadrian's Wall85. The successful Roman invasion of Britain happened in A.D.A) 25 B) 35 C) 45 D) 4386. Beginning from the mid-5th century, the three most powerful tribes came to Britainexcept .A) Angles B) Saxons C) Celts D) Jutes87. William I replaced the Witan, the council of the Anglo-Saxons Kings, withA) the Grand Council B) the Great CouncilC) the Private Council D) the Privy Council88. The Canterbury Tales was written byA) Geoffrey B) T. S. Eliot C) Sir Thomas Wyatt D) Sir ThomasMore89. English Parliament began to come into being in the century.A) 11th B) 12th C) 13th D) 14th90. The end of the Wars of the Roses in 1485 marked the beginning of the Dynasty.A) Plantagenet B) Tudor C) Angevin D) none of above91. The Act of union in the year 1707 united andA) England, Wales B) Wales, ScotlandC) England, Scotland D) Scotland , Northern Ireland92. The most famous of the Catholic Conspiracies against King was the Gunpowder Plotin .A) James I, 1603 B) Charles I, 1603 C) Charles I, 1605 D) James I, 160593. The protestant Reformation in England was led by King .A) Henry VIII B) Henry VII C) Edward VI D) Henry II94. was the first country of the world in which the Industrial Revolution took place.A) France B) Britain C) Germany D) the U. S. A.95. The Chartist Movement ended in the yearA) 1830 B) 1848 C) 1832 D) 185196. In Britain only __ of the population are farmers but they manage of the land area.A) 3%, 70% B) 4%, 72% C) 5%, 68% D) 6%, 74%97. There are farming types in Britain.A) 4 B) 5 C) 6 D) 898. The Britain Constitution is made up of three laws exceptA) Statute law B) Land law C) Common law D) Conventions99. The Constitutional monarchy has been established inBritain sinceA) the Glorious Revolution of 1688 B) the Christ MovementC) the Wars of the Roses D) the Hundred Years War100. The real source of power in Parliament isA) the House of Lords B) the House of CommonsC) the Cabinet D) the King of QueenII. Give an one-sentence answer to each of the following questions.1. Who is the ancestor of the English?2. When did England begin to be Christianized?3. What was signed by King John in 1215?4. What marked the beginning of the Tudor Dynasty?5. What is the Lloyd's?6. What does the Cabinet consist of?7. What is the jury's job?8. What festival is the greatest in Britain?9. Which sport is regarded as typically English?10. Who established completely the feudal system in England?11. What is the largest lake in Britain?12. Who created the Witan, the basis of the Privy council?13. When was the Great Charter signed by King John?14. Where were oil and natural gas found in Britain?15. What are the two major Parties in Britain?16. When did the constitutional monarchy begin in Britain?17. Which types of criminal Procedure has in Scotland?18. What is the largest single employer of labor in U. K?19. At what age do men and women generally retire?21. What is the longest river in Britain?22. What is the highest mountain in Britain?23. What were the first known settlers of Britain?24. What were the Vikings?25. What was the transitional Period between the Middle Ages and Modern times?26. What was the Puritanism?27. What were the two events which most alarmed the Britain ruling classes in the closing decades of the 18th century?28. What were the three period of the evolution of the British economy since the WWⅡ?29. What is the main function of the House of Lords?30. What agency is the most important news agency in Britain?31. What are three political divisions on the island of Great Britain?32. What is the official name of the U. K.?33. When did the peasant uprising happen in the U. K?34. What is the English Civil War also called?35. Which two groups were the Chartists divided into?36. What was Keynesianism?37. Who are the members of the House of Lords?38. What are the common features of all systems of law in Britain?39. What is the most important established church in Britain?40. Where is the home of golf?41. Which part of Britain is always fighting?42. What type of climate does Britain has?43. Who was the first Christian Emperor?44. Whose grave became a place of Pilgrimage in and beyond Chaucer's time after he wasmurdered?45. What did James I and his son Charles I both believed firmly in?46. Where are the main textile producing regions in Britain?47. How is the BBC radio financed?48. What is the most famous art festival in Britain?49. What are the Christian festivals in Britain?50. What is the Character of the Scots?51. What are the principal non-Christian communities in Britain?52. Who was the first Archbishop of Canterbury?53. When was Parliament born in England?54. Who was the first Prince of Wales in English history?55. What were the Hundred Year’s War?56. Who was the greatest humanists in English history?57. Who wrote the classical work "Utopia“?58. Who was the first prime minister in English history?59. When was the cabinet system of government created?60. Who is the first female prime minister in English history?基本技能Questions for discussion：1. What do you know about the Roman invasion of Britain?2. How was the British Empire established in the 19th Century?3. What measures did the Thatcher government take to improve the nation's economy?4. What are the Periods of the evolution of British economy since the Second World War?5. What made the Beatles so different from other pop groups?6. Why and how did the Reformation happen in England?7. What do you know about the nature and consequences of the Wars of the Roses?8. What do you know about State Schools and public schools in the United Kingdom?9. How does a general election take place in Britain?10. What are the consequences of the Norman Conquest?11. What do you know about HenryⅡ?12. What are the main contents of Magna Carta?13. What do you know about Henry VII?14. How did Elizabeth I deal with the religious problem when she became Queen of England?15. What are the Historic Significance of the Bourgeois Revolution?Keys:基本知识Ⅱ.1. The Anglo-Saxons is the ancestor of the English.2. England began to be Christianized in the year of 597.3. The Great Charter was signed by King John in 1215.4. The end of the War of Roses in 1485 marked the beginning of the Tudor Dynasty.5. The Lloyd's refers to a famous insurance company in Britain.6. The cabinet consists of usually 20 most senior ministers.7. In criminal eases, the jury decides the issues of guilt or innocence.8. Christmas Day is the greatest Christian festival.9. Cricket is the most typically English sport.10. William established completely the feudal system in England.11. The Laugh Neagh is the largest lake in Britain.12.The Anglo-Saxons created the Witan.13. The Great Charter was signed by King John in 1215.14. Oil and natural gas are found under the North Sea in Britain .15. The Labor Party and the Conservative Party are the two major parties in Britain.16. The Constitutional monarchy began in 1689 when King William and Queen Mary accepted the Bill of Rights.17. There are Solemn Procedure and Summary Procedure in Scotland.18. The National Health Service is the largest single employer of labor in U.K.19. Generally , men retire at the age of 65 and women at the age of 60.20. Cricket is regarded as typically in English.21. The Severn River is the longest river in Britain.22. Ben Nevis is the highest mountain of Britain.23. The Iberians is the first known Settlers of Britain.24. The Vikings were the ancient people living in North Europe.25. Renaissance was the transitional period between the Middle age and modern age26. The Puritinism noted for simple dress, high moral standards and very egalitarian attitudes27. The two events were the American War of Independence and French Revolution.28. The three periods were：(1)Steady development in the 50s and 60s. (2)Economic recession in the 70s. (3)Economic recovery in the 80s.29. The main function of the House of Lords is to bring wide experience of its member into the process of law-making.30. Reuters is the most important news agency in Britain.31. The three political divisions on the island of Great Britain are England, Scotland and Wales.32. The official name of the U.K. is the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.33. The peasant uprising happened in 138134. The English Civil War is also called the Puritan Revolution.35. The Chartists was divided into the Moral Force Chartists and the physical Force Chartists36. Keynesianism was John M. Keynes(John Maynard Keynes) economic theory.37. The House of Lords is made up of the Lords spiritual and the Lords Temporal38. One is that there is no complete code and other is the distinction made between criminal law and civil law.39. The church of England and the church of Scotland are the most important established church in Britain.40. Scotland is the home of golf.41. Northern Ireland is always fighting.42. Britain has a maritime Climate.43. Constantine was the first Christian Emperor.44. Thomas Becket's grave became a place of Pilgrimage in and beyond Chaucer' s time after he was murdered45. James I and his son Charles I both believed firmly in the Divine Right of Kings.46. They are the East Midlands, Yorkshire, and Humberside and Northern Ireland.47. The BBC radio broadcast is funded totally by the government.48. The most famous art festival in Britain is the EdinburghInternational Festival of Music andDrama.49. They are Christmas, Easter and Whit Sunday.50. The Character of the Scots is hospitable and generous.51. The principal non-Christian communities in Britain are the Jews, the Moslems and the Buddhists.52. St. Augustine was the first Archbishop of Canterbury53. Parliament was born in 1265.54. Edward II55. It refers to the war between England and France which lasted from 1337 to 1453.56. Sir Thomas More (1478-1535)57. "Utopia“ was written by Thomas More.58. Walpole was usually considered as the first prime minister in English history.59. During GeorgeⅠ’s reign.60. Margaret Thatcher。

英美文化复习题

《英美文化》复习题AI. Fill in the blanks（10 points, with 0.5 point for each）1. The full name of the United Kingdom is ______________________________________.2. The two largest islands of the British Isles are Britain and _______________.3. Many people associate the Elizabethan age with two things. The first is ______________, and the other is adventure on the sea.4. The greatest sailor who led the English fleet to victory in fighting the Spanish Armada was_____________.5. The roots of the English language go back to __________________.6. The history of English really began around the year AD 450 when the three Germanic tribesof ___________, Saxons and Jutes invaded England in succession.7. All English official documents bear the initials OHMS which stands for________________________.8. Parliament in Britain, strictly speaking, consists of three elements: the Crown, the House of Lords, and _________________.9. Britain, unlike France and the USA, has no __________ constitution.10. The Queen usually acts on the advice of ________________.11. Two states are separated from continental US; that is Hawaii in the __________ Ocean andAlaska to the northwest of Canada.12.The first successful English colony in the America was founded at_____________________in 1607.13. In 1626, Dutch settlers built the town of New Amsterdam which was later renamed by theEnglish as _____________.14. The first shot of the American War of Independence was fired at _______________ onApril 19, 1775.15. in 1620, a group of Puritans, called Pilgrims, crossed the Atlantic in the ship ___________and settled at Plymouth, Massachusetts.16. The Declaration of Independence was drafted by __________________.17. On January 1, 1863, President Lincoln issues ___________________________ whichgranted freedom to all slaves in Confederate states.18. In April 1865, ________________ surrendered to General Grant at Appomattox CourtHouse.19. In US, the state executive power is given to the governor while the federal executivepower is given to the ____________.20. The theme of American literature is the record of _______________________.II. Multiple choice（10 points, with 1 point for each）1.The earliest written records of Britain’s inhabitants came from ________.A. the CeltsB. the RomansC. the NormansD. the Germans2. Christianity was introduced into Britain by ________.A. the CeltsB. the GermansC. the Viking DanesD. the Romans3. Which of the following is not considered a characteristic of the Englishman?A. reservedB. toughC. shy of strangersD. suspicious of change4. In the year 1066, William the Conqueror invaded England from France, defeating theSaxon king Harold at________.A. the Battle of CrecyB. the Battle of AgincourtC. the Battle of HastingsD. the Battle of Waterloo5. Shakespeare lived in the period of ________.A. the Middle AgesB. the Victorian AgeC. the Elizabethan ageD. the Industrial Revolution6. The stereotyped images of Indians that most other Americans have are from________.A. Western moviesB. the mutual contactC. the visits of IndiansD. research by anthropologists7. In the 1950s, Americans were concerned with three of the following issuesexcept________.A. the influence of the socialist countriesB. the Cold WarC. America’s global involvementD. poverty at home8. Who invented the detective story?A. Edgar Allan PoeB. Fenimore CooperC. Washington IrvingD. Nathaniel Hawthorne9. Which of the following was the true literary heart of America in the 19th century?A. New York CityB. Walden PondC. Concord, MassachusettsD. Brook Farm10. How many continental states were there at the time of independence of the UnitedStates?A. 35B. 48C. 13D. 50III. Definition（20 points, with 4 points for each）1. the Norman Conquest2. the “lost generation”3. New England4. the Industrial Revolution5. the Westward MovementIV. Short answer questions（30 points, with 5 points for each）1. What do you know about the American Civil War?2. What is the Hundred Years’ War in British history?3. How do you define the Victorian age?4. How much do you know Mark Twain the American novelist?5. What is traditionally typical Englishman thought to be like?6. What is the principle of “balance of power”?V. Essay writing（30 points, with 15 points for each）1. Why is William Shakespeare so important in English literature?2. What is the origin of Thanksgiving Day?《英美文化》复习题BI. Fill in the blanks（10 points, with 0.5 point for each）1. The study of English literature usually begins with _____________.2. In the sixteenth century, the most famous British writer Thomas More wrote a book called __________ telling of a journey to an imaginary island.3. The full name of the United Kingdom is ______________________________________.4. The two largest islands of the British Isles are Britain and _______________.5. Many people associate the Elizabethan age with two things. The first is ______________, and the other is adventure on the sea.6. The greatest sailor who led the English fleet to victory in fighting the Spanish Armada was_____________.7. The roots of the English language go back to __________________.8. The history of English really began around the year AD 450 when the three Germanic tribesof ___________, Saxons and Jutes invaded England in succession.9. The first American writer to win the Nobel Prize for literature was ________________.10. The Adventures of Tom Sawyer is written by _____________________.11. Henry David Thoreau’s masterpiece _______________ is a record of his experience ofliving alone for two years in a cabin beside Walden Pond.12. The Call of the Wild, written by American writer_________________, is an exciting taleof a man and a dog in Alaska during gold rush days.13. A Farewell to Arms is a famous novel written by American writer____________________.14. All American children are offered _______ years of free public education.15. The typical food for a traditional Thanksgiving dinner are____________ and pumpkin pie.16. Former President_________ said that crime is America’s “number one enemy”.17. The holy book of Christianity is ______________; it consists of two parts, the OldTestament and the New Testament.18. The two oldest universities in Britain are ____________ and Cambridge.19. The head of the Commonwealth is __________________.20. The use of stream of consciousness was first started ________________, whosemasterpiece was Ulysses.II. Multiple choice（10 points, with 1 point for each）1. Which of the following is a tragedy written by Shakespeare? ______A. Twelfth NightB. The TempestC. OthelloD. Richard II2. What flourished in Elizabethan age more than any other form of literature? ______A. DramaB. PoetryC. NovelD. Essay3. The Church of England is “established” in________.A. the whole of BritainB. England and WalesC. England and ScotlandD. England only4. The first American Thanksgiving was hosted by________.A. the IndiansB. the PilgrimsC. the Spanish settlersD. the French settlers5. The first group of English Puritans to land in America called themselves “Pilgrims”because________.A. it was the name of their churchB. they had been persecutedC. they had wandered for a great distance in search of freedomD. they came fromHolland6. During the whole of the eighteenth century, England’s greatest enemy was________.A. FranceB. AmericaC. GermanyD. Spain7. In the three centuries following 1066, the literary works of England were written in________.A. English onlyB. English and FrenchC. English and LatinD. English, French and Latin8. In the 1950s, Americans were concerned with three of the following issuesexcept________.A. the influence of the socialist countriesB. the Cold WarC. America’s global involvementD. poverty at home9. Who invented the detective story? ________A. Edgar Allan PoeB. Fenimore CooperC. Washington IrvingD. Nathaniel Hawthorne10. Which of the following was the true literary heart of America in the 19th century? ________A. New York CityB. Walden PondC. Concord, MassachusettsD. Brook FarmIII. Definition（20 points, with 4 points for each）1. New England2. Mayflower3. the Norman Conquest4. Cowboys5. the Westward MovementIV. Short answer questions（30 points, with 5 points for each）1. What is traditionally typical Englishman thought to be like?2. What do you know about the American Civil War?3. How much do you know Jesus Christ?4. How do you define the Victorian age?5. How much do you know Mark Twain the American novelist?6. What is the Industrial Revolution?V. Essay writing（30 points, with 15 points for each）1. What are the elements and functions of British Parliament? Discuss the role of each element and explain briefly.2. What is the origin of Thanksgiving Day?《英美文化》复习题CI. Fill in the blanks（10 points, with 0.5 point for each）1. Britain, unlike France and the USA, has no __________ constitution.2. The Queen usually acts on the advice of ________________.3. Two states are separated from continental US; that is Hawaii in the __________ Ocean andAlaska to the northwest of Canada.4. The first successful English colony in the America was founded at_____________________in 1607.5. In 1626, Dutch settlers built the town of New Amsterdam which was later renamed by theEnglish as _____________.6. The first shot of the American War of Independence was fired at _______________ on April19, 1775.7. In 1620, a group of Puritans, called Pilgrims, crossed the Atlantic in the ship ___________and settled at Plymouth, Massachusetts.8. All American children are offered _______ years of free public education.9. The typical food for a traditional Thanksgiving dinner are____________ and pumpkin pie.10. Former President_________ said that crime is America’s “number one enemy”.11. The holy book of Christianity is ______________; it consists of two parts, the OldTestament and the New Testament.12. The two oldest universities in Britain are ____________ and Cambridge.13. The head of the Commonwealth is __________________.14. The use of stream of consciousness was first started ________________, whosemasterpiece was Ulysses.15. The most important Middle English poet was________.16. The real center of power in Parliament is________.17. The study of English literature usually begins with _____________.18. The full name of the United Kingdom is ______________________________________.19. The two largest islands of the British Isles are Britain and _______________.20. Many people associate the Elizabethan age with two things. The first is ______________, and the other is adventure on the sea.II. Multiple choice（10 points, with 1 point for each）1. During the whole of the eighteenth century, England’s greatest enemy was________.A. FranceB. AmericaC. GermanyD. Spain2. In the three centuries following 1066, the literary works of England were written in________.A. English onlyB. English and FrenchC. English and LatinD. English, French and Latin3. In the 1950s, Americans were concerned with three of the following issuesexcept________.A. the influence of the socialist countriesB. the Cold WarC. America’s global involvementD. poverty at home4. Who invented the detective story?A. Edgar Allan PoeB. Fenimore CooperC. Washington IrvingD. Nathaniel Hawthorne5. Which of the following was the true literary heart of America in the 19th century?A. New York CityB. Walden PondC. Concord, MassachusettsD. Brook Farm6.The earliest written records of Britain’s inhabitants came from ________.A. the CeltsB. the RomansC. the NormansD. the Germans7. Christianity was introduced into Britain by ________.A. the CeltsB. the GermansC. the Viking DanesD. the Romans8. Which of the following is not considered a characteristic of the Englishman?A. reservedB. toughC. shy of strangersD. suspicious of change9. In the year 1066, William the Conqueror invaded England from France, defeating theSaxon king Harold at________.A. the Battle of CrecyB. the Battle of AgincourtC. the Battle of HastingsD. the Battle of Waterloo10. Shakespeare lived in the period of ________.A. the Middle AgesB. the Victorian AgeC. the Elizabethan ageD. the Industrial RevolutionIII. Definition（20 points, with 4 points for each）1. the Elizabethan age2. the Westward Movement3. Cowboys4. the “lost generation”5. the Norman ConquestIV. Short answer questions（30 points, with 5 points for each）1. What do you know about the American War of Independence?2. What do you know about the American Civil War?3. How do you understand the Great Depression in America?4. What is the principle of “balance of power”?5. How much do you know Mark Twain the American novelist?6. What is traditionally typical Englishman thought to be like?V. Essay writing（30 points, with 15 points for each）1. What are the elements and functions of British Parliament? Discuss the role of each element and explain briefly.2. Why is William Shakespeare so important in English literature?。

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